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1
Grauby, Françoise. "Force mentale; Fabio Montale: Total Khéops au risque de la psychanalyse." Australian Journal of French Studies 43, no. 1 (January 2006): 80–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/ajfs.43.1.80.
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Vasseur-Bacle, S., J. L. Roelandt, and C. Noel. "Empowerment en santé mentale : recommandations et perspectives." European Psychiatry 30, S2 (November 2015): S89—S90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2015.09.386.
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L’Organisation mondiale de la santé (OMS) définit l’empowerment comme faisant « référence au niveau de choix, de décision, d’influence et de contrôle que les usagers des services de santé mentale peuvent exercer sur les événements de leur vie (…). La clé de l’empowerment se trouve dans la transformation des rapports de force et des relations de pouvoir entre les individus, les groupes, les services et les gouvernements » (Wallerstein, 2006). L’OMS mentionne également les aidants dans le Pacte européen pour la santé mentale et le bien-être (2004, 2007) : « L’empowerment des personnes avec un problème de santé mentale et des aidants sont des priorités pour la prochaine décennie ». Suite aux 4e rencontres internationales du centre collaborateur de l’OMS pour la recherche et la formation en santé mentale (CCOMS, Lille, France), 21 recommandations en faveur de l’empowerment des usagers des services de santé mentale et des aidants ont été définies (document disponibles : http://www.ccomssantementalelillefrance.org/?q=promotion-des-indicateurs-d%E2 %80 %99empowerment). Cette première étape est le fruit d’un travail conjoint entre usagers, aidants, élus et professionnels. Une seconde étape, en cours, consiste à associer des indicateurs d’empowerment permettant de dresser une cartographie de l’empowerment en santé mentale en Europe. Cette communication présentera le concept d’empowerment en santé mentale, la promotion de cette notion par l’OMS et les 21 recommandations. La discussion portera sur la question fondamentale suivante : comment promouvoir de manière concrète ces recommandations ?
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Delorme, André, and Michel Gilbert. "Que serait une oeuvre sans son cadre ?" Santé mentale au Québec 39, no. 1 (July 10, 2014): 47–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1025906ar.
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Une réforme ne peut voir le jour et atteindre ses objectifs sans être soutenue de diverses façons. Au Québec, le Plan d’action en santé mentale 2005-2010 – La force des liens a introduit de nombreuses réformes de fond et de forme dans le réseau de services en santé mentale. Cet article voudra explorer quelles formes d’encadrement peuvent soutenir cette réforme et à quel point ces formes ont été exploitées ou devraient l’être. Il pourra ainsi soutenir la réflexion sur les moyens d’encadrement qu’il faudra utiliser pour soutenir le prochain plan d’action actuellement en rédaction au ministère de la Santé et des Services sociaux.
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Maillard, Isabelle. "Lignes de force de l'évolution des politiques publiques relatives à la santé mentale des adolescents." Santé Publique 23, HS (2011): 127. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/spub.110.0127.
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Benoit, Monique, Janine Bell, and Anne Marise Lavoie. "La santé mentale de jeunes étudiantes franco-ontariennes d’une université bilingue en Ontario." Articles, no. 9 (February 26, 2018): 207–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1043503ar.
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Une recherche qualitative menée auprès de jeunes étudiantes francophones du nord de l’Ontario a permis de déceler des situations de détresse psychologique amplifiée par la difficulté de faire face à l’usage de la langue française au sein d’une université à vocation bilingue. Est-ce le fait d’une insécurité linguistique et/ou culturelle ? Les étudiantes rencontrées ont montré que la force d’assimilation au bilinguisme s’inscrit dans une double minorisation à la fois linguistique, où la langue québécoise est employée comme une langue standard, et culturelle où les valeurs anglomajoritaires représentent la seule norme culturelle. Cette réalité provoquée par l’isolement tant linguistique que culturel des étudiantes agirait sur la santé mentale et le rendement universitaire de ces jeunes.
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Kim Turgeon, Marie-Ève, and Wayne Richard Halliwell. "L'évolution du concept de force mentale chez les athlètes : mise à jour des connaissances et limites méthodologiques." Staps 92, no. 2 (2011): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/sta.092.0007.
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Clément, Michèle. "Participation publique et santé mentale : la réponse contrastée et inachevée des utilisateurs de services." Santé mentale au Québec 40, no. 1 (July 22, 2015): 81–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1032384ar.
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L’auteure rend compte ici des résultats d’une recherche qualitative qui avait pour objectif de faire un premier état de situation de la participation des personnes utilisatrices de services à la suite de l’implantation, en 2005, du Plan d’action en santé mentale : la force de liens [PASM]. Le PASM comportait en effet une directive rendant nécessaire la participation des usagers à tous les exercices de planification et d’organisation des services de santé mentale. Pour ce faire, l’auteure revient sur la manière dont a été reçue cette directive, l’émergence et la diversité des regroupements d’usagers qui en a résulté, les modalités avec lesquelles les usagers se sont engagés dans les dispositifs institués de participation (lieux investis, soutien reçu, prises de position) ainsi que sur les facteurs reconnus avoir favorisé ou nuit aux expériences de participation. Il ressort de cet état de situation que si la directive du PASM visant la participation des usagers a permis de multiplier et de régionaliser les occasions de participation, son imprécision a donné lieu à de multiples interprétations qui n’ont pas toujours desservi son implantation.
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Delawarde, C. "Le rêve américain de l’enfant parfait prouvé scientifiquement." European Psychiatry 28, S2 (November 2013): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2013.09.046.
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En France, ces dernières années, le nombre de recommandations émises par les institutions de santé publique afin de prévenir et de promouvoir la santé mentale des populations n’a cessé d’accroître (e.g. Ministère de la Santé, 2012). De multiples publications provenant de champs disciplinaires très distincts (telles que l’économie, la psychologie, ou encore les neurosciences) recommandent de développer des interventions préventives fondées sur des données scientifiques probantes à destination des parents et de leurs jeunes enfants. D’après la revue de la littérature scientifique, l’objectif principal de ces programmes est de prévenir la survenue de troubles mentaux, de conduites antisociales, de la délinquance, de crimes, de l’abus de substance mais aussi de promouvoir la santé mentale et physique, les compétences parentales, et les compétences psychosociales des jeunes enfants dans une perspective de développement sanitaire, social et économique [1]. Les économistes promeuvent également l’implantation de programmes ciblés à destination des familles vulnérables afin de réduire les inégalités sociales de santé et d’accroître l’efficience économique des sociétés (en « préparant » la force de travail de demain) [3]. Alors qu’ils sont aujourd’hui largement intégrés aux systèmes de santé nord-américains, la question de leur implantation en France se heurte à des questions particulières d’ordre clinique et épistémologique [2]. Comment implanter des programmes evidence-based standardisés évalués dans le cadre de dispositifs expérimentaux stables et constants, sous-entendant une universalité des maladies mentales, du bien-être, de la parentalité, de l’éducation, indépendamment du contexte socioculturel dans lesquels ils s’inscrivent ? Une enquête sociologique de trois mois a été réalisée aux États-Unis au sein d’un important centre de recherche économique chargé d’évaluer l’efficience des « Early Childhood Evidence-Based Interventions ». Ce séjour parmi les économistes a été l’opportunité de réaliser plusieurs observations ethnographiques et de comprendre différents enjeux liés à ces interventions evidence-based.
