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1

Traversari, Gabriele, Andrea Porcheddu, Giorgio Pia, Francesco Delogu, and Alberto Cincotti. "Coupling of mechanical deformation and reaction in mechanochemical transformations." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 23, no. 1 (2021): 229–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0cp05647b.

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2

Staubli, T. "Entrainment of Self-Sustained Flow Oscillations: Phaselocking or Asynchronous Quenching?" Journal of Applied Mechanics 54, no. 3 (1987): 706–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3173093.

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Asynchronous quenching and phaselocking are two different mechanisms leading to the onset of synchronization of flow instabilities with externally excited oscillations. Experimental evidence for asynchronous quenching as well as for phaselocking is given from response measurements of representative pressures, velocities, or of forces for the following types of flow - forcing interactions: an oscillating circular cylinder in crossflow; interaction of an unstable, planar jet with an oscillating leading edge; a forced mixing layer between parallel streams; and a thermally forced cavity shear-laye
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3

Leboeuf, Richard L., and Rabindra D. Mehta. "Measurements of spanwise scale change in a forced mixing layer." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 293 (June 25, 1995): 305–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112095001728.

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Spanwise scale changes of the streamwise vortical structure in a plane forced mixing layer have been investigated through direct measurements. Detailed three-dimensional phase-averaged measurements were obtained of the spanwise and streamwise vorticity in a forced mixing layer undergoing three spanwise roller pairings. A two-stream mixing layer with a velocity ratio (U2/U1) of 0.6 and laminar initial boundary layers was generated in a mixing-layer wind tunnel. Acoustic forcing, consisting of a fundamental roll-up frequency and its first, second and third subharmonics, was used to phase-lock th
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4

Bourhane, Bouhabel, and Kabar Yassine. "Numerical Study of Laminar Forced Convection of Nanofluid in a New Microchannel Heat Sink." Strojnícky časopis - Journal of Mechanical Engineering 71, no. 2 (2021): 31–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/scjme-2021-0015.

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Abstract The heat transfer and pressure drop in a microchannel heat sink with 02 mixing chambers with inclined walls were numerically studied. The transport equations have been resolved by the finite volume method using ANSYS Fluent software. The operating fluids are water and Al2O3-water. The results obtained for Reynolds numbers ranging from 187 and 705 show that adding a micro-mixing chamber with a rectangular rib in the microchannel improves the heat transfer and increases the pressure drop compared to conventional microchannels. The new shape of the mixing chamber studied shows a net decr
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5

Narayanan, Satish, and Fazle Hussain. "Measurements of spatiotemporal dynamics in a forced plane mixing layer." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 320, no. -1 (1996): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002211209600746x.

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6

Yu, Simon C. M., T. H. Yip, and C. Y. Liu. "Mixing Characteristics of Forced Mixers with Scalloped Lobes." Journal of Propulsion and Power 13, no. 2 (1997): 305–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/2.5164.

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7

GELFGAT, A. YU, and E. KIT. "Spatial versus temporal instabilities in a parametrically forced stratified mixing layer." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 552, no. -1 (2006): 189. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112005008608.

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8

Nama, Nitesh. "Mixing hot and cold with sound." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 866 (March 4, 2019): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2019.81.

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An acoustically forced fluid system is known to generate a time-averaged mean, or streaming, flow that evolves on a slow time scale compared to the acoustic-wave period. Classical acoustic streaming in a homogeneous fluid is typically associated with a one-way coupled system wherein the oscillatory acoustic fields inform the streaming mean flow, without any appreciable feedback. In contrast, Michel & Chini (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 858, 2019, pp. 536–564) investigate acoustic streaming in a stratified fluid and demonstrate that the streaming is sufficiently strong to induce significant rearran
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9

Yi, Xie, Gao Xin, and Ruan Deng-Fang. "Numerical Study of Lobe Shape on Performance of Forced Mixing Exhaust." International Journal of Fluid Mechanics Research 40, no. 5 (2013): 429–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1615/interjfluidmechres.v40.i5.60.

