Academic literature on the topic 'Forbes Global List'
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Journal articles on the topic "Forbes Global List"
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Neumayer, Eric. "The super-rich in global perspective: a quantitative analysis of the Forbes list of billionaires." Applied Economics Letters 11, no. 13 (2004): 793–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1350485042000258283.
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Mezinova, Inga Aleksandrovna, Janetta Benikovna Amirkhanyan, Oleg Valerjevich Bodiagin, and Milena Miroslavovna Balanova. "The Relationship between the Country‘s Global Competitiveness and its National MNEs." Visegrad Journal on Bioeconomy and Sustainable Development 8, no. 2 (2019): 87–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/vjbsd-2019-0017.
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Abstract The main purpose of this paper is to study the influence of home-multinational enterprises on country global competitiveness and to determine how this influence changes with the stage of country competitiveness. Based on the regression model, Variance Inflation Factor test and Agglomerative Hierarchical Clustering method, we analyzed the WEF Global Competitiveness Index 2017–2018 of those countries whose multinational firms were included into the Forbes Global 2000 list of 2017. The findings highlighted the important role of home-MNEs as determinants of countries‘ competitiveness, however MNE-related contribution of different pillars and components of the Global Competitiveness Index vary, depending on the stage of competitiveness of the studied 58 countries.
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Tomić, Zoran, and Ognjen Radović. "MODELS OF DISTRIBUTION OF GDP AT THE GLOBAL LEVEL." Facta Universitatis, Series: Economics and Organization, no. 1 (September 26, 2018): 177. http://dx.doi.org/10.22190/fueo1802177t.
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Problem of distribution gathers the attention of researchers for years. In their research they analyze the uniformity of distribution using Pareto model of distribution, the Lorenz curve and the Gini coefficient. Also some authors are testing the applicability of models from statistical physics to the problem of distribution to better describe it. In addition to the analysis of distribution at the level of states and certain groups such as the Forbes list, the problem is spreading to the global level, where we analyze the distribution of GDP as a measure of the wealth of individual countries.In this paper we analyzed the distribution of GDP of countries applying the Pareto model, Lorenz curve, Gini coefficient and Boltzmann Gibbs distribution from statistical physics. The analysis was done for 2015, while the Gini coefficient analysis was done during the period from 1990 to 2015.
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Droulers, Olivier. "Heraldry and brand logotypes: 800 years of color combinations." Journal of Historical Research in Marketing 8, no. 4 (2016): 507–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jhrm-12-2014-0037.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to draw a parallel between color combinations in coats of arms of the twelfth century and color combinations in current brand logotypes of 400 companies from the Forbes Global 2000 list. Design/methodology/approach In this work, the frequency of color combinations displayed in medieval coats of arms and in the brand logotypes of the top 400 largest companies in the Forbes list were compared. Findings One of the main findings of this research is the stability of color usage in two visual identity systems – coats of arms and brand logotypes – although 800 years separate them. In these two identification systems, almost the same colors are preferred or rejected. Yet, even though it is regularly argued that color will submerge the consumption world, this research shows that, in the twenty-first century, visual identities of brands are rather less colorful than medieval coats of arms: nowadays, at a global level, half of the logotypes are formed with white combined with red and/or blue. Originality/value By drawing a parallel between two visual identification systems that are coats of arms and logotypes, the results from this study highlight the stability in color usage and color combinations along the centuries. Thus, it seems that modern analysis of color combination practices could greatly benefit from the history and historical evolution of coats of arms. Far from being out of date, the study of coats of arms can provide marketers with interesting insights about the rules and implementation of color combinations when designing logotypes.
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Kao, Fang Chen, Thanh Nhan Dinh, and Anh Thi Truc Nguyen. "Evaluation Model and Decision Analysis of Digital Firms Ranked in Forbes’ Top Companies." Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society 2022 (October 7, 2022): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/2722914.
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This study evaluates the profitability and marketability efficiencies of digital firms ranked in Forbes’ list of top companies by using a two-stage network data envelopment analysis (DEA) model with multiplicative efficiency aggregation under the second-order cone programming (SOCP) and examines the respective impacts of the 1995–2001 dot-com bubble and the 2007–2009 global financial crisis on the companies’ efficiencies by applying impulse response function (IRF) analysis. The data of our 49 sampled companies are derived from the Compustat database. The covered period is 1999–2018. These results present the stable and increasing improvement of profitability and marketability efficiencies; in addition, two crisis events have no significant impact on the performance of digital firms. This research is supposed to offer a reasonable and objective evaluation model to measure the performance of digital firms, providing the managers and investors a reference for making their decision.
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Sanghavi, R. K. "KNOWLEDGE-BASED VS EVIDENCE-BASED – COULD SPELL THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN HEALTH & ILL-HEALTH!" INDIAN DRUGS 58, no. 09 (2021): 5–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.53879/id.58.09.p0005.
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Dear Reader, It has been so truly said by Otto von Bismarck [former President of Prussia (German State) in 19th century] — ‘Only a fool learns from his own mistakes. The wise man learns from the mistakes of others.’ It is the 10% existent wise men that lead - 90% trudge behind as followers – be it the political scenario, spiritual realm or world of science. Wise men become powerful and in the current Forbes list of such top 10 are 6 politicians, 1 religious head & 3 mega global entrepreneurs. In enterprises, when it comes to science and discovery, only 3 out of the top 10 have excelled in contributing to the world of medicine! Leaders are rare & leaders in medical domain are even rarer!
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Amran, Azlan, Yashar Salamzadeh, and Athivagar Athinarayanan. "Climate Change Adaptation Disclosure Among the Companies in the Asia-Pacific Region." International Journal of Asian Business and Information Management 12, no. 3 (2021): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijabim.294096.
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Climate change, due to its significant global impact, has been the focus of many recent researches. Many businesses adapt their activities to be more compliant with climate change control, and these efforts are disclosed to the stakeholders and society at large. This research is conducted on leading companies in the Asia-Pacific (APEC) region from the Forbes Global 2000 Leading Companies list, from 13 APEC countries Beside the impact of culture, Based on the results, the presence of CSR committee is positively related to the climate change adaptation disclosure and Companies collaborating with NGOs reported a positive relationship with climate change adaptation. Conducting our study in APEC region and having a comprehensive view on the countries located in this region on one hand and considering the most successful companies on the other hand are among the originalities of our research. Also considering variables such as national culture, NGO alliances, CSR committees and top management’s commitment beside “climate change adaptation disclosure” is new in academic literature.