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Laflamme, Anne-Marie. "Troubles mentaux et accommodement raisonnable au travail : les potentialités du droit québécois." Santé mentale au Québec 42, no. 2 (November 16, 2017): 39–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1041913ar.
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Le travail constitue un puissant vecteur d’intégration sociale pour les personnes souffrant de troubles de santé mentale, en plus de leur procurer des bénéfices thérapeutiques. Pourtant, celles-ci demeurent encore largement exclues du marché du travail. Les obstacles à leur pleine participation résident dans les préjugés dont elles sont victimes et la nécessité d’adapter le travail à leurs besoins et à leurs capacités. Au Canada, l’approche des droits fondamentaux et, en particulier, l’obligation d’accommodement raisonnable sont bien ancrées dans la jurisprudence depuis le milieu des années 1980. De nature constitutionnelle, cette obligation de portée étendue n’est limitée que par la preuve d’une contrainte excessive. Elle force ainsi les milieux de travail à prendre en compte la réalité des personnes handicapées, notamment celle des personnes souffrant de troubles mentaux. À partir d’une étude de la jurisprudence québécoise, cet article explore les potentialités de cette obligation d’accommodement afin de favoriser l’accès et le maintien en emploi des personnes souffrant de troubles mentaux. Selon cette étude, l’obligation d’accommodement impose une démarche novatrice qui tient compte de la situation particulière de la personne handicapée et qui implique la participation de toutes les parties prenantes. Par la mise en place de mesures visant la modification de l’environnement psychosocial du travail, elle ouvre la voie à des pratiques favorisant la prévention primaire des troubles de santé mentale, au bénéfice de tous.
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Bourassa, Chantal. "La complexité et la pluralité des expériences maternelles en contexte de violence conjugale." Hors-thème, no. 12 (September 10, 2010): 111–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/044395ar.
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L’étude présentée dans le cadre de cet article porte sur la complexité et la pluralité des expériences maternelles des femmes violentées par leur conjoint. Nous avons analysé des entrevues qualitatives effectuées auprès de 12 femmes francophones du Nouveau-Brunswick ayant vécu de la violence conjugale. Selon les résultats, celles-ci sont parvenues, en dépit du contexte de violence, à trouver la force et le courage pour réaliser adéquatement leur rôle maternel. Cependant, toutes les mères étaient de l’avis que le contexte de violence constituait une contrainte dans l’exercice de leur maternité. Également, les difficultés financières, les problèmes de santé mentale et les expériences antécédentes de violence avaient créé des embûches dans l’accomplissement de leur rôle maternel. Enfin, la fatigue, la frustration, la ressemblance du fils au père et le sentiment d’être dépassée par ses responsabilités familiales étaient des sources d’ambivalence maternelle chez les mères. Cette ambivalence pouvait aboutir, dans certains cas, à des comportements violents à l’égard des enfants.
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Lingiardi, Vittorio, and Annalisa Tanzilli. "La diagnosi psicodinamica in un'ottica contemporanea." RICERCA PSICOANALITICA, no. 3 (October 2011): 9–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/rpr2011-003002.
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I più diffusi manuali di classificazione diagnostica come l' (ICD; vedi World Health Organization, OMS, 1992) e il (DSM; vedi American Psychiatric Association, APA, 2000), nelle loro varie edizioni, si fondano su un approccio alla psicopatologia descrittivo, ateorico e sostanzialmente . Questa impostazione ha suscitato nei clinici di formazione dinamica reazioni diverse: disinteresse, insoddisfazione, diffidenza, ostilità. La recente comparsa di procedure di valutazione e manuali diagnostici di ispirazione psicodinamica, ma ben ancorati alla ricerca empirica, quali la (SWAP-200; Westen, Shedler, 1999a,b; Westen, Shedler, Lingiardi, 2003) e il (PDM; PDM Task Force, 2006) ha promosso una "rivoluzione culturale" nella comunità dei professionisti della salute mentale, valorizzando un approccio alla diagnosi più vicino alla pratica clinica e più compatibile con interventi di tipo psicoterapeutico. Dove la diagnosi non è solo un'etichetta, ma anche un processo valutativo capace di ricondurre il sintomo al contesto di personalità e a un trattamento a misura di paziente.
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Gorman, Maureen. "P.A. Lichtenberg. A guide to psychological practice in long-term care. New York: Haworth Press, 1994." Canadian Journal on Aging / La Revue canadienne du vieillissement 16, no. 1 (1997): 166–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0714980800014239.
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RÉSUMÉLichtenberg présente d'abord son programme complet de services psychologiques comme un modèle pratique destiné essentiellement au personnel des établissements de soins de longue durée. Les cinq premiers chapitres traitent des éléments du modèle notamment, de la neuropsychologie, de l'utilisation de l'approche interdisciplinaire et de la formation des auxiliaires en services de soutien en santé mentale. Il aborde ensuite les aspects cliniques séparément, entre autres, l'abus d'alcool, la psychothérapie, la sexualité et la situation des soignants. La force du texte repose certainement sur les excellentes suggestions d'intervention et sur les exemples bien présentés. Cependant, plusieurs des références citées sont dépassées et le lectorat est mal défini. Dans l'ensemble, on pourrait penser que l'ouvrages' adresse avant tout aux étudiants de première année de maîtrise en psychologie, au personnel administratif ou encore à quiconque le travail des gérontopsychologues ne serait pas familier. Les psychologues d'expérience qui songent à entreprendre une carrière en gérontopsychologie apprendront beaucoup de ce livre. Par contre les gérontopsychologues établis auront déjà fait l'expérience directe des systèmes généraux et des problèmes de communication.
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Béland, François, Anne Lemay, and Ginette Lavoie. "Les urgences psychiatriques dans un contexte de sectorisation." Santé mentale au Québec 18, no. 1 (September 11, 2007): 227–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/032257ar.
