Books: 'Forcing theory'

1

Multiple forcing. Cambridge [Cambridgeshire]: Cambridge University Press, 1986.

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2

Zapletal, Jindřich. Forcing idealized. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2008.

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3

Saharon, Shelah, ed. Proper and improper forcing. 2nd ed. Berlin: Springer, 1998.

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4

Miller, Arnold W. Descriptive Set Theory and Forcing. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-21773-3.

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5

Todorcevic, Stevo. Some applications of the method of forcing. Moscow: Yenisei, 1995.

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6

Woodin, W. H. The axiom of determinacy, forcing axioms, and the nonstationary ideal. 2nd ed. Berlin: De Gruyter, 2010.

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7

Rosłanowski, Andrzej. Norms on possibilities I: Forcing with trees and creatures. Providence, R.I: American Mathematical Society, 1999.

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8

The axiom of determinacy, forcing axioms, and the nonstationary ideal. Berlin: W. de Gruyter, 1999.

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9

Emergence vs forcing: Basics of grounded theory analysis. Mill Valley, CA: Sociology Press, 1992.

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10

Glaser, Barney G. Basics of grounded theory analysis: Emergence vs. forcing. Mill Valley, CA: Sociology Press, 1992.

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11

Chong, C. T., W. H. Woodin, Qi Feng, T. A. Slaman, and Yue Yang. Forcing, iterated ultrapowers, and Turing degrees. New Jersey: World Scientific, 2015.

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12

service), SpringerLink (Online, ed. Combinatorial Set Theory: With a Gentle Introduction to Forcing. London: Springer-Verlag London Limited, 2012.

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13

Bekkali, M. Topics in set theory: Lebesgue measurability, large cardinals, forcing axioms, rho-functions. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1991.

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14

Miller, Arnold W. Descriptive set theory and forcing: How to prove theorems about Borel sets the hard way. 2nd ed. Natick, Mass: AK Peters, 2002.

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15

Descriptive set theory and forcing: How to prove theorems about Borel sets the hard way. New York: Springer-Verlag, 1995.

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16

Bekkali, Mohamed. Topics in set theory: Lebesque measurability, large cardinals, forcing axioms, rho-functions. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1991.

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17

Blass, Andreas. Freyd's models for the independence of the axiom of choice. Providence, R.I., USA: American Mathematical Society, 1989.

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18

Dales, H. G. An introduction to independence for analysts. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987.

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19

Larson, Paul B. The stationary tower: Notes on a course by W. Hugh Woodin. Providence, R.I: American Mathematical Society, 2004.

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20

Haw, Richard C. The effects of forcing on a single stream shear layer and its parent boundary layer. East Lansing, MI: College of Engineering, Michigan State University, 1990.

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21

Mistrorigo, Alessandro. Phonodia. Venice: Edizioni Ca' Foscari, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.30687/978-88-6969-236-9.

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This essay focuses on the ‘voice’ as it sounds in a specific type of recordings. This recordings always reproduce a poet performing a poem of his/her by reading it aloud. Nowadays this kind of recordings are quite common on Internet, while before the ’90 digital turn it was possible to find them only in specific collection of poetry books that came with a music cassette or a CD. These cultural objects, as other and more ancient analogic sources, were quite expensive to produce and acquire. However, all of them contain this same type of recoding which share the same characteristic: the author’s voice reading aloud a poem of his/her. By bearing in mind this specific cultural objet and its characteristics, this study aims to analyse the «intermedial relation» that occur between a poetic text and its recorded version with the author’s voice. This «intermedial relation» occurs especially when these two elements (text and voice) are juxtaposed and experienced simultaneously. In fact, some online archives dedicated to this type of recording present this configuration forcing the user to receive both text and voice in the same space and at the same time This specific configuration not just activates the intermedial relation, but also hybridises the status of both the reader, who become a «reader-listener», and the author, who become a «author-reader». By using an interdisciplinary approach that combines philosophy, psychology, anthropology, linguistics and cognitive sciences, the essay propose a method to «critically listening» some Spanish poets’ way of vocalising their poems. In addition, the book present Phonodia web archive built at the Ca’ Foscari University of Venice as a paradigmatic answer to editorial problems related to online multimedia archives dedicated to these specific recordings. An extent part of the book is dedicated to the twenty-eight interviews made to the Spanish contemporary poets who became part of Phonodia and agreed in discussing about their personal relation to ‘voice’ and how this element works in their creative practice.