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Melinda Haryanto, Calvina,. "Determinants And Impact Of CSR Assurance: Empirical Study In Public Companies In 2016." Jurnal Akuntansi 23, no. 1 (2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.24912/ja.v23i1.439.
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This study aims to examine the influence of industry type, leverage, operational coverage on CSR Assurance and CSR Assurance impact on firm value. The population of this research is a public company contained in the list of Forbes Global 2000 in 2016. Samples taken in this study as many as 200 samples by using purposive sampling method. The analysis model used in this research is logistic regression model and multiple linear regression model. The results showed that industry type and operational coverage proved to have a significant positive effect on CSR Assurance. However, leverage is not proven to have a significant negative effect on CSR Assurance, but research results show that leverage has a significant positive effect on CSR Assurance. In addition, CSR Assurance proved to have a significant positive effect on company value.
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del Castillo-Mussot, Marcelo, Jeb Sprague, and Alfredo de la Lama Garcia. "Global Capitalism and “North-South” Unevenness: In Light of Ranking, Statistical Correlations, and Profits from the Forbes’ Worldwide List of 2000 Top Firms." Perspectives on Global Development and Technology 12, no. 1-2 (2013): 219–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15691497-12341252.
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Abstract While a ‘north-south divide’ in world capitalism has been pointed to for many years, in this article we examine how this unevenness continues in today’s epoch of capitalist globalization. To examine this phenomenon, we analyze a recent Forbes Magazine annual ranking of the leading 2000 companies in the world (G2000), by grouping or ‘boxing’ these companies by their 62 domiciles to calculate aggregated sales, profits, assets and market value and correlating these quantities with the GDP of the corresponding domicile. This is an approximation to reality, since the variety of transnational capital and associated global processes make it nowadays problematic to assign national labels to capital. Regardless of where the whole business circuit takes place, we found that the GDP of each country is directly proportional, more or less, to the economic strength of all G2000 top firms based or registered in that country. These proportionalities tend to hover around a certain level globally, yet the correlation is lower for the ‘global south’ (as some describe it). We can also identify important regional variations of ratios such as profits/sales. Other ratios could also be easily calculated from our results. Together these findings help lead to a more nuanced understanding of transnational corporations (TNCs), but also suggest more basically, for instance, that the ‘global north’ remains to some degree more penetrated by TNCs (of the G2000).
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Pham, Thanh Trung, Dr Thi Thanh Do, Dr Thi Thanh Hai Dinh, and Dr Thi Thanh Van Nguyen. "The Impact of Communication Skills on Students Entering the Labor Market: Bibliometric Analysis from Scopus Database Over Two Decades (2005-2024)." International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science IX, no. V (2025): 4162–75. https://doi.org/10.47772/ijriss.2025.905000317.
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Research from the Scopus database (2005–2024) and recent labor market analysis confirm that communication skills maintain their status as “survival skills” in the digital age. According to LinkedIn, 2024 marks the second consecutive year that this skill holds the number 1 position on the list of globally sought-after skills ( Forbes – Communication Top Skills 2024 ). Data from 57% of international employers shows that they prioritize candidates with multidimensional communication skills (including digital and non-verbal) over professional qualifications ( Workplace Communication Statistics 2025 ). This trend is particularly prominent in the global healthcare sector , where professionals need to combine cross-cultural communication to handle emergency situations and care for multi-national patients. A notable contradiction emerges when 35% of 2024 graduates are assessed as severely lacking in complex communication skills such as multi-party negotiation and data presentation ( Forbes – 2024 Graduates’ Skill Gaps ). This reflects the gap between university training and actual requirements, although 72% of top universities have integrated the “cross-disciplinary communication” model into the curriculum. The solution is being shaped through the hybrid communication trend , combining direct methods with AI platforms to simulate multicultural situations, helping students practice communication reflexes in a multidimensional environment. Geographical analysis shows that North America still accounts for 58% of high-quality research on the topic, but Asia is accelerating with a publication rate of 29%/year thanks to education policies focusing on 4.0 generation soft skills . Notably, 38% of recent international publications focus on organizational communication , reflecting the urgent need to build an open corporate culture in a context where 55% of global employees demand increased multi-dimensional dialogue with leaders (AxiosHQ – Internal Communication Trends ).
Books on the topic "Forbes Global List"
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Michalopoulos, Constantine. Ending Global Poverty. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198850175.001.0001.
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Ending poverty is a noble goal, relevant today as much as it was two decades ago when four women rose to prominent positions in their government and decided to make it their central objective. As the world strives to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals, we may find inspiration in the work of Eveline Herfkens from the Netherlands, Hilde F. Johnson from Norway, Clare Short from the United Kingdom, and Heidemarie Wieczorek-Zeul from Germany who became ministers in charge of their governments’ international development policies in 1997–8. They believed that the best way to end global poverty was to join forces in changing the policies of the international institutions where decisions affecting the poor all over the world are made and to reform donor countries development programmes. They came to be known as the Utstein Four, after the Norwegian Utstein Abbey where they formalized their collaboration in 1999. They called their collaboration ‘a conspiracy of implementation’ to contrast their action-oriented approach with the lofty pronouncements leaders agree to in big global conferences only to forget them when they return home. This volume discusses Utstein’s many contributions ranging from helping relieve the poorest countries of their debt, using debt relief to actually lift individuals out of poverty, achieving primary education for all, especially girls, and putting developing country partners in charge of setting priorities and implementing programmes of assistance. It is a story of women’s empowerment which lasted for only about half a dozen years as the original Utstein Four moved on to other positions. But their influence continues to be felt because their approach to improve aid effectiveness was codified in international agreements and practices of global institutions. The last part of the book discusses the legacy of the Utstein group and the lessons that their experience offers to the continuing challenges of eradicating poverty and achieving sustainable development.
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Schwartz, David Asa. Modern Sports around the World. ABC-CLIO, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798400686955.
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Sports have become an international spectacle that influences nations’ foreign policy, world economies, and regional morale. Hundreds of billions of dollars are at stake as governments and multinational corporations rush to make sure they have a place at the table. And yet, sports come from humble beginnings. We are fascinated by who can run the fastest, lift the most weight, jump the highest, swim the farthest, and act with the most precision. The history of sports is the history of the world. Modern Sports around the World examines 50 of the world’s most popular sports. Each chapter features one sport and details that sport’s origins, global migration, economic forces, media influences, political environment, pop-culture inspirations, scandalous moments, and key individuals. Sports history is a tapestry of sociological variables; Modern Sports around the World weaves them together to create a unique history book that explains not only where humanity has been, but where it might be going.
