Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Forces moléculaires'
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Bartolo, Denis. "Forces et fluctuations : forces induites par l'agitation et réponse d'adhésifs moléculaires." Paris 6, 2003. https://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00003804.
Full textPansanel, Jérôme. "Tectonique moléculaire : conception, synthèse et étude structurale de réseaux moléculaires non-convalents." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003STR13145.
Full textThis work presents the conception, the synthesis and the structural study of molecular networks, following the concepts of molecular tectonics. The research area, based on the supramolecular chemistry, deals with the construction of infinite architectures, upon self-assembly of active bricks (tectons), through non-covalent bonds. In order to prepare such networks, two strategies have been used. In a first part, with a view to realise one-dimensional networks, stabilised by van der Waals interactions, the conception and preparation of new tectons, composed of two divergent cavities (derivatives of calix[4]arene) linked with an organic or metallic bridge, are presented. Then, with the aim of associate these tectons with an organic connector, some trials and results are presented. In a second part, we present the synthesis of two families of tectons, for the purpose of associate these organic ligands by coordination bonds. First, we present the preparation of triphenylmethane derivatives, and their use to prepare a 3-D network, by the coordination with Ag+ cation. Secondly, we describe the synthesis of new bis-monodentate tectons based on nicotinoyl or isonicotinoyl units. At the end, we present forth the results of the linking of this tectons with transition metals, who leads to the formation of a finite complex molecule (mettalamacrocycle) and one- or two-dimensional coordination networks
Martz, Julien. "Tectonique moléculaire : Réseaux moléculaires non-covalents et directionnels à base de dérivés Calix[4]arènes." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002STR13146.
Full textThe construction of large inclusion molecular networks in the solid state may be reached through self-assembly process of complementary modules and ensured by weak and reversible noncovalent interactions (van der Waals forces). The formation of molecular networks is achieved through the synthesis of linear tectons named koilands using calix[4]arenes derivatives in cone conformation. Koilands were obtained upon fusion of two calix[4]arenes units by two metals with a tetrahedral coordination geometry. Infinite and linear inclusion molecular networks named koilates are formed using molecular recognition principles in the crystalline phase. Thus, an infinite 1-D molecular network was generated under self-assembly conditions based on inclusion processes of consecutive p-iso-propylcalix[4]arene koilands with hexadiyne as connector molecules. Dealing with 1-D inclusion networks, the control of directionality is crucial for the exploitation of directional physical properties such as dipolar interactions. The formation of such directional networks may be based on the design of non-centrosymmetric koilands either on geometric differentiation of the two cavities such as p-allyl/p-tert-butylcalix[4]arene doubly Si fused koiland, or on electronic differentiation such as monosilicon p-tert-butylcalix[4]arene koiland, Ti/Si or Ge/Si p-tert-butylcalix[4]arene koilands. For example, a linear directional koilate is obtained through inclusion processes of phenylpropyne connectors bridging two consecutives p-allyl/p-tert-butylcalix[4]arene koilands. Whereas the propyne moiety of the connector is included within the cavity with tert-butyl groups, the phenyl moiety penetrates the cavity bearing allyl groups. Due to the unsymmetrical nature of the assembling core, upon translation, a 1-D directional koilate is obtained. Unfortunately, the directional linear koilates are positioned in a parallel fashion but with opposite orientation, thus leading to a non-directional packing then to a non-polar solid. However, using monosilicon p-tert-butylcalix[4]arene koiland with particular crystallisation conditions, directional koilates with non-centrosymmetric packing are obtained with an original modification of the tetrahedral geometry around fusing silicon
Klein, Cédric. "Tectonique moléculaire : Conception,génération et analyse structurale d'entités métallo-organiques auto-assemblées finies ou infinies à base de [1.1.1.1] métacyclophane." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002STR13131.
Full textConception of metallo-organic molecular networks in the solid state was investigated using the self-assembly route involving preprogrammed complementary molecular subunits. According to the symmetry of each component, the translation of the structural nodes can be performed in one, two or three directions of space and consequently leading to the formation of 1-D, 2-D or 3-D networks. Based on the organic [1. 1. 1. 1]metacyclophane backbone adopting a fixed 1,3-alternate conformation, three new families of organic tectons were studied and their abilities to form metallo-organic networks with metallic cations were showed in the solid state by single crystal X-ray diffraction. The first family deals with bridged exo-bis-bidentate tectons and exo-tetrakis-bidentate tectons synthesized mainly to conceive 1-D metallo-organic networks with metallic moieties possessing coordination numbers of 4 and 8. Unfortunately, these chelating ligands showed too strong affinities for desired metallic ions preventing the self-reparation process and consequently the formation of the most thermodynamically stable species. The second family involves exo-tetrakis-monodentate-type ligands. According to the nature of interaction sites and to their relative spatial orientation, these ligands leaded to the formation of 1-D tubular-type metallo-organic network, 2-D rhombohedric-grid-type metallo-organic network and 3-D interpenetrated-diamond-type metallo-organic network by iterative complexation with Ag(I) cation. The third and last family deals with syn-bis-monodentate-type ligands. These systems were employed to obtain molecular networks in which the self-assembly process operate in a single space direction, independently of the nature of the metallic moieties and the coordination geometry adopted by the latters. These systems showed to be very efficient to operate a perfect dimensional control. However, we showed that using these ligands with cleverly selected metal ions, according to their partially coordinatively unsaturation and their coordination geometries can lead to the formation of either totally rigid metallamacrocyclic species and metallacage type superstructures respectively formulated as M2L2 and M2L4 or M4L4 (where M and L respectively denote metal ions and ligands involved). These discrete metallo-organic entities showed inclusion properties in the solid state
Siri, Didier. "Modélisation moléculaire : contribution au développement de deux nouveaux logiciels de calcul de champ de force : application à différentes familles de composés moléculaires." Aix-Marseille 3, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990AIX30019.
Full textSoyer, Magali. "Mécanismes moléculaires de la colonisation de l’endothélium par Neisseria meningitidis." Thesis, Paris 5, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA05T080.
