Academic literature on the topic 'Forced Degradation Method'

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Journal articles on the topic "Forced Degradation Method"

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Mladenovic, Aleksandar, Milka Jadranin, Aleksandar Pavlovic, et al. "Liquid chromatography and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of donepezil degradation products." Chemical Industry and Chemical Engineering Quarterly 21, no. 3 (2015): 447–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/ciceq141023047m.

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This study describes the investigation of degradation products of donepezil (DP) using stability indicating RP-HPLC method for determination of donepezil, which is a centrally acting reversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor. In order to investigate the stability of drug and formed degradation products, a forced degradation study of drug sample and finished product under different forced degradation conditions has been conducted. Donepezil hydrochloride and donepezil tablets were subjected to stress degradation conditions recommended by International Conference on Harmonization (ICH). Donepezi
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Mehta, Tushar N., Atul K. Patel, Gopal M. Kulkarni, and Gunta Suubbaiah. "Determination of Rosuvastatin in the Presence of Its Degradation Products by a Stability-Indicating LC Method." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 88, no. 4 (2005): 1142–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/88.4.1142.

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Abstract A forced degradation study was successfully applied for the development of a stability-indicating assay method for determination of rosuvastatin Ca in the presence of its degradation products. The method was developed and optimized by analyzing the forcefully degraded samples. Degradation of the drug was done at various pH values. Moreover, the drug was degraded under oxidative, photolytic, and thermal stress conditions. Mass balance between assay values of degraded samples and generated impurities was found to be satisfactory. The proposed method was able to resolve all of the possib
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Sonawane, S. S., P. B. Badhan, J. P. Warungse, and A. R. Shaikh. "MICROWAVE-ASSISTED FORCED DEGRADATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF A VALIDATED STABILITY-INDICATING RP-HPLC METHOD FOR VENLAFAXINE IN BULK AND CAPSULE FORMULATION." INDIAN DRUGS 53, no. 02 (2016): 47–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.53879/id.53.02.10343.

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A stability-indicating RP-HPLC method was developed and validated for venlafaxine in bulk and capsule formulation in the presence of its degradation products, generated from forced degradation studies. Venlafaxine was subjected to forced degradation under acid, alkali, wet heat, dry heat, oxidative conditions and photolytic conditions. In addition, acid, alkali and wet heat degradation was performed using microwave oven to substitute conventional degradation technique of using heating mantle with microwave oven; provided it proved that similar degradation products were obtained under microwave
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Gopika, V. C., M. S. Hisana, V. Jayakrishnan, et al. "Degradation study of Doxycycline in bulk and formulation by UV-Visible spectrophotometry." World Journal of Biology Pharmacy and Health Sciences 15, no. 2 (2023): 067–73. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10676996.

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<strong>Introduction:</strong>&nbsp;Forced degradation is a process that involves degradation of drug products and drug substances at condition more severe than accelerated conditions and thus generates degradation products that can be studied to determine the stability of the molecule. <strong>Aim and objective:&nbsp;</strong>To investigate the forced degradation study for the determination of degradation of Doxycycline by UV-Visible spectrophotometric method. <strong>Methods:&nbsp;</strong>Doxycycline sample and standard were exposed to different stress conditions (hydrolytic and oxidative d
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Nageswara Rao Jakkam, Sudhakar Chintakula, and Sreenivasa Rao Battula. "Studies on forced degradation and solid state stability of tenofovir disoproxil orotate." International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 12, no. 4 (2021): 2485–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v12i4.4891.

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In order to develop a stability regulatory system for drug substances and degraded products, a forced degradation study is an essential part in the design of the method. As per ICH Guidelines Q1A in 1993, it was established as an essential requirement for the regulatory system to assess the stability of drugs and their degradation products under the degradation studies by force. These analytical methods are helpful in the development of stability, indicating the method by conducting the studies on forced degradation with their mechanism of degradation. Drug products by degradation and new drug
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Gopika V C, Hisana M S, Jayakrishnan V, et al. "Degradation study of Doxycycline in bulk and formulation by UV-Visible spectrophotometry." World Journal of Biology Pharmacy and Health Sciences 15, no. 2 (2023): 067–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjbphs.2023.15.2.0328.

