Relevant bibliographies by topics / Forced won

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Forced won'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 14 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Forced won"

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Holzer, Joshua. "The perils of plurality rule and the major(itarian) effect of cabinet composition on human rights in presidential democracies." Research & Politics 5, no. 3 (2018): 205316801879475. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2053168018794753.

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I argue that when presidents are able (or forced) to cobble together broad-based coalitions to win an absolute majority, their administrations are less likely (and less able) to violate human rights, in comparison to presidential administrations whose victories are the result of a narrow plurality. Consistent with this argument, I find cabinets comprised of a higher percentage of individuals from parties other than that of the president to be associated with greater government respect for human rights. Additionally, I find that in the years after a presidential election won by an absolute majority, states are more likely to experience an increase in government respect for human rights, in comparison to the years after a presidential election won by a mere plurality. Utilizing an original dataset of cabinet composition for 35 presidential democracies spanning from 2001 to 2011, this study concludes that it may prudent for non-majoritarian systems to consider adopting a mandatory majority rule so to encourage the types of conciliatory alliances that appear to promote high human rights respect.
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ROBERTSON, DAVID BRIAN. "Madison's Opponents and Constitutional Design." American Political Science Review 99, no. 2 (2005): 225–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003055405051622.

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Understanding what James Madison's opponents sought and won at the U.S. Constitutional Convention revises our understanding of the founders' original intentions for the durable framework that has structured American political development. The Constitution is the by-product of expedient accommodations forced on Madison. Madison sought broad national authority independent of state governments and a swift victory for population-based congressional representation. Delegates from economically disadvantaged states opposed these plans, seeking instead to nationalize only selective public goods, to maintain most state policy autonomy, and to minimize contingencies imposed by other governments. Connecticut's delegates, particularly Roger Sherman, played a pivotal role in spoiling Madison's agenda and altering his substantive plans for Constitutional design. Madison's Convention opponents are responsible for a Constitution that nationalized only enumerated public goods and imposed potentially high transaction costs on any further nationalization of policy authority. They helped make federalism a lasting political weapon used to win substantive policy outcomes.
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Courneya, Kerry S., and Albert V. Carron. "Effects of Travel and Length of Home Stand/Road Trip on tie Home Advantage." Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology 13, no. 1 (1991): 42–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsep.13.1.42.

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The present study investigated the effects of season game number, series game number, length of home stand, length of visitor's road trip, home travel, and visitor travel on the home advantage in minor league Double A baseball (N= 1812 games). Initial analysis indicated that the home team won 55.1% of the games (p<.001). Forced-entry multiple regression analyses determined that the combined main and interaction effects of the predictor variables explained less than 1.2% of the variance in win/loss outcome (p>.49). Chi-square analyses revealed that the variable of length of visitor's road trip produced the greatest change in the magnitude of home advantage. When the length of visitor's road trip was cross-tabulated with the length of home stand, me change in home advantage was statistically significant for the home team's later series (p<.05). The implications of these results for the various home advantage explanations are discussed, and future directions for home advantage research are offered.
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Becker, Marjorie. "Black and White and Color: Cardenismo and the Search for a Campesino Ideology." Comparative Studies in Society and History 29, no. 3 (1987): 453–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0010417500014675.

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It is well known that upon emerging victorious from the Mexican Revolution in 1920, the Constitutionalists confronted a dilemma. Having defeated the popular armies of Emiliano Zapata and Pancho Villa, they believed that they had won the right to construct a postrevolutionary state reflecting their interests. Yet the spectors of the popular armies were to haunt them. The new revolutionary elites were forced to determine how to create a state in their own Constitutionalist image and simultaneously how to avoid provoking further popular insurrection.
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Shalev, Gabriela. "Political Agreements." Israel Law Review 26, no. 4 (1992): 442–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021223700011146.

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The legal debate concerning political agreements has lately won renewed interest in Israel, following some disturbing incidents that took place just prior to the establishment of the present government. These events, which were referred to by Justice Elon as “a weakness of political culture” and even “political eclipse”, have forced the High Court of Justice to deal with a number of petitions concerning political agreements over the past year. The Legislature also has had to give this matter considerable attention; the Basic Law: The Knesset, Amendment no. 12, allows for amending and even preventing disruptive phenomena such as political defection which tend to occur alongside political agreements.
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Balfour, Sebastian. "‘Bitter Victory, Sweet Defeat.’ The March 1996 General Elections and the New Government in Spain." Government and Opposition 31, no. 3 (1996): 275–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1477-7053.1996.tb01191.x.

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As The Results of The General Elections In Spain of 3 March were being announced, the leaders of the two main parties came out of their respective headquarters to greet the crowds of well-wishers. To judge by the expression on their faces, one could be forgiven for thinking that the victors had lost and the losers had won. A jubilant Felipe González, the outgoing Premier, uttered the phrase which serves as the main title of this article. The paradoxical outcome of the election was that in order to form a government, the victors were forced to seek the kind of parliamentary support which they had bitterly decried in the outgoing government and a pact with parties that they had mercilessly attacked during the previous legislature.
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Florya, Boris N. "The domestic political crisis in the Right-Bank Ukraine in the late summer-autumn of 1669." Slavic Almanac, no. 3-4 (2020): 25–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.31168/2073-5731.2020.3-4.1.02.