Full textBacterial infections targeting the bloodstream lead to a wide array of severe clinical manifestations, such as septic shock or focal infections (endocarditis and meningitis). Neisseria meningitidis colonizes successfully the vascular wall and causes severe sepsis. Such infections result from an efficient colonization of host endothelial cells, a key step in meningococcal diseases which has been the subject of the work presented here. Endothelium colonization by N. meningitidis is a complex process implying bacterial adhesion and multiplication on the endothelial cell surface in the specific context of the bloodstream, where mechanical forces generated by the blood flow are applied on circulating bacteria. Even though many studies focused on the interaction between N. meningitidis and the endothelial cell, many aspects remain elusive, such as the impact of shear stress generated drag forces and the relative contribution of the two partners involved in this interaction.Adhesion to the endothelial cell surface is dependent on bacterial factors called type IV pili (Tfp) and leads to induction of a host cell response, characterized by a local remodeling of the plasma membrane and reorganization of actin cytoskeleton underneath bacterial microcolonies. First, we have shown that the cellular response induced by N. meningitidis actively participate in the colonization process. Indeed, membrane deformation allows contact with every bacterium inside the microcolony, which is necessary for microcolony resistance to mechanical forces. Additionally, we have demonstrated that the PilV protein, a Tfp component, is involved in plasma membrane remodeling and actin cytoskeleton reorganization. We designed a method combining high resolution live-cell fluorescence video-microscopy and fluorescence quantification to decipher the early events induced on contact of bacterial aggregates with the host cell surface. Using this technique we have shown that membrane remodeling does not rely on actin cytoskeleton reorganization but rather on intrinsic properties of the lipid bilayer. Second, we focused on latter steps of the infection process when initiation of a new colonization cycle is initiated. While firmly attached to the host cell surface through the membranous projections, some bacteria can detach from the microcolony to disseminate throughout the host. We have demonstrated the importance of post-translational modification of the major piline in this step and characterized the underlying mechanisms.This work allows refinement of the molecular mechanisms involved in the induction of the cellular response induced by N. meningitidis and its impact on successful endothelium colonization by this pathogen
Bret, Céline. "Modélisation de la polarisation dans les champs de forces moléculaires et études des structures redox du cytochrome C3 de Desulfovibrio africanus par dynamique moléculaire." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000GRE19008.
Full textPiquemal, Jean-Philip. "Evaluation des interactions moléculaires dans des complexes bioinorganiques : du calcul ab initio au potentiel polarisable." Paris 6, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA066267.
Full textDuval-Été, Marie-Christine. "Structure électronique et mouvements moléculaires dans les complexes de Van der Waals du mercure." Paris 11, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA112191.
Full textCe travail porte sur l'étude de la structure électronique et vibrationnelle de complexes de van der Waals du mercure. Il met en évidence l'influence de la nature électronique et vibrationnelle du niveau optiquement excité sur les voies de désactivation. L'étude spectroscopique des différents systèmes, mercure-atome : Hg-Ar et mercure-molécule : Hg-N₂ , Hg-CH₄ , Hg-NH₃ et Hg-H₂ 0, conduit à la détermination des potentiels d'interaction van der Waals. Dans le cas du complexe mercure-argon on a pu montrer, par un modèle simple, que pour les premiers états électroniques excités, états corrélés aux niveaux 6³P du mercure, le facteur essentiel décrivant l'interaction van der Waals est l'orientation moyenne de l'orbitale 6³p du mercure par rapport à l'axe internucléaire du complexe. L'étude des états excités supérieurs corrélés à l'état de Rydberg 7³s₁ du mercure a révélé une structure en double puits. L'argon peut occuper deux positions d'équilibre, situé à l'intérieur du nuage électronique de l'orbitale 7s du mercure, le complexe a les caractéristiques de l'ion Hg+-Ar, situé à l'extérieur de ce nuage il forme une molécule de van der Waals très peu liée. Les mouvements moléculaires du complexe : Allongement et torsion et leur influence sur les mécanismes de désactivation, sont plus spécialement étudiés avec le système Hg-N₂. La modélisation des spectres expérimentaux: Excitation de fluorescence, émission, excitation du fragment Hg (6 ³P0), conduit à une description des potentiels d'interaction de l'état fondamental et des états excités atteints. Les mouvements de torsion du complexe peuvent être décrits comme une rotation bloquée de l'azote. Observant une dépendance de la dissociation du complexe avec le niveau vibrationnel excité, on a pu mettre en évidence le rôle du moment angulaire de vibration sur la dissociation du complexe induisant la relaxation intra multiplet du mercure vers le niveau ³P0. Enfin, l'excitation optique des complexes de van der Waals mercure-ammoniac et mercure-eau permet l'observation directe et la caractérisation spectroscopique des complexes collisionnels dont les émissions ont été observées précédemment. Donnant une image précise de la structure électronique, des mouvements moléculaires et des processus de désactivation de ces complexes, cette étude contribue à la compréhension de leur formation et des émissions caractéristiques leur étant liées. Un mécanisme de double échange de charge entre le mercure et la molécule est proposé pour rendre compte des énergies de liaison des complexes les plus liés à l'état excité. Il est de même nature que ceux ayant lieu entre ligands et surfaces métalliques, aussi les complexes très liés peuvent-ils être considérés comme des systèmes catalytiques ou pré-catalytiques
Iftner, Christophe. "Modélisation de complexes et agrégats moléculaires en matrice cryogénique." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU30160/document.
