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Neumayer, Eric. "The super-rich in global perspective: a quantitative analysis of the Forbes list of billionaires." Applied Economics Letters 11, no. 13 (2004): 793–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1350485042000258283.
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Mezinova, Inga Aleksandrovna, Janetta Benikovna Amirkhanyan, Oleg Valerjevich Bodiagin, and Milena Miroslavovna Balanova. "The Relationship between the Country‘s Global Competitiveness and its National MNEs." Visegrad Journal on Bioeconomy and Sustainable Development 8, no. 2 (2019): 87–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/vjbsd-2019-0017.
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Abstract The main purpose of this paper is to study the influence of home-multinational enterprises on country global competitiveness and to determine how this influence changes with the stage of country competitiveness. Based on the regression model, Variance Inflation Factor test and Agglomerative Hierarchical Clustering method, we analyzed the WEF Global Competitiveness Index 2017–2018 of those countries whose multinational firms were included into the Forbes Global 2000 list of 2017. The findings highlighted the important role of home-MNEs as determinants of countries‘ competitiveness, however MNE-related contribution of different pillars and components of the Global Competitiveness Index vary, depending on the stage of competitiveness of the studied 58 countries.
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Tomić, Zoran, and Ognjen Radović. "MODELS OF DISTRIBUTION OF GDP AT THE GLOBAL LEVEL." Facta Universitatis, Series: Economics and Organization, no. 1 (September 26, 2018): 177. http://dx.doi.org/10.22190/fueo1802177t.
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Problem of distribution gathers the attention of researchers for years. In their research they analyze the uniformity of distribution using Pareto model of distribution, the Lorenz curve and the Gini coefficient. Also some authors are testing the applicability of models from statistical physics to the problem of distribution to better describe it. In addition to the analysis of distribution at the level of states and certain groups such as the Forbes list, the problem is spreading to the global level, where we analyze the distribution of GDP as a measure of the wealth of individual countries.In this paper we analyzed the distribution of GDP of countries applying the Pareto model, Lorenz curve, Gini coefficient and Boltzmann Gibbs distribution from statistical physics. The analysis was done for 2015, while the Gini coefficient analysis was done during the period from 1990 to 2015.
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Droulers, Olivier. "Heraldry and brand logotypes: 800 years of color combinations." Journal of Historical Research in Marketing 8, no. 4 (2016): 507–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jhrm-12-2014-0037.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to draw a parallel between color combinations in coats of arms of the twelfth century and color combinations in current brand logotypes of 400 companies from the Forbes Global 2000 list. Design/methodology/approach In this work, the frequency of color combinations displayed in medieval coats of arms and in the brand logotypes of the top 400 largest companies in the Forbes list were compared. Findings One of the main findings of this research is the stability of color usage in two visual identity systems – coats of arms and brand logotypes – although 800 years separate them. In these two identification systems, almost the same colors are preferred or rejected. Yet, even though it is regularly argued that color will submerge the consumption world, this research shows that, in the twenty-first century, visual identities of brands are rather less colorful than medieval coats of arms: nowadays, at a global level, half of the logotypes are formed with white combined with red and/or blue. Originality/value By drawing a parallel between two visual identification systems that are coats of arms and logotypes, the results from this study highlight the stability in color usage and color combinations along the centuries. Thus, it seems that modern analysis of color combination practices could greatly benefit from the history and historical evolution of coats of arms. Far from being out of date, the study of coats of arms can provide marketers with interesting insights about the rules and implementation of color combinations when designing logotypes.
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Kao, Fang Chen, Thanh Nhan Dinh, and Anh Thi Truc Nguyen. "Evaluation Model and Decision Analysis of Digital Firms Ranked in Forbes’ Top Companies." Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society 2022 (October 7, 2022): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/2722914.
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This study evaluates the profitability and marketability efficiencies of digital firms ranked in Forbes’ list of top companies by using a two-stage network data envelopment analysis (DEA) model with multiplicative efficiency aggregation under the second-order cone programming (SOCP) and examines the respective impacts of the 1995–2001 dot-com bubble and the 2007–2009 global financial crisis on the companies’ efficiencies by applying impulse response function (IRF) analysis. The data of our 49 sampled companies are derived from the Compustat database. The covered period is 1999–2018. These results present the stable and increasing improvement of profitability and marketability efficiencies; in addition, two crisis events have no significant impact on the performance of digital firms. This research is supposed to offer a reasonable and objective evaluation model to measure the performance of digital firms, providing the managers and investors a reference for making their decision.
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Sanghavi, R. K. "KNOWLEDGE-BASED VS EVIDENCE-BASED – COULD SPELL THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN HEALTH & ILL-HEALTH!" INDIAN DRUGS 58, no. 09 (2021): 5–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.53879/id.58.09.p0005.
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Dear Reader, It has been so truly said by Otto von Bismarck [former President of Prussia (German State) in 19th century] — ‘Only a fool learns from his own mistakes. The wise man learns from the mistakes of others.’ It is the 10% existent wise men that lead - 90% trudge behind as followers – be it the political scenario, spiritual realm or world of science. Wise men become powerful and in the current Forbes list of such top 10 are 6 politicians, 1 religious head & 3 mega global entrepreneurs. In enterprises, when it comes to science and discovery, only 3 out of the top 10 have excelled in contributing to the world of medicine! Leaders are rare & leaders in medical domain are even rarer!
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Amran, Azlan, Yashar Salamzadeh, and Athivagar Athinarayanan. "Climate Change Adaptation Disclosure Among the Companies in the Asia-Pacific Region." International Journal of Asian Business and Information Management 12, no. 3 (2021): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijabim.294096.
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Climate change, due to its significant global impact, has been the focus of many recent researches. Many businesses adapt their activities to be more compliant with climate change control, and these efforts are disclosed to the stakeholders and society at large. This research is conducted on leading companies in the Asia-Pacific (APEC) region from the Forbes Global 2000 Leading Companies list, from 13 APEC countries Beside the impact of culture, Based on the results, the presence of CSR committee is positively related to the climate change adaptation disclosure and Companies collaborating with NGOs reported a positive relationship with climate change adaptation. Conducting our study in APEC region and having a comprehensive view on the countries located in this region on one hand and considering the most successful companies on the other hand are among the originalities of our research. Also considering variables such as national culture, NGO alliances, CSR committees and top management’s commitment beside “climate change adaptation disclosure” is new in academic literature.
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Melinda Haryanto, Calvina,. "Determinants And Impact Of CSR Assurance: Empirical Study In Public Companies In 2016." Jurnal Akuntansi 23, no. 1 (2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.24912/ja.v23i1.439.
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This study aims to examine the influence of industry type, leverage, operational coverage on CSR Assurance and CSR Assurance impact on firm value. The population of this research is a public company contained in the list of Forbes Global 2000 in 2016. Samples taken in this study as many as 200 samples by using purposive sampling method. The analysis model used in this research is logistic regression model and multiple linear regression model. The results showed that industry type and operational coverage proved to have a significant positive effect on CSR Assurance. However, leverage is not proven to have a significant negative effect on CSR Assurance, but research results show that leverage has a significant positive effect on CSR Assurance. In addition, CSR Assurance proved to have a significant positive effect on company value.
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del Castillo-Mussot, Marcelo, Jeb Sprague, and Alfredo de la Lama Garcia. "Global Capitalism and “North-South” Unevenness: In Light of Ranking, Statistical Correlations, and Profits from the Forbes’ Worldwide List of 2000 Top Firms." Perspectives on Global Development and Technology 12, no. 1-2 (2013): 219–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15691497-12341252.
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Abstract While a ‘north-south divide’ in world capitalism has been pointed to for many years, in this article we examine how this unevenness continues in today’s epoch of capitalist globalization. To examine this phenomenon, we analyze a recent Forbes Magazine annual ranking of the leading 2000 companies in the world (G2000), by grouping or ‘boxing’ these companies by their 62 domiciles to calculate aggregated sales, profits, assets and market value and correlating these quantities with the GDP of the corresponding domicile. This is an approximation to reality, since the variety of transnational capital and associated global processes make it nowadays problematic to assign national labels to capital. Regardless of where the whole business circuit takes place, we found that the GDP of each country is directly proportional, more or less, to the economic strength of all G2000 top firms based or registered in that country. These proportionalities tend to hover around a certain level globally, yet the correlation is lower for the ‘global south’ (as some describe it). We can also identify important regional variations of ratios such as profits/sales. Other ratios could also be easily calculated from our results. Together these findings help lead to a more nuanced understanding of transnational corporations (TNCs), but also suggest more basically, for instance, that the ‘global north’ remains to some degree more penetrated by TNCs (of the G2000).
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Pham, Thanh Trung, Dr Thi Thanh Do, Dr Thi Thanh Hai Dinh, and Dr Thi Thanh Van Nguyen. "The Impact of Communication Skills on Students Entering the Labor Market: Bibliometric Analysis from Scopus Database Over Two Decades (2005-2024)." International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science IX, no. V (2025): 4162–75. https://doi.org/10.47772/ijriss.2025.905000317.