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The article examines the mass riots of the population of RightBank Ukraine and the Zaporizhia Cossacks against Hetman Petro Doroshenko and his supporters. They were accompanied by the Ottoman Empire intervening in the events. After the Porta forced Crimea to abandon the support of the rebels in the summer of 1669, they were defeated, and a change of leader took place in their camp: instead of P. Sukhoveenko, who was supported by the Crimean Tatars, an Uman colonel M. Khanenko was elected hetman. He and his allies were besieged by Doroshenko in Uman, but without enough support from the Tatars, the right-bank hetman was forced to make peace with his opponents and lift the siege at the end of August 1669. Moreover, Crimea again, contrary to orders from Istanbul, provided assistance to Doroshenko’s opponents, who in October besieged him in Stebliv. Only the new intervention of the Porta, which sent significant forces of the Belgorod Horde to help Doroshenko and once again forbade Crimea to provide assistance to Khanenko, allowed the supporters of the Right-Bank hetman to lift the siege and inflict a decisive defeat on the enemy. Khanenko fled to Zaporizhia, and many cities and towns of the Right Bank were occupied by the Belgorod Tatars. The sources testify a particular depth and acuteness of the domestic political crisis in the Ukrainian society of the Right Bank, and also show that in the end the victory was won by the side (Doroshenko) that managed to gain more powerful external support.
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Ivanov, Vladimir G., and V. Mikael Kassae Nigusie. "The Problem of Internally Displaced Persons in Ethiopia in the Context of 2020 Parliamentary Elections." RUDN Journal of Political Science 21, no. 4 (2019): 633–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-1438-2019-21-4-633-641.

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In 2019, Ethiopian Prime Minister Abiyah Ahmed won the Nobel peace prize. His government is praised for releasing political prisoners, partially opening Ethiopia's political space to the opposition, and making peace with neighboring Eritrea. At the same time, in recent years nearly 3 million people have fled their homes in Ethiopia, mainly because of ethnic violence. Human rights organizations accuse the country's authorities of forcing people to return to their homes, where many still do not feel safe. In 2018 and 2019 alone, more than a million Ethiopians were forced from their homes by ethnic violence. Ethiopia currently ranks first in the world in the number of internally displaced persons. The authors analyze the controversial socio-political situation in Ethiopia in the context of the upcoming parliamentary elections in 2020.
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Holtrop, Pieter N. "The Governor a Missionary? Dutch Colonial Rule and Christianization during Idenburg’s Term of Office as Governor of Indonesiaw (1909-16)." Studies in Church History. Subsidia 13 (2000): 142–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0143045900002830.

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As a reslut of forced Christianization, the motherland threatens to alienate the indigenous population of our colonies from herself.’ With this slogan a combination of left-wing political parties entered the elections for the Dutch Parliament in June 1913. This combination won the elections and in the end it was the liberal Cort van der Linden who was commissioned to form a government. The then governor-general of what was called the Dutch East Indies, the Christian statesman A. W. F. Idenburg (1861-1935), consequently considered relinquishing his post, now that a government would be formed of a political colour different from his own. On the advice of the leader of his party, the Dutch politician, journalist, and church leader Abraham Kuyper, however, he decided that his decision to stay or to resign would depend on the possibilities of co-operation with the new minister of colonial affairs. But he had no illusions about the opinion of the European press in Indonesia. ‘Against me,’ he wrote in a letter to the outgoing minister of colonial affairs, J. H. de Waal Malefijt (1852-1931), a fellow party member, ‘a devilish howling has burst out in some of the papers. They all agree that I must go.’
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Nguyen, Thành, and Karthik Kannan. "Welfare Implications in Intermediary Networks." Information Systems Research 32, no. 2 (2021): 378–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/isre.2020.0970.

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Competitive pressures have forced many traditional companies to evolve into a platform-based business model. Trade commissions and even supreme courts recognize the need for economic analysis as the nature of competition changes in the market. There have been many mergers and acquisitions across platform-based businesses. In the ride-sharing sector, Lyft and Didi Chuxing were initially in a partnership to thwart Uber but Uber merged its operation with Didi Chuxing eventually. Amazon and Walmart competed fiercely to buy the Indian online retailer Flipkart, which Walmart eventually won. Traditional antitrust models studying the implications of mergers do not consider the underlying network structure of these intermediary markets. This is the main focus of our model and analysis. We provide a network measurement to evaluate the effect of mergers on welfare. Our analysis shows that because of the underlying networks mergers can sometimes improve welfare.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Forced won"

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Williamson, Robert A. "Avoiding forced termination of pastors a win-win possibility through polarity management of conflict /." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 2003. http://www.tren.com.

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Wockatz, Philip. ""WOW. FOR VOLVO" : cognition and affect combining forces to measure the immeasurable." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Computer and Information Science, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-20990.