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Miller, Glen, Helena Mateus Jerónimo, and Qin Zhu, eds. Thinking through Science and Technology. The Rowman & Littlefield Publishing Group, 2023. https://doi.org/10.5040/9798881817640.
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Groundbreaking in its range of disciplines and cultural backgrounds, Thinking through Science and Technology explores how individual and societal beliefs, values, and actions are transformed by science, technology, and engineering. Practical and theoretical insights from philosophers, policymakers, STS scholars, and engineers illuminate the promise, perils, and paradoxes that arise with technoscientific change. This collection of original research develops a philosophical understanding of technology and its inscription in a wider web of social and political meanings, values, and civilizational change. It explores foundational beliefs at the core of engineering education and practice, with an emphasis on the movement of ideas between Western and Chinese scholars, as well as the complex interwoven relationship between ideas from religion, science, and technology as they have evolved in the West. Contributors also critically examine the forces and frameworks that shape the development and evaluation of scientific practice and the innovation and adoption of technology, with an emphasis on national and global policy. The volume offers a critical and timely reflection on science and technology that counters trends toward technological optimism, on the one hand, and disciplinary and cultural regionalization, on the other. Chapters written by prominent and promising scholars from around the world make this a global resource; its breadth and clarity make it a superb introduction for those new to its fields. It serves as an essential reference for established scholars as well as anyone seeking a more comprehensive understanding of social and technoscientific entanglements that permeate contemporary life. List of contributors: Gordon Akon-Yamga, Jennifer Karns Alexander, Andoni Alonso, Pamela Andanda, Larry Arnhart, Li Bocong, Albert Borgmann, Adam Briggle, Jose A. López Cerezo, Mark Coeckelbergh, Daniel Cérézuelle, Neelke Doorn, Jean-Pierre Dupuy, Andrew Feenberg, Jose Luís Garcia, Tricia Glazebrook, Janna van Grunsven, J. Britt Holbrook, Helena Jerónimo, Tong LI, Yongmou LIU, Lavinia Marin, Glen Miller, Carl Mitcham, Suzanne Moon, Byron Newberry, Jean Robert, Sabine Roeser, Taylor Stone, Sajay Samuel, Daniel Sarewitz, Jen Schneider, José Antonio Ullate, Carlos Verdugo-Serna, Nan WANG.
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Duquaine-Watson, Jillian M. Prescription for Inequality. Bloomsbury Publishing Inc, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798765109984.
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This book explores how social determinants of health (SDH) impact the health of a variety of marginalized demographic groups in the United States. Chapters focus on the 13 groups that research demonstrates are most disadvantaged by SDH and, consequently, who suffer the most from ongoing health disparities in America. This includes Black and Hispanic individuals, the LGBTQIA+ community, women, the elderly, people with disabilities, veterans, and those living in rural areas, among others. Chapters follow a standardized format that makes it easy for readers to focus in on aspects of the subject that are of greatest interest. Each profile begins with a snapshot of that group’s current state of health, including the biggest medical concerns and how other determinants of health may play a role. Next, each chapter takes an in-depth look at the four components of SDH: economic factors, educational access and quality, healthcare access and quality, and living environment and social context. Unique problems and possible solutions are explored within each of these four sections. An end-of-volume bibliography and further readings list points readers who wish to continue their investigation of the topic toward additional information. Relying on an interdisciplinary framework, the book incorporates research from diverse fields including public health, feminist theory, critical studies of race and ethnicity, poverty studies, disability studies, aging studies, cultural competence, legal studies, and global health. In recognition of the reality that health disparities are the result of a complex interplay of forces and structural factors that permeate American culture, analysis extends beyond health and health care to include a broad range of interrelated social, political, economic, and educational components.
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McLaughlin, Sean J. JFK and de Gaulle. University Press of Kentucky, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5810/kentucky/9780813177748.001.0001.
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This book explores French president Charles de Gaulle’s frank, persistent, and discrete campaign to dissuade President Kennedy from expanding the American military/economic aid program in Vietnam from their first summit meeting between in May 1961 up until Kennedy green-lit a coup against South Vietnamese president Ngo Dinh Diem in the late summer of 1963. There were many thorny issues that complicated the Franco-American relationship in the early 1960s—ranging from nuclear policy, British entry into the European Economic Community (EEC), and conditions for negotiating with Moscow—but Vietnam was the one case where de Gaulle was unquestionably right and Kennedy terribly wrong in hindsight. Kennedy’s decision to ignore de Gaulle on this matter was far costlier than any other, setting off a chain of events that resulted in the deaths of over 58,000 American soldiers, turned hundreds of thousands of Vietnamese into refugees, and dealt a massive blow to American prestige across the globe. Despite de Gaulle’s efforts to constructively share French experience and use his resources to help engineer an American exit, the Kennedy administration responded to his peace initiatives with bitter silence and inaction. In the end, the Kennedy administration assumed that it was uniquely qualified to win “hearts and minds” in the Third World, while the discredited imperialists in the Élysée in Paris had lost their right to formulate Western policy in Southeast Asia by virtue of a long string of humiliating military defeats in their former colonies.
Book chapters on the topic "Forbes Global List"
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Zapata-Barrero, Ricard, and Evren Yalaz. "Qualitative Methods in Migration Research." In IMISCOE Research Series. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-92377-8_25.
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AbstractThe unprecedented demographic transformations due to global human mobility and its multifaceted social, political, and economic consequences in both countries of reception and origin, have motivated an increase of interest in having reliable information and deeper knowledge about migratory patterns and the subsequent accommodation of diversity issues both by policymakers and scholars. This is especially true considering that there is a general consensus that this phenomenon is a long-term trend of our more recent history, and it is featured by being complex and unpredictable while giving rise to a permanent atmosphere of uncertainty. We need methodological tools for increasing the understanding of our basic questions on why people move, why they move to certain countries rather than others, what we can do about forced migrants’ vulnerable situations, and how we can link cohesion and diversity, human rights, and security, and a long list of issues and frameworks that shape migration studies today. To have a universal toolkit for producing knowledge is almost a naive request. What we have learned after several decades of research is that migration research needs to be sited and contextualised (King, 2018), and always placed within a given process (Zapata-Barrero, 2018). Most migration-related problems have to do with how people perceive them and behave accordingly, rather than having objective value-free understandings. In other words, migration research is mostly about interpretations rather than facts. Hence, there is an importance to digging into a methodological technique that has a particular role in producing knowledge by analysing how people, institutions, and governments interpret human mobility and diversity dynamics.
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"List of Figures and Tables." In A Global Force. Edinburgh University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9781474402743-001.
