Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Forame Mandibular'

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O forame mandibular é uma estrutura de relevância e referência na face interna do ramo da mandíbula, tanto para as técnicas anestésicas em odontologia, quanto para as técnicas cirúrgicas de osteotomia do ramo. O objetivo do presente estudo foi localizar o forame mandibular relacionando os gêneros e os lados direito e esquerdo, utilizando medidas no sentido horizontal e vertical, foram utilizadas neste estudo 193 mandíbulas maceradas. Foram determinados pontos nas concavidades das bordas anterior do ramo (linha oblíqua interna), posterior, inferior e superior (incisura mandibular), além do ponto gônio e o ponto no centro do forame mandibular. Para realizar as mensurações foi utilizado um paquímetro digital com precisão de centésimo de milímetro. Os espécimes foram separados em três grupos: masculino, feminino e total dos espécimes. Os resultados revelaram que o forame mandibular no sentido horizontal encontrava-se mais próximo da borda anterior nos três grupos apenas no lado direito, enquanto no lado esquerdo foi localizado mais próximo da borda posterior. No sentido vertical o forame foi encontrado mais próximo da incisura mandibular (P= 0,001). A largura do forame foi maior no gênero masculino (P =0,013, lado direito; P=0,001, lado esquerdo) ocorrendo o mesmo para a distância entre o forame e ponto gônio (P=0,001, para ambos os lados). Os achados do presente estudo sugerem que a metodologia para análise da localização do forame mandibular deveria ser uniforme

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O tratamento de fraturas de mandíbula na região de sínfise e parassínfise com uso de miniplacas e parafusos é especialmente problemático devido às forças de torção presentes nestas áreas. Os primeiros estudos a cerca do tema sugerem o uso de duas miniplacas do sistema 2,0mm fixadas acima e abaixo do forame mentual, com parafusos monocorticias, para neutralizar as cargas funcionais. Com a melhoria das ligas metálicas e o desenvolvimento de novos tipos de dispositivos de fixação, é possível sugerir que a utilização de uma única placa na zona de tensão da mandíbula seja suficiente para estabilizar a fratura durante o período de reparo ósseo. O objetivo deste trabalho foi revisar a literatura sobre as técnicas de fixação interna de fraturas de parassínfise mandibular ressaltando a possibilidade de alteração de técnica para a diminuição do número de placas para a estabilização das fraturas.

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Com o advento do implantes, a precisa localização de estruturas anatômicas, dentre elas o canal da mandíbula e o forame mentual, tornou-se uma necessidade primordial para os implantodontistas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a reprodutibilidade diagnóstica da imagem panorâmica convencional e digitalizada invertida na detecção do teto do canal da mandíbula e do forame mentual. Foi utilizada uma amostra de setenta e sete radiografias panorâmicas de edentados totais. Estas foram digitalizadas por meio de um escaner, tendo o brilho e o contraste ajustado, bem como a transformação em negativo. A área posterior ao forame mentual foi dividida em três regiões e a presença do teto do canal foi classificada em uma escala de confiança de cinco pontos. O forame mentual foi classificado segundo os critérios propostos por Yosue et al.74 (1989). Tanto a panorâmica convencional, como a digitalizada invertida foram avaliadas por três implantodontistas, previamente calibrados, em duas ocasiões distintas com intervalo mínimo de dez dias. A reprodutibilidade intra-examinador foi avaliada empregando-se a estatística Kappa (k), segundo Light (kL). A concordância intra-examinador, segundo Landis & Kock31, variou em sofrível, regular e boa; entretanto, não houve diferença estatísticamente significante na maioria das situações. Concluímos que os valores foram de baixa concordância por ponto e por intervalo de confiança, quando os três examinadores avaliaram a presença do teto do canal da mandíbula e do forame mentual.
The knowledge of precise location of mandibular canal and mentual foramen are very important in mandibular implant surgery. The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic reproducibility of conventional and negative digitized conventional panoramic images of superior wall of mandibular canal and mentual foramen. A sample of 77 edentulous patient's panoramic radiographs was used. These radiographs were digitized by a scanner with adjusted bright and contrast and it showed in a negative mode. The posterior segment behind mentual foramen was divided into three parts and the presence of the superior wall of mandibular canal was classified according to five points scale. The mental foramen was classified according to criteria of Yosue et al,77 (1989). The conventional panoramic and digitized radiographies were evaluated twice by three previously calibrated implantodontits. The intra-observer reproducibility was found using Kappa's statistic, according Ligth. The intra-observer agreement varied between bearable and good according to Landis & Kock. However, there was no significant difference. We observed low agreement in the Kappa's values.