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Bartra, Obando Ricardo A. "Integration of the Peruvian Air Force information systems through an integrated LAN/WAN." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/28300.

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Tam, Wai-man, and 譚偉文. "Market force and urban design: a case study of Wanchai District." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2008. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B40687272.

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Hederström, Max. "Nato's luftkrig i Bosnien utifrån Pape's teorier." Thesis, Försvarshögskolan, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:fhs:diva-4745.

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Dr. Robert A. Pape gav 1996 ut sin bok Bombing to Win – Airpower and Coercion in War där han presenterar sin teori om hur luftmakt bäst ska användas för att påtvinga sin vilja över en motståndares. Genom empiriska studier argumenterar han för att strategisk bombning inte fungerar utan luftstridskrafterna ska istället användas till att bekämpa fiendens militära strategi.Detta självständiga arbete presenterar kärnan ur Pape's teori, samt tar ut tre centrala kriterier som verkar sammanfattande för teorin och undersöker sedan om det går att urskilja dessa inom Nato's nyttjandet av luftmakt under Operation Deliberate Force i Bosnien 1995. Luftkampanjen användes som ett politiskt instrument för att få slut på ett krig som präglades av etniska rensningar och territoriella dispyter. Stödet från världssamfundet att genomföra Deliberate Force var skört, vilket gjorde att utrymmet för misstag var litet.Slutsatsen är att Pape's resonemang kring lokal luftöverlägsenhet delvis går att urskilja, medan den nekande operationskonsten samt hammare och städ-taktiken tydligt går att urskilja. En slutsats är även att luftkampanjen var en avgörande faktor vid upphävandet av belägringen i Sarajevo, och hade stor påverkan på de strider som utspelade sig på marken, som sedan skulle bli avgörande för att Dayton-avtalet skrevs.
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Santos, Daniel. "Combined forced and parametric excitation of a single degree of freedom oscillator." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1991. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU602266.

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This report looks at two forms of Mathieu's equation, each subjected to an external sinusoidal excitation, and has been appropriately divided into two sections. The first section analyses a nonhomogeneous linear equation considered initially without, and then with damping, The second section investigates a nonlinear nonhomogeneous equation, with damping, and is supplemented by laboratory investigations and analogue computing. The principal mathematical method used throughout has been the perturbation method of multiple scales, with the method of variation of parameters incorporated to investigate the linear case. Some of the results, from both cases, are presented in the form of time trace diagrams and these compared well with results obtained from numerical integration of the original equation using the Runge - Kutta algorithm. All the remaining results are presented in the form of 3D diagrams in an effort to give more information about the frequency content of the response. Experimental results for parametric and forced excitation of a light cantilever with an end mass agreed qualitatively with theoretical predictions and analogue computer results agreed well. Again the results were presented in a similar format to those of the previous sections, using 3D diagrams. The main findings for the linear problem were that the response was dominated by the frequencies ? and ?p - ? , where ? is the forcing frequency and ? is the parametric excitation frequency. Close to the stability boundary the interaction between the forced and parametric responses resulted in a response much larger than that due to either effect on its own. When the nonlinearities considered here were added it was found that, with no external forcing the response in the unstable region was dominated as expected by a component at ? p/2, but as the amplitude of the external forcing was increased this component was suppressed and replaced by dominant components at frequencies ? and ?P- ? In addition there were normally sidebands present, sometimes of relatively quite considerable amplitude and even the appearance, for a limited window, of what might have been chaotic motion, with a continuous range of spectral components. These digital computer findings were confirmed by analogue computer and laboratory observations.
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Jansson, Markus. "Operation Allied Force : En undersökning om Pape´s luftmaktsteorier applicerade på detta krig gav önskat resultat." Thesis, Försvarshögskolan, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:fhs:diva-4797.

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24 mars 1999 påbörjar NATO för första gången i organisationens historia krigshandlingar med luftstridskrafter. Detta mot ett Serbien med Slobodan Milosevic i spetsen som utförde etniska rensningar på kosovoalbaner i Kosovo. Denna konflikt kom att från NATOs håll kallas operation Allied Force. Tre år innan denna konflikt urartade släppte Dr. Robert A. Pape en bok vid namn Bombing to win där Pape framför sina teorier för hur luftkrig och framförallt luftmakt skall genomföras. Tidigare forskning om Pape´s teorier och operation Allied Force visar att det finns vissa kopplingar mellan dennes teorier och den använda taktiken under luftkriget i konflikten. Syftet med denna undersökning är att försöka urskilja faktorer som påverkade utgången genom användandet av Pape´s teorier. Slutsatsen är att delar av Pape´s teorier inte applicerades tillräckligt mycket så att ett positivt resultat kunde nås. Analysen visar att NATO´s taktik i detta luftkrig är en blandning av olika teoretikers teorier, vilket kan förklaras med att flera olika politiska viljor har haft en stor inverkan på den utförda taktiken.
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Mitchell, Susanne. "Evaluating impacts and defining public perceptions of police body-worn cameras (BWCs)." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1555332027726849.