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Castellani, Brian. "Making the Global Complexity Turn in Population Health." In Complex Systems and Population Health. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190880743.003.0019.
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While the story of population health in the 20th century is one of tremendous success, at the global level (and across various countries) it presently faces a crisis of complexity, due in large measure to the forces of globalization. In response, a growing network of researchers have called for the field of population health to make the “complexity turn” to the complexity sciences. To do so, however, a list of challenges need to be addressed. In this chapter, the author uses a complex systems perspective to critically review how the current conventions of population health—from policy and interventions to research design and methods to accepted standards of practice and education—can be advanced to more effectively deal with its crisis of complexity. The review takes the form of a “top 10” list of critiques.
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Daly, Jonathan. "Frontier Agriculture and the Creation of Global Neo-Europes." In The Oxford Handbook of Agricultural History. Oxford University Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190924164.013.29.
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Abstract In the late nineteenth century, five countries topped the list of global wheat exporters: Russia, the United States, Canada, Argentina, and Australia. All five benefited from ongoing technological innovations but could not have become breadbaskets of the world without some of the richest grassland on the planet. Their global output was spurred in large part by the booming industrial economy requiring vastly more grain for burgeoning urban labor forces. Although the Soviet collectivization drive derailed the Russian agricultural colossus, it was back on track and had reached the number one position in world wheat exports by 2018. The other four early breadbaskets remained in the top six, suggesting something like an environmental determinism at work.
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Morse, Julia C. "Cross-Border Banking in a Globalized Era." In The Bankers' Blacklist. Cornell University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501761515.003.0001.
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This introductory chapter provides an overview of the link between cross-border banking and domestic policy. Every country in the world relies on bank-to-bank networks for some type of commerce, and it is this near-universal dependence that makes it a uniquely powerful tool of pressure. Countries may be able to forgo foreign investment or sell bonds to domestic markets, but governments cannot afford to be cut off from the global banking community. For this reason, bank networks and operating practices can have profound effects on the domestic policies of states. The chapter describes the Financial Action Task Force's (FATF) noncomplier list, which showcases the power of globalized finance. By avoiding sanctions or direct coercive action, the FATF's noncomplier list preserves a veneer of bureaucratic authority and technocratic monitoring that protects it from easy critiques. The book continues furrther to examine the effects and implications of this unofficial market enforcement process.
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Nair, Bipithalal Balakrishnan. "Heal and Revive." In Global Developments in Healthcare and Medical Tourism. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-9787-2.ch012.
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During the past decade, health and wellness tourism has become one of the top categories of tourism across the globe. On the other hand, academic deliberations are forged about the classifications and elucidations to differentiate the key terms concomitant with the wellness tourism sector. Arguably, due to the high market competition, the majority of the wellness/wellbeing/health tourism products are closely related and used interchangeably. Therefore, this study attempts to discourse the contemporary trends and developments in Kerala. As the forerunner for Ayurveda tourism and as one of the popular wellness tourist destinations, Kerala persists in the top list. Though, compared to other destinations, there are minimal tourism-oriented researcher studies were conducted. To attend this gap, this chapter explores the wellness sector of Kerala in terms of recent trends and developments. Interestingly, the tourism sector of Kerala observed to be dynamic and innovative by combining various tourism attributes offer a unique experience to the visitors.
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Rubio, Antonio Daniel Juan. "The Use of Stories in English to Educate in Values in Primary Education." In Global Perspectives on Value Education in Primary School. IGI Global, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-6684-9295-6.ch002.
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Reading encouragement is a transversal subject present throughout the entire educational stage of any student from early childhood education through primary education to Secondary Education and higher education. In this chapter, the authors intersperse the pleasure of reading in another language (English) and the reflection on the values transmitted by each of the selected stories. The main purpose is to teach a list of values to students in primary education but using this selection of stories as a basis to reach the internalization of these values. We cannot forget that they are still children and that we have to adapt the contents and learning channels to their evolutionary stage. By using fantastic characters, the concepts are extrapolated in a different way, making it easier for children to internalize the values. Therefore, the main objective of this work is to implement a didactic proposal based on the use of stories in English for values education in a group of children in the fifth grade of primary school.
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Payne, Leigh A., Laura Bernal-Bermúdez, and Gabriel Pereira. "Archimedes’ Lever: An Alternative Conceptual Framework for Understanding Corporate Accountability for Human Rights Violations." In Economic Actors and the Limits of Transitional Justice. British Academy, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5871/bacad/9780197267264.003.0002.
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The chapter develops the theoretical framework guiding the volume. That framework adapts the notion of an Archimedes’ Lever: that even weak actors (victims of business and human rights abuses in the Global South) with effective tools (institutional innovation) and the fulcrum in the right position (contexts favouring corporate human rights accountability), can lift up heavy weights (human rights accountability for economic actors' abuses) from under opposing forces (veto players in the business community and their allies). This ‘from below’ process challenges two existing frameworks. It first questions whether the transitional justice focus on the importance of international pressure is useful when such pressure has been very weak with regard to corporate accountability for past human rights abuses. It secondly disputes the business and human rights 'bottom up' approach that advances foreign courts in the Global North as the protagonists of corporate human rights accountability when the dynamism resides in Global South courts. The chapter introduces the set of factors that have led to corporate accountability in the world and the obstacles that have prevented it.
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Mérand, Frédéric. "No representation without taxation." In The Political Commissioner. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192893970.003.0009.
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In addition to economic and financial affairs, Moscovici was in charge of taxation and customs union. In recent years, there have been growing calls for and initiatives to harmonize tax rules at the global level. Now, the day Juncker and Moscovici came to office, the EU was marred by tax scandals, notably in Juncker’s home country, Luxembourg. This chapter describes how the commissioner and his staff, alongside Competition commissioner Margarethe Vestager, forged an alliance with civil society groups and members of the European Parliament to adopt a series of new legislation against tax evasion, including a list of tax havens. They did so despite the need for unanimity in the Council and against the will of several member states such as the Netherlands. The chapter also recounts the Moscovici cabinet’s political role on two seemingly technical issues: the reform of the Value Added Tax code and the impact of Brexit on the customs union.
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Gietel-Basten, Stuart, and Tomáš Sobotka. "Future Fertility in Low Fertility Countries." In World Population & Human Capital in the Twenty-First Century. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198813422.003.0007.