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RÉSUMÉ La psychiatrie de secteur est une réalité du système de soins psychiatriques dans la région de Montréal depuis une quinzaine d'années. Dans un milieu urbain dense, où les limites territoriales des secteurs sont étrangères au lieux d'habitation, la sectorisation peut poser de graves problèmes d'accès. Par ailleurs, dans la mesure où la distribution des services de santé mentale sur un territoire suit les principaux axes de la circulation urbaine, la sectorisation peut être la consécration d'un état de fait, son succès étant alors garanti par la force des choses. L'accès aux services d'urgence psychiatrique dans un territoire sectorisé de l'île Jésus est examiné à l'aide des données des archives des hôpitaux Sacré-Coeur et Cité de la Santé. Les données démontrent que les patients ayant une affection psychiatrique se présentent au service d'urgence de l'hôpital de leur secteur. Les habitudes d'utilisation de ces patients des services d'urgence ne sont pas différentes de celles des utilisateurs de tous les types de soins, psychiatriques ou non, pour quelques raisons que ce soit. Cependant, il y a un effet de halo du lieu d'utilisation des services psychiatriques sectorisés sur les services psychiatriques non sectorisés. L'effet de la sectorisation sur l'utilisation des services et leur accès est donc complexe.
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Sorriaux, Véronique, Louis Von Theobald, Emmanuelle Cartron, and Alain Golay. "Évaluation de l’outil « arbre de vie » en éducation thérapeutique du patient." Education Thérapeutique du Patient - Therapeutic Patient Education 12, no. 2 (2020): 20203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/tpe/2020012.
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Introduction : Issu du courant des thérapies narratives, l’outil « arbre de vie » a été introduit comme soutien à l’élaboration du diagnostic éducatif dans un programme d’ETP puis comme espace d’expression pour le patient. L’objectif de cette étude est d’évaluer l’intérêt de cet outil en support d’un programme d’ETP. Méthodologie : Une étude qualitative descriptive a été menée à partir de données recueillies dans le cadre d’un programme d’ETP en santé mentale. L’observation de dessins et l’utilisation des verbatims recueillis dans le cadre d’entretiens thérapeutiques ont permis de construire avec les patients leur arbre de vie et d’analyser l’intérêt de cet outil. Résultats : À partir des mots écrits sur l’arbre, le soignant questionne les récits de vie afin d’être au plus près de l’expérience de la personne qu’il accompagne. L’arbre de vie apporte une plus-value car elle est utilisable en transversal sur l’ensemble du programme d’éducation thérapeutique. Le patient retrouve une richesse de vie et une force d’actions souvent oubliées avec la maladie chronique. Ce sont les « branches » qui comportent le plus de mots. Ainsi, les valeurs et les projets de vie sont cités fréquemment dans le cadre de la dimension métacognitive. L’arbre de vie permet d’accéder aux ressources de la personne notamment « le bon humour » mentionné souvent dans la « Casita ». Finalement, la créativité amenée par la métaphore de l’arbre de vie peut conduire le patient à faire face aux difficultés rencontrées dans la maladie chronique. Discussion : L’arbre de vie utilisé dans un programme d’éducation thérapeutique semble adapté pour comprendre le patient dans ses différentes dimensions.
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Cournoyer, Marilou, Réal Labelle, Claude Berthiaume, and Lise Bergeron. "Quels sont les syndromes du DSM-5 les plus associés aux idées suicidaires chez les adolescents ? Analyses selon l’âge et le sexe." Revue de psychoéducation 45, no. 1 (March 17, 2017): 41–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1039157ar.
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Cette étude transversale vise à déterminer la force d’association entre cinq catégories de syndromes du DSM-5 et les idées suicidaires en fonction de l’âge et du sexe. Quatre cent soixante-quatre jeunes âgés de 12 à 15 ans en contexte scolaire (237 filles; 227 garçons) et 141 adolescents en milieu clinique (62 filles et 79 garçons) de Montréal participent à l’étude. Chaque adolescent complète le Dominique Interactif pour Adolescents, un instrument d’évaluation de la santé mentale. En contexte scolaire, 8,6 % des adolescents présentent des idées suicidaires et 37,6 % en milieu clinique. Les résultats indiquent une forte association entre les idées suicidaires et la dépression dans les deux échantillons, indépendamment de l’âge et du sexe. Dans l’échantillon scolaire, les adolescents déprimés et les jeunes âgés de 14 et 15 ans sont plus susceptibles de présenter des idées suicidaires. De plus, les garçons avec des comportements perturbateurs et les filles présentant des symptômes de TDAH ont plus de possibilité d’avoir des idées suicidaires. Dans l’échantillon clinique, les syndromes associés aux idées suicidaires sont la dépression et la consommation de substances. La présence de dépression représente un facteur de vulnérabilité important, tant chez les filles que chez les garçons indépendamment de l’échantillon scolaire ou clinique. De plus, la présence de l’une ou l’autre des cinq catégories de syndromes psychiatriques, telle que nous l’avons évaluée, augmente le risque de présenter des idées suicidaires chez les adolescents. Les résultats de cette étude appuient la pertinence d’une identification précoce des syndromes du DSM-5 et l’importance du dépistage précoce chez les jeunes du secondaire.
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Maccaro, Alessia. "Matto da slegare. Bioetica tra rispetto della prassi tradizionale e diritti umani / Madmen to untie. Bioethics between respect of cultural practices and human rights." Medicina e Morale 65, no. 2 (September 21, 2016): 155–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/mem.2016.432.
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Demonologia, culti, ritualità e miti religiosi molto spesso in territorio africano si congiungono con questioni relative alla cura. Ad oggi ancora diffusissima è la sovrapposizione tra insanità mentale e possessione diabolica, tipica della mentalità animista che conduce al gravoso problema dell’emarginazione e della contenzione del paziente psichiatrico. Il malato mentale incute paura alla comunità che ne teme il contagio, sicché il più delle volte, si affida il malato a sette religiose o a centri di preghiera, in cui i sedicenti guaritori, sciamani e santoni si fanno pagare cifre molto elevate per imprigionare all’interno di tronchi di albero o incatenare a ceppi o blocchi di cemento l’ammalato, così da neutralizzare la potenza maligna. La vita in catene rende gli ammalati storpi, talvolta li porta alla morte per malnutrizione ed incuria. In questo modo questioni relative alla salute, alla cura, incrociandosi con ritualità religiose, chiamano irrimediabilmente in causa la bioetica ed i diritti rispetto ad un problema non più posponibile. Si tratta di una barbarie che avviene nel completo disinteresse dell’OMS e delle grandi organizzazioni internazionali che conoscono l’incubo di questi “prigionieri” almeno da 30 anni, da quando il beninese Gregoire Ahongbonon, il “Basaglia nero” ha fondato in Costa d’Avorio la sua “Saint Camille de Lellis di Bouaké” e ha cominciato – letteralmente – a liberare i malati di mente dalle catene. L’analisi proposta intende precisare che, pur nel rispetto delle differenti culture, c’è un limite che non è possibile valicare: quello del rispetto dei diritti umani che è la base ed alla base di ogni discorso sul pluralismo e sull’Intercultura. ---------- In Africa, demonology, cults, rituals and religious myths are very often combined with issues related to health care. Today the overlap between insanity and demonic possession is still widely widespread. It is typical of the animist mentality that leads to the serious problem of psychiatric patient marginalization and restraint. The mentally ill arouses dread in the community that fears the contagion, so in most cases, the patient commits herself/himself to religious sects or to prayer centers, where the healers, shamans and gurus charge very high prices to imprison the patient in tree trunks or to chain up the patient to stumps or concrete blocks, in order to neutralize the evil force. Life in chains makes the sick patients lame, and sometimes leads them to death for malnutrition and neglect. In this way, issues related to health and health care, intersecting with religious rituals, involve bioethics and rights compared with a problem that cannot be postponed any further. It is a matter of barbarity that takes place in the complete disregard of WHO and of the major international organizations, aware of the nightmare experienced by these “prisoners” since at least 30 years, when Gregoire Ahongbonon from Benin, the “black Basaglia”, established in the Ivory Coast his “Saint Camille de Lellis of Bouaké” and – literally – began to release the mentally ill patients from the chains. The proposed analysis aims to clarify that, even if respecting the different cultures, there is a limit that cannot be crossed: the respect of human rights that is the basis and the foundation of every discourse on pluralism and interculture.