Orientador: Gulnara Scaf
Banca: Elcio Marcantonio
Banca: Israel Chilvarquer
Resumo: Com o advento do implantes, a precisa localização de estruturas anatômicas, dentre elas o canal da mandíbula e o forame mentual, tornou-se uma necessidade primordial para os implantodontistas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a reprodutibilidade diagnóstica da imagem panorâmica convencional e digitalizada invertida na detecção do teto do canal da mandíbula e do forame mentual. Foi utilizada uma amostra de setenta e sete radiografias panorâmicas de edentados totais. Estas foram digitalizadas por meio de um escaner, tendo o brilho e o contraste ajustado, bem como a transformação em negativo. A área posterior ao forame mentual foi dividida em três regiões e a presença do teto do canal foi classificada em uma escala de confiança de cinco pontos. O forame mentual foi classificado segundo os critérios propostos por Yosue et al.74 (1989). Tanto a panorâmica convencional, como a digitalizada invertida foram avaliadas por três implantodontistas, previamente calibrados, em duas ocasiões distintas com intervalo mínimo de dez dias. A reprodutibilidade intra-examinador foi avaliada empregando-se a estatística Kappa (k), segundo Light (kL). A concordância intra-examinador, segundo Landis & Kock31, variou em sofrível, regular e boa; entretanto, não houve diferença estatísticamente significante na maioria das situações. Concluímos que os valores foram de baixa concordância por ponto e por intervalo de confiança, quando os três examinadores avaliaram a presença do teto do canal da mandíbula e do forame mentual.
Abstract: The knowledge of precise location of mandibular canal and mentual foramen are very important in mandibular implant surgery. The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic reproducibility of conventional and negative digitized conventional panoramic images of superior wall of mandibular canal and mentual foramen. A sample of 77 edentulous patient's panoramic radiographs was used. These radiographs were digitized by a scanner with adjusted bright and contrast and it showed in a negative mode. The posterior segment behind mentual foramen was divided into three parts and the presence of the superior wall of mandibular canal was classified according to five points scale. The mental foramen was classified according to criteria of Yosue et al,77 (1989). The conventional panoramic and digitized radiographies were evaluated twice by three previously calibrated implantodontits. The intra-observer reproducibility was found using Kappa's statistic, according Ligth. The intra-observer agreement varied between bearable and good according to Landis & Kock. However, there was no significant difference. We observed low agreement in the Kappa's values.
Mestre

Para la mayoría de tratamientos dentales, es efectiva la utilización de técnicas anestésicas de tipo infiltrativo, consiguiendo el bloqueo efectivo del estímulo doloroso en todos los dientes de la arcada superior y del grupo incisivo, canino y premolar de la arcada inferior. Sin embargo, en la zona posterior de la mandíbula, donde se presenta una cortical más gruesa y, además, el nervio alveolar inferior discurre incluido en el grosor del cuerpo de la mandíbula, la técnica anestésica infiltrativa resulta controvertida. En estos casos, el bloqueo del Nervio Alveolar Inferior de tipo troncular se convierte en una maniobra aconsejable para una correcta praxis odontológica. La técnica anestésica convencional se basa en la localización “probable” de la língula a partir de una serie de referencias intra y extraorales para poder ubicar, así, la zona perilocal al foramen mandibular –la más próxima a la entrada del nervio alveolar inferior al canal mandibular- donde se depositará la solución anestésica. Sin embargo, dada la variabilidad individual del foramen mandibular, a pesar de las referencias empleadas para localizar la zona de inoculación de la solución anestésica, el bloqueo puede fracasar o retardarse. Por ello, es importante disponer de métodos y técnicas que nos permitan determinar la ubicación del agujero mandibular de una forma “individualizada” y este ha sido el objetivo principal de nuestro estudio