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The ongoing transition to low fertility is, alongside the long-term expansion of life expectancy, the key force reshaping populations around the world. It has sweeping economic and social repercussions as it affects labour markets, intergenerational ties, gender relations, and public policies. Many middle-income countries, including China, Brazil, Iran, and Turkey, have joined the expanding list of low fertility countries. Consequently, low fertility is no longer an exclusive feature of rich Western societies. As close to half of the global population now lives in regions with below replacement fertility, low fertility has become a truly global phenomenon. What are the key ingredients of this ‘revolutionary’ change? Expanding education, rising income, the rise of gender equality, female labour force participation, ideational changes, consumerism, urbanization, family disintegration, economic uncertainty, globalization, modern contraception, and many other complementary or contrasting forces are often highlighted. But how will these drivers shape the long-term future of fertility? Will fertility in most countries stabilize at around the replacement level threshold, as implied by the demographic transition theory, or will it decline below this level? Is very low fertility merely a ‘passing phenomenon’, a sign of a temporary imbalance between rapid social and economic changes and opportunities on the one hand, and family, gender relations, and reproduction on the other? This chapter aims to present both a comprehensive overview of the forces shaping contemporary reproductive behaviour in low fertility countries and an exploration of possible future scenarios based upon a new IIASA–Oxford survey of international experts introduced in Chapter 2 of this volume. We begin with a presentation of recent trends in fertility in low fertility settings followed by a review of the particular recent histories of fertility change in North America, Europe, and the emerging low fertility settings in East Asia, Latin America, and the Middle East. We then explore the theoretical and empirical evidence that has been cited in the literature as underpinning these past trends and possible future scenarios. As well as ‘meta-theories’ such as the Second Demographic Transition (SDT), section 3.2 considers the roles played by cultural, biomedical, and economic factors, family policies, economic uncertainty, education, and the contribution of migrants’ fertility.
Conference papers on the topic "Forbes Global List"
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Teng, Yunfei, Liang Cheng, Hongwei An, et al. "Hydrodynamic Forces on Intermittently Spanning Pipelines in Steady Currents." In ASME 2019 38th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2019-95585.
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Abstract Experimental investigations on the hydrodynamic forces on an intermittently spanning pipeline exposed to steady currents were carried out. The effect of intermittent local spanning sections on the global hydrodynamic behavior was studied by changing the ratio between the non-spanning length (B) and the total length (L), namely the blocking ratio B / L. A range of gap height (G) to diameter (D) ratios, i.e. gap ratio G / D, and 4 different Reynolds numbers (Re) in the subcritical region were tested in the experiments. The results show: i) for a certain gap ratio, the mean drag increases gently with the decreasing blocking ratio at Re = 5.5 × 104, whereas the mean lift decreases significantly with the decreasing blocking ratio at all values of Re tested; and ii) for a certain blocking ratio, increasing the gap ratio leads to an increase in mean drag and decrease in mean lift. Further, simple approaches are proposed based on the present dataset for estimating the global effects on hydrodynamic drag and lift forces due to local spanning geometry.
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Gavin Surjadi, Frederick, Farid Putra Bakti, Chungkuk Jin, and Pandu Kristian Prayoga Simamora. "Global Response Performance of HDPE Based Offshore Floating Solar Farm by Using Beam-Floater Model." In ASME 2024 43rd International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2024-126115.
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Abstract This study investigates the hydrodynamic and structural behavior of floating photovoltaics (FPV) equipped with floaters made of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) in marine environments. A comprehensive time-domain dynamics simulation of coupled FPV is executed to analyze the interactions among floaters, connectors, mooring lines, and PV modules. The HDPE floater is represented by a 6-degree-of-freedom (6DOF) non-diffracting buoy, interconnected by beam elements to capture elastic behavior. The PV module is positioned on the floater and modeled as a wing component with consideration for wind drag and lift forces. Multiple mooring lines, strategically placed on all sides of the FPV, serve the purpose of station-keeping. The study evaluates the tension in mooring lines and the bending moments of floaters using statistical values, response amplitude operators (RAOs), time histories, and spectra. The findings indicate that low-frequency excitation emerges as a pivotal factor influencing structural dynamics, primarily due to significant flexibility. The proposed design demonstrates superior performance in low-sea states.
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Martins, M. A. D., L. L. Aguiar, B. D. Sena, and J. A. M. Muñoz. "Numerical-Experimental Study of Global Buckling in Catenary Risers." In ASME 2020 39th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2020-19209.
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Abstract Risers are critical structures for the offshore oil and gas industry connecting floating production platforms to seabed equipment for production, injection and export functions, often through catenary configurations. The effect of external flow induced vibrations (VIV) and the occurrence of buckling are critical factors to lifespan of these structures. Therefore, the consistent evaluation of these factors is a strategic issue. Software for riser structural analysis usually employs Morison’s equation [1] to evaluate hydrodynamic forces along riser structure. Although this methodology is well established, their results are potentially conservative due to simplifications, besides not including lift forces. The present work employs an alternative methodology to calculate hydrodynamic loading on risers, based on the discrete vortex method (DVM) [2]. The DVM uses the Lagrangian approach in the vortex modeling, for incompressible, two-dimensional flows with regions of high vorticity and with dominant convective effect over the viscous one. The method creates and moves vortices along the riser wall perimeter, updates wake vortices at every time step considering the Biot-Savart law and calculates circulation by imposing the zero normal velocity condition on the riser wall. The structural analysis software, based on finite element method (FEM), Anflex [3], drives the DVM algorithm. Anflex applies an implicit time integration algorithm based on Newmark method together with three-dimensional nonlinear Euler beam elements with large displacements. This coupling occurs by modeling the flow in two-dimensional domains, called DVM planes, associated with each structural finite element along riser structure. The flow through DVM planes is responsible for the hydrodynamic forces on the structure, which in turn interferes with the fluid flow by structure displacements, performing a two-way coupling process [4]. This work presents experimental model results of a free catenary riser subjected to top-end displacements in still water, and compares them to numerical results obtained by Anflex/DVM. The experimental riser model is 41.45 m long under a 14.5 m water depth. Two-dimensional AMTI load cells [5] measured the catenary top force values and MCS Qualisys camera system [6] captured displacements on 40 points along the riser model. LabOceano hydrodynamic tank [7] performed the tests. The results comprised out-of-plane catenary vibration, catenary top force, and deformed configuration with global buckling at touch down point region (TDP). The experimental results showed significant self-induced vibrations due to the vertical movements applied at top connection, which indicated that the global buckling at TDP is highly influenced by these vibrations. Numerical analysis using Anflex/DVM showed good agreement with the experimental results. Anflex/DVM satisfactorily captured TDP buckling, which did not occur for the model based on Morison’s equation. These results indicated that the DVM-based method leads to more realistic dynamic responses, when compared to Morison’s equation. This paper defines global buckling as the dynamic wavy configuration that takes place at the TDP region of the riser under compression loading due to the vertical movement imposed at the riser top.