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22

Weaver, Nik. Forcing for Mathematicians. World Scientific Publishing Co Pte Ltd, 2014.

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23

Shelah, Saharon. Proper and Improper Forcing. Cambridge University Press, 2017.

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24

Notes On Forcing Axioms. World Scientific Publishing Co Pte Ltd, 2014.

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25

Forcing Idealized (Cambridge Tracts in Mathematics). Cambridge University Press, 2008.

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26

Cenzer, Douglas, Christopher Porter, and Jindrich Zapletal. Computability, Forcing and Descriptive Set Theory. World Scientific Publishing Co Pte Ltd, 2019.

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27

Chong, Chitat. E-Recursion, Forcing, and C*-Algebras. World Scientific Publishing Co Pte Ltd, 2014.

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28

Fine Structure and Class Forcing (De Gruyter Series in Logic and Its Applications, 3). Walter de Gruyter, 2000.

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29

Shelah, Saharon. Proper and Improper Forcing : Perspectives in Mathematical Logic. 2nd ed. Springer Verlag, 1997.

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30

Basics of Grounded Theory Analysis: Emergence Vs. Forcing. Sociology Pr, 1992.

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31

Halbeisen, Lorenz J. Combinatorial Set Theory: With a Gentle Introduction to Forcing. Springer, 2018.

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32

Halbeisen, Lorenz J. Combinatorial Set Theory: With a Gentle Introduction to Forcing. Springer, 2014.

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33

Miller, Arnold W. Descriptive Set Theory and Forcing: How to Prove Theorems About Borel Sets the Hard Way (Lecture Notes in Logic, 4). 2nd ed. A K Peters Ltd, 2007.

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34

Descriptive Set Theory and Definable Forcing (Memoirs of the American Mathematical Society). American Mathematical Society, 2004.

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35

Miller, Arnold W. Descriptive Set Theory and Forcing: How to Prove Theorems about Borel Sets the Hard Way. University of Cambridge ESOL Examinations, 2017.

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36

Claussen, Martin, Anne Dallmeyer, and Jürgen Bader. Theory and Modeling of the African Humid Period and the Green Sahara. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228620.013.532.

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There is ample evidence from palaeobotanic and palaeoclimatic reconstructions that during early and mid-Holocene between some 11,700 years (in some regions, a few thousand years earlier) and some 4200 years ago, subtropical North Africa was much more humid and greener than today. This African Humid Period (AHP) was triggered by changes in the orbital forcing, with the climatic precession as the dominant pacemaker. Climate system modeling in the 1990s revealed that orbital forcing alone cannot explain the large changes in the North African summer monsoon and subsequent ecosystem changes in the Sahara. Feedbacks between atmosphere, land surface, and ocean were shown to strongly amplify monsoon and vegetation changes. Forcing and feedbacks have caused changes far larger in amplitude and extent than experienced today in the Sahara and Sahel. Most, if not all, climate system models, however, tend to underestimate the amplitude of past African monsoon changes and the extent of the land-surface changes in the Sahara. Hence, it seems plausible that some feedback processes are not properly described, or are even missing, in the climate system models.Perhaps even more challenging than explaining the existence of the AHP and the Green Sahara is the interpretation of data that reveal an abrupt termination of the last AHP. Based on climate system modeling and theoretical considerations in the late 1990s, it was proposed that the AHP could have ended, and the Sahara could have expanded, within just a few centuries—that is, much faster than orbital forcing. In 2000, paleo records of terrestrial dust deposition off Mauritania seemingly corroborated the prediction of an abrupt termination. However, with the uncovering of more paleo data, considerable controversy has arisen over the geological evidence of abrupt climate and ecosystem changes. Some records clearly show abrupt changes in some climate and terrestrial parameters, while others do not. Also, climate system modeling provides an ambiguous picture.The prediction of abrupt climate and ecosystem changes at the end of the AHP is hampered by limitations implicit in the climate system. Because of the ubiquitous climate variability, it is extremely unlikely that individual paleo records and model simulations completely match. They could do so in a statistical sense, that is, if the statistics of a large ensemble of paleo data and of model simulations converge. Likewise, the interpretation regarding the strength of terrestrial feedback from individual records is elusive. Plant diversity, rarely captured in climate system models, can obliterate any abrupt shift between green and desert state. Hence, the strength of climate—vegetation feedback is probably not a universal property of a certain region but depends on the vegetation composition, which can change with time. Because of spatial heterogeneity of the African landscape and the African monsoon circulation, abrupt changes can occur in several, but not all, regions at different times during the transition from the humid mid-Holocene climate to the present-day more arid climate. Abrupt changes in one region can be induced by abrupt changes in other regions, a process sometimes referred to as “induced tipping.” The African monsoon system seems to be prone to fast and potentially abrupt changes, which to understand and to predict remains one of the grand challenges in African climate science.