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Murshed, Mazlena Binti. "The Reliability Analysis for Force Concept Inventory." International Journal of Psychosocial Rehabilitation 24, no. 5 (March 31, 2020): 143–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.37200/ijpr/v24i5/pr201677.
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Thompson, James M., Mark A. Zamorski, Jill Sweet, Linda VanTil, Jitender Sareen, Robert H. Pietrzak, Wilma H. Hopman, Mary Beth MacLean, and David Pedlar. "Roles of physical and mental health in suicidal ideation in Canadian Armed Forces Regular Force veterans." Canadian Journal of Public Health 105, no. 2 (March 2014): e109-e115. http://dx.doi.org/10.17269/cjph.105.4217.
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Reid, Steven, and Joanne Turner. "Mental Health Task Force Support Group." Psychiatric Bulletin 19, no. 10 (October 1995): 649. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.19.10.649-a.
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Thompson, Chris. "Mental Health Task Force Support Group." Psychiatric Bulletin 20, no. 4 (April 1996): 242. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.20.4.242-b.
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Buchanan, Alec. "The treatment of mentally disordered offenders under capacity-based mental health legislation." International Journal of Mental Health and Capacity Law, no. 20 (September 8, 2014): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.19164/ijmhcl.v0i20.241.
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<p>I agree that someone’s lack of mental capacity, or their inability to make proper choices, as I would prefer, has an intuitive moral force as a criterion for coercing them to accept care. The authors of “A Model Law Fusing Incapacity and Mental Health Legislation” (henceforth AML) are right also, I think, when they suggest that this moral force is reflected in the law’s widespread use of “choice based” criteria to<br />determine when and to what degree a medical patient’s stated wishes will be respected. I also agree that bad legislation can contribute to the stigmatization of the mentally ill.</p><p>As AML points out, mental health legislation has to incorporate many principles, some of which are in tension with each other. AML uses, as an example, the balance that has to be achieved between maximizing patient autonomy, on the one hand, and ensuring their safety and that of others, on the other. An essential principle in mental health legislation is that mentally disordered offenders need treatment and that the law should seek to ensure that they get it. As would be the case for any law, other principles will need to be respected too; but this one seems crucial. I am not convinced that the need to ensure treatment receives sufficient attention in AML. I also have some concerns over the details of what is proposed.</p>
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Kronick, Rachel, G. Eric Jarvis, and Laurence J. Kirmayer. "Refugee mental health and human rights: A challenge for global mental health." Transcultural Psychiatry 58, no. 2 (March 31, 2021): 147–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13634615211002690.
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This article introduces a thematic issue of Transcultural Psychiatry that presents recent work that deepens our understanding of the refugee experience—from the forces of displacement, through the trajectory of migration, to the challenges of resettlement. Mental health research on refugees and asylum seekers has burgeoned over the past two decades with epidemiological studies, accounts of the lived experience, new conceptual frameworks, and advances in understanding of effective treatment and intervention. However, there are substantial gaps in available research, and important ethical and methodological challenges. These include: the need to adopt decolonizing, participatory methods that amplify refugee voices; the further development of frameworks for studying the broad impacts of forced migration that go beyond posttraumatic stress disorder; and more translational research informed by longitudinal studies of the course of refugee adaptation. Keeping a human rights advocacy perspective front and center will allow researchers to work in collaborative ways with both refugee communities and receiving societies to develop innovative mental health policy and practice to meet the urgent need for a global response to the challenge of forced migration, which is likely to grow dramatically in the coming years as a result of the impacts of climate change.
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Tsukawaki, Ryota, and Tomoya Imura. "Relationship between Types of Forced Laughter and Mental Health: Mediating Effects of Social Support and Self-Concept Clarity." International Journal of Psychological Studies 12, no. 1 (January 7, 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijps.v12n1p1.
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We explored the relationship between four types of forced laughter (expression control, intimacy maintenance, action control, and affect manipulation) and mental health as well as the mediating effects of social support and self-concept clarity. The Forced Laughter Scale (FLS), General Health Questionnaire-12 (GHQ-12), Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MPSS), and Self-Concept Clarity Scale (SCC) were completed by 184 (63 male, 119 female) Japanese university students. The results of investigating the relationships between the four types of forced laughter and mental health demonstrated that expression control had a negative correlation with mental health, while intimacy maintenance had a positive correlation. Affect manipulation and action control did not demonstrate significant correlations. Mediation analysis revealed that the negative correlation between expression control and mental health can be explained by a low level of perceived social support and self-concept clarity. Conversely, it was revealed that the positive correlation between intimacy maintenance and mental health can be explained by a high level of perceived social support. This study found that forced laughter in daily life can have both positive and negative correlations with mental health depending on the situation in which one forces a laugh and their intention for doing so.
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Waluś, Konrad J. "Experimental Determination of Vehicle Lateral Drift Characteristics under Laboratory Conditions." Applied Mechanics and Materials 232 (November 2012): 836–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.232.836.
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Safe driving requires from the driver several visual-mental activities (perception, recognition and decide) and manual activities relating to the implementation of specific movements. Vehicle responding to the given force is subjected a three axial loads that are transferred through the frictional coupling of tire and pavement Generated during the movement, in particular, curvilinear, lateral drift forces act directly on the tire tread and indirectly by steering to the driver. The value of these forces depends on the angle of the lateral drift, motion parameters and surface type. The paper presents results of experimental determination of lateral forces on the drift the running machine with five-component hub.
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Sloman, L., M. Pierrynowski, M. Berridge, S. Tupling, and J. Flowers. "Mood, Depressive Illness and Gait Patterns." Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 32, no. 3 (April 1987): 190–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/070674378703200306.
