Journal articles: 'Forced air purification system'

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Yoda, Yoshiko, Kenji Tamura, Sho Adachi, Naruhito Otani, Shoji F. Nakayama, and Masayuki Shima. "Effects of the Use of Air Purifier on Indoor Environment and Respiratory System among Healthy Adults." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 10 (May 23, 2020): 3687. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17103687.

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Air purifiers have become popular among ordinary families. However, it remains controversial whether indoor air purification improves the respiratory health of healthy adults. A randomized crossover intervention study was conducted with 32 healthy individuals. The subjects were categorized into two groups. One group continuously used true air purifiers, and the other followed with sham air purifiers for 4 weeks. Following this first intervention, all the subjects underwent a 4-week washout period and continued with the second 4-week intervention with the alternate air purifiers. We collected fine particulate matter (PM) ≤ 2.5 µm in aerodynamic diameter (PM2.5), coarse particulate matter between 2.5 and 10 µm in aerodynamic diameter (PM10–2.5) and ozone (O3). The subjects’ pulmonary function and fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) were measured during the study period. The indoor PM2.5 concentrations decreased by 11% with the true air purifiers compared to those with sham air purifiers. However, this decrease was not significant (p = 0.08). The air purification did not significantly improve the pulmonary function of the study subjects. In contrast, an increase in the indoor PM10–2.5 and O3 concentration led to a significant decrease in the forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1.0)/forced vital capacity (FVC) and maximal mid-expiratory flow (MMEF), respectively. In conclusion, air purification slightly improved the indoor PM2.5 concentrations in ordinary homes but had no demonstrable impact on improving health.

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Gevod, V. S., and I. A. Borisov. "Influence of air bubble flow structure on the rate of water purification by the bubble-film extraction method." Water Supply 19, no. 8 (August 12, 2019): 2298–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2019.112.

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Abstract Bubble-film extraction (upgraded bubble flotation) is one of the modern methods for purifying contaminated water from surface-active impurities. The features of this method have been considered from the standpoints of the equilibrium and dynamics of surfactant accumulation on floated air bubbles with different sizes. Within a certain ratio of dimension and quantity of air bubbles in their stream transferring adsorbed surfactants from the water bulk into the bubble-film extractor, the productivity of the process increases many times. The effect is ensured by a collective fusion of big and small air bubbles in their close-packed state (embedded system) inside the bubble-film extractor. The driving forces are impulses of capillary waves initiated at the bursting of big air bubbles as constituent ‘destructive’ units of that system.

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Raos, Miomir, Ljiljana Zivkovic, Amelija Djordjevic, and Branislav Todorovic. "Modelling of the filter-adsorber type air cleaner by using neural network." Facta universitatis - series: Physics, Chemistry and Technology 7, no. 1 (2009): 23–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fupct0901023r.

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It is well known that most air purifying methods imply the passing of air flow, as a pollutant carrier, through a control unit which retains impurities. Properties of the air control unit and the purifying process itself therefore differ depending on the nature of present impurities, as well as on flow-thermal properties of air as the carrier of those impurities. For the assumed conditions, in terms of production of a pollution source and presence of different polluting substances in the form of dust, aerosols, gas, vapor in the exhaust gas, etc., an integrated gas purifier has been designed and tested, comprising a module for purification of mechanical impurities and a module for purification of gaseous impurities. The purifier is compact and has a universal application while simultaneously retaining several different pollutants. These requirements were met through application of the filtration and adsorption methods. On the formed experimental line with an adequate system of acquisition, filter-adsorber type gas cleaners in the function of flow-thermal parameters of gas mixture were tested simultaneously. Experimental data were used for training the radial basis function neural network, which was then used to model properties of the process and gas cleaner.

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Okorokova, Nadezhda, Aleksandr Perchenok, Stanislav Sevruk, Elena Suvorova, Ariadna Farmakovskaya, and Kyaw Thu. "Application of mechanical filters for purification of electrolyte from solid products of the air and aluminum chemical cell reaction." Journal of Applied Engineering Science 18, no. 4 (2020): 713–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/jaes0-28158.

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This work presents the results of the development and application of a filtration unit - a cartridge filter with a throttle (discharge) hole - for separating the solid phase - crystalline aluminum hydroxide Al(OH)3, formed during long-term operation of an air and aluminum chemical cell with alkaline electrolyte and power plants based on them. The main theoretical provisions on the filtration mechanism using the discharge hole are formulated, according to which the filtration process consists of two types of filtration - blowout piping and particle coupling. The developed method made it possible to: purify electrolyte with low friction to electrolyte flow at high concentrations of the solid phase; ensure long-term performance of the purification system with large masses of the solid phase formed; be able to quickly regenerate the electrolyte; have a small mass and volume; leave a sufficient amount of solid phase in the electrolyte so that the crystals of aluminum hydroxide passing through the filter are a seed for the crystallization of dissolved aluminum in the circuit. The studies carried out allowed us to conclude that the use of mechanical cartridge filters with an orifice hole is an effective and reliable method for cleaning the electrolyte of a power plant with an air and aluminum chemical cell.

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Meng, Shujuan, Minmin Zhang, Meng Yao, Zhuguo Qiu, Yubin Hong, Weiguang Lan, Haiping Xia, and Xue Jin. "Membrane Fouling and Performance of Flat Ceramic Membranes in the Application of Drinking Water Purification." Water 11, no. 12 (December 10, 2019): 2606. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11122606.