Full textThis thesis presents the development and applications of an hybrid quantum-classical formalism in order to describe the electronic structure of an active system in a cryogenic environment (cluster or rare gas matrix). The quantum description of the electronical structure of the active system is based on a a tight-binding approximation of the density functional theory, with self-consistency regarding the charges (SCC-DFTB). The rare gaz environment is described via classical atom-atom potential (FF). The interaction between the active system and the atoms of the cryogenic environment is represented by local anisotropic matricial electron-atom operators, as well as by polarisation and dispersion contributions. Operators and interaction parameters are extracted from post Hartree-Fock \textit{ab initio} calculations (CCSD-T) of active atom/argon atom pairs. The applications involve hydrocarbons, isolated water clusters or hydrocarbon/water complexes in interaction with argon clusters or matrices. The model has been validated on small systems (C6H6 molecule, H2O molecule) in interaction with argon atoms and clusters. We have been able to determine structural and energetic data for (C6H6)Arn (n < 55) clusters which are benchmarked against ab initio results (DFT,CCSD-T) for the smaller sizes, or with respect to FF calculations, available in the literature, for larger sized clusters. The model enables to treat various electronic situations, allows in particular to determine the evolution of the ionization potentials of the active system as a function of the inert cluster size. The SCC-DFTB/FF model has then been applied to water molecules and water nano-clusters (H2O)n (n=2-6) embedded in argon matrices, represented by finite size cristal pieces of the face centered cubic lattice. Structural and energetical data have been obtained. Molecular dynamics studies have enabled the determination of finite temperature infrared (IR) spectra. Comparison between the theoretical and experimental spectra of the water monomer embedded in the matrix validates the SCC-DFTB/FF approach. The case of the water hexamer (H2O)6, the smallest cluster presenting a three-dimensional structure and caracterized by several low-energy isomers, has been investigated exhaustively : the effect of the matrix on the structures of some isomers has been shown as well as differential effects on their respective stabilities. An influence on IR lines positions has also been highlighted. Our theoretical study allows for a satisfactory interpretation of the experimental data for the smallest clusters (n<4). The assignment of the experimental spectra of the hexamer remains in discussion. Finally, preliminary results on structures, energetics and finite temperature IR spectra have been obtained for Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH) /water complexes. The results for the complexes are discussed in relation with experimental data obtained in the team of Joëlle Mascetti at the Institute of Molecular Sciences (University of Bordeaux I), in the context of an ANR collaborative project (ANR PARCS no 13-BS08-0005). The thesis has been co-financed by the CNRS Institute of Physics and Conseil Regional of Region Midi-Pyrénées
Bégué, Didier. "Calculs des polarisabilités et des coefficients de van der Waals pour des petits systèmes moléculaires : de l'étude de l'atome à celle de l'état condensé." Pau, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PAUU3001.
Full textSt-Onge, Vincent. "Interprétation microscopique de l'émergence des verres moléculaires : un pont entre l'expérience et la simulation." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/10441.
Full textTran, Thanh Thuy. "Lattice model for amyloid peptides : OPEP force field parametrization and applications to the nucleus size of Alzheimer's peptides." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCC187/document.
Full textThe neurodegenerative Alzheimer's disease (AD) is affecting more than 40 million people worldwide and is linked to the aggregation of the amyloid-β proteins of 40/42 amino acids. Despite many experimental and theoretical studies, the mechanism by which amyloid fibrils form and the 3D structures of the early toxic species in aqueous solution remain to be determined. In this thesis, I studied the structures of the eraly formed oligomers of the amyloid-β peptide and the critical nucleus size of two amyloid-β peptide fragments using either coarse-grained or all-atom simulations. First, at the coarse-grained level, I developed a lattice model for amyloid protein, which allows us to study the nucleus sizes of two experimentally well-characterized peptide fragments (Aβ)16-22 and (Aβ)37-42 of the Alzheimer's peptide (Aβ)1-42. After presenting a comprehensive OPEP force-field parameterization using an on-lattice protein model with Monte Carlo simulations and atomistic simulations, I determined the nucleus sizes of the two fragments. My results show that the nucleation number is 10 chains for (Aβ)16-22 and larger than 20 chains for (Aβ)37-42. This knowledge is important to help design more effective drugs against AD. Second, I investigated the structures of the dimer (Aβ)1-40 using extensive atomistic REMD simulations. This study provides insights into the equilibrium structure of the (Aβ)1-40 dimer in aqueous solution, opening a new avenue for a comprehensive understanding of the impact of pathogenic and protective mutations in early-stage Alzheimer’s disease on a molecular level
Ulmschneider, Michel. "Modèle analytique pour le calcul des surfaces moléculaires de Van der Waals et accessible au solvant : contribution au calcul des enthalpies libres d'hydratation et des coefficients de partage." Mulhouse, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993MULH0291.
Full textDhaouadi, Zoubeida. "Contribution à l'analyse vibrationnelle des bases puriques des acides nucléiques. : Détermination des champs de forces moléculaires et simulations des spectres Raman de résonance et de diffusion inélastique de neutrons." Paris 13, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA132009.
Full textBrut, Marie. "Nouvelle approche méthodologique pour la prise en compte de la flexibilité dans les interactions entre molécules biologiques : les modes statiques." Toulouse 3, 2009. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/494/.
Full textKnowledge of structural and physical-chemical properties of biomolecules requires a precise understanding of intra and inter-molecular interactions. Abundance of data and socio-economic issues require the development of powerfull analytical tools, such as in silico research. Developed algorithms remain unsatisfactory, particularly for the treatment of conformational flexibility of macromolecules. We propose in this thesis a new method, the Static Modes, to obtain an algorithm taking into account the flexibility of the entire system. This approach, based on the "induced-fit" concept, aims to identify all possible modes of deformation of a molecule. Each deformation, called a Static Mode, results from an external excitation on one atom of the biomolecule. These modes are calculated according to force constants in the energy model. They are then stored for future uses, docking in particular. The problem of docking is then reduced to interactions between sites, molecular deformations arising from pre-calculated Static Modes. This work has led to the development of a code: Flexible. We present here the first applications to the properties of various unique molecules : thermosensitive polymer, allosteric enzymes, nucleic acids
El, maangar Asmae. "L’extraction raisonnée de métaux stratégiques par des hydrotropes." Thesis, Université de Montpellier (2022-….), 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022UMONS004.