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Introduction: Forced degradation is a process that involves degradation of drug products and drug substances at condition more severe than accelerated conditions and thus generates degradation products that can be studied to determine the stability of the molecule. Aim and objective: To investigate the forced degradation study for the determination of degradation of Doxycycline by UV-Visible spectrophotometric method. Methods: Doxycycline sample and standard were exposed to different stress conditions (hydrolytic and oxidative degradation). Both standard drug and marketed formulations were use
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Shareef, Isteyaq, and Kumaraswamy Gandla. "Stability-Indicating UPLC Method Development and Validation for Sulfamethoxazole and Trimethoprim Injection with Comprehensive Forced Degradation Profiling." Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 15, no. 6 (2025): 132–36. https://doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v15i6.7224.

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Objective: To develop and validate a stability-indicating UPLC method for the simultaneous estimation of Sulfamethoxazole and Trimethoprim in injectable dosage form, including comprehensive forced degradation profiling as per ICH guidelines. Design: Experimental study involving method development, validation, and forced degradation in accordance with ICH Q2(R1) and Q1A(R2) protocols. Intervention: Chromatographic separation was achieved using a C18 column (150×4.6 mm, 5 µm) with a mobile phase of Methanol:Acetonitrile (80:20 v/v), a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min, and UV detection at 254 nm. Main Out
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Sahil, Mansuri, Vaishnav Rajat, and Goyal Anju. "Comparison of Analytical Parameters Required for Validation Forced Degradation Studies." Pharmaceutical and Chemical Journal 8, no. 3 (2021): 97–109. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13963057.

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Force degradation studies or stress testing are commonly employed in pharmaceutical industries in order to develop a stability indicating method (SIM). In forced degradation studies, drug substance (API) or a drug product is subjected to various extremities of pH, humidity, hydrolysis and oxidation, photolytic and thermal conditions which in turn produce various degrading products known as degradants. This gives an understanding about the degradation pathways of drug substance and drug products. International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) guidelines Q1A, Q1B, Q2B, Q3A and Q3B regulate the
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Sharma, Ritesh, and Shyam Pancholi. "RP-HPLC-DAD method for determination of olmesartan medoxomil in bulk and tablets exposed to forced conditions." Acta Pharmaceutica 60, no. 1 (2010): 13–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10007-010-0010-2.

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RP-HPLC-DAD method for determination of olmesartan medoxomil in bulk and tablets exposed to forced conditionsA simple, sensitive and precise RP-HPLC-DAD method was developed and validated for the determination of olmesartan medoxomil (AT-II receptor blocker) in the presence of its degradation products. Olmesartan medoxomil and all the degradation products were resolved on a C18column with the mobile phase composed of methanol, acetonitrile and water (60:15:25,V/V/V, pH 3.5 by orthophosphoric acid) at 260 nm using a photodiode array detector. The method was linear over the concentration range o
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Manjrawala, Mitali, Srinivasarao V. N. Divvela, and Rakesh Kumar. "Validated RP-HPLC Stability Indicating Method of Anti-Diabetic Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient; Saxagliptin Hydrochloride Dihydrate." DER PHARMA CHEMICA 13, no. 3 (2021): 5. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11071036.

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A simple and precise stability-indicating reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method was developed and validated for the determination of related substances of Saxagliptin drug substance. The method was developed to separate possible degradation and process related impurities. Chromatographic condition was carried out on in Zorbax SB-C8, 150 mm x 4.6 mm, 5&micro;m HPLC column with prepared buffer solution 1.0 ml of ortho phosphoric acid mixed with 0.1% of sodium dihydrogen phosphate solution, mix buffer solution and acetonitrile in ratio of 70:30(%v/v) used as mobile
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Forced Degradation Method"

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Ultramari, Mariah de Almeida. "Desenvolvimento de método indicativo de estabilidade para o antineoplásico cloridrato de doxorrubicina e avaliação da toxicidade in vitro de seus principais produtos de degradação." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/9/9141/tde-27052015-105625/.

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Em julho de 2008, a ANVISA publicou um informe técnico esclarecendo um item importante da RE nº 1 (2005), que trata sobre os estudos de estabilidade de medicamentos. Este documento originou uma nova RDC de nº 58, publicada em dezembro de 2013, a qual estabelece limites para produtos de degradação em medicamentos. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar o comportamento do antineoplástico cloridrato de doxorrubicina frente a condições de decomposição (hidrólise ácida, básica, oxidação, temperatura e fotólise), a fim de se determinar suas principais vias de degradação e também elucidar as est
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Souza, Aline de. "Desenvolvimento de metodologias indicativas de estabilidade para medicamentos utilizados como diuréticos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/9/9139/tde-15122015-084128/.