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Membrane technologies have been widely applied in surface water treatment for drinking water purification. The main obstacles to the large scale application of membranes include membrane fouling, energy consumption and high investment. This study systematically investigated the performance of a hybrid system including in-situ coagulation and membrane module. The key parameters of a membrane system, including initial flux, operation mode (intermediate or continuous, time intervals, backwashing and aeration) was comprehensively investigated. In addition, the treatment performance in terms of turbidity, organic matter removal, membrane fouling and cleaning, and the effect of coagulants, were also studied. It was found that flat ceramic membranes with in-situ coagulation for surface water treatment performed much better without aeration and frequent backwashing, which gave interesting and important implications for future applications of a flat ceramic membrane, especially in drinking water purification. The hybrid system can achieve a high-water flux of 150 L/m2·h (LMH) for 8 h operation without aeration and backwash. The removal of turbidity, UV254 and COD can achieve 99%, 85% and 81%, respectively. The cake layer on the membrane surface formed from the coagulation flocs turned out to prevent the membrane to be exposed to organic pollutant immediately which minimized the fouling problem. In addition, the fouling layer on the membrane surface can be easily cleaned by air scouring and backwash at the end of experiments, with a water flux recovery of higher than 90%. These results in this study provided an alternative strategy for membrane fouling control and energy conservation.

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Linghu, Jianshe, Jinhua Chen, Jianbin Zhou, and Wangang Jiang. "A “full spectrum-domain-time” coalbed gas utilization model and its application in mining area." Energy Exploration & Exploitation 39, no. 4 (March 28, 2021): 1235–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/01445987211001179.

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Coalbed gas (CBG) has been widely used as an important energy source. However, its utilization and allocation system is imperfect in mining areas. During the utilization process, a large amount of CBG is discharged into the air, causing environmental pollution. In this study, we proposed a “full spectrum-domain-time” CBG utilization model. In this model, by combining high methane concentration gas power generation, low methane concentration gas purification, and ultra-low methane concentration gas thermal storage and oxidation utilization, we were able to utilize CBG with full-spectrum of methane concentrations. In addition, by establishing CBG transportation and storage system in mining area, we were able to realize CBG supply in the entire network domain. Furthermore, based on the time series prediction algorithm, the CBG demand of different mining areas is predicted and regulatorily met by real time allocation. Through these three steps, an efficient “full spectrum-domain-time” CBG utilization system was formed and practically applied in Yangquan mining area. The application results showed that under the comprehensive control of “full spectrum-domain-time” CBG utilization model, CBG with methane concentration ≥0.2% could be used in the mining area and its utilization rate increased year by year, reaching the highest of 77.15%. Overall, our study provided a reference for the efficient CBG utilization in the mining area.

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Ткач, Михайло Романович, Борис Георгійович Тимошевський, Аркадій Юрійович Проскурін, and Юрій Миколайович Галинкін. "МЕТАЛОГІДРИДНИЙ АКУМУЛЯТОР-КОМПРЕСОР ВОДНЮ З АВТОМАТИЧНОЮ СИСТЕМОЮ УПРАВЛІННЯ ТА КОНТРОЛЮ." Aerospace technic and technology, no. 5 (August 29, 2020): 53–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.32620/aktt.2020.5.07.

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A project of metal hydride hydrogen compressor is presented, which can be used as an element of refueling complexes, hydrogen storage and compression systems. The capacity of the developed sample is 40 kg of hydrogen, the mass is 4,8 ton, and the maximum compression pressure is 15 MPa. The base metal hydride material on the basis of which this compressor battery model is developed is LaNi4.5Al0.5. the sorption capacity of hydrogen of which is determined experimentally, and is at least 1.38 % by weight. A feature of the developed compressor battery is the use of air cooling, the presence of an automatic monitoring and control system, I allow a number of operations to be performed in automatic mode, and the use of software, electrical and automatic protection against overpressure. Each accumulator-compressor is made in the form of a steel box in which six blocks (capsules) are placed. The block, respectively, is made in the form of a steel coaxial multilayer cylinder, on the outer side of which there is a heating element and a layer of thermal insulation. In the middle of the cylinder is a sealed capsule filled with metal hydride material. Capsules are interconnected with the collector through a piping system. Also, the piping system is equipped with an inlet valve connecting the volume formed with an external receiver. The battery-compressor is equipped with an external receiver, to which a hydrogen, vacuum, nutrient and consumable outline is connected. Each circuit is equipped with an electromagnetic valve, as well as measuring devices, which makes it possible to carry out automatic control of parameters and automatic control of the device in accordance with the operating mode. A list of equipment is presented, on the basis of which a system of automatic control and monitoring, a block diagram of the main operating modes, an interface of the developed software are developed. Depending on the mode chosen by the operator, the automatic control and monitoring system allows activation of metal hydride materials, purification of contaminants of harmful impurities, sorption and desorption of hydrogen.

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Abd Allah, Elrafie Ahmed, Abdel Elhameed M. O. Kasif, Yasir Awad Alla Mohamed, and Ayat Abdel Elkhalig H. Mahmoud. "Simulation of ethylene oxide production from ethylene cholorhydrin." Proceedings of the Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies 84, no. 1 (January 10, 2022): 222–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.20914/2310-1202-2022-1-222-225.