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Research from the Scopus database (2005–2024) and recent labor market analysis confirm that communication skills maintain their status as “survival skills” in the digital age. According to LinkedIn, 2024 marks the second consecutive year that this skill holds the number 1 position on the list of globally sought-after skills ( Forbes – Communication Top Skills 2024 ). Data from 57% of international employers shows that they prioritize candidates with multidimensional communication skills (including digital and non-verbal) over professional qualifications ( Workplace Communication Statistics 2025 ). This trend is particularly prominent in the global healthcare sector , where professionals need to combine cross-cultural communication to handle emergency situations and care for multi-national patients. A notable contradiction emerges when 35% of 2024 graduates are assessed as severely lacking in complex communication skills such as multi-party negotiation and data presentation ( Forbes – 2024 Graduates’ Skill Gaps ). This reflects the gap between university training and actual requirements, although 72% of top universities have integrated the “cross-disciplinary communication” model into the curriculum. The solution is being shaped through the hybrid communication trend , combining direct methods with AI platforms to simulate multicultural situations, helping students practice communication reflexes in a multidimensional environment. Geographical analysis shows that North America still accounts for 58% of high-quality research on the topic, but Asia is accelerating with a publication rate of 29%/year thanks to education policies focusing on 4.0 generation soft skills . Notably, 38% of recent international publications focus on organizational communication , reflecting the urgent need to build an open corporate culture in a context where 55% of global employees demand increased multi-dimensional dialogue with leaders (AxiosHQ – Internal Communication Trends ).
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Rao, Mayur. "Financial Statement Analysis of ONGC LTD. with reference to: Horizontal Analysis & Common Size Analysis." Journal of Management and Science 1, no. 2 (2013): 215–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.26524/jms.2013.27.
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ONGC was ranked at 171th position in Forbes Global 2000 list of the worlds‘ biggest companies for 2012. ONGC has grown multifold to become one of the largest Exploration & Production (E&P) companies in the world. The financial statement Analysis of ONGC for 2012 as compared to 2011 will reveal many things.The present paper focuses on comparison of financial statements of ONGC for 2011 & 2012 with Horizontal & Common size analysis. Main objective is to identify various reasons of increase or decrease in variables of financial statements esp. Profit at varied stages, and to conclude financial position.It was found from study that ONGC modifies its capital structure in 2012, by sourcing out more and more funds from own equity. ONGC‘s investment is increased in fixed assets and decreased in liquid asset in 2012 as compared to 2011, concluding much money blockage in illiquid assets. Still ONGC gets nice increase of PAT, which satisfies shareholders & Investors.
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Sudharshan, Prabhu S., and Pai T. Vaikunth. "A Study on Products and Services of HCL Technologies." International Journal of Case Studies in Business, IT and Education (IJCSBE) 2, no. 1 (2018): 45–53. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1253722.
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HCL Technologies Ltd. is an IT Software, service, and consulting company, headquartered at Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India. It is the part of HCL Enterprises Company. In 1976, a group of six engineers started a company that would make personal computers and the group was led by Mr. Shiv Nadar. Initially, the company name was Micro Comp Ltd. The company started to sell tile digital calculators to gather capital for their main project. On 11 August 1976, the company was renamed to Hindustan Computer Limited (HCL). On 12th November 1991, another subsidiary company called HCL Overseas Limited was incorporated as a provider of technology development service. HCL company is one of the four companies comes under the company HCL enterprises. HCL developed an indigenous microcomputer in 1978, and a networking OS and client-server architecture in 1983. On 12 November 1991, HCL Technologies was distributed as a separate unit to provide software services. Hindustan Computer Limited offers services including IT Consulting, Enterprise Transformation, remote infrastructure management, engineering and R&D, and business process outsourcing (BPO). HCL services include DRYiCE, Cybersecurity, and digital & analytics. The company has the branches in 34 countries including USA, CANADA, JAPAN, UK, FRANCE, and GERMANY. It operates across sectors including aerospace and defense, automotive, consumer electronics energy and utilities, financial service and governments. HCL Technologies in Forbes Global 2000 list. As of September 2017, the company along with its subsidiaries had consolidated revenue of $7.4 billion. In this paper, we have studied the products and services of HCL technologies and its strategies to face competitions using various case study methodologies. The internal and external opportunities analysis is done by means of SWOT analysis.
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Kodirjonova, Nozimakhon, and Jong Dae Kim. "Examining the Link between CSRD and FP in Korean Companies: The Moderating Effect of Company Reputation." Sustainability 15, no. 8 (2023): 6986. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15086986.
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This study investigates two key aspects of Korean companies. First, we examine the significance of the relationship between corporate social responsibility disclosure and a company’s financial performance. Second, we explore the moderating role of company reputation in the link between corporate social responsibility disclosure and financial performance. We use data from Korean companies included in the Forbes Global 2000 list, employing a quantitative methodology and analyzing data from 66 Korean companies between 2017 and 2021. To estimate the relationship between the independent variable (corporate social responsibility disclosure) and the dependent variable (financial performance), we applied multiple regression models, using market value, sales, and net profit as control variables. Our study provides robust evidence of a positive and significant relationship between corporate social responsibility disclosure and the financial performance of Korean companies. We find that their influence is partially mediated by the company’s reputation, which serves as a signal of the firm’s ethical and social responsibility practices to stakeholders. Our results suggest that firms with a positive reputation for corporate social responsibility activities are more likely to experience enhanced financial performance, possibly due to increased stakeholder trust and loyalty, improved risk management, and enhanced access to capital.
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Zhou, Zheng-Yun, and Yi-Ming Ding. "Parameter Resolution of the Estimation Methods for Power Law Indices." Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society 2021 (July 3, 2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5593959.
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The accuracy of parameter estimation plays an important role in economic and social models and experiments. Parameter resolution is the capability of an estimation algorithm to distinguish different parameters effectively under given noise level, which can be used to select appropriate algorithm for experimental or empirical data. We use a flexible distinguishing criterion and present a framework to compute the parameter resolution by bootstrap and simulation, which can be used in different models and algorithms, even for non-Gaussian noises. The parameter resolutions are computed for power law models and corresponding algorithms. For power law signal, with the increase of SNR, parameter resolution is finer; with the decrease of parameter, the resolution is finer. The standard deviation of noise and parameter resolution satisfies the linear relation; it relates to interval estimation naturally if the estimation algorithm is asymptotically normal. For power law distribution, parameter and resolution satisfy the linear relation, and experimental slope and theoretical slope tend to be consistent when significance level approaches zero. Last, we select an algorithm with finer resolution to estimate the Pareto index for the Forbes list of global rich data in recent 10 years and analyze the changes in the gap between the rich and the poor.
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Sharma, Manu, and Sudhanshu Joshi. "Brand sustainability among young consumers: an AHP-TOPSIS approach." Young Consumers 20, no. 4 (2019): 314–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/yc-12-2018-0914.
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Purpose This study aims to identify the dominant brand attributes based on the survey conducted among 100 young consumers to know their perceptions toward sustainable brands, using multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) techniques, arithmetic hierarchical process (AHP) and technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS). Design/methodology/approach In total, 100 young consumers (18 to 24 age group) were asked to provide the pairwise comparisons for the 10 brands. MCDM methods were applied on triple bottom line dimensions to identify the best alternative. AHP is applied to compute weights for the brands’ attributes necessary for brand’s sustainability, further analyzed by TOPSIS method to rank Forbes’ top 10 brands as per young consumers’ intentions to buy. Findings Apple is the most sustainable brand perceived by young consumers followed by Google and Samsung. Being the top brand in Forbes list Apple also fulfills its responsibility toward the environment and recognizes young consumers’ perception accurately. Google is also contending with the same strategy and succeed in achieving a sustainable brand image. Samsung despite at number seven and second-highest revenues after Apple has managed excellently in building sustainable brand image. Research limitations/implications Findings have shown that the top global brands do not show the same order as they exhibit in their top ranking (Forbes, 2019), and thus, create a research gap to be fulfilled by identifying the causes for the same. The results show that brand consistency and performance can be achieved through implementing sustainable and green practices such as acting social responsibility, high-quality green products, environment protection, etc., and transforming these into capabilities. Practical implications The study is an attempt to further validate Forbes’s top brands based on their perception among young customers. The study may help practitioners and policymakers to understand and get familiar with a new methodology to evaluate brands and also how to develop a positioning strategy for targeting young consumers. The paper will be a useful source of information for marketers to know how young consumers from developing countries perceive top brands on the basis of sustainability. Social implications The social benefits of brand sustainability are related to improvements in the quality of environment, health and well-being. To link these, an enabling environment must be created that optimizes resource use, allocation and distribution. Originality/value The study is a unique attempt to use AHP and TOPSIS to evaluate the best – performing green brand from the perception of young customers in developing counties. Besides, the study provides brands attributes’ framework for sustainability and is significant for developing a model as per the choices of the young consumers.