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Os diuréticos aumentam o fluxo urinário e a excreção de sódio e são utilizados para ajustar o volume e/ou a composição dos líquidos corporais em uma variedade de situações clínicas. A furosemida é um agente diurético potente que induz uma poderosa diurese. É utilizada no tratamento de edema associado com o coração e doenças renais. Nesta pesquisa objetivou-se desenvolver métodos indicativos de estabilidade para a furosemida, por eletroforese capilar em solução livre (FSCE) e cromatografia liquida de alta eficiência (CLAE). O método por FSCE utilizou um capilar de sílica fundida com comprimento
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Galdos, Angel Arturo Gaona. "Desenvolvimento de metodologias indicativas de estabilidade para medicamentos que atuam no diabetes mellitus tipo II." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/9/9139/tde-04042013-092152/.

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O diabetes mellitus (DM) é uma síndrome na qual o metabolismo de hidratos de carbono, gorduras e proteínas está alterado, por falta de secreção de insulina ou por diminuição da sensibilidade tissular a este hormônio. O DM pode ser do tipo I, também denominado diabetes mellitus insulinodependente (DMID), caracterizado pela falta de secreção da insulina, e do tipo II, também denominado diabetes mellitus não insulinodependente (DMNID), caracterizado pela menor sensibilidade dos tecidos efetores às ações metabólicas da insulina. Embora ainda não haja cura definitiva, há vários tratamentos disponív
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Santos, Ana Rita Geraldes dos. "Forced degradation study of fencarol using HPLC method." Master's thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10451/29600.

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Trabalho Final de Mestrado Integrado, Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Farmácia, 2014<br>Forced degradation is a powerful tool used routinely in pharmaceutical development in order to develop stability indicating methods that lead to quality stability data and to understand the degradation pathways of the drug substances and drug products. This paper addresses the approach to Forced Degradation Studies of different authors and displays an overview of the regulatory guidance on this topic. Moreover it describes the first steps of the development of a Forced Degradat
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Benešová, Kamila. "Forced degradation study of 1-aminohydantoin hydrochloride using HPLC method." Master's thesis, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-344706.

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CHARLES UNIVERSITY IN PRAGUE FACULTY OF PHARMACY IN HRADEC KRÁLOVÉ Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Drug Control Chromatography center JSC OlainFarm, Latvia Author: Kamila Benešová Supervisor: PharmDr. Pavla Pilařová, Ph.D. Specialized supervisor: Natalija Vovka Title: Forced degradation study of 1-aminohydantoin hydrochloride using HPLC method Forced degradation, also called stress testing, is a helpful practice carried out in order to explore changes to a drug substance under excessive external stress condition. This thesis focuses on content and characteristics of forced degradati
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Llobet, Maria Teresa Pardal Porto. "Forced degradation study of fencarol 10 mg/ml solution for injection using UPLC method." Master's thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10451/38739.

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Trabalho Final de Mestrado Integrado, Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Farmácia, 2014<br>Force degradation study is an important tool in pharmaceutical process in order to develop stability-­‐indicating methods that lead to quality data and to understand degradation pathways of drug substances and drug product. In this study, Fencarol 10mg/mL solution for injection was submitted to different conditions to determine the effect of excipients present in the formulation in assessing drug product stability and to develop and demonstrate the specificity of stability-indi
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Vinhas, Iva Margarida Carvalho. "Force degradation study in active pharmaceutical ingredient: evaluation of stability indicating methods." Master's thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10451/2681.

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Books on the topic "Forced Degradation Method"

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Furst, Eric M., and Todd M. Squires. Microrheology. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199655205.001.0001.

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We present a comprehensive overview of microrheology, emphasizing the underlying theory, practical aspects of its implementation, and current applications to rheological studies in academic and industrial laboratories. Key methods and techniques are examined, including important considerations to be made with respect to the materials most amenable to microrheological characterization and pitfalls to avoid in measurements and analysis. The fundamental principles of all microrheology experiments are presented, including the nature of colloidal probes and their movement in fluids, soft solids, an
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Book chapters on the topic "Forced Degradation Method"

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Zimmer, Markus. "Forced Degradation and Long-Term Stability Testing for Oral Drug Products: A Practical Approach." In Methods in Pharmacology and Toxicology. Springer New York, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-7686-7_4.