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10

Sharan, Nek, Georgios Matheou, and Paul E. Dimotakis. "Turbulent shear-layer mixing: initial conditions, and direct-numerical and large-eddy simulations." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 877 (August 19, 2019): 35–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2019.591.

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Aspects of turbulent shear-layer mixing are investigated over a range of shear-layer Reynolds numbers, $Re_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FF}}=\unicode[STIX]{x0394}U\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FF}/\unicode[STIX]{x1D708}$, based on the shear-layer free-stream velocity difference, $\unicode[STIX]{x0394}U$, and mixing-zone thickness, $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FF}$, to probe the role of initial conditions in mixing stages and the evolution of the scalar-field probability density function (p.d.f.) and variance. Scalar transport is calculated for unity Schmidt numbers, approximating gas-phase diffusion. The study is based on
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11

Zelentsov, Danila V., Konstantin L. Chertes, and Olga V. Tupitsyna. "Structural and construction design of the system and structures of the supply and distribution of air in the treatment of waste." Vestnik MGSU, no. 1 (January 2019): 118–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.22227/1997-0935.2019.1.118-125.

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Introduction. Neutralization methods (including composting) are widely used in the technologies of chemical and biothermal oxidation of organic matter. A promising method of waste management is their biothermal composting using controlled gas flows. The methods of process intensification are described: the introduction of inoculating additives, increasing the homogeneity of the mixture, recycling of composts, natural and forced low-pressure and high-pressure aeration, and several others. One example of the implementation of these technologies is the disposal of oil-contaminated soils. Material
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12

Cohen, J., B. Marasli, and V. Levinski. "The interaction between the mean flow and coherent structures in turbulent mixing layers." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 260 (February 10, 1994): 81–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112094003447.

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The nonlinear interaction between the mean flow and a coherent disturbance in a two-dimensional turbulent mixing layer is addressed. Based on considerations from stability theory, previous experimental results, in particular the modification of the mean velocity profile, the peculiar growth of the forced shear-layer thickness and the spatial growth of the disturbance amplitude, are explained. A model that assumes a quasi-parallel mean flow having a self-similar mean velocity profile is developed. The model is capable of predicting the downstream evolution of turbulent mixing layers subjected t
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13

Skyllingstad, Eric D., Jenessa Duncombe, and Roger M. Samelson. "Baroclinic Frontal Instabilities and Turbulent Mixing in the Surface Boundary Layer. Part II: Forced Simulations." Journal of Physical Oceanography 47, no. 10 (2017): 2429–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jpo-d-16-0179.1.

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AbstractGeneration of ocean surface boundary layer turbulence and coherent roll structures is examined in the context of wind-driven and geostrophic shear associated with horizontal density gradients using a large-eddy simulation model. Numerical experiments over a range of surface wind forcing and horizontal density gradient strengths, combined with linear stability analysis, indicate that the dominant instability mechanism supporting coherent roll development in these simulations is a mixed instability combining shear instability of the ageostrophic, wind-driven flow with symmetric instabili
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14

Leboeuf, Richard L., and Rabindra D. Mehta. "Vortical structure morphology in the initial region of a forced mixing layer: roll-up and pairing." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 315 (May 25, 1996): 175–221. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002211209600239x.

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Detailed three-dimensional phase-averaged measurements of the spanwise and streamwise vorticity formation and evolution in a forced mixing layer have been obtained. A plane two-stream mixing layer with a velocity ratio (U2/U1) of 0.6, a maximum Reynolds number (Reδ) of about 3150 and laminar initial boundary layers was generated in a mixing layer wind tunnel. Acoustic forcing, consisting of a fundamental roll-up frequency and its subharmonic, was used to phase-lock the initial development and first pairing of the spanwise vortical structures. For the first time, phase-averaged measurements of
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15

Lyn, D. A., and W. Rodi. "The flapping shear layer formed by flow separation from the forward corner of a square cylinder." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 267 (May 25, 1994): 353–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112094001217.