Full textLiquid-liquid extraction (LLE) is the main separation technology used in hydrometallurgical processes for the recycling of strategic metals needed for a circular economy. The industrial implementation of recycling relies on the control of the transfer of species between a concentrated solution of electrolytes containing the metal cations to be selectively extracted and a solution of lipophilic surfactant associated with a water-immiscible solvent and “phase modifiers”. A limitation of LLE processes as currently used is the formation of the 3rd phase. In addition, they induce a heavy environmental impact due to the use of high volumes of reagents and the intensive use of non-environmentally friendly organic solvents. One possible strategy to overcome these problems is by using hydrotrope-based systems.Hydrotropes are a family of molecules used for applications in analytical biochemistry, pharmaceuticals and cosmetics. These molecules have never been studied in the context of metal recycling. This thesis is devoted to the understanding and implementation of hydrotropes for metal extraction, as well as to the identification of the driving forces involved.This work uses the “ienaics” approach to measure and understand what happens when the diluent, the phase modifier and even the extractant are replaced by hydrotropes, respectively. Two types of hydrotropes are studied: hydrotropes that are short neutral surfactants and electrolyte hydrotropes such as sodium salicylate. In each case, the determination of the phase diagrams and the nanostructuration of the phases are necessary prerequisites to understand the molecular forces at the origin of the measured transfers. The use of X-ray fluorescence, X-ray and neutron scattering, interfacial tensiometry and calorimetry techniques have been decisive for the understanding of the mechanisms underlying hydrotropic extraction.At the cost of an increase in complexity of the process schemes related to the solubility of the hydrotrope in the aqueous phases, we demonstrate that the use of hydrotropes instead of the diluent or even instead of the extractant, understood by the “ienaics” decomposition, leads to a gain of an order of magnitude in process intensification and/or in volume of effluents produced, opening the way to the “reasoned” extraction of the metals for their recycling from the urban mine
Moulard, Bruno. "Génétique de la sclérose latérale amyotrophique : études cliniques et moléculaires des formes familiales ; études moléculaires des formes sporadiques." Montpellier 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996MON1T015.
Full textComparat, Daniel. "Formation de molécules froides par photoassociation d'atomes froids de césium. Mise en évidence de forces à longue portée entre atomes froids excités de césium." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 1999. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00002752.
Full textNarth, Christophe. "Développement de champs de forces polarisables : vers la dynamique moléculaire SIBFA." Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066739/document.
Full textThe purpose of this thesis is to revisit the potential of SIBFA (Sum of Interactions Between Fragments Ab initio computed) [...]
Ritchie, David. "Algorithmes Haute-Performance pour la Reconnaissance de Formes Moléculaires." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Henri Poincaré - Nancy I, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00587962.
Full textMathis, Hervé. "Reconnaissance de formes moléculaires dans les relations structure-activité." Nancy 1, 1992. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_1992_0344_MATHIS.pdf.
Full textKarzazi, Yasser. "Structure électronique et champ de forces moléculaire des cycloimmonium ylures." Lille 1, 1996. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/1996/50376-1996-410.pdf.
Full textGribaa, Moez. "Génétique moléculaire de nouvelles formes d'ataxies progressives récessives." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2006. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2006/GRIBAA_Moez_2006.pdf.
Full textTristram, Frankie. "Contribution à l'élaboration du champ de forces SPASIBA de sucres." Lille 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996LIL10113.
Full textThomas, Louis. "Étude par microscopie à sonde locale des propriétés électriques de monocouches auto-assemblées de molécules photo-commutables sur substrats ferromagnétiques." Thesis, Lille 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIL1I086/document.
Full textThis thesis focuses on electrical transport through self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of photoisomerisable compounds grafted on ferromagnetic materials (FMs) for applications at the frontier between molecular electronics and spintronics. These systems have been characterized by conductive atomic force microscopy under ambient conditions and ultra-high vacuum. FM-SAM/tip junctions are expected to show resistance photoswitching during irradiation cycles. The first FM-SAM couple consists of lanthanum strontium manganite (LSMO) and a diarylethene derivative (DDA). We show that the switch-off of LSMO-DDA after UV irradiation, characterized by a ratio 5 of current, does not result from DDA isomerization but rather from LSMO heating. Similarly, electric field and strain applied by the tip also lead to the switch-off of the LSMO. Nevertheless, this last effect is disrupted when LSMO is protected by a DDA SAM. The second system studied is an azobenzene derivative grafted on cobalt. Co-AzBT exhibits an ON/OFF current ratio up to 21 at +0,5 V, partially reversible. Tip-induced switch-off was also observed on air exposed cobalt but is quasi-absent when the substrate is protected by a SAM. Despite showing the difficulties inherent to the use of FMs, this work sheds light on new ways to realize hybrid opto-spintronics molecular devices, triggered by isomerization and spin-polarized transport
Boichard, Amélie. "Caractérisation moléculaire des formes métastatiques de carcinome médullaire de la thyroïde." Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA11T015/document.
Full textMedullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) is a rare neuroendocrine tumor, arising from calcitonin-secreting cells. This cancer occurs in a family context in a third of cases. All inherited forms and nearly 40% of sporadic forms are caused by activating point-mutations in the RET oncogene, coding for a tyrosine-kinase receptor. Other oncogenic events causing sporadic cases remain unclear, but activating mutations of RAS oncogenes have been discovered recently.Prognosis of MTC is essentially linked to early lymph node occurrence. Initial surgery of metastatic forms is often insufficient and patients are considered in therapeutic dead-end. The recent advent of selective tyrosine-kinase inhibitors (TKIs) has brought a new impetus to the management of refractory tumors, some of them targeting the RET receptor. Optimization of these treatments require improving knowledge of the underlying molecular mechanisms of tumor development.In this context and helped by a large collection of human specimens, we have sought to deepen the description of genomic landscape of MTC.At first, we evaluated the structural and chromosomal abnormalities presented by MTC. We showed, by optimizing sequencing methods, that RET and RAS mutations are involved in over 96% of the cases, these events are mutually exclusives. These mutations can distinguish several groups of aggressiveness and of response to TKI treatments. We also observed, by comparative genomic hybridization techniques, recurrent abnormalities such as deletion of the short arm of chromosome 1 and loss of entire chromosomes 4 and 22. These losses appear to be early events of tumorigenesis MTC.In a second step, we determined - by a microarray approach – the microRNA expression profile of MTC. Some of these post-transcriptional regulators seem related to tumor invasiveness, such as miR-21, miR-199 and miR-129. We demonstrated the potential of microRNAs miR-21 and miR-199 as circulating diagnosis biomarkers of MTC. The functional impact of the precursor forms mir-21 and mir-129 was then evaluated by transfection in TT and MZ- CRC1 cellular models.Observations obtained pave the way for a lot of new potential studies. They allow the definition of tissue biomarkers distinguishing metastatic forms or refractory patients. Finally, they highlight new pathways for the discovery of additional therapeutic targets in this disease
Crespo, Alexia. "Compréhension de la tribologie des films limites : de l'organisation moléculaire à la réponse en friction." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSEC021/document.