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Chikhladze, Nikoloz, and Gocha Ugulava. "Georgia's Export Challenges in the Context of Increasing Global Security Risks." In V National Scientific Conference. Grigol Robakidze University, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.55896/978-9941-8-5764-5/2023-95-112.
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Despite the general trend of liberalization of foreign trade of goods and services in most countries of the world, this process is characterized by different intensity in different countries and requires taking into account the features of national and regional models of economic development. However, the existing legal field of the World Trade Organization (WTO) in terms of export promotion significantly limits the possibility of using it in international trade for individual countries. Under such circumstances, countries are forced to look for new legal ways to support domestic exporters. In particular, the need for state support for export in many developing countries is due to the fact that in world practice, despite the requirements of the WTO, there are contradictions between economically developed countries (unions) and developing countries. Differences in the national economic interests of different countries in the field of foreign trade give rise to conflicts of interests, the intensity of which led to the necessity of institutionalization of opportunities for the harmonization of interests within the framework of the WTO. Despite the efforts of multilateral trading system institutions and regional trade associations, the list of protectionist barriers that prevent the free movement of goods, capital and people is growing. This is confirmed by the practice of using various taxes and quotas, technical restrictions on imports (introduction of safety norms or standards that differ from those established in the exporting countries), as well as establishing fiscal, legislative, and administrative barriers. The paper examines the main trends of Georgia's exports and highlights the main challenges in the conditions of increasing global security risks. Keywords: Export, Global Security, Foreign Trade.
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Tatarinova, Elena A., Svetlana M. Sycheva, Tatiana V. Mezina, Ekaterina A. Khalimon, and Danijela Cirić Lalić. "Gamification technologies in staff training of Russian and foreign companies." In Sustainable and Innovative Development in the Global Digital Age. Dela Press Publishing House, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.56199/dpcsebm.hnvn9756.
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This article examines the feasibility and effectiveness of introducing gamification technologies into the educational process, which is the use of game mechanisms, principles and tools to solve real non-game problems and problems in various areas of public life. The conducted research is a meta-analysis of the current experience of gamification application, obtained from numerous international scientific studies, practical cases and reports of companies. The collected data show an important practical understanding of the application of gamification in the processes of planning and implementing projects, staff education and motivation, customer attraction and retention through loyalty programs. The influence of gamification technologies on the processes of cognition and learning is proved thanks to hardware studies of the brain activity of students during the game exercises using electroencephalography, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). As a result of the study of the effects of gamification in terms of improving productivity through perceptual learning, conclusions were made that formed the basis for a generalized list of opportunities for using gamification elements in companies. The study systematized the practical results presented by case studies of companies and educational literature, which considered the results of the application of gamification as mostly positive.
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Zhou, Bin. "Risk Analysis of Power-Gen Gas Turbines With GADS Outage Data." In ASME 2017 Power Conference Joint With ICOPE-17 collocated with the ASME 2017 11th International Conference on Energy Sustainability, the ASME 2017 15th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology, and the ASME 2017 Nuclear Forum. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power-icope2017-3086.
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According to FM Global proprietary data, power-gen gas turbine losses have consistently represented a dominant share of the overall equipment-based loss value over the past decade. Effective assessment of loss exposure or risk related to gas turbines has become and will continue to be a critical but challenging task for property insurers and their clients. Such systematic gas turbine risk assessment is a necessary step to develop strategies for turbine risk mitigation and loss prevention. This paper presents a study of outage data from the Generating Availability Data System (GADS) by the North American Electric Reliability Corporation (NERC). The risk of forced outages in turbines was evaluated in terms of outage days and number of outages per unit-year. In order to understand the drivers of the forced outages, the influence of variables including turbine age, capacity, type, loading characteristic, and event cause codes were analyzed by grouping the outage events based on the chosen values (or ranges of values) of these variables. A list of major findings related to the effect of these variables on the risk of forced outage is discussed.
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Sareen, Harpreet, Yibo Fu, and Yasuaki Kakehi. "Ephemera: Bubble Representations as Metaphors for Endangered Species." In 28th International Symposium on Electronic Art. Ecole des arts decoratifs - PSL, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.69564/isea2023-26-short-sareen-et-al-ephemera.
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SHORT PAPER. The effects of a hierarchical relationship of humans with non-humans are now more pronounced than ever. Anthropogenic ecological stressors, including high levels of carbon dioxide, water scarcity, habitat fragmentation have led to disruption of climate systems, in turn endangering many local and global species. ephemera is an installation composed of glass vessels that show bubble images representing animals from all continents and ecologies currently under threat as per the IUCN Red list. These self-assembling bubble pictures, formed by nucleation of CO2 bubbles in water, are in a homeostasis at the beginning of the installation and shrink each hour to eventually disappear in a few days. The tension between the present endangerment and the urgency of the future action, manifests in the shrinking of these bubbles, invoking unnatural ephemerality due to the human effect. The fauna pictures in this installation, composed of carbon dioxide bubbles, symbolize the transitoriness of now threatened species.
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Hillier, Jill, Wayne Bruce, James Arnold, and Marc Delot. "Intervention Multi-Skilled Crew Reduces Personnel on Board, Footprint and Costs." In SPE/ICoTA Well Intervention Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/204439-ms.
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Abstract This paper will highlight the advantages of multi-skilling intervention personnel on offshore installations. Crew members are from different service lines including Wireline, Slickline, Coiled Tubing and Gas Lift (completions). It will discuss how a multi-skilled crew is formed, specific scenarios on how they are utilized and how to develop and maintain the competencies of these personnel. Through Multi-skilling personnel there is a potential to reduce crew sizes up to 50% for some standard intervention operations. Multi-skilling personnel during the 2020/2021 global pandemic has become critical as personnel movements across regions have become limited or nonexistent in some cases. Reducing personnel on board has several benefits including lower personnel and logistics costs, lower carbon footprint of transportation of personnel, higher utilization of personnel, and motivating and retaining high skilled personnel as they learn new skills. It also allows for local personnel to be used for multiple operations permitting lower cost interventions to continue during a major global crisis.
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Arif Ashraf, M., A. A. Khan, and M. D. Salim Miah. "An Overview of Progress in Flapping Wing Power Generation." In International Conference on Marine Engineering and Technology Oman. IMarEST, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.24868/icmet.oman.2019.026.