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Jain, Palakh. "Economics behind the internationalization of Biocon India Ltd." Emerald Emerging Markets Case Studies 3, no. 7 (2013): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eemcs-08-2013-0163.
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Subject area Economics, business management Study level/applicability The case study is relevant for MBA, Master's and under graduate (economics, international and business economics) students. Case overview Biocon is one of the top 20 companies from India in the Forbes list of “Best under a Billion” companies. It has emerged from being an enzyme-producing firm to a biotech powerhouse under the guidance of Ms Kiran M. Shaw. It is an innovative company with a varied scientific skill base and progressive manufacturing facilities for developing and commercializing biopharmaceuticals. This study attempts to explore the international foray of Biocon using the eclectic OLI framework. Entrepreneurship, need for integrated business model, innovation, quality control, etc. constituted the ownership (O) factors, important for Biocon to earn the more than compensating advantage in the overseas market. The locational factors were less important in case of Biocon as the global expansion was driven by a motive of either market seeking or cashing in on the cost advantage of its operations. The dominant mode of entry has been the joint ventures. The overseas patterns exhibited by Biocon can be captured fully by the O-L-I framework. Expected learning outcomes To understand the economic theory of OLI and the ownership, locational and internalisation advantages, link the OLI framework with the international foray of Biocon, Biocon's internationalization journey, major overseas deals signed and the economic rationale behind the deals. Supplementary materials Teaching notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or e-mail support@emeraldinsight.com to request teaching notes.
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Kazakova, Nadiia, Alina Sholom, Zhuang Miao, and Julia Kuzenko. "Specifics of activities of China's transnational corporations on world markets." Journal of Economics and International Relations, no. 16 (December 30, 2022): 16–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.26565/2310-9513-2022-16-02.
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Modern Chinese transnational corporations act as leaders in the world markets and have all the prospects for development. Today, the Chinese government seeks to change the status of the country from 'industrial" to "innovative". so it creates an optimal economic atmosphere for work in the country and in cooperation with other countries. China is strengthening its position in the innovation environment through its contribution to R&D and the development of the digital economy. The subject of the study are all aspects of Chinese TNCs’ production, innovation, investment, which make them successful operation on world markets. The aim of the study is to investigate the specifics of TNC activity, to evaluate how Chinese TNCs function in global markets. The objective: to consider the theoretical and methodological basis of the study of transnationalization in the world economy; to determine the essence and principles of the activities of transnational corporations, to study the specifics of the emergence and development of transnational corporations in China; to determine the current state and development prospects of China's TNCs on world markets. The research methodology is based on the application of a systematic analysis of the activities of transnational corporations, statistics and the historical-theoretical background of the emergence of TNCs, as well as the use of abstract research methods, expert assessments, correlation - regression analysis and economic analysis. Results: in this article, based on economic analyses, the role of China’s transnational corporations was assessed, and several priority development areas were identified. Conclusions: Most of China's multinational companies are among the top 500 of Fortune Global 500 and top 100 list of Forbes . Chinese multinational corporations use various strategies to increase competitiveness, especially "mergers and acquisitions", expanding not only the scale of production, but also the spheres of activity. Based on this, it can be concluded that Chinese TNCs have significant prospects for development and leadership in world markets.
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Fedorova, Elena A., Dmitry P. Krotov, and Anastasia O. Anosova. "CEO’s tendency to narcissism and optimism: The impact on a company’s debt burden before and during the COVID-19 pandemic." Russian Management Journal 22, no. 1 (2024): 29–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/spbu18.2024.102.
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Goal: to assess the impact of the level of the CEO’s optimism and narcissism on the capital structure of companies in the developed and emerging markets before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Metodology: the study is based on 100 Western companies from the “Forbes Global 2000” list and 50 leading Russian companies in terms of revenue and capitalization. The assessment of narcissism and optimism was carried out by application of text analysis based on the bag of words and the pronoun counting method. Using the Anglin dictionary, four manifestations of narcissism were assessed — superiority (manifestation of superiority), vanity (vanity), exhibitionism (narcissism), self-sufficiency (arrogance). The hypotheses about the relationship between a CEO’s personality characteristics (narcissism and optimism) and the company’s capital structure were tested by using panel regression with fixed effects. Findings: the study revealed that the influence of the behavioral characteristics of a CEO increased during the crisis period (pandemic), which may indicate the tendency of managers to act less rationally and more impulsively; the result was confirmed for both domestic and foreign managers. The interplay between narcissism and optimism has a similar trend with the level of debt burden in Russian and international companies, i.e. for decision-making, the personal characteristics of management are more important than regional business specifics. Originality and contribution of the authors: the study contributes to the literature on behavioral finance by assessing the impact of a CEO’s narcissism and optimism in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic and expanding the existing work towards the analysis of crisis situations as well as behavioral finance in different economic and sociocultural areas. The paper proposes text analysis to assess personal characteristics of CEOs.
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Li, Tuochen, and Liang Yang. "The Effects of Tax Reduction and Fee Reduction Policies on the Digital Economy." Sustainability 13, no. 14 (2021): 7611. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13147611.
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The digital economy is the future of the world in terms of both contemporary trends and opportunities. Developing the digital economy is a practical way of strategically re-thinking network power and digital China and is the only way to achieve successful growth in countries’ development economies and seize a commanding position for future development. Tax reductions, which promote high-quality economic development and preserve the overall situation of national governance, are an important measure for all countries to cope with economic pressure. In recent years, China has successively introduced and continuously expanded a series of tax and fee reduction policies that have played an important role in stabilizing its economy and vigorously developing its digital economy. This study consists of six sections. The first section provides an overview of the digital economy, introducing its definitions and connotations as well as the significance of developments of the digital economy. The second section is a literature review of tax and fee reductions; the research results in this field for countries around the world are summarized based on the three perspectives of research objects, tax-reduction-policy effects and research methods and data. The third section describes the impact of tax reductions and fee reductions on China’s digital economy from an international perspective. Through the 2019 Forbes Global Top 100 Digital Economy List, this article analyzes the global digital economy corporate structure, observes the positive effects of tax and fee reductions on Chinese digital economy companies and compares the impact of tax cuts and fee reductions on digital economy companies in China, the United States and other countries. Stata software was used to conduct an empirical analysis on the panel data of digital economy companies from both macro and micro perspectives and Analysis of the Effects of Tax and Fee Reduction Policies in the Digital Economy presents an evaluation of the policy effects of tax cuts and fee reductions on digital economy companies from multiple aspects. China does not have a systematic tax and fee reduction policy that is compatible with digital economy development and its investments in large digital economy companies can be increased, as discussed in Problems of Tax and Fee Reduction and Policies in China’s Digital Economy. In Policy Recommendations for Tax and Fee Reductions in the Digital Economy, we recommend that China improves and optimizes its tax and fee policies to increase tax incentives for independent innovation and high-level talent.
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Harmash, Oleh, Iryna Hubarieva, Tetiana Harmash, and Nataliia Trushkina. "Relationship between the concepts of “Digital transformation” and “Industry 5.0”: bibliometric analysis." Electronic Scientific Journal Intellectualization of Logistics and Supply Chain Management #1 2020, no. 24 (June 2024): 89–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.46783/smart-scm/2024-24-10.
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At the current stage of transformational transformations, the problems of transformation of the national economy are extremely relevant. And these questions are especially relevant in the conditions of rapid development of the digital economy. According to estimates by Forbes experts, 67% of the leaders of companies from the Global 2000 list chose digital transformation as a priority goal of their corporate strategy in 2018. According to a study by analysts International Data Corporation, the total global spending on digital technologies will grow by 16.8% annually and amounted to 2.1 trillion dollars in 2019. Research by Huawei and Oxford Economics has shown that intelligent network interaction will trigger the growth of the digital economy, which will reach 23 trillion dollars by 2025. This increase will be 78.3% compared to 2017 (12.9 trillion dollars). By 2025, the share of the digital economy is planned to increase by 7.2 percentage points, or from 17.1 to 24.3% of global GDP. According to the calculations of The Boston Consulting Group experts, the volume of the digital economy by 2035 will amount to 16 trillion dollars USA. In view of this, the purpose of this study is to determine the trends and key directions of digital transformation research in the era of Industry 5.0 based on bibliometric analysis using the VOSviewer software. The article carries out a bibliometric analysis of the relationship between the terms “digital transformation”, “digitalization”,”Industry 4.0”, “Industry 5.0”. It has been established that currently the problems of the digital transformation of the economy in the context of the implementation of the digital strategy of the European Union are gaining special relevance. Digital transformation is a key component of the overall strategy to transform the global economy. Correctly selected digital technologies combined with employee competencies, processes and operations will allow companies to quickly adapt to crisis situations, use promising opportunities to modernize work processes, meet new and constantly changing customer needs, stimulate growth and implement innovative and management solutions. The concept of digital transformation of the national economy in the context of Industry 5.0 should involve the use of digital tools and platforms to transform traditional business processes, improve interaction with customers, introduce innovative technologies and form a digital ecosystem. The main components of the digital transformation of critical infrastructure include: digital technologies (cloud computing, artificial intelligence, big data analytics and the Internet of Things (IoT); organizational changes (restructuring of processes to increase their flexibility, introduction of new methodologies (DevOps, Agile), formation of a digital culture); customer orientation and integration of digital channels. For effective digital transformation of the economy on a practical level, it is advisable to pay attention to such main aspects as: having a clear vision and strategy that meets business goals; involving different groups of stakeholders and ensuring the interest of the entire organization; constant monitoring and evaluation of the implementation of digital transformation initiatives; an adaptive and iterative approach that allows you to navigate the changing digital landscape. It has been proven that the priority direction of research in the future should be the substantiation of the theoretical and methodological provisions of the formation of the digital ecosystem.