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This research has been performed in the Ethylene Oxide production process. It is a flammable and colorless gas at temperatures above 11 °C. It is an important commodity chemical for the production of solvents, antifreeze, textiles, detergents, adhesives, polyurethane foam, and pharmaceuticals. Small amounts of Ethylene Oxide [EO] are used in manufacturing fumigants and sterilants for spices and cosmetics, as well as hospital sterilization for surgical equipment. Modern Ethylene oxide [EO] productions employ either air or oxygen (O2)to oxidize ethylene (C2H4) with a silver catalyst on an alumina oxide carrier[Ag/Al2O3]catalyst packed in a fixed-bed reactor (plug-flow reactor)but the oxygen-base reaction process is more desirable here we used oxygen. Mainly two reactions occur, partial oxidation of ethylene to ethylene oxide and total oxidation of ethylene to carbon dioxide and water. The design models of the process in this research based on a three-part system. They are: the reaction system, absorption system and Ethylene Oxide [EO] purification system. The largest cost in production of ethylene oxide is ethylene therefore, it’s important to optimize the selectivity towards ethylene oxide and thus reduce the consumption of Ethylene. The aim of this work is to create a simulation model of the Ethylene Oxide production process from Ethylene using Aspen Hysys V9. Also to knowing the optimum operational conditions (temperature –pressure –flow rate) for the oxidation reactions of Ethylene. The simulation was running three times with various operational conditions to make a good result. The conclusion was that during operational time the activation energy increased for both reactions which have to be compensated with increasing reactor temperature. At the same time the selectivity for producing Ethylene Oxide decreases, i.e. more carbon dioxide and water are formed. The simulation models yield Ethylene Oxide with purity of 99.2%.

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Karabanov, Sergey M., Andrey S. Karabanov, Dmitriy V. Suvorov, Gennadiy P. Gololobov, Evgeniy V. Slivkin, Mariya A. Klyagina, and Dmitriy Y. Tarabrin. "Catalytically Active Coatings on the Basis of Titanium Dioxide for Ozone Destruction." MRS Proceedings 1806 (2015): 31–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/opl.2015.673.

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ABSTRACTCreation of high efficiency and safe air purification systems is the important task caused by their wide use in living quarters, medical institutions, industrial areas. The most effective cleaning systems are the ozone based ones which is formed as the result of the corona or barrier discharge. The main disadvantage of these purification systems is high concentration of ozone in discharge air. The paper concentrates on the study of catalytically active coatings on the basis of titanium dioxide for effective destruction of ozone inside air purification systems. It is shown that use of catalytically active coatings of collecting electrodes on the basis of titanium dioxide and manganese oxide allows to decrease significantly (20-50%) the ozone concentration at the filter exit. As the results of the researches the following requirements have been determined: -

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KUTZ, GEORGE F. "A COMPRESSED AIR SYSTEM OF FORCED DRAFT." Journal of the American Society for Naval Engineers 1, no. 4 (March 18, 2009): 330–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-3584.1889.tb00533.x.

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da Silva, Letícia Lopes, Alda Graciele Claudio dos Santos Almeida, João Francisco Possari, and Vanessa de Brito Poveda. "Forced Air Warming System: Evaluation of Internal System Contamination." Surgical Infections 20, no. 3 (April 2019): 215–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/sur.2018.152.

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Borodina, Nataliiа, Serhii Cheberiachko, Yurii Cheberyachko, Оleg Deryugin, Dmytro Radchuk, and Daniil Klimov. "Study of protective efficiency of respirator with forced air supply." Journal of Scientific Papers "Social development and Security" 10, no. 6 (December 31, 2020): 192–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.33445/sds.2020.10.6.18.

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The aim of the work was to conduct experimental studies aimed at determining the protection factor of the filter respirator with forced air supply by volunteers in different modes of operation and to establish the dependence of the amount of air supplied by the fan from the air purification device to the filter’s resistance. Simulation studies to determine the protective effectiveness of the filter respirator on the testers were performed according to the procedure for determining the penetration coefficient of test aerosol – sodium chloride, as the ratio of the submask concentration of test aerosol to the ambient concentration formed in a special chamber that meets the requirements of DSTU EN 13274. Determination of the amount of air supplied by the air purification unit to the submask space and assessment of the value of positive pressure inside the mask was performed according to the procedure described in DSTU EN 12941: 2004. As a result of simulated laboratory tests to determine the protective effectiveness of filter respirators with forced air supply to the testers, it was found that the average result of the protection factor of the test samples ranged from 99.93 to 99.97, which meets the requirements of DSTU EN 12941: 2004. In addition, it was found that the amount of air treated by the fan of the air purification device for clean filters is 165 and 215 dm3/min for operating modes “Normal” and “Turbo”, while for the polluted filters it is reduced to 131 and 185 dm3/min, respectively. During the study, the compliance of the value of excess pressure in the submask space with the requirements of DSTU EN 12941: 2004, which should not exceed 2.5 mbar, was confirmed. It is also determined that the stability of the technical parameters of the air purification device is maintained in the specified range when charging the “Dinogy Li-Pol 11000mAh 14.8V 4S 25C” brand battery not less than 12 V to ensure the current value of not less than 1.6 A. The practical value of the results lies in determining the duration of protective action of the filter respirator, the choice of filter resistance to establish the scope and modes of operation in the developed personal respiratory protection equipment.

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Arsenijevic, Zorana, Zeljko Grbavcic, Bosko Grbic, Nenad Radic, Radmila Garic-Grulovic, and Mihal Djuris. "Removal of ethylene oxide from waste gases by absorption." Chemical Industry 65, no. 4 (2011): 389–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/hemind110329026a.