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Zhang, Jiahao, and Qiuwei Wang. "Research on Restoring Force Model of Built-in Steel Tube Reinforced STRC Column Joints." In Advances in Frontier Research on Engineering Structures. Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-8657-4_9.

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AbstractIn the circular steel tube confined reinforced concrete (STRC) column frame structure, because there is no effective restraint of steel tube in the joints area, it becomes a relatively weak part. Therefore, this paper proposes a STRC column joints with a section of steel tube built in the joints area, and expounds the structural form of the new joints. ABAQUS finite element analysis software is used to simulate the quasi-static test of joints. On the basis of verifying the rationality and reliability of the finite element analysis method, six joints models of build-in steel tube reinfo
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Mathew, Ceema. "Stability Testing and Analysis." In Analytical Methods for Drug Development. THINKPLUS PHARMA PUBLICATIONS, 2025. https://doi.org/10.69613/jzmjyx83.

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Stability testing determines how drug quality changes over time under various environmental conditions. ICH guidelines define accelerated, intermediate, and long-term testing protocols across different climatic zones and container closure systems. Forced degradation studies employ acid/base hydrolysis, oxidation, photolysis, and thermal stress to identify degradation pathways, establish degradation product profiles, and develop stability-indicating methods. These studies generate samples containing degradation products at detectable levels, creating worst-case scenarios for method development.
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Ranjith, K., D. Rama Sekhara Reddy, and TEGK Murthy. "Development and Validation of Stability Indicating Related Substances Method for Montelukast Sodium and Levocetirizine Dihydrochloride Combined Tablets by RP-HPLC." In Current Trends in Drug Discovery, Development and Delivery (CTD4-2022). Royal Society of Chemistry, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/9781837671090-00304.

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In this paper authors presented the development and validation of RP-HPLC method for determination of related substances present in Montelukast sodium and Levocetirizine dihydrochloride combined tablets. Chromatographic separation was achieved on Hypersil ODS (150 x 4.6 mm),5 µ column with flow rate 1 mL/min, detection wavelength 238 nm, injection volume 10 µL, column temperature 40°C and run time 75 mins. Gradient programming was used with mobile phase-A (MP-A)-50mM acetate buffer pH 5.5 and mobile phase-B(MP-B)-methanol: MP-A (90:10 %v/v). Developed method was validated as per ICH Q2(R1) gui
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Godela, Ramreddy, Yagnambhatla Rajendra, Kranthi Kumar Pola, Dr Beda Durgaprasad, and Rani Dumpala. "IMPLEMENTATION OF GREEN SOLVENT SYSTEM FOR THE ANALYSIS OF ADAPALENE IN BULK AND TOPICAL GEL FORMULATION BY RP-HPLC." In Futuristic Trends in Pharmacy & Nursing Volume 2 Book 25. Iterative International Publishers, Selfypage Developers Pvt Ltd, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.58532/v2bs25p2ch3.

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A simple and rapid stabilityindicating, RP-HPLC method was ascertained to determine adapalene in bulk and gel formulation. Separation was achieved on enable C18 column (150 x 4.6mm; 5μm) under the isocratic mode of elution by using mobile system mixture of green solvents tetrahydrofuran and methanol (30:70 V/V). The flow rate was maintained at 1.0 ml/min with runtime 10min. UV detection was done at 360 nm. The method was found to be linear for series concentration ranges from 20-100µg/ml. The limit of detection and quantification were found to be 3.27and 0.025µg/ml. Results of precision and ac
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Boichenko, Sergii, and Iryna Shkilniuk. "CAUSE-AND-EFFECT ANALYSIS OF MICROBIOLOGICAL CONTAMINATION OF MOTOR FUELS AND PROSPECTS FOR THE RATIONAL USE OF BIODEGRADATION IN THE PROCESSES OF RECYCLING WASTE FROM THE TECHNOSPHERE." In Development of scientific, technological and innovation space in Ukraine and EU countries. Publishing House “Baltija Publishing”, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/978-9934-26-151-0-31.

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The problem of landfills is one of the most important and urgent among the problems of environmental pollution. This issue needs an immediate solution not only in Ukraine but all over the world. Every human home accumulates a huge amount of unnecessary materials and products, from old newspapers and magazines, empty cans, bottles, food waste, wrappers and packaging, to broken dishes, worn clothes and broken appliances or office equipment. Every day we are forced to deal with waste: at home, in the environment). Everywhere we are surrounded by papers, plastic wrappers, glass, cellophane, etc. T
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Daci, Genti, and Rezarta Jaupi. "IP Layer Client Puzzles." In Enterprise Business Modeling, Optimization Techniques, and Flexible Information Systems. IGI Global, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-3946-1.ch002.