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Kopniczky, Judit. "Nanostructures Studied by Atomic Force Microscopy : Ion Tracks and Nanotextured Films." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis : Univ.-bibl. [distributör], 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-3763.

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Kyle, Michael Jon. "THE IMPACT OF BODY-WORN CAMERAS ON USE OF FORCE AND CITIZEN COMPLAINTS: A QUASI-EXPERIMENTAL STUDY AT THE NEWPORT NEWS POLICE DEPARTMENT." OpenSIUC, 2020. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/1794.

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Several questionable officer involved shootings and perceived abuses of authority disproportionately involving minority citizens have resulted in public outcry, protests, and nationwide scrutiny of police in recent years. The resulting police legitimacy crisis has prompted agencies to rapidly equip officers with body-worn video cameras (BWCs). BWC advocates lauded the findings of an early study that attributed significant reductions in use of force incidents and citizen complaints to the devices and it is this and a handful of other short-term studies upon which the claims of these benefits are predicated. However, subsequent research has produced mixed findings and the sustainability of any reductions remains questionable. The limited knowledge concerning the impact of BWCs on the aforementioned outcomes is problematic considering the potential negative impact of unrealistic expectations and the expense of BWC program maintenance. The objective of this dissertation is to address gaps in the extant research by exploring the impact of an incremental deployment of the devices on the frequency and severity of use of force incidents and the frequency and outcome of citizen complaints while controlling for staffing, volume of officer-initiated enforcement contacts, and the Ferguson incident. Utilizing 86-months of secondary data collected from the Newport News, Virginia Police Department (NNPD) a vector autoregressive multivariate time series analysis indicates that BWCs were a significant factor in a substantial sustained reduction in use of force and a substantial sustained increase in exonerated complaint dispositions at the NNPD.
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Books on the topic "Forced won"

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Wolverton, Dave. Star Wars: The Rising Force: Jedi Apprentice #1. Scholastic, 1999.

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Wolverton, Dave. The rising force. Scholastic, 1999.

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Wars lost, battles won. East European Monographs, 1992.

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Daring to win: Special forces at war. Arms and Armour, 1992.

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Wan Qing bing zhi. Zhonghua shu ju, 1997.

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Military incompetence: Why the American military doesn't win. Hill and Wang, 1985.

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Rong zhu chang cheng: Gao Aisu jun shi xin wen zuo pin xuan. Xin Hua chu ban she, 2003.

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Fight to win: Deadly skills of the elite forces. Century, 2009.

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Zhongguo wen hua yu Zhongguo de bing. Shang wu yin shu guan, 2001.

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Zhang Wannian jun shi wen xuan. Jie fang jun chu ban she, 2008.

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Book chapters on the topic "Forced won"

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Lutze, Thomas D. "The Battle Lines are Drawn: U.S. Contention with the CCP to Win the Middle Forces, 1947." In China's Inevitable Revolution. Palgrave Macmillan US, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230608771_3.

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Wetzel, Benjamin J. "Preacher of Righteousness, 1886‒1901." In Theodore Roosevelt. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198865803.003.0003.

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From 1886 to 1901, Roosevelt became a historian, civil service commissioner, police commissioner, assistant secretary of the Navy, war hero, and vice-president. He was also forced to deal with his brother Elliott’s alcoholism, infidelity, and untimely death. In all these experiences Roosevelt sought to promote what he regarded as “righteousness.” His histories provided analysis of religious controversies while his work in the Civil Service Commission and police department illustrated his commitment to moral reform. His actions in the Spanish-American War won him a popularity that helped make him New York governor in 1898. Reluctantly, he agreed to run for vice-president in 1900. While Roosevelt did not recover much personal piety in these years, he gained a reputation as a moralistic preacher of righteousness.
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Shelton, Jon. "Walker’s Wisconsin and the Future of the United States." In Labor in the Time of Trump. Cornell University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501746598.003.0005.

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This chapter outlines the rise of Scott Walker in Wisconsin, which foreshadowed contemporary attacks on public-sector workers and the election of Trump. As the industrial economy collapsed and Wisconsin workers' resentment intensified, Walker won the governor's seat in 2010 by blaming public workers and the special privileges they enjoyed and by promising to restore employment for industrial workers. The chapter details how Walker forced through Act 10, a legislative attack on unions in what had been one of the most progressive states. But despite Walker's promises, Wisconsin lags far behind projected job growth and employment levels in neighboring Minnesota, with its progressive agenda. The Walker agenda, and the coalitions that arose to resist it, presaged the Trump moment; it is an open question whether Walker's 2018 ouster itself is a precursor to future elections.
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Storrs, Landon R. Y. "Secrets and Self-Reinvention: The Making of Cold War Liberalism." In The Second Red Scare and the Unmaking of the New Deal Left. Princeton University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691153964.003.0006.