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The turbulent shear layer and the associated recirculation region on the sidewall formed in flow separation from the forward corner of a square cylinder have been studied with one-component laser-Doppler velocimetry. Because of vortex shedding, the flow is approximately periodic, and is treated as a separated flow undergoing largeamplitude forcing at the shedding frequency. Phase (ensemble)-averaged velocities and turbulence intensities were obtained, and a close relationship in phase and amplitude between phase-averaged turbulence intensities and gradients of phase-averaged velocity is found
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16

Shipman, Thomas N., Ajay K. Prasad, Scott L. Davidson, and Donald R. Cohee. "Particle Image Velocimetry Evaluation of a Novel Oscillatory-Flow Flexible Chamber Mixer." Journal of Fluids Engineering 129, no. 2 (2006): 179–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2409347.

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This paper describes a novel oscillatory-flow mixer consisting of a pair of flexible chambers connected by a perforated plate, or septum. During operation, the septum undergoes reciprocating motion such that the two chambers are alternately compressed and expanded. During compression, fluid is forced from one chamber to the other through the septum holes, creating an array of jets that drive the mixing process. Flow characterization within the mixer was conducted using particle image velocimetry. Tests were performed for Reynolds numbers ranging from 4 to 23,000, which encompass the creeping,
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17

Sarkar, S. "Flow structures and thermal field with modulated jet near the semi-circular leading edge." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part A: Journal of Power and Energy 234, no. 5 (2019): 594–610. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0957650919873172.

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Influence of external modulation on unsteady flow and heat transfer near the leading edge of a constant thickness aerofoil has been described through large eddy simulation. This is a simplified approach to study film cooling activities near the leading edge of a turbine blade. Discrete jets, which are forced at a Strouhal number (St) of 0.37 with an averaged blowing ratio of unity, are ejected normally from a series of film cooling holes to a separated boundary layer. The results are compared against the corresponding steady injection. Larger coherent structures appear for a forced jet with an
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18

Koval, Sergii. "Synthesis of Screw Conveyors-mixers With a Rotating Casing." Central Ukrainian Scientific Bulletin. Technical Sciences 1, no. 8(39) (2023): 85–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.32515/2664-262x.2023.8(39).1.85-95.

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Carrying out a structural-schematic synthesis often allows you to obtain a significant range of quite effective constructive solutions of various technical means, which fully also applies to the generation of alternative solutions for screw mixers. Screw conveyors-mixers with a rotating casing (GKZOK) are atypical mechanical means for performing the operation of mixing materials, however, they can become quite widely used in various sectors of the economy by combining the operation of moving loose material with the operation of mixing it. For their creation and further research, it is necessar
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19

He, Zhiguo, Wei Zhang, Houshuo Jiang, Liang Zhao, and Xiqiu Han. "Dynamic Interaction and Mixing of Two Turbulent Forced Plumes in Linearly Stratified Ambience." Journal of Hydraulic Engineering 144, no. 12 (2018): 04018072. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)hy.1943-7900.0001545.

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20

Neto, Aristeu Silveira, Dominique Grand, Olivier Métais, and Marcel Lesieur. "A numerical investigation of the coherent vortices in turbulence behind a backward-facing step." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 256 (November 1993): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112093002691.

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This paper presents a statistical and topological study of a complex turbulent flow over a backward-facing step by means of direct and large-eddy simulations. Direct simulations are first performed for an isothermal two-dimensional case. In this case, shedding of coherent vortices in the mixing layer is demonstrated. Both direct and large-eddy simulations are then carried out in three dimensions. The subgrid-scale model used is the structure-function model proposed by Métais & Lesieur (1992). Lowstep computations corresponding to the geometry of Eaton & Johnston's (1980) laboratory exp
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21

Ho, Chih-Ming, Yitshak Zohar, Judith K. Foss, and Jeffrey C. Buell. "Phase decorrelation of coherent structures in a free shear layer." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 230 (September 1991): 319–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112091000800.