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Ethylene oxide (EtO) is an organic compound, which is used as starting material in the production of polymers and as sterilizing agent for thermolabile materials. Although ethylene oxide is not common as an organic pollutant, its removal from numerous emission sources (e.g. ethylene oxide production plants or food and pharmaceutical sterilizing units) is of the crucial importance because of its mutagenic, teratogenic and cancerogenic effect on human health. The objective of this paper is the experimental investigation of ethylene oxide (EtO) absorption in diluted aqueous solution of sulfuric acid in order to evaluate the applicability of this procedure as well as to obtain project parameters for industrial plant realization. It was found that absorption is suitable as the fist step in the purification treatment of high EtO concentrations in the emission gases. According to the literature data, the basic parameter that defines the scrubber efficiency is the contact time, i.e. the ratio of packing height in scrubber and velocity of gas mixture. To investigate the characteristics of wet treatment in a broad range of contact time, part of experimental studies were conducted in the system with two and with three scrubbers in series. The obtained experimental results show that the high degree of EtO removal can be achieved (>98%) when the contact time is sufficiently long (about 25 s). The process is effective until the concentration of formed glycol in the solution reaches value of about 20%. The process is safe and there is no danger of ignition and explosion of air and EtO mixture, although at the entrance to the scrubber EtO concentrations are significantly above the lower explosive limit.

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Dhathathreyan, K. S., N. Rajalakshmi, K. Jayakumar, and S. Pandian. "Forced Air-Breathing PEMFC Stacks." International Journal of Electrochemistry 2012 (2012): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/216494.

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Air-breathing fuel cells have a great potential as power sources for various electronic devices. They differ from conventional fuel cells in which the cells take up oxygen from ambient air by active or passive methods. The air flow occurs through the channels due to concentration and temperature gradient between the cell and the ambient conditions. However developing a stack is very difficult as the individual cell performance may not be uniform. In order to make such a system more realistic, an open-cathode forced air-breathing stacks were developed by making appropriate channel dimensions for the air flow for uniform performance in a stack. At CFCT-ARCI (Centre for Fuel Cell Technology-ARC International) we have developed forced air-breathing fuel cell stacks with varying capacity ranging from 50 watts to 1500 watts. The performance of the stack was analysed based on the air flow, humidity, stability, and so forth, The major advantage of the system is the reduced number of bipolar plates and thereby reduction in volume and weight. However, the thermal management is a challenge due to the non-availability of sufficient air flow to remove the heat from the system during continuous operation. These results will be discussed in this paper.

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BRATSLAVETS, B. "DEVELOPMENT OF THE METHOD OF NON-DESTRUCTIVE QUALITY CONTROL OF HARDENED CYLINDER SLEEVE OF AUTOTRAKTOR EQUIPMENT." HERALD OF KHMELNYTSKYI NATIONAL UNIVERSITY 295, no. 2 (May 2021): 275–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.31891/2307-5732-2021-295-2-275-277.

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The main part of tractor engines is the cylinder liner, which depends on the life of the machine as a whole. It is made of gray cast iron (SCh20 DSTU 1412-85) with the addition of alloying elements and subjected to the working surface of HDTV hardening. Now quality control is carried out by destructive methods (assessment of hardness, durability, structure) on specially cut templates on 1 piece. from a party to 80-100 pieces of each melting. Such control does not ensure the reliability of products, both in the quality of the base metal and heat treatment. The solution to this problem is possible by developing non-destructive quality control of each product in different periods of the process process with assessment of the properties and stress level of both the base metal (corresponding to the outer surface) and the hardened layer (inner working surface). The intensity of cylinder wear depends on the conditions of friction of the cylinder-piston ring, which are affected by the design features of the engine (power, speed, compression ratio, cooling system, as well as fuel supply and combustion, air and oil purification system), quality of fuel and oil, operating conditions and wear resistance of the cylinder material. Wear of cylinders during friction paired with a piston ring during engine operation occurs as a result of a combination of many processes occurring simultaneously: destruction of microprojections of surfaces that are destroyed by repeated plastic deformation during engagement, as well as the destruction of tired origin; setting of the material of the microprojections with subsequent deep tearing of the metal particles during the destruction of the setting unit; accumulation of abrasive particles that contribute to the intensification of wear; abrasive action of dust particles, contribution products, solid inclusions on the surface of collapsing bodies; chemical corrosion under the influence of high temperatures of gaseous products of fuel combustion; electro-chemical corrosion from the action of acids formed during the dissolution of gaseous products in condensed water vapor on the walls of the cylinders.

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Gamolich, V. Ya, A. G. Butenko, and S. Yu Smyk. "Probabilistic model for combined air purification system." Odes’kyi Politechnichnyi Universytet. Pratsi, no. 1 (June 10, 2014): 204–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.15276/opu.1.43.2014.35.

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Zhang, Hua Dong, Yan Zhen Yu, Jie Tang, and Juan Ting Wang. "Study on In Situ Purification Technology for Improving Water Quality of Reservoir Water." Advanced Materials Research 848 (November 2013): 227–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.848.227.

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In-situ purification technology is used to improve the water quality of reservoir water, which uses the biofilm formed by enrichment microbes gathering on carrier system to purify water. Results indicate that total nitrogen and algae can be effectively removed, and the average removal rate of total nitrogen and the chlorophyll a is 18.1% and 25% respectively. The result of PCR-DGGE indicates that compared with the biological community in raw water, the biofilm on ecological carriers exhibit a more diverse population structure. Fluorescent pseudomonad which can effectively remove nitrogen and pseudomonas aeruginosa which can dissolve algae have formed stable microbial population structures in the in- situ purification area.

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Silva, João C. T. R. da, and Bárbara J. T. Mederos. "Control system for forced-air cooling of horticultural products." Engenharia Agrícola 31, no. 4 (2011): 621–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-69162011000400001.