Full textFriction in boundary lubrication can be controlled by the adsorption of molecules on surfaces that reduce direct contacts between asperities. In this context, the aim of this thesis is to understand and to couple the mechanisms of adsorption and self-organization of different fatty acids on surfaces, with the mechanisms of interfacial friction under steady-state regime and transient conditions. The effect of the molecular architecture, modified by the presence and conformation of one unsaturation in the aliphatic chain of fatty acids, was also analyzed. In-situ characterization, at the molecular level, was performed with the molecular tribometer ATLAS, developed at LTDS. This apparatus allows quasi-static and dynamic displacements, of a sphere in front of a plane in three directions. Three fatty acids solutions, in low concentration in dodecane, were analyzed. The displacements and the forces, normal and tangential, are measured using capacitive sensors with a resolution of 0.015 nm and 10 nN respectively. Dynamic superimposed measurements allow a simultaneous rheological characterization of the confined interface in terms of damping and stiffness in two directions. The results show that the fatty acids adsorb on the surfaces by weak interactions and form viscoelastic films with a thickness of about 15 Å on each surface. The coverage rate and adsorption kinetics of these layers depend on the molecular architecture of the fatty acids. This architecture also governs interfacial friction, which has been described as superlubricity, and the rheology of self-assembled monolayers. Various film organizations have thus led to different evolutions of the friction as a function of the sliding speed and the contact pressure. The transient friction response and its accommodation during slip to a new stationary state have also been described by characteristic distances of several nanometers, reflecting the statistic average renewal of the contact spots, and by relaxation times of the order of the second, describing the molecular rearrangement within the interface. Finally, theoretical modeling of boundary friction has been proposed to understand the molecular origin of the friction between monolayers of fatty acids and highlight the strong coupling between both spatial and temporal scales
Lambert, Jean-Marc. "Synthèses et caractérisations de nouvelles formes moléculaires du carbone : fulllerènes, dérivés et nanotubes." Montpellier 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995MON20079.
Full textQuéméneur, Eric. "Approche immunochimique et structurale des deux formes moléculaires de la créatine kinase mitochondriale." Lyon 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989LYO10157.
Full textSmialowski-Fleter, Sylvie. "La carboxylestérase (pl 5,1) intestinale du porc : ponts disulfure, formes moléculaires et acylation." Aix-Marseille 3, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001AIX30064.
Full textThe study of thiol groups of porcine intestinal carboxylesterase (PICE) led us on the one hand, to the identification of two intra-chain disulfide bridges, namely Cys70-Cys99 and Cys256-Cys267 and, on the other hand, to the identification of a blocked sulfhydryl group (Cys71). We observe that the two disulfide bridges are present in the cholinesterase family,although PICE showed only about 35 % identity with these proteins. The first disulfide bridge or loop O (omega), by analogy with the cholinesterases, seems to be important for the enzyme conformation because of its inactivation under reducing conditions. Lastly, PICE was also found to hydrolyze cholinergic substrates, although essential residues responsible for substrate binding in cholinesterases were lacking in loop O (omega) of PICE. Other amino acid residues in PICE may therefore be responsible for the binding of cholinergic substrates to the enzyme. Using the anti-peptide K281-E296 of PICE polyclonal antibodies, we showed that the enzyme was only found to be expressed in the porcine small intestine, liver, submaxillary and parotid glands, kidney cortex, lungs, and cerebral cortex, which have in particular a secretory function. In the intestinal mucosa, the pi 5. 1 enzyme was distributed in several subcellular fractions (microsomal, mitochondrial, soluble), as well as in the microvillar fraction. .
Grosjean, Sylvain. "Conception de plates-formes moléculaires hétérocycliques : application à la synthèse d'analogues de nucléosides." Nantes, 2010. http://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show.action?id=08af25e8-eef1-48d7-aa05-fc71cf118eb8.
Full textThe purpose of this work is a methodological study in heterocyclic chemistry, aiming at the synthesis of nitrogen bicyclic compounds. Chapter 1 deals with the synthesis of sulfur and nitrogen heterodienic chains and their use in [4+2] heterocyclization reactions for the synthesis of carbonylated and thiocarbonylated methylsulfanylpyrimidines. Chapter 2 describes the structural modifications which were brought to pyrimidine rings in order to perform the second ring construction. The key-step of the strategy is the nucleophilic displacement of the methylsulfanyl group on the pyrimidine ring. The synthesis leads to the formation of 1,3,7-trisubstituted pyrimido[1,2-a]pyrimidines. Chapter 3 is an application of the described methodological approach. It outlines the synthesis of puric base nucleoside analogues from glycosylisothiocyanates
Boissel, Sarah. "Approche génétique des bases moléculaires et physiopathologiques de formes autosomiques recessives de retard mental." Paris 5, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA05T031.
Full textMental retardation (MR) is characterized by deficits in higher brain functions that result in significant limitations in adaptive and cognitive skills. It is the most frequent handicap in children and young adults, affecting 2-3% of the general population. However, the cause of MR remains unexplained in most cases, leaving families without accurate diagnosis and genetic counseling. Understanding the biological bases of these disorders is therefore an important medical and scientific challenge for the next years. This manuscript describes the analysis of three consanguineous multiplex families in which isolated or syndromic MR segregates. This thesis develops the identification using autozygosity mapping and functional analyses of three novel genes responsible for autosomal recessive MR. First, we study the family Ha, in which affected children present with non syndromic MR, and identify COMMD4 as a good candidate gene for MR. Second, we report on a MED23 mutation resulting in isolated MR, providing the first example of a mutation in the Mediator complex associated with pure mental deficiency. Third, we study a large family in which patients show psychomotor retardation with multiple congenital anomalies. We show that an inactivating FTO mutation is responsible for a novel lethal syndrome, illustrating the first example of a human disorder related to the defect of an AlkB-related protein
Tesson, Stéphane. "Un champ de force polarisable pour l'étude des argiles à l'échelle moléculaire." Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066536/document.
Full textThe wide use of clay minerals in industrial applications is partly due to their remarkable properties of water retention at the mineral surface. Retention and transport mechanisms of water molecules and ions at the surface of clays can be modeled at the atomic scale via different classical methods such as molecular dynamics. These methods require to parametrize in advance the interaction between the atoms of the system. The goal of this study is to improve the description of these systems via the parametrization of a new polarizable force field entirely based on density functional theory calculations.The structure, the thermodynamics and the dynamics properties of pyrophyllite, talc and Na-, Ca-, Sr- and Cs-montmorillonite are well reproduced. The atomic structure of sheets and interfoliar space are in good agreement with experimental results
Lagardère, Louis. "Calcul haute-performance et dynamique moléculaire polarisable." Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066042.