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The vortices near the origin of an initially laminar mixing layer have a single frequency with a well-defined phase; i.e. there is little phase jitter. Further downstream, however, the phase jitter increases suddenly. Even when the flow is forced, this same transition is observed. The forcing partially loses its influence because of the decorrelation of the phase between the forcing signal and the passing coherent structures. In the present investigation, this phenomenon is documented and the physical mechanism responsible for the phase decorrelation is identified.
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22

Chen, Tian. "Research on the Prediction of Optimal Frequency for Vibration Mixing and Comparison on Initial Performance of Cold-Recycled Asphalt Emulsion Mixture." Materials 17, no. 16 (2024): 4003. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma17164003.

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The multicomponent cold-recycled asphalt emulsion mixture (CRAEM) has the ability of antireflection cracking between the base and the bottom surface layer, but it has secondary compaction and residual void, which is not conducive to crack resistance and fatigue performance. The application of high-frequency vibration mixing technology can reduce voids and improve crack resistance, but it is limited by the complexity of testing to determine the optimal mixing frequency. The fractal dimension of gradation is deduced by fractal theory, and the prediction model for optimal frequency is proposed. D
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23

CHEMEL, C., and C. STAQUET. "A formulation of convective entrainment in terms of mixing efficiency." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 580 (May 21, 2007): 169–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112007005782.

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The entrainment across a stably stratified interface forced by convective motions is discussed in the light of the mixing efficiency of the entrainment process. The context is the convectively driven atmospheric boundary layer and we focus on the regime of equilibrium entrainment, i.e. when the boundary-layer evolution is in a quasi-steady state. The entrainment law is classically based on the ratio R of the negative of the heat flux at the interface to the heat flux at the ground surface. We propose a parameterization for R that involves the mixing efficiency and the thickness of the interfac
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24

WILTSE, JOHN M., and ARI GLEZER. "Scalar mixing in a forced non-reactive plane shear layer using a thermal analogue to species concentration." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 506 (May 10, 2004): 369–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112003007791.

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25

Olena, Dzhedzhula. "Features of vibration mixers design." Vibrations in engineering and technology, no. 4(95) (December 20, 2019): 24–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.37128/2306-8744-2019-4-3.

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The article presents the results of the analysis of vibration mixers designs, presents their classification. The classification is based on the principle of action and the method of mixing. Practice has shown that mixing by vibration produces a significant effect. With vibrational mixing, all the expected components are evenly distributed throughout the volume of the mixture. The main disadvantage of the vibration method is the negative impact on the design of the mixer, as well as on the environment and humans. The problems that complicate the design of vibration mixers include a wide range o
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26

WAKE, GEOFFREY W., EMIL J. HOPFINGER, and GREGORY N. IVEY. "Experimental study on resonantly forced interfacial waves in a stratified circular cylindrical basin." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 582 (June 14, 2007): 203–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002211200700585x.

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Laboratory experiments have been performed on resonantly forced interfacial waves in a circular cylindrical basin containing a two-layer stratified fluid. The results of this shallow-water study exhibit a number of similarities to previous shallow-water studies performed in single-layer fluids, such as the generation of a large-amplitude response over a frequency bandwidth offset from the primary resonance, generation of a swirling mode at the observed resonant condition, and the significant contribution of higher harmonics. The two-layer experiments also produce results that are unique to str
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27

Singh, Niranjan Ramendra, Singh Onkar, and Janakarajan Ramkumar. "Thermo-Hydraulic Performance of Square Micro Pin Fins under Forced Convection." International Journal of Heat and Technology 39, no. 1 (2021): 170–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/ijht.390118.

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Thermal management of the new generation’s high performance electronic and mechanical devices is becoming important due to their miniaturization. Conventionally, the plate fin arrangement is widely used for removal of dissipated heat but, their effectiveness is not up to mark. Among different options, the most attractive and efficient alternative for overcoming this problem is micro pin fin heat sink. This paper presents the experimental investigation of square micro-pin fins heat sink for identifying the most suitable pin fin geometry for heat removal applications under forced convection. Twe
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28

Métais, Olivier, Carlos Flores, Shinichiro Yanase, James J. Riley, and Marcel Lesieur. "Rotating free-shear flows. Part 2. Numerical simulations." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 293 (June 25, 1995): 47–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112095001637.