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This work is a study of the implementation of a classical controller using a tuning method referred to as IMC (Internal Model Control) and aimed at the reduction of electrical energy consumption by the appropriate relation between energy consumption and the cooling time with forced air. The supervisory system installed was able to manipulate the variable of frequency of the signal power of the exhaust fan engine (forced air module), to accelerate or decelerate the loss of heat from the product to be cooled by airflow variation that passes through the mass of the produce. The results demonstrated a reduction in energy consumption from 64% and an increase of only 8% in the cooling time to the system using PI/IMC (Proportional - Integral with IMC) tuning method compared with the system in its operating nominal condition. This PI/IMC control may be implemented directly in a frequency converter, without the need to purchase a computer or PLC (programmable logic controller) to run the dedicated application, increasing its economical viability.

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M. D. Boyette and R. P. Rohrbach. "A Low-cost, Portable, Forced-air Pallet Cooling System." Applied Engineering in Agriculture 9, no. 1 (1993): 97–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.25971.

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de Callafon, R. A., J. Zeng, and C. E. Kinney. "Active noise control in a forced-air cooling system." Control Engineering Practice 18, no. 9 (September 2010): 1045–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.conengprac.2010.05.007.

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Rodriguez Andrade, Jonathan, Ernst Kussul, and Tetyana Baydyk. "Microchannel filter for air purification." Open Physics 18, no. 1 (June 24, 2020): 241–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/phys-2020-0153.

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AbstractIn this study, we propose a new design for a microchannel filter. The closed indoor environments with which we interact daily are sources of diseases for the respiratory system of human beings. Recommendations for the design of microchannel filters for indoor air purification are proposed, implementing low-cost microequipment technology (MET) for the manufacture of the elements that constitute a microfiltration system. For the microchannel filter production, we proposed to use MET, which is a miniaturization technology and can reduce manufacturing costs. The microchannel filter was 3.75 cm in radius with a thickness of 3 mm. It had a triangular profile and a helical trajectory. It was designed, manufactured, and tested for two profile dimensions. The main purpose was to reduce the pressure drop of the air flow through the filter. We described the air flow simulation for the microchannel filter using SolidWorks. A prototype microchannel filter was constructed, which underwent manufacturing tests. It is possible to clean the microchannel using water flow, which allows us to maintain the filtration quality within an optimum range of contaminant removal.

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Fialko, N., R. Navrodska, G. Gnedash, M. Novakivskii, and G. Sbrodova. "USE AND DISPOSAL OF ACIDIC WATER CONDENSATE FROM GAS-FIRED BOILER UNITS." Municipal economy of cities 4, no. 164 (October 1, 2021): 24–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.33042/2522-1809-2021-4-164-24-30.

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During operation in boiler units of modern condensing boilers or modernization of old-style boilers, water condensate is formed due to heat-recovery equipment in the mode of cooling exhaust-gases below the dew point of water vapor. At natural gas is burned in equipment, the range of values of the pH value of the condensate is within the range of 3 ÷ 6. In this connection, the problem arises of the useful use of this condensate or its safe drainage into the sewer network. At useful use, the resulting condensate can be used for the needs of the boiler units (for washing boilers, in chemical water-purification systems) or outside the boiler house (for laundries, greenhouses, swimming pools, etc.). In the case of condensate drainage into the city sewer network, as a rule, its preliminary decarbonization is required. This is a necessary environmental measure and operational standard to protect the sewer network and related equipment, including treatment facilities, from premature wear. Among the directions of condensate decarbonization known in Ukraine, the most common are: - decarbonization by degassing by the contact method, which consists in removing CO2 from the heated solution by blowing air in the nozzle layer (ceramic or plastic), through which condensate flows. Degassing occurs due to the instability of the H2CO3 compound, which, when heated, easily decomposes into H2O and CO2; - chemical decarbonization, by combining carbon dioxide in an insoluble compound with various reagents, which are added to the container using a dispenser; - decarbonization by passing the condensate through a granular filter containing calcium carbonate, such as marble chips or lime. Removal of carbonic acid from condensate during filtration in a layer of marble chips is seen as the simplest method of decarbonization of water condensate from those considered. On the basis of this method of decarbonization, the authors propose a technical solution for the developed neutralizer with a description of its design and operating principle. The paper presents the results of calculated studies of the volumes of formed condensate and an example of its safe use in the case of modernization of a gas-fired water-heating boiler with a nominal thermal power of 1 MW by a heat-recovery system with simple or complex use of heat. It is shown that when using modern heat-recovery technologies in gas-fired boiler houses, there are different circuit and technical solutions for possible useful use or safe evacuation of acidic condensate formed during the implementation of these technologies. In cases where it is advisable to neutralize this condensate, there are effective methods for its decarbonization and appropriate equipment.

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Drapeau, R. "A forced-air self-cleaning system for a Wiley-type mill." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 79, no. 3 (July 1, 1999): 365–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/p98-102.

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A forced-air self-cleaning system was designed and installed on a Wiley-type laboratory mill. This system reduces the time required to grind a forage sample by 30%. In addition, this forced-air self-cleaning system allows the operator to remove the facial mask by reducing dust and improving air quality and diminishing health risks. Key words: Mill, self-cleaning system

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Gurung, Manoj. "IoT Based Automatic Air Pollution Monitoring and Purification System." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. 9 (September 30, 2021): 1378–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.38039.