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Sadiq, M. S., I. P. Singh, N. Karunakaran, M. Lawal, and B. Danjuma. "Repositioning India's Cotton Lint Export Direction." Pearl Multidisciplinary Journal 4, no. 2 (2018): 101–21. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3637984.
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Following the recent non-impressive performance in the export volume of its cotton lint which in turn affected its foreign exchange earnings from the sector due to bear raid by USA and China price subsidies which caused imperfection in the global trade market, the researchers conceptualized the need to identify the magnitude and effects of the key drivers of India’s cotton lint exports using Engel-Granger two-step procedure. The study used dated data spanning from 1981 to 2013 which were sourced from FAO and UNCTAD databases. The results of the long-run and short-run models showed that India’s cotton lint export is stimulated mostly by the internal economic forces. However, export growth of the product was hindered by both the domestic and external forces. In this regard, in as much as the negative impact on India’s cotton lint due to distortion induced downward pressure on world prices caused by price subsidies offered by China and USA, inefficiencies and constraints in the domestic environment would preclude India from appropriately exploiting opportunities and adjusting to unexpected market developments in the short-run. Therefore, to revitaliz the gloomy export trade of India’s cotton lint, policy makers and various stakeholders in the industry should put in place measures to address domestic inefficiencies over which the country has some control compared to inefficiencies on the global market, thus placing the country in a better position to exploit market opportunities and adjust to unexpected developments in the shortest possible time.
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Girard, Carine, and Stephen Gates. "Global Drivers of and Local Resistance to French Shareholder Activism." Journal of Applied Corporate Finance 26, no. 1 (2014): 94–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jacf.12058.
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Shareholder activism in France has made significant advances during the past 25 years even as it continues to face formidable sources of local resistance. But if the list of corporate governance improvements since 1989 described by the authors might lead one to conclude that France now has minority shareholder protection and shareholder activism comparable to those of the U.S. or U.K., powerful local interests, including much of French management, labor, and government, continue to mount effective resistance to such forces for change. The French government still works closely with French business elites and unions to manage both individual companies and the general economy. And government officials continue to speak publicly of “protecting” French firms from “illegitimate” foreign shareholders.Accordingly, the authors characterize French corporate governance as a “hybrid” model of shareholder activism, one that incorporates the perspectives and interests of the classic French stakeholder model as well as an emerging shareholder value movement. Although foreign institutional investors have increased their shareholdings in French companies and promoted “best practice” governance rules, particularly with respect to voting rights, local forces will continue to resist aggressive shareholder activism. Such a hybrid model makes the outcomes of shareholder activism less predictable, a risk that foreign investors and companies often respond to by seeking alliances with local proxy advisers and investor associations to gain “legitimacy.”
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Rosa, Clarissa, and Agnis Souza. "Large and medium-sized mammals of Nova Baden State Park, Minas Gerais, Brazil." Check List 13, no. (3) (2017): 1–6. https://doi.org/10.15560/13.3.2141.
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Nova Baden State Park (NBSP) is located in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest which is a biodiversity hotspot and priority for conservation. Our aim is to provide a list of large and medium-sized mammal species recorded in NBSP. We made a camera trap survey and opportunistic observations from December 2014 to September 2015, and searched the grey literature. We recorded 12 large and medium-sized mammals in our survey and 11 more species listed in grey literature. The 23 species registered for NBSP belong to eight orders (Carnivora, Primates, Rodents, Cingulata, Pilosa, Didephimorphia, Lagomorpha and Artiodactyla), including threatened species at local, national and global levels. With an important mammal biodiversity, we concluded that avoidance of poaching and the control of domestic dogs need to be priorities for biodiversity conservation of NBSP, with a political management that includes the local community in Park activities.
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Ezhov, Dmitriy A., and Daniil M. Kalinin. "Index of Military Ration as an Indicator of Armed Forces Provision: Comparative Analysis." Общество: политика, экономика, право, no. 6 (June 21, 2023): 125–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.24158/pep.2023.6.17.
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The article reflects the results of a comparative analysis of the development of individual nutrition rations for military personnel in different countries. The list of states included in the research sample is based on the “GFP” (GLOBAL FIREPOWER) rating, according to which they make up the top five in the global military sphere: Russia, the USA, China, India, and South Korea. The importance of military ration packs for catering military personnel in marching conditions is noted, due to which they must meet a number of requirements for the bal-ance of proteins, fats and carbohydrates, calories, etc., defined by the food technologists of the military minis-tries of different countries in accordance with the degree of complexity of the tasks performed by the military personnel. The results of the comparative analysis of the individual food ration kits showed that the Russian military ration packs are superior to the others in a number of indicators, in particular in terms of the energy value of the rations and the price-quality ratio. Overall, they are at an average level in the sample.
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Gweh, Allen, Allison Bailey, Ana Filipa Palmeirim, et al. "Medium-sized and large bodied mammals of Marshall Wetlands, a proposed protected area in Liberia." Check List 21, no. (1) (2025): 1–11. https://doi.org/10.15560/21.1.1.
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Liberia comprises 43% of the upper Guinean tropical forest of West Africa, a global hotspot with high levels of biodiversity and endemism succumbing to accelerated rates of deforestation. Due in part to the country's past civil war, knowledge about much of Liberia's remaining local biodiversity is limited. To help fill this gap, we surveyed medium‑sized and large‑bodied mammals in a proposed protected area, the Marshall Wetlands, in Margibi County, Liberia. Using 21 camera traps, in an effort of 33,120 hours, and track surveys along trails, between July 2022 and May 2023, we confirmed the presence of 13 medium‑sized and large mam‑ mal species. Of these, four species have some degree of threat in the IUCN Red List. Despite its proximity to the capital city of Monrovia, the Marshall Wetlands comprise significant biodiversity, highlighting its conservation value and reinforcing the value of improved protected status.
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Perdomo, Oscar, Alejandro Zuluaga, and Edwin Trujillo-Trujillo. "Conservation assessment of five new records for the Orchidaceae of Colombia." Check List 20, no. (4) (2024): 950–61. https://doi.org/10.15560/20.4.950.
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Following the IUCN criteria, we assess the risk of extinction for five orchid species recorded for the first time from Colombia: <em>Acianthera </em>viridis (Luer & Hirtz) Luer, <em>Dichaea lankesteri</em> Ames, <em>Epidendrum lavendulum </em>Hágsater, <em>Masdevallia ariasii</em> Luer, and <em>Stenia stenioides </em>(Garay) Dodson & R.Escobar. We propose a preliminary global Red List categories of Endangered, Least Concern, Endangered, Vulnerable, and Least Concern, respectively, for these species. The main threats of these orchids are habitat degradation, small and degraded AOO and EOO, and a small number of known populations. The Caraño river basin, where these species occur in Colombia, is an important site for orchid conservation. Consequently, strategies are needed to ensure its preservation.
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Moreira, Marina, Tatiana Carrijo, Anderson Alves-Araújo, et al. "A list of land plants of Parque Nacional do Caparaó, Brazil, highlights the presence of sampling gaps within this protected area." Biodiversity Data Journal 8 (December 31, 2020): e59664. https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.8.e59664.
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Brazilian protected areas are essential for the conservation of plants of the Atlantic Forest domain, one of 36 global biodiversity hotspots. A major challenge for improving conservation actions is to know the richness of plants protected by these areas. Online databases offer an accessible way to build plant species lists and to provide relevant information about biodiversity. A list of land plants of "Parque Nacional do Caparaó" (PNC) was previously built using online databases and published on the website "Catálogo de Plantas das Unidades de Conservação do Brasil." Here, we provide and discuss additional information about plant species richness, endemism, and conservation in the PNC that could not be included in the list. We documented 1,791 species of land plants as occurring in PNC, of which 63 are cited as threatened (CR, EN, or VU) by the Brazilian National Red List, seven as data deficient (DD), and five as priorities for conservation."Parque Nacional do Caparaó" houses 8% of the land plant species endemic to the Brazilian Atlantic Forest, including 6% of its angiosperms, 31% of its lycophytes and ferns, and 14% of its avascular plants. Twelve percent of the threatened species listed for the state of Espírito Santo and 7% listed for the state of Minas Gerais are also protected by PNC. Surprisingly, 79% of the collections analyzed here were carried out in Minas Gerais, which represents just 21% of the total extension of the park. The compiled data uncover a huge botanical collection gap in this federally protected area.