Full textThis works is at the interface between theoretical chemistry, scientific computing and applied mathematics. We study different algorithms used to solve the specific equations that arise in polarizable molecular dynamics in a massively parallel context. This family of models requires indeed to solve more complex equations than in the classical case making the use of supercomputers mandatory in order to get significant results. We will more specifically study different types of boundary conditions that represent different ways to model solvation effects : first the Particle Mesh Ewald method to treat periodic boundary conditions and then a continuum solvation model discretized within a domain decomposition strategy : the ddCOSMO. The outline of this thesis is as follows : first, the different parallel strategies in the general context of molecular dynamics are reviewed. Then several methods to adapt these strategies to the specific case of polarizable force fields are presented. After that, strategies that allow to circumvent certain limits due to the use of iterative methods in the context of polarizable molecular dynamics are presented and studied. Then, the adapation of these methods to different cases of boundary conditions is presented : first in the case of the Particle Mesh Ewald method to treat periodic boundary conditions and then in the case of a particular continuum solvation model discretized with a domain decomposition strategy : the ddCOSMO. Finally, various numerical results and applications are presented
Cottin-Bizonne, Cécile. "Hydrodynamique à l'interface solide-liquide : étude par mesuresde forces de surfaces et simulations de dynamique moléculaire." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00135329.
Full textlimite hydrodynamique pour les écoulements de liquides simples en présence d'une paroi
solide.
Dans une première partie nous avons étudié ce problème pour différents systèmes, à
l'aide d'une machine à forces de surfaces dynamique. Nous avons mis en évidence que l'état
des surfaces et la nature de l'interaction solide-liquide sont des paramètres déterminants
pour la condition limite hydrodynamique. Nous n'obtenons du glissement que dans le cas de
liquides non mouillants. Pour un fluide confiné entre des surfaces hydrophobes lisses, nous
montrons que l'écoulement est très bien décrit par une condition limite de glissement dont
la longueur caractéristique est indépendante du confinement et du taux de cisaillement.
Dans une deuxième partie nous nous sommes intéressés à étudier, par des simulations de
dynamique moléculaire, l'effet conjugué de la rugosité et de la mouillabilité sur la condition
limite. Nous avons montré que selon la pression et la forme de la rugosité, la présence
de cette dernière peut augmenter fortement le glissement ou au contraire le diminuer.
Enfin nous avons étudié l'influence
Wang, Fan. "Développements informatiques et études structurales de complexes bioinorganiques par dynamique moléculaire." Amiens, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AMIE0103.
Full textNowadays numerous empirical force fields, which are specific to biomolecules are available. Applications of the use of these forces fields involve structural and dynamical studies of macro molecular Systems, and allows the description of many biological phenomena. However the validity of the results obtained in these studies is directly dependent on the availability of the force field, and on its specificity towards the studied molecule. In this context a new program, named PyRED, which is dedicated to the generation of additive Amber and Glycam force fields has been developed. PyRED is able to generate force field libraries and parameters for new molecules, and potentially for any type of molecular fragments. All the elements of the periodic table are handled. A particular attention has been given to the generation of force fields for biomolecules and bioinorganic complexes. Robust algorithms have been developed allowing among others the rigorous definition of chemical equivalencing, of atom types and atom names, extra-points and unified carbons. The Internet server R. E. D. Server Development has also been created. This server interfaces the PyRED program, and provides to the scientific community the hardware and software required for the production of new force fields. In an applicative approach force fields for a peptide nucleic acid biopolymer, a supramolecular structure with platinum(II) complexes and functionnalized C60 fullerenes and a bioinorganic complexes composed of a heme dimer have been created and validated. The structures of the corresponding molecules have been studied by molecular dynamics in condensed phase
Krzeminski, Christophe. "Structure électronique et transport dans une jonction moléculaire." Phd thesis, Université des Sciences et Technologie de Lille - Lille I, 2001. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00600434.
Full textBourcier, Romain. "Génétique et physiopathologie des formes familiales d'anévrismes intracrâniens." Thesis, Nantes, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NANT1013.
Full textIntracranial Aneurysms (lA) are defined by an acquired hernia of the arterial wall arising on arterial bifurcations. There is a characteristic topographical predilection for the vessels of the skull base. Few studies have addressed the role of genetic factors in the familial forms of lA. We have conducted an original study thanks to biocollection built to identify one or more genetic variations causally related to lA formation. Our study used a high-throughput exome sequencing approach. The clinical phenotyping and the recruitment of relevant patients is a key prerequisite in order to identify genetic variations. This step consists in the identification of familial forms of lA rigorously phenotyped over several generations. The GAIA project has initially permitted the recruitment of 4 large families originating from the region of Nantes and Vendée. These families were genetically informative and an autosomal dominant transmission was suggested. High-throughput exome sequencing revealed a mutation shared by all members with lA in one of these families. This mutation is located in a gene encoding for a circulating protein related to angiogenesis (ANGPTL6). The serum level of ANGPTL6 could appear as a biomarker of lA. The initial study is now deployed toward a nationwide biocoliection; The ICAN project, in order to identify biological signaling pathways of interest, thus making it possible to better understand pathophysiology of lA. We finally aim to propose a personalized management of lA
Mamane, Alexandre. "Transport intracellulaire par des moteurs moléculaires : étude théorique." Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066728/document.
Full textWe study two intracellular transport phenomena. They are powered by molecular motors. Motors general mechanisms are understood, but their interactions leads to emerging properties, and some of them have specialised functions.In the first part, we study the extraction of membrane tubes by myosin 1b supported by actin bundles. Myosin 1b is a non processive motor with catch bond property. It is implied in membrane trafficking at the Golgi apparatus level. We model this phenomenon in the frame of a collaboration with experimentalists. We show that catch bond effect induces a regime where tube extraction requires a giant length fluctuation, and the minimal number of motors allowing extraction is decreased. Tubes extracted by non processive motors do not show oscillatory regime. During tube growth motors can deplete with non processive motors. Our predictions are in good agreement with experimental observations.In the second part we study in collaboration with experimentalists the cytoplasmic streaming in C.elegans. Its function is supposed to be the mixing the cytoplasm. Its orientation reverses stochastically. Its movement is supported by microtubules and kinesins, that drive the endoplasmic reticulum at the cortical level. We model this phenomenon and show that the transition toward streaming is a spontaneous spatial symetry breaking. Our predictions are in good agreement with the experimental observations. The parameters values of the system optimize flow fluctuations, this could be the mechanism driving the mixing. Our predictions are in good agreement with experimental observations
Coutton, Charles. "Caractérisation génétique de moléculaire et l'infertilité masculine : applications à plusieurs formes sévères de tératozoospermie." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAS023.