Les foramens de passage du nerf mandibulaire (V3), en particulier les foramens mentonniers et mandibulaires, sont fréquemment utilisés en paléoanthropologie. En effet, certains traits qui leur sont associés sont parfois discutés en terme d'autapomorphies néandertaliennes. Notre travail souhaite à travers l'étude des déterminismes de positionnement de ces foramens apporter des éléments novateurs permettant d'éclairer leur statut, ceci en s'appuyant sur l'hypothèse ontogénique des axes neuro-matriciels de la face. Notre base de données comprend cinq groupes, actuels et fossiles (Hommes et Gorilles), auxquels nous avons ajouté trois spécimens proche-orientaux isolés (Amud 1, Skhul 5 et Ohalo 2). L'étude mêle les techniques anthropomogiques classiques, l'imagerie médicale (tomodensitométrie, tomographie volumique numérisée, téléradiographie), et la digitalisation 3D. L'analyse statistique usuelle a été complétée par une analyse en morphométrie géométrique. Il apparaît que des foramens mentonniers doubles, issus de doubles canaux mandibulaires, sont très rares chez l'Homme actuel. La position du foramen mentonnier par rapport aux dents et sa position verticale sur le corps apparaissent totalement liées au compartiment alvéolo-dentaire. Le repère dentaire en semble pas constituer en lui-même un référentiel stable pour positionner ce foramen dans le sens antro-postérieur, ce qui conduit à reconsidérer l'interprétation donnée à la position plus reculée de ce foramen come autapomorphie néandertalienne. Une nouvelle structure de référence crânio-faciale unissant les trois foramens de passage du nerf mandibulaire est proposée, qui se révèle stable entre les groupes adultes Homo sapiens sapiens et Gorilla mais s'avère légèrement modifiée sur deux spécimens fossiles (La Ferrassie 1, Amud 1). La configuration d'Amud 1 par rapport à celles des deux autres fossiles proche-orientaux est étudiée.

The retromolar foramen represents a little known anatomical variation in the posterior mandible of uncertain clinical importance. It has been the subject of limited study. Findings and conclusions of these studies have been placed under little scrutiny. Suggested clinical consequences associated with the presence of the retromolar foramen include local anaesthetic failure, local haemorrhage during surgery, perineural spread of infectious and invasive pathology, and loss of sensation in the normal distribution of the buccal nerve due to surgical intervention. Reports of the possibility of these complications seem to suggest that the retromolar foramen, canal and its associated neurovascular bundle are structures of great clinical importance. Case reports seem to have, however, only included reports of loss of gingival and buccal sensation as a consequence of third molar surgery in the presence of this anomaly. This study therefore aimed to report the prevalence of the retromolar foramen and canal in the South African population, describe its course and structure, and produce a clinical framework in which to approach the presence of the retromolar foramen. Comparisons between the present and existing studies were made and conclusions concerning the clinical importance of this structure were drawn. Inspection of a sample containing 946 mandibles was performed. Of these, 885 were regarded as suitable for inclusion. These mandibles were inspected for the presence of a retromolar foramen in which a 1 mm diameter needle could pass through without resistance. The distance from the last tooth in the arch to the retromolar foramen was also measured. Fifty of these mandibles were then randomly selected and scanned using microfocus computed tomography. Seventy mandibles were found to have at least one retromolar foramen (7.9% of the total sample). No statistically significant differences were found when the presence of the retromolar foramen was correlated with race, sex or age. The finding that sex and age played no significant role in the presence of the retromolar foramen is in agreement with available literature. Detected prevalence seemed to be heavily influenced by the method used to determine the presence of the retromolar foramen. The average distance between the second mandibular molar and the retromolar foramen was 16.83 ± 5.57 mm and the average distance between the third mandibular molar and the retromolar foramen was 10.47 ± 3.77 mm. These findings were found to be in agreement with most other reports. Fifty retromolar canals were selected at random and scanned using microfocus computed tomography. Analysis revealed four basic patterns. These were type A, a vertical canal between the inferior alveolar canal and the retromolar area of the mandible, type B, a curved canal taking a recurrent course between the inferior alveolar canal and the retromolar area, type C, a canal with an approximately horizontal path between the inferior alveolar canal and the retromolar area, and the temporal crest canal (TCC, not designated as type D to create a distinction between it and types A, B and C), a canal terminating on either side of the temporal crest. Type B was the most common presentation (68% of retromolar canals in the study), a finding contrary to that of other studies. The presence of the retromolar neurovascular bundle is of uncertain clinical importance and requires further anatomical and pharmacological study to determine its effect on local anaesthetic failure. A model in which the retromolar canal branches from the inferior alveolar canal does not seem to support a conclusion in which local anaesthetic failure may be directly attributable the presence of this anatomical variation alone. Classification of the retromolar canal is of limited clinical use and may require a revised scheme if clinical application is sought. Complications associated with the presence of the retromolar foramen are poorly documented and seem to be of little consequence.
Dissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2014.
tm2015
Anatomy
MSc
Unrestricted