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It is very common today that many business models are based on offering on-line services. Profitability and efficiency of this business model relies on a secure and undisturbed Internet infrastructure. Unfortunately, services offered on Internet infrastructure, being an Open and yet untrusted network, are very often targets of Denial-of-Service and Distributed Denial-of-Service attacks. These attacks are today a serious problem for on-line services offered by many business models. Preventing or minimizing DoS and DDoS is a difficult task which could serve to many on-line service offering busin
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Coleman, DDS, Thomas A. "Detecting and Quantifying Cervical Dentin Hypersensitivity Using Air Indexing Combined with the T-Scan System." In Handbook of Research on Computerized Occlusal Analysis Technology Applications in Dental Medicine. IGI Global, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-6587-3.ch009.

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This chapter introduces the Air Indexing method for detecting and quantifying cervical dentin hypersensitivity as a companion to the T-Scan Occlusal Analysis System, which evaluates occlusal force and timing values of contacting teeth. The chapter discusses detection, diagnosis, and treatment of clinical signs and/or symptoms of Cervical Dentin Hypersensitivity (CDH). A 17-year-long retrospective study conducted between 1979 and 1996 is presented that illustrates the correlation between Cervical Dentin Hypersensitivity and its resolution following occlusal adjustment. Resulting stress from occ
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Sarkar, Dr Shyamal Kumar. "CHEMICAL STABILITY OF DRUGS." In Futuristic Trends in Pharmacy & Nursing Volume 3 Book 5. Iterative International Publishers, Selfypage Developers Pvt Ltd, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.58532/v3bapn5ch50.

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For the process of creating new medications, stability is very essential. Any pharmaceutical product that wants to be approved or accepted must first undergo stability tests, which ensure that the product's quality, safety, and efficacy will not change over its shelf life. By providing comprehensive information about drug stability, the principle of drug degradation, force degradation studies, stability studies and their classification, factors affecting drug stability, the mechanism of drug degradation, stability testing, and various methods to increase drug stability, this article will close
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Ganesan, Subbulakshmi, Priyanshi Roshan, and Ritika Mathur. "Photocatalyst Based on TiO2 and Its Application for Environmental Remediation: A Challenge to Sustainable Development." In Advanced Technologies for Science and Engineering. BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/9789815165586124020025.

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This is an overview of the photocatalyst TiO2 which gets activated under UV rays. Its use in wastewater management is discussed. TiO2 is a semiconductor that uses the transient nature of electrons and holes to produce radicals such as OH• and HO2• to degrade organic pollutants, inorganic pollutants, and pathogens, particularly into carbon dioxide, water, and oxides of organic compounds, respectively. The oxides are recycled back into the biogeochemical cycle. TiO2 differs in its structure such as anatase, brookite, and rutile, and hence its properties. Besides this, there are several methods o
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Conference papers on the topic "Forced Degradation Method"

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Qiao, Yufei, Guofu Zhai, Leyu Chen, Jie Zhang, Qifeng Wang, and Xiaochen Wang. "Research on Assessment Method of Pick-up Voltage Qualification Rate for Batch Balanced Force Relays Considering Permanent Magnet Degradation." In 2024 IEEE 69th Holm Conference on Electrical Contacts (HOLM). IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/holm56222.2024.10768380.

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Williams, Jarquees, Nora Tesone, and Lexus Brosh. "Aerospace Coating Aging Method Investigation." In CONFERENCE 2025. AMPP, 2025. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2025-00112.

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Abstract Artificial aging techniques are often used to approximate the in-field conditions of aerospace coatings. The effects of commonly used artificial aging methods on the mechanical and chemical properties of United States Air Force (USAF) coating systems is generally unknown. During this investigation, anodized aluminum and free film paint specimens painted with a USAF standard epoxy primer and polyurethane topcoat were prepared and then aged with four aging methods regularly utilized for technology transition efforts. The anodized layer of the aged aluminum specimens was characterized fo
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(Randy) Nixon, Robert A. "Conducting Precast Concrete Cylinder Pipe Condition Assessment by Matching Corrosion Damage Mechanisms to Diagnostic Methods." In CONFERENCE 2022. AMPP, 2022. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2022-18234.