Full textMale infertility affects more than 20 million men worldwide and represents a major health concern. Although multifactorial, male infertility has a strong genetic basis which has so far not been extensively studied. The objectives of my thesis were to initiate and conduct some genetic investigations on three specific phenotypes of teratozoospermia: macrozoospermia, globozoospermia and multiple morphological abnormalities of the flagella (MMAF).For the first phenotype, we studied 87 patients with macrozoospermia, including 83 index cases, and identified c.144delC, a pathogenic mutation in the AURKC gene in 82% of patients (68/83) confirming that this variant is the main cause of macrozoospermia. A new recurrent mutation, p.Y248*, leading to degradation of the mutant transcripts by non-sense mediated mRNA decay was identified in 10 unrelated patients. Patients with no identified AURKC mutation have a decreased rate of spermatozoa with a large head and multiple flagella. Identification of two ancestral mutations in AURKC maintained during evolution despite their negative effect on reproduction in homozygous men, raises the question of a potential selective advantage provided by the AURKC haploinsufficiency.For the second phenotype, we first analyzed 34 patients presenting with globozoospermia using MLPA (multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification) and Sanger sequencing. In total, 22 of the 30 unrelated patients where homozygous for the DPY19L2 deletion (73.3%) and 3 novel point mutations were identified. These results suggest that the molecular investigation of the DPY19L2 gene in globozoospermic patients should not be limited to the detection of the DPY19L2 genomic deletion and open interesting perspectives for the identification of DPY19L2 partners during acrosome biogenesis. Subsequently, we demonstrated that the genomic deletion was mediated by Non-Allelic Homologous Recombination (NAHR) between two homologous 28-Kb Low Copy Repeats (LCRs) located on each side of the gene. The vast majority of genomic breakpoints fell within a 1.2-Kb region central to the 28-Kb LCR. A 13-mer consensus sequence is located in the centre of that 1.2-Kb region recognized by PRDM9, a multi-unit zinc finger binding protein that promotes the formation of double-strand breaks (DSBs) initiating the homologous recombination process. The accepted theoretical NAHR model predicts that during meiosis, NAHR produces more deleted than duplicated alleles. Surprisingly, array-CGH data show that, in the general population, DPY19L2 duplicated alleles are approximately three times as frequent as deleted alleles. In order to shed light on this paradox, we developed a sperm-based digital PCR to measure the de novo rates of deletions and duplications at this locus. As predicted by the NAHR model, we identified an excess of de novo deletions over duplications. These discording results may be explained by the purifying selection against sterile, homozygous deleted men. Heterozygous deleted men might also suffer a small fitness penalty.Lastly, for the third phenotype, homozygosity mapping was carried out on a cohort of 20 North African individuals, presenting with primary infertility resulting from impaired sperm motility caused by a mosaic of multiple morphological abnormalities of the flagella (MMAF). Five unrelated subjects out of 18 (28%) carried a homozygous variant in DNAH1, which encodes an inner dynein heavy chain and is expressed in testis. RT-PCR and immunostaining studies confirmed the pathogenic effect of one of these mutations located on a donor splice site. Electronic microscopy revealed a general axonemal disorganization including mislocalization of the microtubule doublets and loss of the inner dynein arms suggesting that DNAH1 plays a critical role in sperm flagellum biogenesis and assembly
Capel, Émilie. "Formes monogéniques de lipomatose de Launois-Bensaude : étude clinique et moléculaire, et modélisation cellulaire." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS501.
Full textThis work, initiated in cooperation with the rare diseases reference center ‘Pathologies de la Résistance à l’Insuline et de l’Insulino-Sensibilité’, focuses on the pathophysiology of rare lipodystrophic syndromes. Among them, Launois-Bensaude lipomatosis, also called multiple symmetric lipomatosis (MSL), is characterized by upper-body lipomatous masses and frequent metabolic alterations. We have investigated the largest reported series of patients with MSL due to the MFN2 p.Arg707Trp variant. MFN2 encodes mitofusin 2, a protein involved in mitochondrial fusion. Additionally, a patient with clinical symptoms consistent with MSL, harboring a new p. Glu943Glyfs*22 variant of LIPE, encoding hormone-sensitive lipase, a key enzyme in the lipolysis pathway, has also been studied. The clinical, biological and adipose tissue characteristics of patients carrying MFN2 and LIPE variants, allow for a better definition of MSL within the lipodystrophic syndromes. We have isolated adipose-derived stem cells (ASC) from lipomas and used this cellular model to assess the impact of variants on adipocyte differentiation and functions. Morphological (optic and electronic microscopy) and functional studies (immunohistochemistry, gene and protein expression, lipolysis, and mitochondrial respiration) on pseudo-lipomas and/or on ASC show numerous adipose dysfunctions and highlight the thermogenic phenotype of adipocytes from MFN2-MSL patients. This MFN2-related lipodystrophy could result from a misbalance of white and beige adipocyte differentiation
Ragusa, Angela. "Variabilité génétique des thalassémies en Sicile : étude moléculaire approfondie des formes surexprimant l'hémoglobine foetale." Paris 5, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA05S005.
Full textJonasson, Gabriella. "Étude théorique de l'extinction de fluorescence des protéines fluorescentes : champ de forces, mécanisme moléculaire et modèle cinétique." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00734397.
Full textCottin-Bizonne, Cécile. "Hydrodynamique à l'interface solide-liquide : étude par mesures de forces de surfaces et simulations de dynamique moléculaire." Lyon 1, 2003. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00135329.
Full textJonasson, Gabriella. "Étude théorique de l’extinction de fluorescence des protéines fluorescentes : champ de forces, mécanisme moléculaire et modèle cinétique." Thesis, Paris 11, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA112121/document.