Ce travail porte sur l'etude de l'arcade dentaire chez de jeunes adultes. Il comporte deux parties: la premiere, conventionnelle, situe l'arcade dentaire dans son environnement anatomo-physiologique en rappelant son origine phylogenique, embryologique et les facteurs influencant son developpement. La seconde decrit le protocole experimental et les resultats obtenus. Menee sur 90 etudiants inscrits en deuxieme annee de chirurgie dentaire, elle a porte d'une part, sur la modelisation individualisee de la forme d'arcade, et d'autre part, sur la recherche de correlations de ces formes avec des parametres dento-maxillo-faciaux classiques. A partir d'une empreinte aux alginates de l'arcade inferieure, certains points ont ete choisis afin de reproduire la courbe sur laquelle se positionnent les dents: le bord libre des incisives, la pointe canine, et les cuspides vestibulaires des premolaires et molaires, dents de sagesse exclues. L'enregistrement des coordonnees est realise par ordinateur a partir d'une camera ccd (charge coupled device) et les donnees ainsi recueillies sont ensuite traitees par le logiciel s-plus. Ces donnees permettent de modeliser de facon individualisee l'arcade enregistree. Nous presentons les principales methodes decrites dans la litterature. Il apparait que celles-ci sont sensibles a l'influence des dents en malposition. Nous proposons ensuite des methodes qui semblent etre plus appropriees aux problemes particuliers des orthodontistes: les ajustements robustes. L'analyse statistique de chaque arcade permet de calculer un coefficient caracteristique de forme. Cet indice est compare aux indices classiquement utilises en morphologie dento-faciale

The purpose of this study was to use existing Cone Beam Computer Tomography images to determine the vertical and horizontal location of the mental foramen in relation to the mandibular first and second premolars, as well as the distance in millimeters from the apex of each. The distance from the inferior border of the foramen to the inferior border of the mandible was also recorded. The average distance from the apices of the mandibular first and second premolars to the mental foramen was 7.43mm (SD= 1.97) and 5.30mm (SD=1.65) respectively. The foramen was located 11.44mm (SD=1.49) from the inferior border of the mandible. The foramen was in line with the apex of the mandibular second premolar 41% of the time. The mental foramen was further away from the inferior border of the mandible in males and older patients. Mental foramina seemed to be positioned more apically and distally in older patients.