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Abstract Precast concrete cylinder pipe (PCCP) has been widely used successfully for both water transmission and wastewater force mains for many decades. In the case of water conveyance, the majority of failures occur due to soil side deterioration. This includes chloride intrusion and low pH soils and ground water promoting corrosion of the prestressed wires. High sulfate bearing ground waters can also cause expansive degradation of the cement mortar coating exposing the prestressed wires to corrosive conditions. Internal corrosion rarely results in PCCP failure in potable water conveyance. I
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Kang, Young C., Wim J. van Ooij, and Darren A. Lytle. "Characterization of Copper Corrosion Products Formed in Drinking Water by Combining Electrochemical and Surface Analyses." In CORROSION 2008. NACE International, 2008. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2008-08379.

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Abstract This study focuses on the application of electrochemical corrosion rate measurement and solid surface analysis approaches to understanding drinking water copper corrosion. Applying electrochemical approaches combined with copper solubility measurements, and solid surface analysis approaches are discussed. DC polarization (DCP) and Electrochemical Noise (ECN) measurements were carried out to obtain Stern-Geary constant and noise resistance, respectively. ECN has the advantage in that corrosion behavior can be monitored as a function of extended periods of time without the need to apply
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Souza, D. E. F., W. W. Bose Filho, G. A. Martiniano, M. T. P. Paes, J. E. S. Leal, and S. D. Franco. "Heat Treatment and Notch Severity Effects on the UNS N07718 Alloy Susceptibility to Hydrogen Embrittlement Evaluated by the ISL Method." In CORROSION 2021. AMPP, 2021. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2021-16291.

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Abstract Bolts and stud bolts produced from UNS N07718 are used for subsea applications in the oil and gas industry. These components are commonly connected to cathodic protection systems to avoid corrosion degradation, but it can result in free hydrogen formation on the metal surface, and its subsequent adsorption and diffusion may lead to premature fracture. The present study investigated the influence of different UNS N07718 microstructures, obtained according to the API 6A CRA and ASTM B637 standards, on the hydrogen embrittlement susceptibility. For this purpose, a modified Incremental St
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Klein, P. A., C. D. Krause, C. L. Friant, and R. M. Kain. "A Localized Corrosion Assessment of 6% Molybdenum Stainless Steel Condenser Tubing at the Calvert Cliffs Nuclear Power Plant." In CORROSION 1994. NACE International, 1994. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1994-94490.

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Abstract A condition assessment was performed on the Calvert Cliffs Nuclear Power Plant Unit 1 Main Steam Condenser 6% molybdenum stainless steel tubing. This work consisted of eddy current (EC) examination, in-situ visual examination of tubes, and destructive analysis of pulled tubes. The assessment objectives were as follows: to determine the tubing degradation mechanism, to render the condenser leak-tight, to identify methods of improving condenser life management, and to develop a basis for projecting the remaining condenser life. Once the corrosion mechanism was identified, seawater corro
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Knudsen, Ole Øystein, Astrid Bjørgum, and Ann Karin Kvernbråten. "Internal Coating of Multiphase Pipelines – Requirements for the Coating." In CORROSION 2010. NACE International, 2010. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2010-10004.

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Abstract Pressure drop along the pipeline is the main obstacle to transportation of unprocessed or partly processed multiphase fluids over long distances. Several parameters contribute to pressure drop in multiphase flow, e.g. liquid hold-up, precipitations, gas-liquid surface drag forces, liquid wetting of pipe wall and surface roughness. Application of coatings inside the pipeline can reduce pressure drop by preventing corrosion, preventing precipitations on the pipe wall and modify the pipe wall wetting properties. Meso scale pressure drop tests have shown that pressure drop is significantl
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Fry, A. T., L. J. Brown, and J. P. Banks. "The Effect of Heat Flux on the Steam Oxidation Kinetics and Scale Morphology of Low Alloy Materials." In AM-EPRI 2010, edited by D. Gandy, J. Shingledecker, and R. Viswanathan. ASM International, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.am-epri-2010p0171.