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Recently, with the increase in power generation and consumption needs of our planet, the global community has been concerned by two major issues: the severe environmental impact of burning fossil fuels and the availability of finite resources of fossil fuel for conventional power generation. These two factors are the main reason behind the search of alternative methods to harvest energy from alternate renewable sources. One such alternate method is the use of bio-inspired unsteady flapping wing power generation which has gained much interest from engineering community. At low Reynolds number, natural flyers and swimmers such as birds, insects and fish employ the unsteady vortices to generate thrust and lift which makes them one the most agile and efficient flyers and swimmers. Better understanding of the aerodynamic forces generation mechanisms associated with the flow over flapping wings can help us develop efficient micro and nano aerial vehicles (MAVs/NAVs) and with the proper phasing between different modes of wing motion, flapping wings can also be employed for the power extraction from low speed river or ocean tidal streams. It has been shown that flapping wing power generators can harness power with comparable efficiencies to that of conventional rotary wind turbines. The aerodynamics forces generation by flapping wings is a complex phenomenon and depends on many parameters like the mode of motion, phase difference between different modes, amplitude of flapping, wing shape and wing flexibility etc. Lately, there has been concerted effort to find the optimal conditions to generate maximum thrust and lift using flapping wings. In this paper, a brief overview of fundamentals of flapping wing aerodynamics and recent advancements in the research and development of the flapping.
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Landstro¨m, Christoffer, Lasse Christoffersen, and Lennart Lo¨fdahl. "Investigation of the Cooling and Underbody Flow Field on a Detailed Scale Model Passenger Car: Part 2—Effect of Ground Simulation." In ASME 2009 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2009-78516.
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Future demands on passenger cars consist to a large extend of making them more energy efficient. Reducing the driving resistance by reducing the aerodynamic drag will be one important part in reducing fuel consumption. In most cases during passenger car development, early experimental investigations are performed in scale model wind tunnels. Considering that such models inevitably suffer from Reynolds number effects it is important to understand how this affects the test results. Investigations of the aerodynamics of a detailed scale model Volvo S60 have been performed in the aerodynamic wind tunnel at Chalmers University of Technology. The investigation aimed at increasing the understanding of how the flow field in scale model testing is affected by ground simulation and different cooling air flow configurations at different Reynolds numbers. A full width moving ground system was used in the experiments. Pressure taps were distributed between the cooling air inlets, the underbody and the vehicle base. An internal six component balance was used to measure global forces and moments. By combining the results from the measurements it was possible to increase the understanding of some of the local flow features. Results showed significant Reynolds number effects both with stationary ground as well as moving ground and rotating wheels. Global aerodynamic drag as well as front and rear axle lift was found to be affected.
Reports on the topic "Forbes Global List"
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Youdelis, Megan, Kim Tran, and Elizabeth Lunstrum. Indigenous-Led Conservation Reading List. Boise State University, Albertsons Library, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18122/environ.8.boisestate.
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This list compiles literature relevant to the bourgeoning Indigenous-led conservation movement, be that through Indigenous Protected and Conserved Areas (IPCAs, Canada), Indigenous and Community Conserved Areas (ICCAs, global), or various other forms of Indigenous-led governance or co-governance mechanisms that elevate Indigenous rights, responsibilities, and legal traditions. The introductory Colonial Conservation section is not exhaustive, but rather provides context for the main import of the collection, which is to highlight the possibilities, successes, and challenges associated with decolonizing conservation through Indigenous-led governance. The list is global in scope but has been shaped by the Indigenous Circle of Experts’ (2018) report, We Rise Together, which provides recommendations for facilitating IPCAs in Canada. The majority of the pieces are peer-reviewed, however some print media has also been included.
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Kindt, Roeland, Ian K Dawson, Jens-Peter B Lillesø, Alice Muchugi, Fabio Pedercini, and James M Roshetko. The one hundred tree species prioritized for planting in the tropics and subtropics as indicated by database mining. World Agroforestry, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5716/wp21001.pdf.
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A systematic approach to tree planting and management globally is hindered by the limited synthesis of information sources on tree uses and species priorities. To help address this, the authors ‘mined’ information from 23 online global and regional databases to assemble a list of the most frequent tree species deemed useful for planting according to database mentions, with a focus on tropical regions. Using a simple vote count approach for ranking species, we obtained a shortlist of 100 trees mentioned in at least 10 of our data sources (the ‘top-100’ species). A longer list of 830 trees that were mentioned at least five times was also compiled. Our ‘top-100’ list indicated that the family Fabaceae (syn. Leguminosae) was most common. The information associated with our mined data sources indicated that the ‘top-100’ list consisted of a complementary group of species of differing uses. These included the following: for wood (mostly for timber) and fuel production, human nutrition, animal fodder supply, and environmental service provision (varied services). Of these uses, wood was most frequently specified, with fuel and food use also highly important. Many of the ‘top-100’ species were assigned multiple uses. The majority of the ‘top-100’ species had weediness characteristics according to ‘attribute’ invasiveness databases that were also reviewed, thereby demonstrating potential environmental concerns associated with tree planting that need to be balanced against environmental and livelihood benefits. Less than half of the ‘top-100’ species were included in the OECD Scheme for the Certification of Forest Reproductive Material, thus supporting a view that lack of germplasm access is a common concern for trees. A comparison of the ‘top-100’ species with regionally-defined tree inventories indicated their diverse continental origins, as would be anticipated from a global analysis. However, compared to baseline expectations, some geographic regions were better represented than others. Our analysis assists in priority-setting for research and serves as a guide to practical tree planting initiatives. We stress that this ‘top-100’ list does not necessarily represent tree priorities for the future, but provides a starting point for also addressing representation gaps. Indeed, our primary concern going forward is with the latter.
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García-Cicco, Javier, and Enrique Kawamura. Central Bank Liquidity Management and "Unconventional" Monetary Policies. Inter-American Development Bank, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0011620.
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This paper presents a small open economy model to analyze the role of central bank liquidity management in implementing "unconventional" monetary policies within an inflation targeting framework. In particular, the paper explicitly models the facilities that the central bank uses to manage liquidity in the economy, which creates a role for the central bank balance sheet in equilibrium. This permits the analysis of two "unconventional" policies: sterilized exchange-rate interventions and expanding the list of eligible collaterals accepted at the liquidity facilities operated by the central bank. These policies have been recently implemented by several central banks: the former as a way to counteract persistent appreciations in the domestic currency, and the latter as a response to the recent global financial crisis in 2008. As a case study, the paper provides a detailed account of the Chilean experience with these alternative tools, as well as a quantitative evaluation of the effects of some of these policies.