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The three-dimensional dynamics of the coherent vortices in periodic planar mixing layers and in wakes subjected to solid-body rotation of axis parallel to the basic vorticity are investigated through direct (DNS) and large-eddy simulations (LES). Initially, the flow is forced by a weak random perturbation superposed on the basic shear, the perturbation being either quasi-two-dimensional (forced transition) or three-dimensional (natural transition). For an initial Rossby number Ro(i), based on the vorticity at the inflexion point, of small modulus, the effect of rotation is to always make the f
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29

Khan, Zarwali, Maria Yaseen, Ihsan Ali, et al. "Forced Degradation and Stability Indicating Studies for Clomifene Citrate Tablet." Asian Journal of Chemical Sciences 14, no. 1 (2023): 28–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ajocs/2023/v14i1251.

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Pharmaceutical medications must be stable to preserve their efficacy and safety over the period of their shelf lives. Studies on force degradation are crucial for identifying probable degradation pathways and identifying extreme stresses that may lead to the breakdown of the pharmaceutical product. This report offers a thorough analysis of the force degradation tests performed on Clomifene citrate tablets. Evaluation of the effects of several stress factors, including temperature, humidity, light, and mechanical forces, on the stability of clomifene citrate is the main goal. To replicate actua
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30

Ermoshin, N. A., S. A. Romanchikov, and I. E. Volkov. "Creation of a mathematical model for the preparation of aerated dough." Khleboproducty 31, no. 8 (2022): 36–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.32462/0235-2508-2022-31-8-36-39.

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For the scientific substantiation of technical solutions for the modification of technological equipment for food production, a mathematical model for the preparation of aerated dough is proposed. On this basis, new technical means and technological equipment have been developed for the production of bread products from whipped yeast-free dough. The mathematical model makes it possible to investigate the quality indicators of aerated yeast-free dough and in particular, its uniformity, which depends on the geometric characteristics of the kneading chamber, the duration of mixing, and the volume
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31

OLJACA, MIODRAG, and ARI GLEZER. "The effects of induced dissipative small-scale motions and mixing on optical distortion in a plane shear layer." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 619 (January 25, 2009): 295–329. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112008004497.

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Optical distortion through a plane shear layer between two uniform streams of unequal temperatures is investigated using imaging of scalar mixing by planar laser-induced fluorescence (LIF). Simultaneous fluorescence intensity measurements of disodium fluorescein and rhodamine B (the fluorescence of the latter is temperature dependent) are used to extract the temperature distribution within the plane of a laser sheet. This planar imaging technique allows a direct measurement of the index of refraction field, which is used to determine optical distortions in the imaging plane. While a given ray
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32

Cheng, P., C. T. Hsu, and A. Chowdhury. "Forced Convection in the Entrance Region of a Packed Channel With Asymmetric Heating." Journal of Heat Transfer 110, no. 4a (1988): 946–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3250597.

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The problem of a thermally developing forced convective flow in a packed channel heated asymmetrically is analyzed in this paper. The flow in the packed channel is assumed to be hydrodynamically fully developed and is governed by the Brinkman–Darcy–Ergun equation with variable porosity taken into consideration. A closed-form solution based on the method of matched asymptotic expansions is obtained for the axial velocity distribution, and the wall effect on pressure drop is illustrated. The energy equation for the thermally developing flow, with transverse thermal dispersion and variable stagna
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33

Olsthoorn, Jason, and Stuart B. Dalziel. "Three-dimensional visualization of the interaction of a vortex ring with a stratified interface." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 820 (May 10, 2017): 549–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2017.215.

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The study of vortex-ring-induced stratified mixing has long played a key role in understanding externally forced stratified turbulent mixing. While several studies have investigated the dynamical evolution of such a system, this study presents an experimental investigation of the mechanical evolution of these vortex rings, including the stratification-modified three-dimensional instability. The aim of this paper is to understand how vortex rings induce mixing of the density field. We begin with a discussion of the Reynolds and Richardson number dependence of the vortex-ring interaction using t
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34

Homescu, D., and P. K. Panday. "Forced Convection Condensation on a Horizontal Tube: Influence of Turbulence in the Vapor and Liquid Phases." Journal of Heat Transfer 121, no. 4 (1999): 874–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2826078.