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This chapter explores the disloyalty allegations against the Keyserlings. Over the long course of their loyalty investigations, the Keyserlings portrayed themselves as having been political centrists during the 1930s, when in fact they had been decidedly on the left. The Keyserlings are remembered as loyal Johnson Democrats who favored Cold War military spending, backed U.S. policy in Vietnam, and argued that poverty could be eliminated through economic growth rather than redistribution. Before coming under investigation, however, they were socialists. Faced with a relentless stream of disloyalty allegations that began in the 1940s and climaxed in 1952, they were forced to modify their political rhetoric and moderate their policy proposals. They also denied they ever had held leftist views. Conservatives may have lost the battle to exclude the Keyserlings from public influence, but by narrowing the range of permissible debate, they won the war.
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Fischer, Beth A. "Introduction." In The Myth of Triumphalism. University Press of Kentucky, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5810/kentucky/9780813178172.003.0001.

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Triumphalists believe that President Ronald Reagan “won” the Cold War by introducing a military buildup and threatening the Soviet Union. His hawkish policies compelled Moscow to agree to arms reductions, democratic reforms, and a withdrawal from its war in Afghanistan. Ultimately, the president forced the Soviet Union to collapse. Triumphalists assert that contemporary leaders should follow Reagan’s lead: they should seek to end conflicts by compelling adversaries into submission. Despite its popularity, triumphalism is a series of myths about President Reagan’s intentions, his policies, and the impact his administration had on the USSR. Drawing upon sources from both the United States and the Soviet Union, each chapter of this book debunks a different falsehood. Chapters 1–3 clarify Reagan’s views and objectives, while Chapters 4 and 5 explain Soviet decision making. Chapter 6 considers larger debates about the effectiveness of compellence and diplomacy in ending the Cold War.
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Heere, Cees. "‘The Englands of East and West’." In Empire Ascendant. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198837398.003.0002.

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In September 1894, Japan won a series of dramatic victories over its much larger neighbour, Qing China. This demonstration of Japanese military power forced British observers to reassess their relationship with a country that, prior to the 1890s, many had dismissed as an ‘oriental’ curiosity. The late 1890s also saw the intensification of Anglo-Japanese interaction in the Pacific, as Japanese trade and migration came into closer contact with the British settler colonies there. Yet whereas London became increasingly concerned with Japan’s potential role in the East Asian balance of power, its willingness to cooperate with Tokyo (culminating the Anglo-Japanese alliance of 1902) conflicted with the racialized visions of Japanese expansion articulated by actors and commentators across the imperial system. Nowhere was this contradiction more evident than in the establishment of the ‘white Australia’ policy at the same time that Britain was negotiating its treaty with Japan.
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Shuback, Alan. "Louis B. Mayer." In Hollywood at the Races. University Press of Kentucky, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5810/kentucky/9780813178295.003.0008.

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Born into a lower-class Jewish Orthodox family in Imperial Russia, Louis B. Mayer rose to become the most powerful man in Hollywood.At the same time, he built one of the most successful racing stables in the nation, breeding horses whose influence is still evident today. As chief of production at MGM, he oversaw the most glittering stable of movie stars the world has ever seen: Greta Garbo, Clark Gable, Jean Harlow, Katharine Hepburn, Spencer Tracy, Mickey Rooney, JudyGarland, William Powell, and Gene Kelly, to name a few. With Mayer at the helm, MGM won five best picture Oscars and dominated Hollywood through the 1930s and early 1940s. Mayer then devoted most of his energies to developing his racing stable, efforts that led to his horse Busher being named 1945 Horse of the Year. Financial pressure, a failed marriage, and pressure from the studio forced him to sell most of his horses, but Mayer never abandoned his love affair with horse racing.
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Griffiths, Ryan D. "Northern Cyprus." In Secession and the Sovereignty Game. Cornell University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501754746.003.0009.

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This chapter tells the story of the independence effort in Northern Cyprus. It showcases the tactical options that are both available and unavailable to de facto state movements, and provides a cautionary tale for what happens when a secessionist region is separated from the rest of the state. The chapter discusses the tactics of the Northern Cypriots which are characterized by an inability to compel the home state using violence, nonviolence, and electoral capture, and then examines how they focused on defense, deterrence, and the keeping of the territory they possess instead. The chapter unveils how they demonstrated to the world that they are an empirical state that has earned sovereign recognition. It also investigates the calcified, frozen, and externalized conflict in Northern Cyprus, and assesses the impact of intricate diplomatic relations and geopolitical complexity. Ultimately, the chapter provides an illustration of how some independence movements, notably in the case of Northern Cyprus, are forced to play the sovereignty game. Although they have won their autonomy, their freedom, and their security, the victory is incomplete, as the Northern Cypriots know, because they are caught in a twilight state between reintegration and full statehood.
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Roller, Duane W. "Introduction." In Empire of the Black Sea. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190887841.003.0001.