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Abstract The drive for increased efficiency and carbon reduction in next-generation boilers is pushing conventional materials to their limits in terms of strength and oxidation resistance. While traditional isothermal testing of simple coupons provides some insight into material performance, it fails to accurately represent the heat transfer conditions present in operational boilers. This paper introduces a novel test method designed to evaluate the degradation of candidate materials under more realistic heat flux conditions. The method, applied to tubular specimens using both laboratory air a
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Tan, Jianfeng, George Barakos, Yiming Sun, Tianyi Zhou, and Richard Green. "Simulation of the Aerodynamic Interaction between Rotor and Ground Obstacle Using Vortex Method." In Vertical Flight Society 74th Annual Forum & Technology Display. The Vertical Flight Society, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4050/f-0074-2018-12841.

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The aerodynamic interaction between rotor wake and surrounding obstacles is complex, and generates high compensatory workload for pilots, degradation of the vehicle handling qualities and performance, and unsteady forces on the structure of the obstacles. The interaction also affects the minimum distance between rotorcraft and obstacles to operate safely. A vortex-based approach is here employed to investigate the complex aerodynamic interaction between rotors and ground obstacles and identify the distance where the interaction ends. This is also one of the objectives of the GARTEUR AG22 effor
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Abbott, W. H. "Corrosion Monitoring of Air Force Field Sites and Effects of Lubrication on Corrosion Inhibition." In CORROSION 2000. NACE International, 2000. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2000-00713.

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Abstract Work has been in progress for several years to directly measure the corrosive severity of a variety of Air Force bases worldwide. The work has been done for several very diverse reasons. One has been in support of studies to examine the effects of lubricants/CPCs on avionics reliability using the F-16 aircraft as the test vehicle. In this case, corrosion monitoring has been done at ground level to document the external conditions in which the aircraft are based. A second reason has been to provide a test for current mathematical models which attempt to predict corrosion rates based on
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Reports on the topic "Forced Degradation Method"

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Chann, Sopheak, Nathan Wales, and Time Frewer. An Investigation of Land Cover and Land Use Change in Stung Chrey Bak Catchment, Cambodia. Cambodia Development Resource Institute, 2011. https://doi.org/10.64202/wp.53.201108.

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This study investigates land use and land cover (LULC) change in the Stung Chrey Bak catchment, Kompong Chhnang province, Cambodia, over the period 1989–2008. Using a mixed-methods approach that combines satellite remote sensing (Landsat and ASTER imagery) with field interviews and participatory mapping, the research identifies significant transformations in forest cover, rice field expansion, and land tenure dynamics. The findings reveal a decline in evergreen and secondary forests, largely due to logging, agricultural expansion, and land speculation. The Khmer Rouge era (1975–1979) played a
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Kumar, Aishani, Thendral Yalini, and Sunil Kumar C. Unlocking Cellular Control: The Promise of PROTACs in Disease Intervention. Science Reviews - Biology, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.57098/scirevs.biology.3.2.1.

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The discovery of proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTACs) is among the most exciting and promising avenues in cancer therapy. These fascinating compounds signify a paradigm shift from traditional approaches to medication development, offering a new idea that leverages the complexities of biological mechanisms to accomplish highly focused degradation of particular proteins implicated in pathological processes. This novel strategy has the potential to address a number of drawbacks with conventional therapy techniques, such as the development of drug resistance and unexpected adverse effects resu
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Yu, Haichao, Haoxiang Li, Honghui Shi, Thomas S. Huang, and Gang Hua. Any-Precision Deep Neural Networks. Web of Open Science, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.37686/ejai.v1i1.82.

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We present Any-Precision Deep Neural Networks (Any- Precision DNNs), which are trained with a new method that empowers learned DNNs to be flexible in any numerical precision during inference. The same model in runtime can be flexibly and directly set to different bit-width, by trun- cating the least significant bits, to support dynamic speed and accuracy trade-off. When all layers are set to low- bits, we show that the model achieved accuracy compara- ble to dedicated models trained at the same precision. This nice property facilitates flexible deployment of deep learn- ing models in real-worl
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Rouseff, Russell L., and Michael Naim. Characterization of Unidentified Potent Flavor Changes during Processing and Storage of Orange and Grapefruit Juices. United States Department of Agriculture, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2002.7585191.bard.

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Citrus juice flavor quality traditionally diminishes after thermal processing and continuously during storage. Our prior studies found that four of the five most potent off-aromas formed during orange juice storage had not been identified. The primary emphasis of this project was to characterize and identify those potent flavor degrading aroma volatiles so that methods to control them could be developed and final flavor quality improved. Our original objectives included: 1 Isolate and characterize the most important unidentified aroma impact compounds formed or lost during pasteurization and s
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