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Brockerhoff, Eckehard G., Belinda A. Gresham, Nicolas Meurisse, et al. "Pining away and at home: global utilisation of Pinus radiata by native and non-native insects." NeoBiota 84 (May 18, 2023): 137–67. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.84.95864.
Full textAbstract:
Pinus radiata (radiata pine or Monterey pine) is threatened in its native range in California and, at the same time, one of the most widely-planted tree species worldwide, especially in the southern hemisphere. It is affected by a wide range of plant-feeding insects both in its native range and in regions where it is planted as an introduced tree. In addition, there are many invasive insects that have colonised P. radiata, in some cases causing major damage. Here, our objectives were to provide a complete and up-to-date overview of all insect species recorded from P. radiata worldwide, to summarise where these insects are native and which countries or regions they have invaded, to categorise them according to their impacts as damaging species or as vectors of plant pathogens, and to examine border interceptions to determine whether pathways exist that would allow these species to enter and potentially invade additional regions. Our compilation of insects feeding on P. radiata provides a list of 649 species (and an additional 11 species identified at the genus level only). Coleoptera is the most represented order in the list (299 species), followed by Lepidoptera (224 species) and Hemiptera (65 species). We classified 28 species as high-impact, including 12 true bark beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae), eight Lepidoptera, five other Coleoptera, two Hymenoptera and one Hemiptera. These species can cause substantial direct damage or act as vectors of highly-damaging plant pathogens. Other species cause only occasional damage, rarely requiring management (classified as 'low-medium impact') or they are generally benign ('negligible impact'). Hemiptera and Scolytinae have a high proportion of species established outside their native range. The Nearctic and Neotropic regions have been invaded by the most high-impact species, mainly by species native to Europe. Border interceptions of 185 species (29% of those on our list) were recorded during import inspections between 1995–2021, indicating considerable potential for further invasions. The findings of our study can be used to identify potential high-impact invaders and the pathways that may require more phytosanitary attention. Furthermore, our analyses provide useful insights into the insect-plant interactions resulting from the global distribution of a tree species and the native and non-native insects feeding on it.
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Svoboda, Ondřej. "Klaus Dingwerth, Antonia Witt, Ina Lehmann, Ellen Reichel and Tobias Weise: International Organisations under Pressure: Legitimating Global Governance in Challenging Times." Mezinárodní vztahy 56, no. 1 (2021): 117–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.32422/mv-cjir.1755.
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The book reconstructs how the normative yardsticks that underpin evaluations of international organizations have changed since 1970. Based on in-depth case studies of normative change in five international organizations over a period of five decades, the authors argue that, these days, international organizations confront a longer and more heterogeneous list of normative expectations than in previous periods. Two changes are particularly noteworthy. First, international organizations need to demonstrate not only what they do for their member states, but also for the individuals in member states. Second, while international organizations continue to be evaluated in terms of what they achieve, they are increasingly also measured by how they operate. As the case studies reveal, the more pluralist patchwork of legitimacy principles today’s international organizations confront has multiple origins. It includes the politicization of expanding international authority, but also a range of other driving forces such as individual leadership or normative path dependence. Despite variation in the sources, however, the consequences of the normative shift are similar. Notably, a longer and more heterogenous list of normative expectations renders the legitimation of international organizations more complex. Strikingly, then, at a time when many feel international cooperation is needed more than ever, legitimating the forms in which such cooperation takes place has become most difficult. International organizations have come under pressure.
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Jacobs, Trent. "Tight-Rock RTA: Global Band of Shale Producers Joins Forces To Improve Crucial Diagnostic." Journal of Petroleum Technology 75, no. 02 (2023): 36–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/0223-0036-jpt.
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More than three dozen oil and gas producers are working together to solve one of the grand challenges faced by all in the increasingly global unconventional sector. That is the ability to better predict tight-oil and -gas production using rate transient analysis (RTA). Considered an “unconventional diagnostic” when first introduced in the 1970s, RTA relies on fluid rates and flowing pressures to inform engineers on what their reservoirs will ultimately yield. Unfortunately, the low permeability of tight rocks and a myriad of dynamics stemming from hydraulic fracturing have undercut the simplicity of the tool. This has given rise to arguments that RTA is not a fit for unconventional reservoirs. But a joint industry project with 37 operators from around the world is betting against that notion. Those taking part represent the biggest and most active shale plays in the US—a list that includes Apache Corp., BP’s shale unit BPx. Devon Energy, EQT, Hess Corp., and Ovintiv. Others hold assets in Canada’s Montney and Duvernay formations, Argentina’s Vaca Muerta Shale, and the emerging Jafurah tight-gas basin that Saudi Aramco is in the early stages of developing. The organizer behind the joint project is petroleum engineering software and consultancy Whitson. The Trondheim-based firm said the client consortium is likely the largest of its kind to focus squarely on improving RTA for tight reservoirs. In October, the multinational group wrapped up its first phase of study with a set of best practices and the release of new add-ons for Whitson’s software service. Why this might evolve into a notable development is because the deliverables are all designed to help standardize a recently debuted alternative called the numerically enhanced RTA workflow. Introduced by reservoir experts at Houston-based Apache and IHS Markit, this “enhanced” version of numerical RTA has caught the industry’s attention for its ability to account for the effects of multiphase flow in tight wells. The first details about the approach were shared with the industry in 2020 in URTeC 2967. Whitson reports that a newly established workflow for numerical RTA created with operator clients delivers consistent well analysis in seconds to a few minutes, and importantly, was proven to work across their disparate geologies. Mathias Carlsen is a general manager at Whitson and has been at the center of the joint industry project from the beginning. Here, he helps explain what the industry should know about the RTA joint project and where it is heading. Assembling a Trifecta Carlsen, a reservoir engineering expert, described the overarching goal of the joint project not as a mission to discover a panacea for RTA but one designed to fill in its big gaps with some recent innovations. “What we’ve been successful at through the joint industry project is getting the new tools ready so that the workflows can be easily used and in standardizing them for a wide range of wells found in every single unconventional basin in the world,” he said.
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BORAH, Dipankar, Sumpam TANGJANG, Abhaya DAS, Parixit KAFLEY, and Anatoliy KHAPUGIN. "NATIVE VASCULAR FLORA OF BEHALI RESERVE FOREST (ASSAM, INDIA) WITH GLOBAL IUCN RED LIST ASSESSMENT OF TWO ENDEMIC SPECIES." Contribuţii Botanice 55 (January 1, 2021): 27–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.24193/contrib.bot.55.2.
Full textAbstract:
The investigations of flora and fauna in Protected Areas provide important contributions to the knowledge on the status of unmanaged natural ecosystems. In 2017–2019, we studied the vascular plant flora of Behali Reserve Forest (Assam, India). The reserve forest covers 140.16 km2 area of semi-evergreen forest. We investigated the taxonomic composition of the flora and diversity of growth forms of species and habitats. In addition, we conducted global IUCN Red List assessment of two endemic species, Aristolochia assamica and Chlorophytum assamicum. We found that the vascular plant flora of Behali Reserve Forest consists of 281 taxa, including 272 species, one subspecies and eight varieties. They belong to 206 genera and 79 families. Among them, Pandanus unguifer was recorded for the first time for the flora of Assam. In growth form spectrum of vascular plants, trees, vines and shrubs predominated, followed by epiphytes, forbs or herbs, geophytes, annuals and parasites. The largest number of vascular plants was found in dense forests, while open habitats were characterized by the smallest species richness. Chlorophytum assamicum is assessed as CR B1ab(iii)+2ab(iii); D, and Aristolochia assamica as EN B2ab(iii). At the same time, there is a threat of reduction or disappearance of their populations. This is especially crucial for C. assamicum, represented by a single world population. Undoubtedly, further investigations of flora could result in an increase in number of the vascular plant flora of Behali Reserve Forest, as well as providing essential insights into population trends of several other species as per IUCN Red List categories and criteria.
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IVANOV, O. M., and A. G. SAVINKOV. "QUANTUM ANYON-LIKE SYSTEMS WITH TOPOLOGICAL CHARGES ON U(1) BUNDLES." International Journal of Modern Physics A 08, no. 31 (1993): 5505–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x93002174.