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In early 63 BC, Mithridates the Great, king of Pontos, who ruled a territory that included most of the Black Sea coast, was in residence at his palace at Pantikapaion, just north of the sea. For thirty years he had been fighting the Romans for dominance in Asia Minor and beyond, and although he had won numerous victories, the overall trajectory was one of steady defeat for the king as Roman power spread to the east. He had been forced to abandon his traditional capital of Sinope, on the south shore of the sea, and retreat to the farthest corner of his kingdom at Pantikapaion, one of the most remote cities of the Greco-Roman world, where winters were unimaginably cold and the barbarian threat was ever present. Many of his allies and much of his family had abandoned him. Although he planned an invasion of Italy by going up the Danube and south through the Alps, imitating his famous predecessor Hannibal, he devoted most of his time to botany and pharmacology, in the long-standing tradition of scholarly royalty. But eventually he realized that he had no other options, and thus asked a bodyguard to kill him. Thus ended the career of one of the most remarkable leaders of classical antiquity, the man whom his younger contemporary Cicero called “the greatest king since Alexander [the Great].”...
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Cummings, Scott L. "Truck Drivers." In An Equal Place. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190215927.003.0006.

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This chapter examines the monumental campaign to raise labor and environmental standards in the trucking industry at the Los Angeles and Long Beach ports. Building on the blue-green coalition launched in the CBA and big-box contexts—and incorporating central lessons from a decade of community–labor organizing in Los Angeles—the Campaign for Clean Trucks emerged as a fight over air quality but ultimately advanced as a local policy struggle over working conditions for roughly sixteen thousand short-haul port truck drivers. For these drivers, the central problem was their misclassification as independent contractors. Misclassification forced drivers to bear all the costs of operation—contributing to poorly maintained dirty diesel trucks causing air pollution—while depriving them of the right to organize unions to improve labor conditions. Restoring drivers to the status of employees was the mutual goal bringing together the labor and environmental movements in this campaign. It rested on a novel legal foundation: The ports, as publicly owned and operated entities, had the power to define the terms of entry for trucking companies through contracts called concession agreements. The campaign—led by LAANE, the Teamsters union, and NRDC—leveraged this contracting power to win passage of the landmark 2008 Clean Truck Program, which committed trucking companies seeking to enter the Los Angeles port to a double conversion: of dirty to clean fuel trucks (thus reducing pollution) and of independent contractor to employee drivers (thus enabling unionization). However, the program’s labor centerpiece—employee conversion—was invalidated by an industry preemption lawsuit that went all the way to the United States Supreme Court. As a result, the policy gains from a blue-green campaign built on mutual interest were split apart and reallocated, resulting in environmental victory but labor setback. Why the coalition won the local policy battle but lost in court—and how the labor movement responded to this legal setback through an innovative strategy to maneuver around preemption—are the central questions this chapter explores.
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Conference papers on the topic "Forced won"

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Long, Yu, and Yong Huang. "Worn Tool Force Modeling in 3D Oblique Cutting Under Hard Turning Conditions." In ASME 2006 International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2006-21063.

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Quantitative understanding and prediction of cutting forces using worn tools is important to cutting process thermal modeling, tool life estimation, chatter prediction, and tool condition monitoring purposes. In this paper, a modeling approach in 3D oblique cutting is presented. The cutting configuration is featured with worn chamfered tools with a rounded tool nose under hard turning conditions, which are characterized by small feed rate and small depth of cut using a chamfered nose radius tool. The whole cutting edge is discretized into a number of elements, which follow the same chip flow angle. The force information is modeling by collectively considering the forces on each discretized elementary cutting edge based on a worn tool force model. The proposed model is further validated with the experimental hard turning studies. It is found that the chip flow angel does not change noticeably with tool wear. The predicted cutting and feed forces are relatively accurate compared with the predictions of the thrust forces. The force modeling accuracy is expected to be further improved by accurate consideration of the flank and crater wear geometry and generalization of the interaction forces between the discretized chip elements along the tool nose of the chamfer zone in the future studies.
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Kazemi, Reza, Ali Asghar Jafari, and Mohammad Faraji Mahyari. "The Effect of Drilling Mud Flow on the Lateral and Axial Vibrations of Drill String." In ASME 2010 10th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2010-25309.

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In this research, the effects of drilling mud flow and WOB force on the lateral vibration of drill string are investigated. To this goal, the kinetic and potential energy of drill string for axial and lateral vibrations are written in an integral equation. In potential energy equation, the effect of geometrical shortening, which causes nonlinear coupling between axial and lateral vibration, is considered. Drilling mud forces are modeled by Paidoussis formulations. The works done by WOB force, weight of drill string and drilling mud forces are calculated. The mode summation method is employed to convert the continuous system to a discrete one. Dropping and considering third and fourth order tensor of potential energy lead to linear and nonlinear system, respectively. The effects of stabilizers are modeled by a linear stiff spring. The wall contact is modeled by Hertzian contact force. Lagrange equation is employed for finding the equations of motions. First and second natural frequencies of drill string are found for different WOB and drilling mud flow. Also the effects of drilling mud and nonlinear terms on lateral vibration of drill string are investigated. The effect of drilling mud on the post buckling vibration of drill string is also delivered. This formulation can be used for optimization of drilling mud flow, WOB and the number and positions of stabilizer so that the lateral vibration of drill string is minimized.
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Karpat, Yigit, and Tugrul O¨zel. "An Analytical-Thermal Modeling Approach for Predicting Forces, Stresses and Temperatures in Machining With Worn Tools." In ASME 2005 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2005-81035.