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This study measures the ground force patterns of 87 normal, older adults. It tests the hypothesis that there is a relation between a subject's mood as measured by the Beck Inventory, and the ground reaction forces as measured by a force plate during normal gait. Results showed that the push-off force in the posterior and downward directions was correlated with the expression of mood state. Lower mood individuals demonstrated a smaller push-off force and these ground force patterns of low mood state subjects resembled the patterns found in a previous study of clinically depressed patients. It is suggested that gait measurement could provide a sensitive index of level of depression in a clinical population.
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Turner, Sarah, Tamara Taillieu, Kristene Cheung, Mark Zamorski, David Boulos, Jitender Sareen, and Tracie O. Afifi. "Child Abuse Experiences and Perceived Need for Care and Mental Health Service Use among Members of the Canadian Armed Forces." Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 62, no. 6 (March 22, 2017): 413–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0706743717699177.
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Objective: Child abuse is associated with poor mental health outcomes in adulthood. However, little is known about how a history of child abuse may be related to perceived need for care (PNC) and mental health service use (MHSU) among Canadian military personnel. The objectives of this study were to determine 1) the relationship between child abuse history and PNC and 2) the relationship between child abuse history and MHSU in the Canadian military. Method: Data were drawn from the 2013 Canadian Forces Mental Health Survey ( n = 6692 Regular Force personnel between the ages of 18 and 60 years). Logistic regression was used to examine the relationships between individual child abuse types and PNC and MHSU while adjusting for sociodemographic variables, the presence of mental disorders, deployment-related variables, and other types of child abuse. Population attributable fractions (PAFs) were calculated to estimate the proportion of PNC and MHSU that may be attributable to child abuse. Results: Each individual child abuse type was associated with increased odds of PNC and MHSU after adjusting for all covariates (adjusted odds ratio ranging from 1.26 to 1.80). PAFs showed that if any child abuse did not occur, PNC and MHSU among Regular Force personnel may be reduced by approximately 14.3% and 11.3%, respectively. Conclusions: This study highlights that preenlistment factors, such as a history of child abuse, have an independent association with PNC and MHSU and hence need to be considered when assessing the mental health service needs of the Canadian Regular Force personnel.
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Gabriel, Anna, Carolin T. Lehner, Chiara Höhler, Thomas Schneider, Tessa P. T. Pfeiffer, Janine Diehl-Schmid, and Joachim Hermsdörfer. "Anticipatory and Reactive Grip Force Control in Patients with Alzheimer’s Disease: A Pilot Study." Journal of Alzheimer's Disease 82, no. 4 (August 17, 2021): 1651–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jad-210387.
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Background: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) affects several cognitive functions and causes altered motor function. Fine motor deficits during object manipulation are evident in other neurological conditions, but have not been assessed in dementia patients yet. Objective: Investigate reactive and anticipatory grip force control in response to unexpected and expected load force perturbation in AD. Methods: Reactive and anticipatory grip force was investigated using a grip-device with force sensors. In this pilot study, fifteen AD patients and fourteen healthy controls performed a catching task. They held the device with one hand while a sandbag was dropped into an attached receptacle either by the experimenter or by the participant. Results: In contrast to studies of other neurological conditions, the majority of AD patients exerted lower static grip force levels than controls. Interestingly, patients who were slow in the Luria’s three-step test produced normal grip forces. The timing and magnitude of reactive grip force control were largely preserved in patients. In contrast, timing and extent of anticipatory grip forces were impaired in patients, although anticipatory control was generally preserved. These deficits were correlated with decreasing Mini-Mental State Examination scores. Apraxia scores, assessed by pantomime of tool-use, did not correlate with performance in the catching task. Conclusion: We interpreted the decreased grip force in AD in the context of loss of strength and lethargy, typical for patients with AD. The lower static grip force during object manipulation may emerge as a potential biomarker for early stages of AD, but more studies with larger sample sizes are necessary.
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Tobin, John P. "Observations on the mental health of a civilian population living under long-term hostilities." Psychiatric Bulletin 24, no. 2 (February 2000): 69–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.24.2.69.
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The civilian population of southern Lebanon has endured military conflict, civil war, and two invasions since the foundation of the State of Israel in 1948. Currently part of the south is under Israeli occupation forming a buffer zone between Israel and the hostile forces of the Hizbollah and Amal militias. The Israeli Defence Forces are aided by the South Lebanese Army which is the remnants of a Christian militia. The Hizbollah is supported by Iran and Syria and is the dominant force outside the occupation zone. In the south of Lebanon there is a United Nations mandate force which is attempting to return Lebanese government control over the south, decrease hostilities, protect the civilian population and provide humanitarian aid. This is part of the humanitarian mandate of the United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon (UNIFIL) that I had the opportunity to observe and to treat the mental health problems of the civilian population who were living under long-term artillery bombardment and living with continuous fluctuating conflict. Under such circumstances, rigorous scientific methodology in assessing the mental health of the population is extremely difficult. In order to operate effectively, as well as my own rudimentary Arabic, a translator was required. A translator does more than just translate language they also translate custom, culture and provide a valuable source of local information. Utilising my own observations and those of my valued translator, Basima, I did my best to assess how the civilian population coped with what was difficult circumstances. These assessments are value laden and I suppose are in many ways personal. My position as a military psychiatrist in the United Nations allowed me access to both the occupation zone and unoccupied Lebanon.
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Boulos, David, and Deniz Fikretoglu. "Differences between the Canadian military’s Regular and Reserve Forces in perceived need for care, mental health services use and perceived sufficiency of care: a cross-sectional survey." BMJ Open 9, no. 9 (September 2019): e028849. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-028849.
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ObjectiveThe primary objective was to explore differences in perceived need for care (PNC), mental health services use (MHSU) and perceived sufficiency of care (PSC) between Canadian Armed Forces Regular Force (RegF) and Reserve Force (ResF) personnel with an objective need for mental health services.DesignData came from the 2013 Canadian Armed Forces Mental Health Survey, a cross-sectional survey of serving personnel (n=72 629). Analyses were among those with an Afghanistan deployment and an identified mental disorder (population n=6160; sampled n=868). Logistic regression compared PNC, MHSU and PSC between RegF and ResF. Covariate-adjusted marginal prevalence difference estimates were computed.Primary outcome measureThe primary outcomes were PNC, MHSU and PSC. Each had three service categories, including an aggregate ‘any’ of the three: (1) information about problems, treatments or services; (2) medication and (3) counselling.ResultsResF had an 10.5% (95% CI −16.7% to −4.4%) lower perceived need for medication services but PNC differences were not significant for other service categories. MHSU tended to be lower for ResF; 9.1% (95%CI −15.5% to −2.6%) lower for medication, 5.4% (95% CI −11.5% to 0.7%) lower, with marginal significance, for counselling and 11.3% (95% CI −17.3% to −5.2%) lower for the ‘any’ service category. Additionally, ResF tended to have a lower fully met need for care; 13.4% (95% CI −22.1% to −4.6%) lower for information, 15.3% (95% CI −22.9% to −7.6%) lower for counselling and 14.6% (95% CI −22.4% to −6.8%) lower for the ‘any’ service category.ConclusionsOur findings suggest MHSU and PSC differences between Canadian RegF and ResF personnel that are not fully accounted for by PNC differences. Deficits in ResF members’ perceptions of the sufficiency of information services and counselling services suggest perceived, or experienced, barriers to care beyond any PNC barriers. Additional research assessing barriers to mental healthcare is warranted.