Full textFluorescent proteins, like GFP (green fluorescent protein), are efficient sensors for a variety of physical-chemical properties and they are extensively used as markers in living cells imaging. These proteins have been widely studied both experimentally and theoretically the last decade. The comprehension of the protein's role in the regulation of the radiative emission is today essentially qualitative: it appears that the protein enables the fluorescence by blocking the processes that deactivates it; the deactivating processes are very quick and efficient (on the picosecond time scale) when the chromophore is isolated, and they are identified as being the torsions around the central bonds of the chromophore (tau and phi). The fluorescence lifetimes of a protein is very sensitive to mutations in the vicinity of the chromophore, to modifications in pH or in temperature. This seems to indicate a control of the dynamics of the chromophore by different parameters, that are not necessarily identified.A study of the dynamics of the protein would allow a deeper understanding of the mechanisms that are responsible for the fluorescence quenching. From a theoretical point of view, one is faced with three difficulties in this type of study: the size of the system (>30 000 atoms including a water box), the required time scale (tens of nanoseconds) and the fact that the torsions tau and phi are strongly coupled in the excited state of the chromophore. We must thus rule out the already existing dynamics methods: quantum dynamics (AIMD), mixed classical-quantum dynamics (QM/MD) and classical molecular dynamics (MD).We have overcome this problem by modeling the torsional potential energy surface of the chromophore in the first excited state trough high precision quantum calculations, by interpolating the energy values with an analytical fitting expression depending on the torsions tau and phi and with a precision high enough to reproduce barriers of the order of 1 kcal/mol, and lastly, by implementing this fitting expression in a parallelized version of the MD program AMBER. Another theoretical difficulty concerns the simulation and the statistical analysis of rare events on the nanosecond time scale without knowing the reaction path in advance, i.e. the deformations of the protein and of the chromophore leading to geometries where the internal conversion is favored. As a result of these developments and of the simulations they have enabled, we have been able to model, for the first time, the non-radiative deactivation by internal conversion at the nanosecond time scale in three different fluorescent proteins. The analysis of the classical molecular dynamics gives us a quantitative evaluation of the lifetime of the fluorescence extinction, in agreement with experimental results. In addition, it has allowed us to identify the concerted molecular movements between the protein and the chromophore leading to this extinction. A more complete representation of the mechanism that liberates or provokes the chromophore torsion emerges from these results: it could be a specific movement of the protein, that occurs on the nanosecond timescale, or several specific movements that occur more frequently (breakage of a hydrogen bond, rotation of side chains, dynamics of a water cluster), but that coincide only on the nanosecond time scale. These specific movements do not have a high energy cost but the need for them to coincide creates a delay of several nanoseconds compared to the chromophore torsion in vacuo which occurs after a few picoseconds. In the proteins we have studied (GFP, YFP and Padron), we have identified the principle components of the mechanisms and the amino acids that are implicated in this chromophore-protein interplay
Marcillat, Olivier. "La créatine kinase des mitochondries de coeur : propriétés cinétiques : purification et caractérisation des différentes formes moléculaires." Lyon 1, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985LYO11985.
Full textToutant, Jean-Pierre. "Etude des cholinestérases : polymorphisme et interactions moléculaires, régulation de la synthèse des formes asymétriques, distribution tissulaire." Paris 7, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA077087.
Full textSukhomlinov, Sergey. "Development of effective interatomic potentials for computer simulation of oxides." Thesis, Lille 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LIL10092/document.
Full textThe effective interatomic potential model (force field) for the atomistic modeling of oxide materials was developed with the extensive use of ab initio density functional calculations. The force field represents the total potential energy of system as a sum of the long-range electrostatic, dispersion, and short-range energy contributions. The long-range energy electrostatic energy was described with the use of split-charge equilibration (SQE) model based on the chemical potential equalization (CPE) approach. The electrostatic potential was used as the reference quantity for the calibration of parameters of the SQE model. The computation of dispersion coefficients, which determine the magnitude of the dispersion interactions, was carried out with the use of maximally localized Wannier functions (MLWF). The position of MLWF centers close to the nuclei in oxides permits the computation of the dispersion coefficients in an atom-wise manner. The values of the dispersion coefficients were found to be affected by the coordination number and the radius of the first coordination sphere of atom. The short-range (SR) interaction potentials were designed with the use of force-matching method, which has allowed a judicious choice of the functional form of the SR potentials. The parametrization of the force field components was performed on the basis of extensive quantum-chemical calculations of isolated and periodic silicate systems. The complete force field was tested in the molecular dynamics simulations of crystalline silica polymorphs. Results of the calculations allowed to choose the best model. The selected force field well reproduces structural characteristics of the α-quartz and α-cristobalite polymorphs. The calculation of the vibrational spectra of the systems has shown that the model underestimates the Si-O force constants that leads to a downward shift of the vibrational spectra in comparison with the experimental data. A number of ways aimed at improving the force field's performance are suggested
Trasobares, Sánchez Jorge. "High frequency electronics on nanodot molecular junctions : interaction between molecules, ions and waves." Thesis, Lille 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIL10168/document.
Full textAn attractive combination of self-assembled monolayers on top of “Au” single crystal Nanoparticles (AuNp) and Scanning Probe Microscopies permits to explore the interaction between active molecules in the junction, as well as with the media. At the same time, we demonstrate the experimental proof of a molecular rectifying diode working at gigahertz frequency. Device fabrication by fast e-beam lithography allows their characterization by techniques that may need millimeter scale surfaces as well as by near field Scanning Probe Microscopies. Detection of a little number of molecules per AuNP promises interesting future research in the challenge of grafting and detecting single molecules per nanoparticle. On the one hand, this investigation confirms a recent theoretical prediction that cooperative effects between molecules may have an effect on the asymmetry of the conductance histogram line shape. On the other hand, established electrochemical theories are exploited to investigate similar factors such as interaction between redox molecules and the modification of the energy level of molecular orbitals. This study permits extracting a range of coupling energies between molecules that may be a first step towards the quantitative experimental estimation of this key parameter in molecular electronics. Thanks to an AFM connected to Network analyzer, we characterize a molecular diode operating at high frequency to 18 GHz with a rectification ratio of 12 dB (factor 4) at this frequency. Small capacitances in the order of few aF permit to see this behavior at high frequencies