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In this paper, predictive modeling of cutting and ploughing forces, stress distributions on tool faces and temperature distributions in the presence of tool flank wear are presented. The analytical and thermal modeling of orthogonal cutting that is introduced in Karpat, Zeren and O¨zel [3] extended for worn tool case in order to study the effect of flank wear on the predictions. Work material constitutive model based formulations of tool forces and stress distributions at tool rake and worn flank faces are utilized in calculating non-uniform heat intensities and heat partition ratios induced by shearing, tool-chip interface friction and tool flank face-workpiece interface contacts. In order to model forces and stress distributions under the flank wear zone, a force model from Waldorf [4] is adapted. Model is tested and validated for temperature and force predictions in machining of AISI 1045 steel and AL 6061-T6 aluminum.
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Yamada, Takashi, and Tomio Watanabe. "Development of a Pneumatic Cylinders-Driven Arm Wrestling Robot System Worn on the Human Upper Limb." In ASME 2010 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2010-28639.

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In this study, we develop a prototype pneumatic cylinders-driven arm wrestling robot system called AssistRobot that is worn on the human upper limb. AssistRobot, with two pneumatic cylinders and a force sensor, can control the force sense to the operator’s shoulder and elbow. Further, we simultaneously measure the human upper limb motion and the physiological index of skin surface electromyograms with circulation dynamics in response to forced actions by using the links mechanism of the AssistRobot system. The effectiveness of the system for the analysis of human upper limb motion characteristics is demonstrated.
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Effertz, T., P. Hehlert, M. Göpfert, and D. Beutner. "Probing Force Relay in Drosophila melanogaster Hearing." In 100 JAHRE DGHNO-KHC: WO KOMMEN WIR HER? WO STEHEN WIR? WO GEHEN WIR HIN? Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1728468.

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Fresco, Anthony N. "Solute Ion Coulomb Force Monopole Motor and Solute Ion Linear Alignment Propulsion." In ASME 2010 4th International Conference on Energy Sustainability. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2010-90396.

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Capacitive deionization relies on carbon aerogel or nanofoam having a surface area of 400 square meters/ gram to attract sodium and chlorine ions to the cathode and anode respectively by applying a voltage of about 1.5 VDC across the anode and cathode. By first physically isolating at least two anodes and two cathodes during charge accumulation, at least two positive monopoles and two negative monopoles are created. Positive/negative monopoles are formed by the enclosure of the cathodes/anodes by an electrically conductive material surrounding the sodium/chlorine ions. At least five or six like charged monopoles are created. At least four of the like charged monopoles (all negative or all positive) can be arranged on a disc. At least one stationary monopole of the same charge is placed adjacent to the disc and positioned so that a repulsive electric field is formed between the stationary monopole and at least one of the monopoles positioned on the disc so that the disc is then forced to rotate a shaft at the center of the disc. The Coulomb force between the monopoles is given by Coulomb’s Law, i.e., F=(k/ε)[(q1)(q2)/(r2)](1) where k = 9E+09 Newtons-meter2/coul2, q1 and q2 are the charge in coulombs, r is the distance between the charges in meters and ε = 75–81 dielectric constant assuming water between the charges (more likely air having ε = 1). Only a very small amount of charge in each monopole is required, i.e., 10 millicoulombs, (less than a milligram) to provide a force of about 44,000 Newtons (almost 10,000 lbs) if monopoles are separated by 0.5 meters (assuming this equation for Coulomb’s Law for this application is directly applicable without modification-this may not be the case). (For air, the force would be multiplied by 75–81). In a related approach, solute ions are accelerated by an electrostatic field from solute ions collected on electrodes +,-. Using an orthogonal electric field, partition electrodes are closed to capture like charged ions. Polarity is reversed via a transverse (longitudinal) electric field. Linear alignment of ions results in vector alignment of Coulomb forces to create an ion jet for propulsion or particle acceleration. The result is ionic marine propulsion and a possible ionic jet engine that obtains propulsion energy from Coulomb repulsion forces of homopolar separated charge. No combustion or jet fuel is required. Details are available in WO 2008/024927 A2 Ref. [1].
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Tahmeen, Mazeda, Geir Hareland, and Bernt S. Aadnoy. "Real-Time Software to Estimate Friction Coefficient and Downhole Weight on Bit During Drilling of Horizontal Wells." In ASME 2014 33rd International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2014-24620.