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Dyer, C. "Court upholds force feeding for mental illness." BMJ 309, no. 6968 (December 10, 1994): 1531. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.309.6968.1531a.
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Wattis, John, and Chris Thompson. "The Mental Health Task Force Support Group." Psychiatric Bulletin 19, no. 4 (April 1995): 250–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.19.4.250.
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The Mental Health Task Force was set up by the Secretary of State for Health under the leadership of David King to assist in the process of the closure of the large mental hospitals and to ensure adequate provision was made to replace their services. Its strategic objectives, to be accomplished by the end of 1994, were to map the replacement of the remaining large institutions by good quality services, ensuring that this happened effectively; to identify what makes a service good and find ways of ensuring that services possessed these qualities; and to develop a vision of the shape of the mental health market in years to come. To assist in this a wide support group of about 20 people was set up. This included representatives of the Department of Health, Research and Development in Psychiatry, carer organisations, users, social services, general practice, nursing and the Royal College of Psychiatrists. The authors represented the College.
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Dr.K.M., Ashifa. "Psychosocial Support Assessment among Women Police force in India." International Journal of Psychosocial Rehabilitation 23, no. 3 (September 20, 2019): 811–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.37200/ijpr/v23i3/pr190369.
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Cange, Charles W., Andrea L. Wirtz, Odette Ky-Zerbo, Marcel Lougue, Seni Kouanda, and Stefan Baral. "Effects of traumatic events on sex workers' mental health and suicide intentions in Burkina Faso: a trauma-informed approach." Sexual Health 16, no. 4 (2019): 348. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sh17213.
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Background Data from other settings suggest that female sex workers (FSWs) are regularly exposed to violence and risks of psychological and physical trauma, although less is known about the effects of this violence. The objective of this study was to understand the experiences of violence and relationships with mental health symptomatology among FSWs. Methods: A mixed-methods design was used to explore the contexts and social perceptions of violence and mental health effects among FSW in Burkina Faso in 2013. Results: In all, 696 FSWs were recruited via respondent-driven sampling and enrolled in the study in Ouagadougou and Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso. Seventy participants were also recruited into qualitative research. Nearly two-thirds of quantitative respondents (61.7%) reported experiencing lifetime physical violence, of whom 77.4% reported experiencing violence after initiating sex work. Further, 40.9% of participants reported forced non-consensual sex, most of which occurred after they had started sex work (73.0%). In some cases, the male perpetrator used physical force to force non-consensual sex. Forced non-consensual sex was often without condoms. Among quantitative participants, 41.8% reported ever having feelings of depression; there was also a high prevalence of suicide ideation in this group. Qualitative participants also described feelings of depression, alienation, and suicide ideation. Some qualitative participants described using protective methods to avoid violence and to promote social protection among FSWs. Conclusions: The findings suggest that stigma and physical and sexual abuse are prevalent among FSWs. Within this context of sex work, lifetime experiences of physical and sexual violence were highly correlated with self-reported mental health symptoms.
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Thériault, François L., Bryan G. Garber, Franco Momoli, William Gardner, Mark A. Zamorski, and Ian Colman. "Mental Health Service Utilization in Depressed Canadian Armed Forces Personnel." Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 64, no. 1 (July 17, 2018): 59–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0706743718787792.
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Background: Major depression is prevalent, impactful, and treatable in military populations, but not all depressed personnel seek professional care in a given year. Care-seeking patterns (including the use of primary vs. specialty care) and factors associated with the likelihood of mental health service utilization in depressed military personnel are poorly understood. Methods: Our sample included 520 Regular Force respondents to the 2013 Canadian Forces Mental Health Survey. All study participants had past-year major depression. Subjects reported whether they had spoken about their mental health with at least one health professional in the past 12 months. We used multivariate Poisson regression to explore factors associated with past-year mental health service use. Results: Three-quarters of Canadian military personnel with past-year depression had sought mental health care in the previous 12 months. Among care-seeking personnel, 70% had seen a psychologist or psychiatrist, while 5% had exclusively received care from a primary care physician. Belief in the effectiveness of mental health care was the factor most strongly associated with care seeking. Female gender, functional impairments, and psychiatric comorbidities were also associated with care seeking. Surprisingly, stigma perceptions had no independent association with care seeking. Conclusions: The proportion of depressed Canadian Armed Forces personnel who seek professional care and who access specialty mental health care is higher than in most other populations. However, an important minority of patients are not accessing health services. Efforts to further increase mental health service utilization in the Canadian military should continue to target beliefs about the effectiveness of mental health care.
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McFadden, Brian. "The social context of narrative disruption in The Letter of Alexander to Aristotle." Anglo-Saxon England 30 (December 2001): 91–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263675101000047.
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David Williams has recently argued that medieval representations of the monster give humans an image of divinity, but one which can never be totally understood or described. Positive theology, the via positiva, attempts to take what is known of divinity and then to derive more precise statements about the nature of God; it attempts to contain God in human thought and language. The via negativa, by contrast, forces humans to discard the idea of any positive knowledge about God, since reason and language are inadequate to the task of containing or describing a being so totally other to humans. Alexander the Great, the narrator of the Old English Letter of Alexander to Aristotle, experiences such a negation in his campaign in India; he attempts to describe the wondrous beings and races which he encounters with his army, and his narrative of conquest functions as a metaphor for containing the encountered world in thought, description and mental order. However, he is resisted at every turn by natives, monsters and classical divinities; he is forced to realize that his reason and his force are incapable of containing divine power as manifested in the natural world of India.
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Wade, Darryl, Louise Mewton, Tracey Varker, Andrea Phelps, and David Forbes. "The impact of potentially traumatic events on the mental health of males who have served in the military: Findings from the Australian National Survey of Mental Health and Wellbeing." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 51, no. 7 (September 30, 2016): 693–702. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0004867416671413.