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37

Morrow, James D. The Interaction of Theory and Data. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190846626.013.334.

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Theory shapes how data is collected and analyzed in at least three ways. Theoretical concepts inform how we collect data because data attempt to capture and reflect those concepts. Theory provides testable hypotheses that direct our research. Theory also helps us draw conclusions from the results of empirical research. Meanwhile, research using quantitative methods seeks to be rigorous and reproducible. Mathematical models develop the logic of a theory carefully, while statistical methods help us judge whether the evidence matches the expectations of our theories. Quantitative scholars tend to specialize in one approach or the other. The interaction of theory and data for them thus concerns how models and statistical analysis draw on and respond to one another. In the abstract, they work together seamlessly to advance scientific understanding. In practice, however, there are many places and ways this abstract process can stumble. These difficulties are not unique to rigorous methods; they confront any attempt to reconcile causal arguments with reality. Rigorous methods help by making the issues clear and forcing us to confront them. Furthermore, these methods do not ensure arguments or empirical judgments are correct; they only make it easier for us to agree among ourselves when they do.

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38

Pan, David. Tragedy as Exception in Carl Schmitt’s Hamlet or Hecuba. Edited by Jens Meierhenrich and Oliver Simons. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199916931.013.025.

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Because Carl Schmitt’s work on political theology and representation in politics presuppose a mythic basis for political order, Hamlet or Hecuba is important for providing a theory of the relationship between tragic myth and politics. If much of his work involves an attempt to understand the representational aspect of politics, Schmitt’s foray into Shakespeare criticism rejects a kind of art that is divorced from political concerns. Politics underlies the tragic effect of art by forcing the playwright to alter the plot to avoid politically determined taboos in a kind of self-censorship. In addition, this chapters argues, Schmitt develops a more aesthetic understanding of this political effect that accords better with Walter Benjamin’s idea that art can recapitulate the otherwise unspoken political exigencies of an epoch. In contrast to Benjamin’s argument in his Trauerspiel book, however, Schmitt’s theory of the relation of myth to politics rejects a modernization story in which myth gives way to reason.

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39

Nolte, David D. Galileo Unbound. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198805847.001.0001.

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Galileo Unbound: A Path Across Life, The Universe and Everything traces the journey that brought us from Galileo’s law of free fall to today’s geneticists measuring evolutionary drift, entangled quantum particles moving among many worlds, and our lives as trajectories traversing a health space with thousands of dimensions. Remarkably, common themes persist that predict the evolution of species as readily as the orbits of planets or the collapse of stars into black holes. This book tells the history of spaces of expanding dimension and increasing abstraction and how they continue today to give new insight into the physics of complex systems. Galileo published the first modern law of motion, the Law of Fall, that was ideal and simple, laying the foundation upon which Newton built the first theory of dynamics. Early in the twentieth century, geometry became the cause of motion rather than the result when Einstein envisioned the fabric of space-time warped by mass and energy, forcing light rays to bend past the Sun. Possibly more radical was Feynman’s dilemma of quantum particles taking all paths at once—setting the stage for the modern fields of quantum field theory and quantum computing. Yet as concepts of motion have evolved, one thing has remained constant, the need to track ever more complex changes and to capture their essence, to find patterns in the chaos as we try to predict and control our world.