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Powers, Claire, Erin Borgman, Daniel Doak, Erin Borgman, Daniel Doak, and Claire Powers. Climate and species traits shape responses of alpine flora in the US Rocky Mountains to a changing world: Analysis of five GLORIA sites across the southern Rockies. National Park Service, 2024. https://doi.org/10.36967/2306920.
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The Global Observation Research Initiative in Alpine Environments (GLORIA) is a world-wide network of sites dedicated to monitoring changes in alpine flora near mountain tops. In this project we analyzed data collected at 5 sets of GLORIA monitoring sites in the Rocky Mountains of the western USA. Each site was visited between 2 and 4 times in the years spanning 2003 to 2021. These sites include four National Parks (Great Sand Dunes National Park and Preserve, Rocky Mountain National Park, Yellowstone National Park, and Glacier National Park) and one wilderness area in the Pecos Wilderness within Santa Fe National Forest. We focused on testing the climatic sensitivity of the alpine flora as a whole, and the relative responsiveness of plant species based upon their commonness or rarity, their geographic ranges, and other aspects of their life forms and of site characteristics. We find that across all sites and species there is strong evidence for turnover of the flora in the GLORIA sampling areas, with rare species disproportionately increasing over time and common species generally declining. We also find that graminoids and shrubs have increased more than forbs, as has been found or suggested in other studies. Multiple climate variables have significant influence on changes in plant cover. In particular, higher annual precipitation increases abundance, on average. Lower growing season precipitation, higher growing degree days (reflecting both warmer temperatures and more days of higher temperatures), and higher mean temperatures also lead to increasing abundance. Also, species with lower latitudinal ranges tended to increase more over time, while species with more northerly ranges often declined. Within these general trends there are substantial differences between species, as indicated by random species-level effects, but there were no strong patterns in these effects that would suggest additional generalizations between species groups. Beyond our findings regarding the drivers of alpine plant dynamics, we examined factors that could potentially add bias or uncertainty to the data sets and made recommendations regarding data collection going forward. Among these suggestions are: 1) that all the NPS GLORIA teams consider consulting with previous species lists when performing field surveys; 2) that redundant temperature data loggers be deployed by at least two team members at each plot; and 3) that a careful training protocol be developed to better standardize cover estimation across parks and censuses. We expand on these recommendations at the end of report.
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Jameel, Yusuf, Paul West, and Daniel Jasper. Reducing Black Carbon: A Triple Win for Climate, Health, and Well-Being. Project Drawdown, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.55789/y2c0k2p3.
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Black carbon – also referred to as soot – is a particulate matter that results from the incomplete combustion of fossil fuels and biomass. As a major air and climate pollutant, black carbon (BC) emissions have widespread adverse effects on human health and climate change. Globally, exposure to unhealthy levels of particulate matter, including BC, is estimated to cause between three and six million excess deaths every year. These health impacts – and the related economic losses – are felt disproportionately by those living in low- and middle-income countries. Furthermore, BC is a potent greenhouse gas with a short-term global warming potential well beyond carbon dioxide and methane. Worse still, it is often deposited on sea ice and glaciers, reducing reflectivity and accelerating melting, particularly in the Arctic and Himalayas. Therefore, reducing BC emissions results in a triple win, mitigating climate change, improving the lives of more than two billion people currently exposed to unclean air, and saving trillions of dollars in economic losses. Today, the majority of BC emissions stem from just a handful of sectors and countries. Over 70% of BC comes from the residential and transportation sectors, with the latter being the dominant source in high-income countries and the former driving emissions in low- and middle-income nations. On a country-level, China and India are the biggest emitters accounting for one-third of global BC emissions. When combined with Brazil, Indonesia, and Nigeria, these five countries alone emit 50% of all BC. While BC emissions trends over the past 20 years have been inconsistent globally, there has been a notable decline in Europe, North America, and China. Conversely, emissions have been rising in regions like Africa, South Asia, and Central Asia. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change recommends deep reductions in BC emissions by 2030 to achieve the Paris Climate Agreement goal of limiting warming to below 1.5°C, yet very few countries have addressed BC in their climate plans. Fortunately, solutions that can rapidly reduce BC emissions by the end of this decade are readily available. By implementing the right policies, deploying targeted interventions in hotspots, and redirecting climate finance, policymakers and funders can mitigate the climate effects of BC while saving millions of lives and trillions of dollars. Below are key recommendations to achieve these aims based on the findings of this report: Urgently implement clean cooking solutions Providing clean cooking fuels and technologies in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia, especially in the hotspots of the Indo-Gangetic Plains, Nigeria, and Uganda, can significantly reduce BC emissions. Countries with low penetration of clean cooking fuel must urgently develop policies that make clean cooking a priority for health and climate. Target transportation to reduce current – and prevent future – emissions Retrofitting older diesel engines with diesel particulate filters can remove up to 95% of BC. Countries around the world must implement policies to phase out polluting vehicles, set emission standards, and accelerate the uptake of EVs and hybrids, especially in urban regions where transportation demand is growing rapidly. A successful shift to EVs demands national investments complemented with international financing and private capital. Multilateral development banks need to play a pivotal role in this transition, with strategies like concessional finance to fast-track key projects and stimulate private sector investment. Reduce BC from the shipping industry BC emissions from the shipping industry must be urgently reduced to protect the Arctic ecosystem. Shifting shipping away from heavy fuel oil and equipping ships with diesel particulate filters is a cost-effective approach that would quickly and significantly reduce emissions. Regulate air quality Stringent emissions standards, clean air laws, baselines, and mandatory monitoring programs can effectively reduce BC emissions. Such policies have already resulted in large reductions in Europe, North America, and, more recently, China. However, several low- and middle-income countries have no legal protection for ambient air quality and lack legislatively-mandated standards. Implementing strong and legally binding policies can result in a large decrease in BC emissions, particularly across the transportation and industry sectors. Include BC in nationally determined contributions and the UNFCCC Only 12 countries have explicitly addressed BC in their nationally determined contributions (NDCs). This limited focus on BC is partly due to its omission from the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change’s (UNFCCC) list of climate pollutants, an oversight that should be reconsidered given that reducing BC would save countless lives and slow global warming. As nations review their NDCs by 2025, they must incorporate BC reduction efforts to meet climate and well-being targets. Improve BC measurements and estimates BC estimates are plagued by uncertainties. Therefore, there is an urgent need for more accurate inventories in order to develop better emission reduction plans. Stakeholders must collaborate to develop a consistent BC measurement protocol, prioritize the collection of high-quality data, and use state of the art models to enhance estimates and reduce uncertainties.