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Objective: The study investigated the impact of potentially traumatic events on mental health outcomes among males who had ever served in the Australian Defence Force. Method: Data from a nationally representative household survey of Australian residents, the 2007 National Survey of Mental Health and Wellbeing, were used for this study. Results: Compared with community members, Australian Defence Force males were significantly more likely to have experienced not only deployment and other war-like events but also accidents or other unexpected events, and trauma to someone close. For non-deployed males, Australian Defence Force members were at increased risk of accidents or other unexpected events compared to community members. After controlling for the effect of potentially traumatic events that were more prevalent among all Australian Defence Force members, the increased risk of mental disorders among Australian Defence Force members was no longer evident. For non-deployed males, Australian Defence Force and community members were at comparable risk of poor mental health outcomes. A significant minority of Australian Defence Force members had onset of a mental disorder prior to their first deployment. Conclusions: Deployment and other potentially traumatic events among Australian Defence Force members can help to explain their increased vulnerability to mental disorders compared with community members. Providers should routinely enquire about a range of potentially traumatic events among serving and ex-serving military personnel.
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Johnson, Richard R. "Suspect Mental Disorder and Police Use of Force." Criminal Justice and Behavior 38, no. 2 (January 4, 2011): 127–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0093854810388160.
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R. Zohar, Asnat, and Sharona T. Levy. "Attraction vs. repulsion – learning about forces and energy in chemical bonding with the ELI-Chem simulation." Chemistry Education Research and Practice 20, no. 4 (2019): 667–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9rp00007k.
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This work seeks to solve one of the basic problems in chemistry learning: understanding the chemical bond as a dynamic equilibrium between attractive and repulsive forces. This force-based model is difficult to grasp, as there are no analogues from everyday life for both attractions and repulsions happening simultaneously. In addition, current teaching approaches often mislead by using mainly the ‘octet rule’ heuristic. As a result, students construct naïve models of the chemical bond, usually viewing atoms as solid balls that are attached to each other in order to “achieve an octet.” To represent the force-based dynamics of the bond, we designed the ELI-Chem learning environment. This environment enables interaction as an atom with another atom while observing the underlying forces and the potential energy curve. Our theoretical framework is based on Embodied Learning theory by relating conceptual learning to bodily experiences. The study uses qualitative and quantitative methods with 21 high school chemistry students in a pretest–intervention–posttest design. During a 40 minute activity with the ELI-Chem simulation, students were prompted to discover the underlying forces of bonding and relate them to energy changes. Findings show that learning with the ELI-Chem simulation supports students in gaining the knowledge elements that are required to build the dynamic force-based mental model of chemical bonding, and to conceptualize chemical energy as due to forces. Finally, the design principles of the ELI-Chem environment are discussed. Aligned with science standards, attending to students’ difficulties, and using the advantages of a computer simulation, the ELI-Chem environment provides an appropriate representation of chemical bonding, which is more valid scientifically yet makes the abstract concept accessible.
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Hamad, Saad Salih. "Applications of Force During Colonoscopy and the Effect of Propofol Anesthesia." International Journal of Psychosocial Rehabilitation 24, no. 1 (January 20, 2020): 1870–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.37200/ijpr/v24i1/pr200289.
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Thériault, François L., R. A. Hawes, B. G. Garber, F. Momoli, W. Gardner, M. A. Zamorski, and I. Colman. "Incidence of major depression diagnoses in the Canadian Armed Forces: longitudinal analysis of clinical and health administrative data." Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology 55, no. 5 (September 26, 2019): 581–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00127-019-01754-2.
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Abstract Purpose Major depression is a leading cause of morbidity in military populations. However, due to a lack of longitudinal data, little is known about the rate at which military personnel experience the onset of new episodes of major depression. We used a new source of clinical and administrative data to estimate the incidence of major depression diagnoses in Canadian Armed Forces (CAF) personnel, and to compare incidence rates between demographic and occupational factors. Methods We extracted all data recorded in the electronic medical records of CAF Regular Force personnel, at every primary care and mental health clinical encounter since 2016. Using a 12-month lookback period, we linked data over time, and identified all patients with incident diagnoses of major depression. We then linked clinical data to CAF administrative records, and estimated incidence rates. We used multivariate Poisson regression to compare adjusted incidence rates between demographic and occupational factors. Results From January to December 2017, CAF Regular Force personnel were diagnosed with major depression at a rate of 29.2 new cases per 1000 person-years at risk. Female sex, age 30 years and older, and non-officer ranks were associated with significantly higher incidence rates. Conclusions We completed the largest study to date on diagnoses of major depression in the Canadian military, and have provided the first estimates of incidence rates in CAF personnel. Our results can inform future mental health resource allocation, and ongoing major depression prevention efforts within the Canadian Armed Forces and other military organizations.
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Rossler, Michael T., and William Terrill. "Mental Illness, Police Use of Force, and Citizen Injury." Police Quarterly 20, no. 2 (December 15, 2016): 189–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1098611116681480.
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Police departments are increasingly becoming the primary entity for managing incidents involving persons with mental illness, thereby leading to calls for additional research. Drawing on a multicity use-of-force research project, the current inquiry examines whether citizens displaying signs of mental illness are subjected to higher levels of police use of force, and whether they are more likely to be injured, controlling for a host of relevant predictors. The findings show that officers use higher levels of force on persons with mental illness, but such citizens are not at an enhanced risk of injury. The policy and research implications of the findings are discussed.
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Taillieu, Tamara L., Tracie O. Afifi, Sarah Turner, Kristene Cheung, Janique Fortier, Mark Zamorski, and Jitender Sareen. "Risk Factors, Clinical Presentations, and Functional Impairments for Generalized Anxiety Disorder in Military Personnel and the General Population in Canada." Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 63, no. 9 (January 5, 2018): 610–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0706743717752878.
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Objective: This study sought to examine differences in sociodemographic risk factors, comorbid mental conditions, clinical presentations, and functional impairments associated with past-year generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) between Canadian Armed Forces (CAF) Regular Force personnel and the Canadian general population (CGP). Method: Data were from 2 nationally representative surveys collected by Statistics Canada: 1) the Canadian Community Health Survey on Mental Health, collected in 2012 ( N = 25,113; response rate = 68.9%); and 2) the Canadian Forces Mental Health Survey, collected in 2013 ( N = 8,161; response rate = 79.8%). Results: The prevalence of lifetime and past-year GAD was significantly higher in the CAF (12.1% and 4.7%) than in the CGP (9.5% and 3.0%). Comorbid mental disorders were strongly associated with GAD in both populations. Although the content area of worry and the GAD symptoms endorsed were similar, CAF personnel were significantly more likely to endorse specific types of worries (i.e., success at school/work, social life, mental health, being away from home or loved ones, and war or revolution) and specific symptoms of GAD (i.e., restless, keyed up, or on edge and more irritable than usual) than civilians, after adjusting for sociodemographic covariates and comorbid mental disorders. CAF personnel with past-year GAD reported significantly higher functional impairment at home than civilians with past-year GAD. Conclusion: GAD is a substantial public health concern associated with significant impairment and disability in both military and civilian populations. GAD in military and civilian populations shows similarities and differences: Key similarities include its extensive comorbidity and significant functional impairment, whereas key differences include the focus of worries and symptom profile.