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The increasing complexity and higher drilling cost of horizontal wells demand extensive research on software development for the analysis of drilling data in real-time. In extended reach drilling, the downhole weight on bit (WOB) differs from the surface seen WOB (obtained from on an off bottom hookload difference reading) due to the friction caused by drill string movement and rotation in the wellbore. The torque and drag analysis module of a user-friendly real-time software, Intelligent Drilling Advisory system (IDAs) can estimate friction coefficient and the effective downhole WOB while drilling. IDAs uses a 3-dimensional wellbore friction model for the analysis. Based on this model the forces applied on a drill string element are buoyed weight, axial tension, friction force and normal force perpendicular to the contact surface of the wellbore. The industry standard protocol, WITSML (Wellsite Information Transfer Standard Markup Language) is used to conduct transfer of drilling data between IDAs and the onsite or remote WITSML drilling data server. IDAs retrieves real-time drilling data such as surface hookload, pump pressure, rotary RPM and surface WOB from the data servers. The survey data measurement for azimuth and inclination versus depth along with the retrieved drilling data, are used to do the analysis in different drilling modes, such as lowering or tripping in and drilling. For extensive analysis the software can investigate the sensitivity of friction coefficient and downhole WOB on user-defined drill string element lengths. The torque and drag analysis module, as well as the real-time software, IDAs has been successfully tested and verified with field data from horizontal wells drilled in Western Canada. In the lowering mode of drilling process, the software estimates the overall friction coefficient when the drill bit is off bottom. The downhole WOB estimated by the software is less than the surface measurement that the drillers used during drilling. The study revealed verification of the software by comparing the estimated downhole WOB with the downhole WOB recorded using a downhole measuring tool.
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Liu, Tien-I., and Shin-Da Song. "Intelligent Monitoring and Measurement of Tool Wear for the Turning of Stainless Steel Parts." In ASME 2004 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2004-59251.

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Cutting forces were used as indices in this research for the monitoring and measurement of tool wear during the turning of stainless steel parts. Virtual instrumentation was applied to extract the fourteen features from cutting force signals. The best combination of features, which would be used as input vectors for on-line monitoring and measurement, was selected by using a Sequential Forward Search (SFS) algorithm. Adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference systems (ANFIS) were used for the recognition of tool wear. The tool conditions, which are either usable or worn out, are the outputs for on-line monitoring. The outputs for on-line measurement are estimated values of tool wear. When ANFIS was applied, three features were needed for the monitoring of tool wear. They are the average of radial force, the average of tangential force, and the skewness of tangential force. For on-line measurement, four features were used as inputs. The input vector includes the average of radial force, the average of tangential force, the skewness of tangential force, and the kurtosis of longitudinal force. For the on-line monitoring of turning tool conditions, a 7 × 2 ANFIS can achieve a success rate of higher than 96% to distinguish usable tools from worn-out tools. For the on-line measurement of tool wear, the average flank wear estimation error is below 8.9% using a 3 × 3 ANFIS.
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Park, Jeong-Bin, Yeong-Seon Hong, Jin-Woong Kim, et al. "Wear Signal Measurement of Micro-End Mill Using Wavelet Analysis." In ASME 2008 International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference collocated with the 3rd JSME/ASME International Conference on Materials and Processing. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec_icmp2008-72121.

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Tool breakage poses a major problem for mechanical micro-tools. Although the prediction of tool wear is important in the scheduling of tool change and maintaining productivity, the life of micro-tools is generally predicted statistically based on data from experimental machining trials. In this study, force signals were observed during machining using a micro-end mill. The relationship between these signals and the wear of the micro-end mill was investigated using wavelet analysis. Printed Circuit Board (PCB) substrate materials were used as a workpiece, and cutting forces were measured with a dynamometer. To determine the difference between worn and unused tool conditions, the continuous wavelet transform was applied to the force signals that were measured by the dynamometer. The signals from the worn and unused tools had a different dominant frequency or scale. As the machining cutting length increased, the variation in dominant frequency could be identified by wavelet analysis.
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Moradi, Hamed, Mohammad T. Ahmadian, and Firooz Bakhtiari-Nejad. "Nonlinear Oscillation and Stability Analysis of the Turning Process With a Worn Tool." In ASME 2009 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2009-86250.

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Self-excited and forced vibrations are important topics in machining processes because their occurrence results in poor surface finish, increase in tool wear and hampers productivity. In this paper, turning process is modeled as a SDOF dynamic system including quadratic and cubic structural nonlinearities. The effect of tool flank wear, as a contact force between the work-piece and tool, is addressed vigorously. Multiple scale method is used to find the solution of the nonlinear dynamic equation including regenerative chatter, forced excitation and tool wear. It is shown that, width of cut can be considered as the bifurcation parameter of the system. Primary, super-harmonic and sub-harmonic resonance situations are discussed. Specifically, under super-harmonic resonance, turning process shows interesting behavior. Finally, stability of the steady state motion is investigated in terms of tool wear length, width of cut and spindle rotational speed. Results are compared for two distinct cases: system with fresh and worn tools.
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Reports on the topic "Forced won"

1

Durham, Richard W. Naval Forces as the Holding Force in a Win-Hold-Win Strategy. Defense Technical Information Center, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada331145.

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Scharpenberg, Henry S. U.S. Armed Forces and the Operational Level of War -- Are We Prepared to Win. Defense Technical Information Center, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada197192.

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Watson, Brian G. Reshaping the Expeditionary Army to Win Decisively: The Case for Greater Stabilization Capacity in the Modular Force. Defense Technical Information Center, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada437411.

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