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An implicit finite difference scheme is used to solve the problem of condensation of pure vapors flowing vertically downwards around a horizontal tube. The incompressible flow equations coupled at the interface for the liquid and vapor phases are solved. The pressure gradient, inertia, and enthalpy convection terms are retained in this analysis, and the influence of turbulence in the two phases is considered. The calculated results for laminar flow and those from different mixing length turbulence models are compared with experimental results for condensation of steam and R113. The results pre
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35

Jurevičius, Jurgis, Henrikas Sivilevičius, and Bronislovas Spruogis. "ANALYSIS OF WEARING-OUT CAUSES FOR REVOLVING-BLADE MIXERS AND THEIR RELIABILITY IMPROVEMENT." TRANSPORT 18, no. 1 (2003): 40–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/16483840.2003.10414062.

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In road coverings and structures of transport infrastructure, composite mixes of various compositions are used made with either organic or mineral binding agents. Most often they are made in a discreet revolving-blade forced mixer, and the final product quality is subject to the mixer construction and parameters. The present paper analyzes wear causes of a revolving-blade mixer with the most important of them-sticking of grains between the blade end and the bottom. Forces are defined effecting various-sized grains found between the blade end and the mixer bottom. Mixer quality assessment metho
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36

Özdemir, İ. B., J. H. Whitelaw, and A. F. Biçen. "Flow Properties and Passive Scalar Transport in a Model Room With Relevance to Ventilation Efficiency." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 210, no. 4 (1996): 297–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/pime_proc_1996_210_202_02.

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This paper describes an experimental investigation of air flow patterns and related passive scalar transport inside a model room with emphasis on the statistical time-scales of the dispersion process and the local ventilation effectiveness. Time-averaged and instantaneous structures of the turbulent flow were examined by local measurements inside a negatively pressurized cubic enclosure of 2 m side dimension and ventilated through single-supply and exhaust registers at an extract flowrate of 1.81 m3/min with a corresponding air change of 13.6 per hour. Sulphur hexafluoride was introduced at th
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37

Fuller, A. J., T. Kim, H. P. Hodson, and T. J. Lu. "Measurement and interpretation of the heat transfer coefficients of metal foams." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 219, no. 2 (2005): 183–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/095440605x8414.

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The heat transfer characteristics of FeCrAlY (an iron-based alloy with a melting point of 1510°C sintered foams are presented. The foams have open cells and hollow cell ligaments. The foam samples had a range of cell sizes (1-3 mm) and relative densities (4.6-12.5 percent). Foam cores sandwiched between two conductive substrates were subjected to forced air convection with a constant input heat flux. The volumetric heat transfer coefficient is shown to depend on the effective porosity. Heat transfer is predominantly due to the increased flow mixing that the foam structure promotes. With higher
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38

Zhao, F. Q., J. H. Yoo, and M. C. Lai. "The Spray Structure of Air-Shrouded Dual-Stream Port Fuel Injectors With Different Air-Mixing Mechanisms." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 120, no. 1 (1998): 217–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2818079.

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An experimental study of the spray structure from air-shrouded dual-stream injectors with different air mixing mechanisms was carried out extensively to understand the spray characteristics of dual-stream port injectors for applications to four-valve gasoline engines. The injectors were tested under both steady and transient conditions at different injection pressures and air shrouding pressure differentials. The global spray structure was visualized using the planar laser Mie scattering technique and spray atomization processes were characterized by the phase-Doppler anemometry method. The ex
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39

Lai, Adrian C. H., Adrian Wing-Keung Law, and E. Eric Adams. "A second-order integral model for buoyant jets with background homogeneous and isotropic turbulence." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 871 (May 20, 2019): 271–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2019.269.