Full textAbstract:
We investigate some classes of locally Hamiltonian systems. To formulate a global Hamiltonian formalism a nontrivial principal U(1) bundle over a multi-particle dynamical space is constructed. Lift of dynamics to the total space is considered for the models. Absence of a transposition operator lifting to the bundle space forces us to review a statistics theme from a new standpoint. A topological invariant to characterize system properties is generalized by using geometrical methods and the anyon analogy.
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BAMIGBOYE, Samuel O. "EVALUATING CONSERVATION STATUS, THREATS AND POPULATION TRENDS OF LEUCADENDRON, A PLANT GENUS ENDEMIC TO THE CAPE REGION IN SOUTH AFRICA." Contribuţii Botanice 56 (November 19, 2021): 45–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.24193/contrib.bot.56.4.
Full textAbstract:
Declines in endemic species have significant impact on global biodiversity loss. More efforts need to be harnessed to further protect endemic species from the current global extinction crisis. This study evaluated the current conservation status, factors responsible for risk of extinction and the trends in populations of Leucadendron, a plant genus endemic to the Cape region in South Africa. The SANBI (South African National Biodiversity Institute) Red List was employed in this study. The results revealed that over 50% of taxa in this genus are threatened and most of the species are exposed to habitat destruction and the presence of invasive species. It was also discovered that two species of this genus are currently extinct, which implies this genus is facing a high risk of extinction. More efforts, such as designing effective methods of controlling forces responsible for the risk of extinction of taxa in this genus, should be put in place to prevent their complete extirpation in future.
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Kozhanov, N. "Qatar's Foreign Policy Priorities during the Global Energy Markets Evolution." World Economy and International Relations 65, no. 9 (2021): 108–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2021-65-9-108-117.
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Using elements of the ‘small state’ theory, the article examines relations between Qatar’s foreign policy priorities and existing challenges to Doha’s presence at the natural gas markets caused by the impact of the US shale revolution, beginning of the global energy transition, and COVID 19 pandemic. These factors shifted the critical emphasis in the concept of the Persian Gulf energy security. The oversupply of gas that has been existing in the markets since 2019 and the emergence of new leaders in the list of leading LNG exporting countries in recent years significantly changed the situation in the markets in favor of consumers, who can now diversify their sources of supply. Under these circumstances, the sustainability of gas exports from the Gulf countries is no longer a factor of supply security, but an element of demand security: while LNG consumers have access to alternative suppliers, it is Qatar that has to fight for its place in the market, ensuring a stable demand for its main export product. This, in turn, forces Doha to re-adjust its relations with both the consumer countries and main rivals at the LNG market. Under the new circumstances, Qatar’s main challenge remains unchanged: it has to maintain sufficient financial revenues received from the LNG exports to ensure its more active and independent foreign policy that differs it from other so-called “small states”. Yet, to achieve this, Qatar is following the traditional strategy of small states: it hedges its risks through forming multilevel coalitions and alliances with both consumers and exporters of natural gas.
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Munikanan, Viknesvaran, Zurina Abdul Hamid, Mohammed Alias Yusof, Muhammad Azani Yahya, and Aniza Ibrahim. "Mitigation of Delay in Malaysian Armed Forces Construction Projects." Jurnal Kejuruteraan 37, no. 3 (2025): 1459–66. https://doi.org/10.17576/jkukm-2025-37(3)-29.
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As time passes, the conditions of the camp where most of the buildings, infrastructures and facilities in the Malaysian Armed Forces (MAF) become older and require reconstruction or refurbishment. In line with the global development of many personnel and military equipment, most of the existing buildings in military camps need to be improved. Construction delays in government projects have become a norm, and MAF is no exception to this. The delay issues are important to be investigated to minimize the delays. Perhaps some practical rectification needs to be suggested to mitigate delays and improve the performance of construction projects in MAF. The quantitative approach was carried out using a questionnaire survey to relate stakeholders involved in MAF construction projects that can help to achieve the objective of this research. From 100 respondents of MAF construction project stakeholders, 75 respondents replied with a reliability index of Cronbach Alpha of 0.96. The data was analyzed using SPSS version 24 with ordinal measurement. Pilot studies with 30 respondents were conducted to improve the questionnaire design. Next, Spearman’s Rank-Order Correlation was undertaken to list the delays in the appropriate rank and the mean of the element is 266.733. Therefore, it demonstrates the overall respondents approximately agree with the cause of delay listed for MAF construction projects. Out of 65 factors of delays top five were poor coordination, poor communication, poor work supervision, lack of work programming and finally difficulties in project financing with the mean of the delays ranging from 4.85 to 4.76. The study was able to rank the top five mitigation measures to overcome the delays with a mean score of 4.5 and above.
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Freitas, Leandro, Alexandre Salino, Neto Luiz Menini, et al. "A comprehensive checklist of vascular epiphytes of the Atlantic Forest reveals outstanding endemic rates." PhytoKeys 58 (January 12, 2016): 65–79. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.58.5643.
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Knowledge of the geographic distribution of plants is essential to underpin the understanding of global biodiversity patterns. Vascular epiphytes are important components of diversity and functionality of Neotropical forests but, unlike their terrestrial counterparts, they are under-represented in large-scale diversity and biogeographic analyses. This is the case for the Atlantic Forest - one of the most diverse and threatened biomes worldwide. We provide the first comprehensive species list of Atlantic Forest vascular epiphytes; their endemism patterns and threatened species occurrence have also been analyzed. A list with 2,256 species of (hemi-)epiphytes - distributed in 240 genera and 33 families - is presented based on the updated Brazilian Flora Checklist. This represents more than 15% of the total vascular plant richness in the Atlantic Forest. Moreover, 256 species are included on the Brazilian Red List. More than 93% of the overall richness is concentrated in ten families, with 73% represented by Orchidaceae and Bromeliaceae species alone. A total of 78% of epiphytic species are endemic to the Atlantic Forest, in contrast to overall vascular plant endemism in this biome estimated at 57%. Among the non-endemics, 13% of epiphytic species also occur either in the Amazon or in the Cerrado - the other two largest biomes of Brazil – and only 8% are found in two or more Brazilian biomes. This pattern of endemism, in addition to available dated phylogenies of some genera, indicate the dominance of recent radiations of epiphytic groups in the Atlantic Forest, showing that the majority of divergences dating from the Pliocene onwards are similar to those that were recently reported for other Neotropical plants.
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Ndjamba, André Kapingala Imbo, and Isaú Alfredo B. Quissindo. "Dinâmica Florestal nas Comunas do Cuima (Caála) e Chipeio (Ecunha), Huambo-Angola entre 2009-2019." RAC: revista angolana de ciências 3, no. 1 (2021): 157–69. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4876374.
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Actualmente nota-se em Angola que tem havido uma redução e degradação florestal considerável quer no Miombo como noutras formações florestais nativas do País. O registo de elevados índices de desflorestação levaram os autores avaliar de forma comparativa as alterações do coberto florestal nas comunas do Cuima (município da Caála) e a do Chipeio (município da Ecunha), ambos pertencentes à província do Huambo, entre 2009 e 2019, com base em dados de detecção remota da <em>Global Forest Watch</em>. As duas zonas de estudo enquadram-se na região agrícola 24 do País, foram submetidas a análise da dinâmica da vegetação na plataforma <em>Global Forest Watch</em>. Nesta etapa foram analisadas as seguintes variáveis: área florestal anual, perda de área florestal anual e ganho de área florestal anual de cada comuna. Foram obtidos ainda dados geoespaciais a partir dos servidores <em>Maplibrary</em>, <em>Earth Explorer</em> e <em>Copernicus Open Access Hub</em>. Os resultados apontam para uma redução de 12,7% da área florestal da comuna do Cuima e 6,6% do Chipeio, entre 2009 e 2019. Houve ainda evidência de baixa taxa de ganho de área florestal e alta taxa de perda de cobertura florestal; por esta razão, se não haver intervenções, espera-se observar uma redução no período 2009 e 2030 de 60,5% para 39,2% na comuna do Cuima e de 88,1 para 74% no Chipeio. A adopção e o fomento de fontes alternativas de rendimento das famílias são apontadas como o meio de sustentabilizar os recursos florestais estudados.
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Soliman, Yousuf, Marcel Padilla, Oliver Gross, Felix Knöppel, Ulrich Pinkall, and Peter Schröder. "Going with the Flow." ACM Transactions on Graphics 43, no. 4 (2024): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3658164.
Full textAbstract:
Given a sequence of poses of a body we study the motion resulting when the body is immersed in a (possibly) moving, incompressible medium. With the poses given, say, by an animator, the governing second-order ordinary differential equations are those of a rigid body with time-dependent inertia acted upon by various forces. Some of these forces, like lift and drag, depend on the motion of the body in the surrounding medium. Additionally, the inertia must encode the effect of the medium through its added mass. We derive the corresponding dynamics equations which generalize the standard rigid body dynamics equations. All forces are based on local computations using only physical parameters such as mass density. Notably, we approximate the effect of the medium on the body through local computations avoiding any global simulation of the medium. Consequently, the system of equations we must integrate in time is only 6 dimensional (rotation and translation). Our proposed algorithm displays linear complexity and captures intricate natural phenomena that depend on body-fluid interactions.