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Abstract: Degradation of air quality, like climate change and global warming, has become an all-encompassing existential hazard to humanity and natural life. Exposure to severely polluted air on a regular basis causes pulmonary disorders and contributes to severe allergies and asthma. According to studies, more than 10 million people die each year as a result of irregularities produced directly or indirectly by air pollution. The work of Lelieveld et al. [1] sheds light on the gravity of the problem. It is estimated that by 2050, the worldwide premature mortality from air pollution will exceed 6.6 million fatalities per year (358000 from ozone, the rest from PM 2.5) [1]. As a result, we decided to focus our study on improving indoor air quality. Despite the fact that there are numerous indoor air purifiers on the market, their cost belies their effectiveness, and the effective ones are far too expensive for working-class people to afford [2]. In order to address this issue, we created an automated Internet of Things (IoT) based air filtration system that uses an automated air purifier which is triggered when air quality falls below WHO criteria. Our initiative intends to improve indoor air quality by utilizing the most cost-effective and efficient modules available. Keywords: Indoor Air Pollution, Air Purifier, IAQ, Sharp Dust Sensor GP2Y1010AU0F, IoT, Particulate Matter (PM), HEPA Filter

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Li, Jian, Yingli Fu, Jiaqi Yan, Huanlu Song, and Weibo Jiang. "Forced Air Precooling Enhanced Storage Quality by Activating the Antioxidant System of Mango Fruits." Journal of Food Quality 2019 (March 4, 2019): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/1606058.

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Effects of forced air precooling on storage quality and physiological metabolism of mangoes were evaluated in this study. Mango fruits were forced air precooled for 30 min at 0°C and then stored at 13°C. Control fruits were stored at 13°C directly. Results showed that forced air precooling treatment maintained fruit firmness, inhibited fruit peel coloration, retarded hydrolysis of polysaccharide to soluble sugar, and decreased fruit decay during storage. Biochemical studies revealed that precooling treatment could eliminate reactive oxygen species (ROS) effects by enhancing related antioxidant enzyme activities, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), glutathione reductase (GR), and polyphenoloxidase (PPO). They all contributed to the delay of mango fruit ripening and senescence in storage. These results indicate that forced air precooling treatment could maintain mango fruit quality by enhancing antioxidant activity and delaying fruit ripening.

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Gauthier, R. L. "A462 USE OF FORCED AIR WARMING SYSTEM FOR INTRAOPERATIVE WARMING." Anesthesiology 73, no. 3A (September 1, 1990): NA. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000542-199009001-00460.

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Howze, Bruce. "Loudspeaker system with forced air circulation and control circuit therefore." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 118, no. 1 (2005): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.1999381.

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Yamakage, Michiaki, Shin Kawana, Masanori Yamauchi, Shinji Kohro, and Akiyoshi Namiki. "Evaluation of a forced-air warming system during spinal anesthesia." Journal of Anesthesia 9, no. 1 (March 1995): 93–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02482048.

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Nalbandi, Habibeh, Sadegh Seiiedlou, Hamid R. Ghasemzadeh, and Faramarz Rangbar. "Innovative Parallel Airflow System for forced-air cooling of strawberries." Food and Bioproducts Processing 100 (October 2016): 440–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fbp.2016.09.002.

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Wen, Li Mei. "Design of Automatic Air Purification Device." Applied Mechanics and Materials 644-650 (September 2014): 158–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.644-650.158.

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In daily life because of polluted air people have a headache, insomnia, allergic diseases, respiratory diseases, etc. Air Purifier is also called "air cleaner" or "air sober machine". It refers to an equipment which can adsorb, decompose or transform all kinds of air pollutions,and volatilize an anion to improve the indoor air quality. In order to achieve the purpose of the microcomputer digital control of system, air purifier is designed with a single chip to reduce the artificial control. The single chip microcomputer is regarded as the core circuit part of the whole control system, the function of which is control all components of the air purification. Air purifier equipment consists of dust sensors, anion generator unit, fan module components and 4x4 matrix keyboard. Software program mainly includes: the display program, keyboard program, the clock program. This design aims at starting subsequent circuit module automatically through real-time control of air quality, achieving the function of air purification.

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HAYAMA, Hirofumi, Hideaki NAKAZATO, Manabu KISHITA, and Takashi KURABUCHI. "AN ENERGY-EFFICIENT AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM FOR COMPUTER ROOM WITH FORCED AIR COOLING EQUIPMENT." Journal of Architecture and Planning (Transactions of AIJ) 62, no. 494 (1997): 29–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3130/aija.62.29_1.

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Tao, Hu, Liu Meng, Pang Liping, and Wang Jun. "Studies on New Air Purification and Air Quality Control System of Airliner Cabin." Procedia Engineering 17 (2011): 343–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2011.10.039.

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Swamy, G. S. N. V. K. S. N. "Development of an indoor air purification system to improve ventilation and air quality." Heliyon 7, no. 10 (October 2021): e08153. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e08153.

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Hwang, J. H., C. S. Jeong, J. H. Ko, and S. Y. Yang. "A Study on Air-Conditioning System for Excavator using Forced Exhaust." Journal of The Korean Society for Fluid Power & Construction Equipments 10, no. 2 (June 1, 2013): 23–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.7839/ksfc.2013.10.2.023.

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Lennon, Robert L., Michael P. Hosking, Margaret A. Conover, and William J. Perkins. "Evaluation of a Forced-Air System for Warming Hypothermic Postoperative Patients." Anesthesia & Analgesia 70, no. 4 (April 1990): 424???427. http://dx.doi.org/10.1213/00000539-199004000-00014.

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Ashworth, Kath, and Angela Haken. "Changing from forced-air patient warming to the Inditherm Alpha system." British Journal of Healthcare Management 20, no. 5 (May 2, 2014): 212–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/bjhc.2014.20.5.212.