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40

Anderson, Greg. Conclusion. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190886646.003.0018.

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After summarizing the book’ s overall case for an ontological turn in history, the conclusion briefly discusses four wider intellectual implications of this paradigm shift. First, this shift fundamentally changes the way we think about the past, from an ongoing story of a single humanity, inhabiting a single, continuous metaphysical conjuncture, to stories of multiple different humanities, each one inhabiting its own distinct world of experience. Second, the shift duly changes our sense of the relationship between present and past, whereby our modern world is no longer the ultimate telos of our species journey but an exotic metaphysical anomaly, a world that is no more “true to life/nature” than any other. Third, the shift lends significant support to broader calls for a more post-disciplinary intellectual environment, since it implicitly questions the modern metaphysical commitments which undergird our entire apparatus of mainstream knowledge production and its conventional division of intellectual labor. Finally, the paradigm shift can make a significant contribution to contemporary critical theory. By forcing us to take seriously the metaphysical and ontological commitments of extinct past peoples, it raises the possibility of a non-modern critique of the modern. Moreover, by drawing our attention to the past’ s many different ways of being human, it should significantly broaden our capacity to imagine more sustainable, more equitable worlds of the future.

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41

Thomas, Moers Mayer, and Eggermann Daniel M. Part I United States, 4 Lessons from Lehman: Forcing A Settlement of Substantive Consolidation. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198755371.003.0004.

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‘Substantive consolidation’ is the deemed merger of a bankrupt corporation with one or more other corporations, so that the assets of all the corporations are pooled and their value distributed to the creditors of all the entities. It penalizes creditors of more solvent debtors and rewards creditors of less solvent debtors. It is supposedly an ‘extraordinary remedy’ that is nevertheless frequently threatened in complex chapter 11 bankruptcy cases. This chapter describes the remedy of substantive consolidation, the facts in Lehman’s chapter 11 cases that made it the critical issue, and the threat of ‘involuntary settlement’ that avoided years of litigation and produced a fully consensual plan. The threat of an ‘involuntary settlement’ was a huge success in the Lehman case but the technique is very powerful and potentially very dangerous, as the chapter concludes.

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42

Schabas, William A. Aborted Kidnap. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198833857.003.0007.

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Led by a former Senator from Tennessee, Luke Lea, a handful of American soldiers take leave over the New Year’s holiday and drive up to the Netherlands with the aim of kidnapping Kaiser Wilhelm II. The Dutch envoy in Brussels gives them a laissez-passer and authorises them to enter his country in uniform. When they get to Amerongen Castle, they brandish the document but fail to convince Count Bentinck’s son to let them meet the Kaiser in person. The Dutch are suspicious, and surround the castle with troops, forcing the Americans to retreat, stealing a monogrammed ashtray on their way out. The US Army holds a disciplinary inquiry, but Lea and his cohorts get little more than a slap on the wrist. They return to civilian life at home and boast of their adventure.

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43

McRae, Elizabeth Gillespie. Threats Within. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190271718.003.0008.

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White segregationist women nationwide believed that the Brown decision threatened their private, public, and political authority. Long committed to the Jim Crow order, they emerged as the mass in massive resistance. They painted the family as the center of political life, with parental authority eroded by a federal government. Because school integration eroded their ability to secure the benefits of white supremacy for their children, it compromised their ability to be good mothers. They called for school choice, lobbied for local choice plans, and worked for the white Citizens’ Councils. At times their political language minimized racial identity and replaced it with a particular gender identity, prioritizing motherhood and burying whiteness and offering a color-blind discourse for a national audience. But Brown also put black children at the forefront of the movement, forcing white segregationist women to cast aside a language of maternal concern for one that degraded black schoolchildren.

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44

Kenney, Padraic. Conclusion. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199375745.003.0011.