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Buoyant jets or forced plumes are discharged into a turbulent ambient in many natural and engineering applications. The background turbulence generally affects the mixing characteristics of the buoyant jet, and the extent of the influence depends on the characteristics of both the jet discharge and ambient. Previous studies focused on the experimental investigation of the problem (for pure jets or plumes), but the findings were difficult to generalize because suitable scales for normalization of results were not known. A model to predict the buoyant jet mixing in the presence of background tur
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Garimella, S. V., and D. J. Schlitz. "Heat Transfer Enhancement in Narrow Channels Using Two and Three-Dimensional Mixing Devices." Journal of Heat Transfer 117, no. 3 (1995): 590–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2822618.

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The localized enhancement of forced convection heat transfer in a rectangular duct with very small ratio of height to width (0.017) was experimentally explored. The heat transfer from a discrete square section of the wall was enhanced by raising the heat source off the wall in the form of a protrusion. Further enhancement was effected through the use of large-scale, three-dimensional roughness elements installed in the duct upstream of the discrete heat source. Transverse ribs installed on the wall opposite the heat source provided even greater heat transfer enhancement. Heat transfer and pres
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Anderson, A. M., and R. J. Moffat. "Direct Air Cooling of Electronic Components: Reducing Component Temperatures by Controlled Thermal Mixing." Journal of Heat Transfer 113, no. 1 (1991): 56–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2910551.

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This paper discusses forced convection heat transfer in a channel populated with discrete components similar to those found in electronics cooling situations. The temperature rise of each component is expressed as the sum of two parts; its adiabatic temperature rise, Tad–Tin, due to the thermal wakes of upstream components; and its self-heating temperature rise, Te–Tad due to its own power dissipation. A component’s temperature can be reduced either by reducing the adiabatic temperature rise or the self-heating temperature rise, or both. This investigation concentrates on the former: reducing
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Petty, David J., and C. Pantano. "A semi-Lagrangian direct-interaction closure of the spectra of isotropic variable-density turbulence." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 876 (July 31, 2019): 186–236. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2019.533.

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A study of variable-density homogeneous stationary isotropic turbulence based on the sparse direct-interaction perturbation (SDIP) and supporting direct numerical simulations (DNS) is presented. The non-solenoidal flow considered here is an example of turbulent mixing of gases with different densities. The spectral statistics of this type of flow are substantially more difficult to understand theoretically than those of the similar solenoidal flows. In the approach described here, the nonlinearly coupled velocity and scalar (which determine the density of the fluid) equations are expanded in t
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Mansilla, M. A., A. A. Ghilarducchi, H. R. Salva, and A. J. Marzocca. "Alpha (Vitrea) Transition in Vulcanized Natural Rubber/Styrene Butadiene Rubber Blends Prepared by Mechanical and Solution Mixing." Solid State Phenomena 184 (January 2012): 405–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.184.405.

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The preparation method of an elastomeric blend can influence the mechanical properties of the vulcanized compound. In this research elastomeric blends composed by natural rubber and styrene butadiene rubber were mixed using two different methods: by mixing in a roll mill and by dissolution of both elastomers in toluene, mixing of both solutions with the curatives and the evaporation of the solvent. Samples with different Natural Rubber/Styrene Butadiene Rubber relation were prepared by both methods and vulcanized at 433K with a system based on sulphur and accelerator (N-t-butyl-2-benzothiazole
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Ma, Y., W. K. Van Moorhem, and R. W. Shorthill. "An Innovative Method of Investigating the Role of Turbulence in the Velocity Coupling Phenomenon." Journal of Vibration and Acoustics 112, no. 4 (1990): 550–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2930141.

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An investigation has been conducted of the velocity coupling phenomenon reported in acoustically unstable solid propellant rocket motors. An innovative simulation facility has been built using solid carbon dioxide as the simulated propellant. The use of dry ice allows us to focus directly on the fluid mechanical aspect of the problem. Dry ice is contained in a two-meter long chamber. The acoustic disturbance in the chamber is introduced by means of a mechanically driven piston. Mass flow rate and acoustic pressure measurements indicate the existence of a coupling mechanism, other than pressure
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Boubnov, B. M., S. B. Dalziel, and P. F. Linden. "Source-sink turbulence in a stratified fluid." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 261 (February 25, 1994): 273–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112094000340.