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Menon, R. Raajiv, Rajagopalan Vijayakumar, and Jitendra Kumar Pandey. "Selection of Optimal Air Independent Propulsion System using Forced Decision Matrix." Defence Science Journal 70, no. 1 (February 10, 2020): 103–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.14429/dsj.70.13678.

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A project management decision tool viz., forced decision matrix (FDM) is implemented in this paper towards identification of a suitable optimal air independent propulsion (AIP) system for submerged vehicles. FDM is utilised in order to handle the trade-off from amongst multiple propulsion technologies. FDM is based on multi-attribute utility theory used extensively in decision analysis situations involving persuasive multiple alternatives. The efficiency and effectiveness of this methodology to tackle complex solutions is elaborated in this paper with appropriate calculations. A rational decision-making procedure is evolved using the FDM in order to select the best suited AIP technology for a submerged vehicle. It is inferred that FDM is an effective and potential tool towards identification of best suitable solution in a multi-option environment.

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Oprzędkiewicz, Krzysztof, and Maciej Podsiadło. "The Fractional Order PID Control of the Forced Air Heating System." Pomiary Automatyka Robotyka 23, no. 1 (March 30, 2019): 5–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.14313/par_231/5.

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Gushchin, S. V., and A. V. Polonova. "Design concept of onboard air purification system for commercial aircraft." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2061, no. 1 (October 1, 2021): 012091. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2061/1/012091.

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Abstract The purpose of the article is to discuss methods of air disinfection in passenger aircraft cabins during flight. In the course of the study, a comparative analysis of modern methods of cleaning and disinfecting air in closed rooms was carried out. The efficiency, mass characteristics and energy consumption of UV sources are compared. The use of photocatalytic filters based on the phenomenon of oxidation of organic substances under the influence of sunlight in the presence of a catalyst is proposed. As a result, the authors compare the efficiency of disinfection and energy consumption when using various methods of air purification. In addition, the authors draw conclusions about the prospects of the proposed method of air disinfection using photocatalytic filters in relation to the cabins of passenger aircrafts. The schemes of rational placement of UV sources are proposed, which allow obtaining the maximum efficiency of air disinfection.

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Dzhigola, Lyudmila A., Kseniya S. Tikhonova, and Anna S. Resnjanskaja. "A NEW CATALYST SYSTEM FOR AIR PURIFICATION FROM CARBON DIOXIDE." NATURAL SCIENCES 58, no. 1 (2017): 098–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.21672/1818-507x-2017-58-1-098-102.

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Pemen, A. J. M., V. R. Chirumamilla, F. J. C. M. Beckers, W. F. L. M. Hoeben, and T. Huiskamp. "An SDBD Plasma-Catalytic System for On-Demand Air Purification." IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science 46, no. 12 (December 2018): 4078–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tps.2018.2855402.

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Alsheekh, Mohammed, Saleh E. Najim, and Hussein S. Sultan. "Air Purification and Water Generation Using A Compression Refrigeration System." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1973, no. 1 (August 1, 2021): 012091. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1973/1/012091.

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Glick, Scott, and Angela A. Guggemos. "Life-Cycle Assessment and Life-Cycle Cost as Collaborative Tools in Residential Heating System Selection." Journal of Green Building 5, no. 3 (August 1, 2010): 107–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3992/jgb.5.3.107.

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Typically the selection of a residential heating system focuses on first costs rather than the economic or environmental life cycle consequences. The use of life cycle assessment and life cycle cost methodologies in the design phase provide additional criteria for consideration when selecting a residential heating system. A comparative case study of a gas forced air and radiant solar heating system was conducted for a 3,000 square foot house located in Fort Collins, Colorado, U.S.A. The initial results of an analysis of the life cycle assessment and the life cycle cost data indicated the gas forced air system was superior, both environmentally and economically. Further data analysis pinpointed solar radiant system components for replacement in an effort to reduce both life cycle environmental emissions and costs. This analysis resulted in a hybrid radiant system using a high-efficiency gas-fired boiler, a choice that lowered both the solar radiant system's costs and emissions. This new system had slightly lower environmental impacts than both the gas forced air system and solar radiant system. Unfortunately the hybrid system had less impact on the life cycle cost with the hybrid system substantially more expensive then the gas-forced air alternative.

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Chen, Yin, Chengliang Han, Peng Chen, Zong Chen, L. Y. Liu, and T. Du. "An air circulation purifying system based on PLC." E3S Web of Conferences 51 (2018): 03006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20185103006.

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Existing air purifiers are mostly indoor air circulation, and most of them cannot achieve indoor and outdoor air circulation and provide fresh air to room. At the same time, the current air purifier filter on the market after absorbing a large amount of dust and other pollutants, if not replaced in time, is likely to cause secondary pollution. In response to these problems, this paper carried out an exploratory research that can achieve indoor and outdoor air purification device. According to the clean air volume of HEPA filter, the pressure of fan and the cross-sectional area of filter are determined, meanwhile, the air resistance of indoor and outdoor circulating air purifier, the effect of air blower on air purification efficiency and filter CADR are discussed in detail. According to the filtering characteristics of single-layer filter, a kind of indoor and outdoor circulating air purifier-single-layer filter type air purifier was designed. Among the air purifier, the PLC control circuit is used to achieve single-layer filter air purifier filter automatically replace.

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Chen, Yin, Chengliang Han, Peng Chen, Zong Chen, L. Y. Liu, and T. Du. "An air circulation purifying system based on PLC." E3S Web of Conferences 51 (2018): 03006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3scconf/20185103006.