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Zhou, Wangyi, Junqiang Bai, Lei Qiao, Yasong Qiu, Rui Liu, and Guangchen Shen. "A Study of Multi-Objective Aerodynamic Optimization Design for Variable Camber Airfoils and High Lift Devices." Xibei Gongye Daxue Xuebao/Journal of Northwestern Polytechnical University 36, no. 1 (2018): 83–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/jnwpu/20183610083.
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Aiming at the synthetical optimization of the aerodynamic performance between the low-speed condition of two-dimensional high lift devices during take-off and landing phase and the high-speed condition of variable camber airfoil during cruise phase, an aerodynamic optimization design method for high lift device based on Kriging based surrogate model and multi-objective genetic algorithm has been developed. With the application of Adaptive Dropped Hinge Flap mechanism, the low-speed take-off and landing performance and high-speed cruise performance of the aircraft is improved by coupling deflection of the flap and spoiler. The position of flap hinge, deflection angle of spoiler and deflection angle of flap are taken as design variables; The Navier-Stokes equations are used to predict the aerodynamic forces of initial samples; The Kriging based surrogate model is employed to establish the algebraic relation between design variables and aerodynamic forces at take off, landing and cruise, obtaining four efficient prediction models for aerodynamic forces; Multi-objective optimization design with multi-objective genetic algorithm is conducted on the basis of surrogate models. The automatic generation of computational grid is achieved by the mesh deformation method based on RBF (Radial Basis Function) when the design variables change. On the basis of efficient global multi-objective optimization design platform, the synthetical optimization of high-speed and low-speed aerodynamic performance is conducted; The multi-objective solution set of the Pareto frontier is verified and analyzed, and the optimal solution with well matched high and low speed performance is selected.
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Fesenko, Ievgen. "Stop the War! Europeans, Homes, Kindergartens, Hospitals, Universities, and Global Science Are under the Missiles!" Journal of Diagnostics and Treatment of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology 6, no. 2 (2022): 32–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.23999/j.dtomp.2022.2.3.
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5:00 a.m. of February 24, 2022… The citizens of peacefully sleeping Kyiv woke up from several powerful explosions. Russia insidiously attacked our beloved capital, flashed in our heads. The announced USA intelligence data published in recent reports turned out to be true, we thought. Quick internet news search revealed that similar explosions happened in other cities and villages of Ukraine―a European country with more than 40 million of citizens. Large-scale invasion of Russian troops and missile attacks, which were warned by world intelligence, began. Breaking news reported the invasion noted from the multiple border sides―the territory of Belarus, Russia, and temporary occupied Crimean peninsula. The multiple deaths of civilians, children, and the military, the shelling of hospitals, kindergartens, multi-storey residential buildings, and missile strikes on critical infrastructure are not a complete list of all Russian war crimes against humanity which have been recorded during the last five days of February. And today, at evening of February 28, 2022, we are noticing how the life of all Ukrainians is changed forever. Five days of military resistance of our phenomenally brave Ukrainian defense forces against Russian occupants clearly showed the enemy how strong is the spirit of Ukrainians and the state political apparatus. International support of Ukraine and sanctions being imposed on Russia by civilized countries continues to grow making a significant pressure on Russian Federation to stop the war.
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Zhang, Hongfu, Lei Zhou, Tingting Liu, Zijian Guo, and Farshad Golnary. "Dynamic mode decomposition analysis of the two-dimensional flow past two transversely in-phase oscillating cylinders in a tandem arrangement." Physics of Fluids 34, no. 3 (2022): 033602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0079884.
Full textAbstract:
The flow through tandem square cylinders was investigated at a Reynolds number of 100 for oscillation amplitudes A = 0.1 D to 0.7 D and gaps L = 2.0 D, 5.0 D, and 6.0 D, where D is the width of the cylinders. A moving reference frame method combined with the spectral/hp element method was employed to simulate the two-dimensional flow in the lock-in regime. Fluid forces, vorticity fields, power spectrum density, and pressure distribution were first investigated. Since surface pressure is directly connected with fluid forces, pressure and velocity field were synchronously analyzed by employing optimal dynamic mode decomposition. An underlying link between fluid forces and coherence modes was then uncovered. The results reveal that the move-induced forces and flow structures strongly depend on gaps and amplitudes in the lock-in regime. With respect to the dynamic mode decomposition analysis, odd-order modes contribute to lift forces, while even-order modes result in drag forces. The flow structures are dominated by at most three modes; as the amplitude increases, the high-order mode energy increases, coinciding with corresponding power spectrum density results of forces. Typical 2S, 2P, and C(2S) wakes were observed for various gaps and two representative amplitudes ( A/D = 0 and 0.7), and their dominant modes show distinctive differences that lead to different local pressure shapes on the cylinders. It is the combined effects of local mode shape and global mode energy that account for the change in fluid forces for various gaps and two oscillating amplitudes.
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Mat Ali, Mohamed Sukri, Sheikh Ahmad Zaki Shaikh Salim, Mohamad Hafz Ismail, Sallehuddin Muhamad, and Muhammad Iyas Mahzan. "Aeolian Tones Radiated from Flow Over Bluff Bodies." Open Mechanical Engineering Journal 7, no. 1 (2013): 48–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874155x01307010048.
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Bluff body is a simple but a central shape for many engineering applications. The geometry shape of the bluff body characterises the behaviour of the flow over the bluff body, where a more complex flow structure is found near downstream. Shear layer separation is mainly responsible for the periodic global phenomena, that includes the generation of sound. The magnitude of the aerodynamically generated sound is dominated by the fluctuations of aerodynamics forces, i.e., drag and lift. The study also shows that the sound pressure field is shaped by the aeolian tones that is related strongly to the lift fluctuations of the bluff body. Amplitude and frequency of the fluctuating lift change naturally with the shape of a particular bluff body. Triangular cylinder exhibits the largest sound pressure level (41.9 dB) followed by ellipse and circular shapes. Square cylinder emits the lowest sound pressure level (36.7 dB). This corresponds to the longest downstream vortex formation length at which for a square cylinder the long vortex formation length provides space for more vortex to dissipate.
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Švedas, Aurimas. "Possibilities to adapt oral history to the research of Soviet and post-Soviet epoch (the problems of the culture of memory and the politics of history)." Lietuvos istorijos studijos 26 (August 28, 2024): 148–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/lis.2010.36620.
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The Soviet epoch often imposes a professional challenge to a researcher due to the complexities of correct analysis and interpretation of the phenomena and processes of that epoch. All that was left by this epoch, which lasted almost half a century, was fragmentary, uninformative, and contradictory written sources which consciously mislead the researcher by not only preventing an answer to the question "what was it really like?", but also by trying to wrap the researcher in a spider web of reticence, Aesopian language, and open lies. The lack or fragmentation and uninformative nature of the written sources forces historians to use in their research the method of oral history interviews which offers many new perspectives. It could provide much help to the new generation of Sovietologists in Lithuania who adapt the potential method of interview primarily while preparing doctoral theses. A wider use of oral history in Lithuanian historiography (not only by young historians) should be encouraged by the realization that the researchers of the past who use this "methodical tool" acquire a possibility to compose their own "ideal source" or a block of such sources that would be unique in a quantitative and qualitative sense, determining the process of a particular research and fundamentally influencing its insights, providing answers to the questions that are "suppressed" by other historical sources. Good conditions for the development of oral history in Lithuanian historiography are created by a favourable conjuncture in Western historiography—Lithuanian historians have many opportunities to participate in the global academic discourse and contribute to the global research by trying to grasp the issues of the Soviet and post-Soviet epoch. The evaluation of oral history possibilities in the field of research of the Soviet and post-Soviet epoch should include a bigger attention to the debates in the West which focus on the advantages and the disadvantages of this historical method and supplement these debates with insights from the Lithuanian perspective. A closer collaboration of historians and social scientists as well as significant financial investments aimed to support specific research projects and corrections in the evaluation of the production of humanitarian scientists are also very important aspects. The latter aspects of the politics of science have until now impeded the development of oral history in Lithuanian historiography. The possibilities of oral history should be highly estimated while researching the specifics of the culture of memory that emerged in the Soviet epoch and the methods of politics of history which determined that specifics. The information acquired with the help of oral history often plays a crucial role in understanding the efforts of Soviet Party and political elite to create a model of culture of memory that could satisfy its needs as well as in trying to grasp an amount of freedom that a particular historian and all the professional community had in the face of the arsenal of the politics of history. The same applies to the analysis of the situation and activity of the cultural elite which fundamentally influenced the culture of memory and actively participated in the politics of history.