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A new method of generating turbulence in a stratified fluid is presented. The flow is forced by a symmetric array of sources and sinks placed around the perimeter of a tank containing stratified fluid. The sources and sinks are located in a horizontal plane and the flow from the sources is directed horizontally, so that fluid is withdrawn from and re-injected at its neutral density level with some horizontal momentum. The sources and sinks are arranged so that no net impulse or angular momentum is imparted to the flow. Measurements of the mixing produced by the turbulence are made using a cond
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Israelian, Valentyna, Igor Palamarchuk, Sedat Sevin, et al. "The effect of vibration massage on the salting process of ostrich meat." Potravinarstvo Slovak Journal of Food Sciences 16 (September 1, 2022): 530–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5219/1775.

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Existing massagers are characterized by relatively high energy consumption during operation, the metal consumption of the structure, complexity of the drive mechanism. Therefore, the search for effective implementation schemes of mixing operations and uniform structure formation of viscous and elastic-plastic raw materials, in particular, minced meat, subject to increased contact interaction while minimizing the force on the products, is relevant to the conducted research. The purpose of this work is to substantiate the technological preparation modes of the given minced meat with the use of a
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Nygaard, Kris J., and Ari Glezer. "The effect of phase variations and cross-shear on vortical structures in a plane mixing layer." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 276 (October 10, 1994): 21–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112094002454.

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The evolution of spanwise phase variations of nominally two-dimensional instability modes in a plane shear layer is studied in a closed-return water facility using time-harmonic excitation having spanwise-non-uniform phase or frequency distributions. The excitation waveform is synthesized by a linear array of 32 surface film heaters flush-mounted on the flow partition. A span wise-linear phase distribution leads to the excitation of oblique waves and to the rollup of oblique primary vortices. When the prescribed phase distribution is piecewise-constant and spanwise-periodic, the flow is excite
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van den Bremer, T. S., and G. R. Hunt. "Two-dimensional planar plumes and fountains." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 750 (June 4, 2014): 210–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2014.246.

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AbstractClosed-form solutions describing the behaviour of two-dimensional planar turbulent rising plumes and fountains from horizontal planar area and line sources in unconfined quiescent environments of uniform density are proposed. Extending the analysis on axisymmetric releases by van den Bremer & Hunt (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 644, 2010, pp. 165–192) to planar releases, the local flux balance parameter $\def \xmlpi #1{}\def \mathsfbi #1{\boldsymbol {\mathsf {#1}}}\let \le =\leqslant \let \leq =\leqslant \let \ge =\geqslant \let \geq =\geqslant \def \Pr {\mathit {Pr}}\def \Fr {\mathit {Fr}}
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Li, T. C., and H. W. Wu. "A Study of Wind Heating System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 421 (September 2013): 3–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.421.3.

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At present, the world is facing energy shortage, while the CO2 emitted from the combustion of traditional energy causes greenhouse effect. As a result, the green concept of energy saving has emerged. Among the current green energies, solar power is not cost effective, and wind energy has great potential in terms of cost and efficiency. Most of wind energy is used for wind power generation, however, the wind energy is also applicable to heating, and the generated heat energy can be used for hot water supply and temperature regulation. The wind heating modes include fluid mixing and solid fricti
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Brown, Justin M., and Timour Radko. "Initiation of diffusive layering by time-dependent shear." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 858 (November 6, 2018): 588–608. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2018.790.

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The Arctic halocline is generally stable to the development of double-diffusive and dynamic instabilities – the two major sources of small-scale mixing in the mid-latitude oceans. Despite this, observations show the abundance of double-diffusive staircases in the Arctic Ocean, which suggests the presence of some destabilizing process facilitating the transition from smooth-gradient to layered stratification. Recent studies have shown that an instability can develop in such circumstances if weak static shear is present even when the flow is dynamically and diffusively stable. However, the impac
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