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Existing air purifiers are mostly indoor air circulation, and most of them cannot achieve indoor and outdoor air circulation and provide fresh air to room. At the same time, the current air purifier filter on the market after absorbing a large amount of dust and other pollutants, if not replaced in time, is likely to cause secondary pollution. In response to these problems, this paper carried out an exploratory research that can achieve indoor and outdoor air purification device. According to the clean air volume of HEPA filter, the pressure of fan and the cross-sectional area of filter are determined, meanwhile, the air resistance of indoor and outdoor circulating air purifier, the effect of air blower on air purification efficiency and filter CADR are discussed in detail. According to the filtering characteristics of single-layer filter, a kind of indoor and outdoor circulating air purifier-single-layer filter type air purifier was designed. Among the air purifier, the PLC control circuit is used to achieve single-layer filter air purifier filter automatically replace.

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Munir, Muhammad Miftahul, Muhamad Prama Ekaputra, Abdul Rajak, Annisa Rahma, Ade Yeti Nuryantini, and Khairurrijal. "Fabrication of Poly(acrylonitrile)/PAN Nanofiber Using a Drum Collector Electrospinning System for Water Purification Application." Advanced Materials Research 1123 (August 2015): 281–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1123.281.

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The development of filtration technique for water purification has been performed ranging from the conventional to the advanced technique such as coagulation, sedimentation, sand filtration, reverse osmosis and nanofiltration. However, the major challenge to be addressed in the filtration technique is the tendency of membrane fouling or clogging. This effect causes a decreasein the flux and effectiveness of membrane filtration. In this study, we reported the fabrication of poly (acrylonitrile)/PAN nanofiber membrane by electrospinning technique and their application for water purification. A drum collector electrospinning system was used to produce uniform nanofiber membrane. Nanofiber membrane was fabricated from precursor solution which was prepared by dissolving poly (acrylonitrile) that has molecular weight of 150.000 g/mol in n,n-dimethylformamide (DMF). PAN nanofiber membrane were fabricated via electrospinning technique with 8wt% in concentration. The morphology of the membrane was characterized by using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). SEM analysis showed that uniform nanofiber was formed with average fiber diameter of 290-370 nm. Three different concentrations of antacid suspension were prepared as the sample in order to test the performance of PAN nanofiber as membrane filter. Flux test was carried out by applying various pressure against the membrane in order to obtain the flux values of each variation of waste water model. The purity of the filtrate was analyzed by using UV spectrophotometer and the result show a decreased absorbance by 93%.

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Cao, Wen Sheng, and Christoph Bluth. "Air Purification System on Reduction of CO2 Concentration Using Low Temperature Liquefaction." Materials Science Forum 980 (March 2020): 493–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.980.493.

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For a closed working environment, the CO2 content in the air in a closed space will rise continuously due to personnel breathing and some equipment or electronic devices, and even exceed the allowable content in the normal working environment. In order to prevent the CO2 content from exceeding the standard in the closed working environment, the method of low temperature liquefaction is used to separate the CO2 in the air. Through simulation calculation and comparison of key parameters of the process of using cascade liquefaction and nitrogen expansion liquefaction to reduce CO2 concentration in air, it is concluded that it is feasible to use cryogenic liquefaction method to separate carbon dioxide from air to purify air and improve air quality in confined space.

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Heo, Jeongwook, Sandra B. Wilson, and Toyoki Kozai. "A Forced Ventilation Micropropagation System for Photoautotrophic Production of Sweetpotato Plug Plantlets in a Scaled-up Culture Vessel: I. Growth and Uniformity." HortTechnology 11, no. 1 (January 2001): 90–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.11.1.90.

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An improved forced ventilation micropropagation system was designed with air distribution pipes for uniform spatial distributions of carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration and other environmental factors to enhance photoautotrophic growth and uniformity of plug plantlets. Single-node stem cuttings of sweetpotato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam. `Beniazuma'] were photoautotrophically (no sugar in the culture medium) cultured on a mixture of vermiculite and cellulose fibers with half-strength Murashige and Skoog basal salts in a scaled-up culture vessel with an inside volume of 11 L (2.9 gal). CO2 concentration of the supplied air and photosynthetic photon flux on the culture shelf were maintained at 1500 μmol·mol-1 and 150 μmol·m-2·s-1, respectively. Plantlets grown in forced ventilation systems were compared to plantlets grown in standard (natural ventilation rate) tissue culture vessels. The forced (F) ventilation treatments were designated high (FH), medium (FM), and low (FL), and corresponded to ventilation rates of 23 mL·s-1 (1.40 inch3/s), 17 mL·s-1 (1.04 inch3/s), and 10 mL·s-1 (0.61 inch3/s), respectively, on day 12. The natural (N) ventilation treatment was extremely low (NE) at 0.4 mL·s-1 (0.02 inch3/s), relative to the forced ventilation treatments. On day 12, the photoautotrophic growth of plantlets was nearly two times greater with the forced ventilation system than with the natural ventilation system. Plantlet growth did not significantly differ among the forced ventilation rates tested. The uniformity of the plantlet growth in the scaled-up culture vessel was enhanced by use of air distribution pipes that decreased the difference in CO2 concentration between the air inlets and the air outlet.

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Chaisrichonlathan, P., and C. Chavapradit. "Prototype of forced air cooling system for dehumidifying of orchid cut-flowers." Acta Horticulturae, no. 1167 (July 2017): 387–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2017.1167.56.

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KUROSAWA, Tsutomu, Kazuya YOSHIDA, Munehiro OKAMOTO, and Masaru TAJIMA. "Invention of an Air Forced Ventilated Micro-isolation Cage and Rack System." Experimental Animals 42, no. 4 (1993): 547–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1538/expanim1978.42.4_547.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Forced air purification system'

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