A research report submitted to the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Masters of Science in Dentistry. Johannesburg, 2017
The objective of the study was to determine the exact location of the mandibular foramen among black South African population using a possible correlation of radiographic and morphometric analysis. Sexual dimorphism in the position of the foramen was taken into consideration. This study was conducted on a total of 253 adult dry human mandible specimens and 24 adult radiographic data from the cone beam computed tomographic records of patients. Both male and female specimens of ages between 16-56 years old and above were examined for morphometric analysis. The age group for the radiographic analysis was between 21-25 years old. The length, height and distance of the mandibular foramen in relation to the anterior and posterior border of the ramus of the mandible; superior and inferior border of the mandible as well as the distance in relation to the coronoid & condyle were measured. All the measurements were taken using a mandibulometer and the Dental sliding digital callipers for the morphometric analysis. For both radiographic and morphometric analyses, the distance of the mandibular foramen (MF) to the posterior region of ramus was smaller than that of MF to anterior region. The same pattern of results were observed for both males and females in all age groups. Males generally showed greater readings than females in all parameters, except the MF-P measurement. The MF was situated more towards the superior part of the mandible in the morphometric study. In the radiographic study, the MF was situated more towards the inferior part of the mandible. No significant difference was noted amongst different age groups. With regards to the antero-posterior dimensions of the mandible, the MF was found to be situated more towards the posterior region of the ramus for both radiographic and morphometric analyses in all age cohorts. With regards to infero-superior dimensions of the mandible, the MF was situated more towards the superior part of mandible in the morphometric analysis, but more towards the inferior part of the mandible in the radiographic analysis. In conclusion, the position of the MF was constant with regards to the antero-posterior dimensions for both radiographic and morphometric analyses. Therefore, this suggests that the chances of finding the MF in the anterior border of ramus of mandible are limited hence the anterior border can be regarded as the “safety zone” in a South African population.
MT2017

A Endodontia é uma opção para recuperar a estética e a funcionalidade de uma peça dentária que está gravemente lesionada, sendo uma alternativa recomendável para evitar a sua perda. Objetivos: Este estudo teve como objetivo calcular a percentagem em que a distância entre o ápex anatómico e o forâmen apical é superior a 1mm e determina-la em termos estatísticos. Métodos: Os dentes foram desinfetados e preparados através da abertura de uma cavidade de acesso, negociados e permeabilizados com lima K10 e hipoclorito de sódio a 5% que permitiu injetar o corante azul-metileno no canal meso-vestibular em dentes molares maxilares e mandibulares. Foram medidos e, posteriormente, estabilizados e cortados a 1mm do ápex anatómico. Dividiram-se em dois grupos e foram analisados através de uma lupa. Resultados: Dos 60 dentes analisados, 93,3% dos dentes superiores e 96,7% dos inferiores, apresentavam canal a 1mm do ápex anatómico, P=1,000 (Teste Exato de Fisher). A mediana da distância, em milímetros foi, para os superiores Me=0,5mm (IC 95%: 0,2-0,5) e para os inferiores Me=0,2mm (IC 95%: 0-0,5). A distância mínima encontrada foi 0,0mm e a máxima de 1,7mm e 1,1mm para os molares superiores e inferiores, respetivamente. Conclusões: Não há uma diferença significativa na proporção de casos em que a distância é superior a 1mm, em ambos os grupos. O forâmen anatómico do canal MV dos molares inferiores está mais próximo (Me=0,2mm) do ápex anatómico do que nos molares superiores (Me=0,5mm).
Endodontics is an opportunity to recover the aesthetics and functionality of a tooth that is severely damaged and is a highly recommended procedure to prevent tooth loss. Objectives: This study aims was estimate the percentage in which the distance between the anatomical apex and the apical foramen is bigger than 1mm, and evaluating the distance in statistical terms. Methods: The teeth were disinfected and prepared through the opening of an access cavity, negotiated and permeabilized with K10 lime and 5% sodium hypochlorite that allowed the blue-methylene dye to be injected into the mesiobuccal canal in maxillary and mandibular molar teeth. They were measured, stabilized and cut 1 mm from the anatomic apex. They were divided into two groups and analysed using a magnifying glass. Results: Of the 60 teeth analysed, 93.3% of the upper teeth and 96.7% of the lower teeth had a canal 1mm from the anatomic apex, P=1,000 (Fisher's exact test). The average distance in millimetres was for Me=0.5mm (95% CI:0.2-0.5) and for Me=0.2mm (95% CI:0-0.5). The minimum distance was 0.0mm and the maximum 1.7mm and 1.1mm for the upper and lower molars, respectively. Conclusions: There is no significant difference in the proportion of cases in which the distance is bigger than 1mm in both groups. The distance from the anatomical foramen of the mesiobuccal canal to the anatomic apex in the lower molars is closer (Me=0.2mm) than in the maxillary molars (Me=0.5mm).