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Quosh, Constanze. "Mental health, forced displacement and recovery." Intervention 11, no. 3 (November 2013): 295–320. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/wtf.0000000000000012.
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Pérez-Sánchez, Javier Ricardo, and Francisco Grandas. "Early Postural Instability in Parkinson’s Disease: A Biomechanical Analysis of the Pull Test." Parkinson's Disease 2019 (October 24, 2019): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/6304842.
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Postural instability in Parkinson’s disease (PD) is commonly assessed by the pull test. This clinical test may be biased by the variability of the pull force applied. Our objective was to study the postural responses elicited by reproducible pull forces in healthy subjects and PD patients at different stages of the disease. We performed a multimodal approach that included a systematic analysis of the pull force needed to reach the backward limit of stability (FBLoS) assessed by mechanically produced forces, the displacements of the center of pressure (CoP) recorded on a force platform, and the latencies and patterns of activation of the stabilizing muscles. Comparisons between groups were performed by univariate and multivariate statistical analyses. Sixty-four healthy subjects and 32 PD patients, 22 Hoehn–Yahr (H–Y) stages I-II and 10 H–Y stage III, were studied. In healthy subjects, FBLoS decreased with aging and was lower in females. Mean (SD) FBLoS was 98.1 (48.9) Newtons (N) in healthy subjects, 70.5 (39.8) N in PD patients H–Y stages I-II, and 37.7 (18.9) N in PD patients H–Y stage III. Compared to healthy subjects and when adjusted for age and gender, PD patients H–Y stages I-II exhibited the following: (a) a reduced FBLoS; (b) larger CoP displacements and higher velocities for the same applied force; and (c) combined ankle and hip strategies elicited by less intense pull forces. All of these abnormalities were more pronounced in H–Y stage III PD patients compared to H–Y stages I-II PD patients. In conclusion, patients in the early stages of PD already exhibit a degree of postural instability due to inefficient postural adjustments, and they can more easily be destabilized by small perturbations than healthy subjects. This balance impairment becomes more pronounced in more advanced PD. In the pull test, pull force to step back should be a variable to consider when testing balance in clinical practice.
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Schouler-Ocak, M. "Women Mental Health and Trafficking." European Psychiatry 41, S1 (April 2017): S9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.078.
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“Trafficking in persons,” “human trafficking,” and “modern slavery” have been used as umbrella terms for the act of recruiting, harboring, transporting, providing, or obtaining a person for compelled labor or commercial sex acts through the use of force, fraud, or coercion. Trafficking in persons is an insult to human dignity and an assault on freedom, and robbing basic human rights (US Report, 2015). Reliable data on trafficking are difficult to obtain owing to its illegal nature; the range and severity of trafficking activities; and variations in how trafficking is defined. It is supposed that 49 per cent of the victims are women, 21 per cent girls, 18 per cent men and 12 per cent boys. 53 per cent were involved in sexual exploitation and 40 per cent in forced labor (UN, 2014).Research findings show that the limitations of current methodologies affect what is known about human trafficking and health. Moreover, findings demonstrate an urgent need for representative and non–purposive recruitment strategies in future investigations of trafficking and health as well as research on risk and protective factors related to human trafficking and health, intervention effectiveness, long-term health outcomes. The psychological impact of victimization may be more severe than the physical violence. Victims who have been rescued from sexual slavery, typically present with various psychological symptoms and mental illnesses, including the following: Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), depression, anxiety, panic disorder, suicidal ideation, Stockholm syndrome, and substance abuse. In this talk current findings will be presented and discussed.Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his declaration of competing interest.
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George, Steve. "Physical restraint and the law in England." British Journal of Mental Health Nursing 9, no. 3 (August 2, 2020): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/bjmh.2019.0021.
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The Mental Health Units (Use of Force) Act 2018 is due to come into force, with the aim of increasing the management and oversight of the use of force in mental health hospitals. It does not, however, provide any powers for staff to lawfully restrain patients. Nursing staff must rely on a miscellany of legal provisions and authorities to justify the physical restraint of patients. This article sets out the circumstances when mental health nurses may lawfully use physical restraint on patients, with reference to domestic and European legislation and case law.
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Benkunskas, Valdas. "PSICHIKOS SUTRIKIMŲ TURINČIŲ ASMENŲ PRIVERSTINIO HOSPITALIZAVIMO TEISINIO REGULIAVIMO YPATUMAI." Sveikatos mokslai 23, no. 6 (December 21, 2013): 18–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5200/sm-hs.2013.127.
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The article analyzes peculiarities of legal regulation of involuntary hospitalization of people with mental disorders in the context of Lithuania and other states. The analysis is based on jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights and, especially, the criteria of legal involuntary hospitalization framed in the case Winterwerp v. Netherlands in 1979. Article 5 of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms anchors that no one can be deprived of freedom, unless (among other cases) in case when “mentally ill” persons are detained. The judgement in the case Winterwerp v. Netherlands was the first to frame the three criteria, based on which it is stated that a person can be legally hospitalized by force under the Section (e) Part 1 Article 5 of the Convention. The first criterion is identification of the objective medical information on the impairment of mental health of a person. The criterion requires duly averment of that the person is “mentally ill” (has a mental disorder). If the event of mental disorder is confirmed, there is a formal possibility (in case of the aggregate of all preconditions) to hospitalize such person by force thus restricting his/her freedom and personal immunity and if, on the contrary, the fact of mental disorder is not confirmed, the person cannot formally be considered “mentally ill” or be hospitalized by force. The second criterion is gravity of a mental disorder, which means exacerbation of mental health of a person to the extent justifying the necessity to isolate the person by force. The precedent law of the ECHR directly relates gravity of a mental disorder to signs of hazard at self and others. Legal acts usually do not regulate the signs, based on which one could assess hazard of actions of a person. The duty to prove gravity of exacerbation of mental condition of a person, i.e. hazard of his/her actions, falls on psychiatrists. The third criterion guarantees restoration of the personal right for freedom in case restriction of such freedom becomes disproportionate to gravity of exacerbation of mental health of the person. A person hospitalized by force can be kept in a medical institution by force as long as his/her mental disorder and gravity of the mental disorder necessarily requires doing so. The requirement establishes the right for the person hospitalized by force to undergo periodical revisions of legality of such restriction of his/her freedom.
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Garcia, Shawn M. S., Brian V. Ortman, and Daniel G. Burnett. "Mental Health Diagnoses and Attrition in Air Force Recruits." Military Medicine 180, no. 4 (April 2015): 436–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.7205/milmed-d-14-00311.
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Singh, D. "Learning disability task force criticises draft mental health bill." BMJ 326, no. 7382 (January 25, 2003): 184f—184. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.326.7382.184/f.
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