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Clements, Hayley S., Linh San Emmanuel Do, Gareth Hempson, et al. "The bii4africa dataset of faunal and floral population intactness estimates across Africa's major land uses." Scientific Data 11, no. 1 (2024): 191. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14820474.
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(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Abstract Sub-Saharan Africa is under-represented in global biodiversity datasets, particularly regarding the impact of land use on species' population abundances. Drawing on recent advances in expert elicitation to ensure data consistency, 200 experts were convened using a modified-Delphi process to estimate 'intactness scores': the remaining proportion of an 'intact' reference population of a species group in a particular land use, on a scale from 0 (no remaining individuals) to 1 (same abundance as the reference) and, in rare cases, to 2 (populations that thrive in human-modified landscapes). The resulting bii4africa dataset contains intactness scores representing terrestrial vertebrates (tetrapods: ±5,400 amphibians, reptiles, birds, mammals) and vascular plants (±45,000 forbs, graminoids, trees, shrubs) in sub-Saharan Africa across the region's major land uses (urban, cropland, rangeland, plantation, protected, etc.) and intensities (e.g., large-scale vs smallholder cropland). This dataset was co-produced as part of the Biodiversity Intactness Index for Africa Project. Additional uses include assessing ecosystem condition; rectifying geographic/taxonomic biases in global biodiversity indicators and maps; and informing the Red List of Ecosystems.
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Rinandio, Dipta, Hendra Helmanto, Rizmoon Zulkarnaen, Enggal Primananda, Arief Hamidi, and Iyan Robiansyah. "Endemic plants of Java Island, Indonesia: a dataset." Biodiversity Data Journal 10 (July 7, 2022): e84303. https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.10.e84303.
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Java is the most populous island in the world. This high population and the extensive economic activities have significantly reduced the forest areas of the Island and have greatly increased the pressure on its plant diversity. Compared to those with a wide distribution, endemic plants with a narrow geographic range are more vulnerable to anthropogenic threats and environmental changes. As species lists are essential for knowledge of species diversity in areas with strong anthropogenic pressure, here we present a dataset of endemic plants of Java Island. The initial species list was manually extracted from the Plant of the World Online (POWO). Each species on the list was then confirmed for its endemism by checking its current distribution using peer-reviewed publications, online plant databases and herbarium specimen images stored on the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF). The dataset contains 652 species in 279 genera and 85 families. The family with the highest number of endemic species is Orchidaceae (142 species), followed by Rubiaceae (57 species), Acanthaceae (40 species), Apocynaceae (35 species) and Lauraceae (29 species). The growth form of the species is mostly trees (22.6%), followed by herbs (19.2%), epiphytes (16%), shrubs (12.4%), vines (11%) and geophytes (9.4%). Most of the species (89.7%) have not yet been assessed for their conservation status according to the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria. There are only 55 species (8.3%) that have been conserved within ex situ collections. Furthermore, most of the species (79.8%) are not listed on the CITES appendices and there are only four species (0.6%) protected by national law.Our contribution provides the first online list of accepted scientific names of Javan endemic plants species, together with all their synonyms. New to the dataset are: i) provision of local names of the species (if available), ii) the classification of species under eleven growth forms (tree, shrub, herb, annual, graminoid, geophyte, fern, vines, hydrophyte, parasite and epiphyte), iii) assignation of the extinction risk of species according to the IUCN Red List, iv) ex situ collection status of species and information on the protection status of the species according to (v) CITES and (vi) the national law of Indonesia.
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Lanzerstorfer, Daniel, and Hendrik C. Kuhlmann. "Global stability of the two-dimensional flow over a backward-facing step." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 693 (November 3, 2011): 1–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2011.399.
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AbstractThe two-dimensional, incompressible flow over a backward-facing step is considered for a systematic variation of the geometry covering expansion ratios (step to outlet height) from 0.25 to 0.975. A global temporal linear stability analysis shows that the basic flow becomes unstable to different three-dimensional modes depending on the expansion ratio. All critical modes are essentially confined to the region behind the step extending downstream up to the reattachment point of the separated eddy. An energy-transfer analysis is applied to understand the physical nature of the instabilities. If scaled appropriately, the critical Reynolds number approaches a finite asymptotic value for very large step heights. In that case centrifugal forces destabilize the flow with respect to an oscillatory critical mode. For moderately large expansion ratios an elliptical instability mechanism is identified. If the step height is further decreased the critical mode changes from oscillatory to stationary. In addition to the elliptical mechanism, the strong shear in the layer emanating from the sharp corner of the step supports the amplification process of the critical mode. For very small step heights the basic state becomes unstable due to the lift-up mechanism, which feeds back on itself via the recirculating eddy behind the step, resulting in a steady critical mode comprising pronounced slow and fast streaks.
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Musinguzi, Arthur. "The Epidemiology of HBV Infection, Its Management, and The Challenges of Hepatitis B Control in China." National Open Journal of Medicine 1, no. 1 (2023): 14–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.60088/nojm1010003.
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This study aims to discuss the epidemiology of HBV infection, its management, and the challenges of hepatitis B control in China. PubMed and other resources of the national library of medicine under the national institute of health were searched. Other sources such as the British medical journal were looked at as well. The reference list of all related articles was reviewed. Retrospective and prospective cohort studies that examined the epidemiology, management and challenges of HBV infection between from 1992 up to present. It is of great importance to challenge the issue of HBV infection head-on given its widespread occurrence, the risk it poses for severe liver conditions, its transmission routes, the presence of detected cases, the associated stigma, its economic implications, the potential for prevention, and its global consequences. By uniting forces and efforts focused on education, testing, and treatment, the Chinese government coupled with compliance from the masses can take substantial steps towards managing and eventually eradicating HBV as a public health concern.
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Fry, S. A. "Momentum Analysis for a Cascade of Flat Plates in Supercavitating Flow." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part A: Power and Process Engineering 202, no. 2 (1988): 97–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/pime_proc_1988_202_014_02.
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The forces exerted upon a cascade of hydrofoils in supercavitating flow are analysed by considering momentum changes in the flow between stations upstream and downstream of the cascade. Unlike potential flow models the momentum model takes account of turbulent mixing of the wake with the outer flow (as occurs in real flow) and it is possible to calculate the resulting energy losses. Unfortunately, however, this global approach does not permit cavity lengths to be estimated. A semi-empirical theory is developed which allows lift and drag force cavitation characteristics to be calculated for flat plate cascades. Experimental results are compared with theoretical predictions from the momentum theory and from both linear and non-linear potential flow theories.
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Siedlecka, Monika. "Load-bearing capacity of a truss girder during assembly." Inżynieria i Budownictwo LXXIX, no. 11-12 (2023): 652–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0054.1384.
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The paper highlights the differences between the operating stage and the assembly phases, the differences in the static diagrams and the loads of the truss girder. The source and different ways of estimating the dynamic loads and the air resistance loads generated at the assembly stage are shown. The operation assumes that the installation process is carried out in windless conditions and therefore that there is no wind load. The whole is illustrated by examples showing the difference in the cross-sectional forces and the concentration of the truss rods during the operating and vertical lift phases. The smaller of the following was considered as a criterion: section load capacity, global stability and local bar stability.
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Lin, Ro-ting. "P.1.23 Gaps between international conventions and national asbestos ban policies: a global perspective." Occupational and Environmental Medicine 76, Suppl 1 (2019): A83.1—A83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oem-2019-epi.225.
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IntroductionThere is an international consensus that the most efficient way to eliminate asbestos-related diseases is to stop using asbestos. However, 80% of the global population lives in countries that lack any national policy that achieves a total ban on asbestos. We investigated whether national policies were in line with international conventions and identified countries that lag behind the global trend toward a total asbestos ban.MethodsWe obtained data on the year that each country implemented policies that ban chrysotile, crocidolite, and amosite. We also obtained the list of countries that have ratified the C162 Asbestos Convention and the Basel Convention, and their date of ratification. Data retrieved from the search databases were compiled for statistical analysis. We calculated the numbers and proportions of countries enforcing total bans, partial bans, and no bans.ResultsAs of 2018, there were 62 countries implemented the total asbestos ban policy. Countries that ratified both conventions and countries that ratified either one or unratified any convention, we found the former group had a higher proportion of implementing total ban compared to the latter group (65% vs. 41%, p-value<0.05). However, some countries, such as Russia and Kazakhstan, are still among the biggest producers of asbestos, despite they have ratified C162. Asbestos may have been consumed longer in countries not ratifying conventions than those ratifying conventions.ConclusionsHistorical asbestos consumption and loose regulations have introduced challenges to eliminate asbestos-related diseases. Although several countries have reoriented the national policy in line with the global trend of banning all types and forms of asbestos, the gap between adopting interventional conventions and developing national policies remain, warranting efforts to analyze driving forces behind successful political processes to ratify the international conventions, establish asbestos control limits, and eventually create a national policy for a total asbestos ban.