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In an ordinary prison, the goal is to rehabilitate its inmates; in the political prison, the state demonstrates its power to detain, confine, name, and torture or at the very least discomfort and inhibit a group of people who claim to oppose it. Often state leaders learn that they have to negotiate with prisoners and treat them as potential partners. Rendered illegible by the state’s prison, prisoners create their own illegibility and confuse the prison, refusing its terms. As they create communal structures, engage in protest, and invent prison universities, political prisoners create a new narrative and wrest back their own agency, forcing the regime to respond. Political imprisonment thus has an effect quite different from that intended by the regime. The conclusion looks briefly at the role of prisoners during and after transformations in Poland, Northern Ireland, and South Africa.

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45

Hadfield, Andrew. The Oath of Supremacy. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198789468.003.0002.

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Chapter 1 explores the impact of the Oath of Supremacy, looking at two trials, those of Thomas More and Anne Boleyn, which resulted from the astonishing changes precipitated by Henry’s decision to divorce Catherine of Aragon, forcing English men and women to wonder how honest they could be about their loyalties and precipitating a crisis concerning the nature of speech and language in public culture. The chapter explores these two important trials in terms of the Reformation, showing how arguments about truth and lying became particularly significant as the King assumed the right to rule the Church as well as the state. Uncovering the truth of each trial may be less important than understanding that they are about truth and whose right it is to declare what is truth and what lies.

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46

McCrory Calarco, Jessica. Responses and Ramifications. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190634438.003.0007.

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Chapter 6 reveals the critical role teachers play in translating class-based problem-solving strategies into unequal opportunities in school. Teachers almost always rewarded middle-class students’ strategies of influence. They did so by granting requests for assistance, accommodations, and attention and by creating conditions in which middle-class students (but not working-class students) felt comfortable making requests. That privileging of middle-class students, however, did not seem intentional. Teachers tried to support working-class students, but time and accountability pressures made it difficult for them to recognize students’ tacit struggles, forcing teachers to rely on students to voice their own needs. Teachers also relented in granting middle-class students’ requests, even when they seemed reluctant to do so. In those moments, teachers gave in because they wanted their students to feel supported and, more problematically, because it was often easier and less time-consuming to say “yes” and much riskier to say “no.”

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47

Antonios, Tzanakopoulos. 4 Legal Acts, 4.5 Case T-315/01, Yassin Abdullah Kadi v Council of the European Union and Commission of the European Communities, 21 September 2005, [2005] ECR II-3649 (Kadi I CFI); Cases C-402/05 P and C-415/05 P, Yassin Abdullah Kadi and Al Barakaat International Foundation v Council and Commission , Court of Justice of the EC [2008] ECR I-6351 (Kadi I ECJ); Case T-85/09, Kadi v Commission [2010] ECR II-5177 (Kadi II GCEU); Joined Cases C-584/10 P, C-593/10 P and C-595/10 P, Commission and United Kingdom v Kadi , Judgment of the Court (Grand Chamber) of 18 July 2013 (Kadi II CJEU). Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198743620.003.0023.

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This casenote reviews and discusses the series of decisions regarding sanctions imposed by the UN Security Council against Yassin Abdullah Kadi, as implemented in the EU legal order. In this series of cases, the EU Courts at different times take different positions regarding the relationship of the UN and the EU legal order, as well as their power to review EU acts implementing Security Council sanctions and (indirectly) the sanctions themselves. The series of cases marks a watershed moment in UN Security Council targeted sanctions, forcing EU member states to disobey them and eventually leading to the creation and strengthening of an internal UN review mechanism, the Office of the Ombudsperson.

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48

Harley, Arreon. The Gang Mentality of Choirs. Edited by Frank Abrahams and Paul D. Head. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199373369.013.25.

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Choirs function very similarly to street gangs in that they have the power to radically transform lives, especially those of poor at-risk youths. Adolescents join gangs for the same reason adults join a choral community—to meet their needs. Often in the inner city, neither the familial unit nor the schools and community centers can provide the holistic solutions necessary to meet students’ needs, forcing them to go elsewhere. This chapter examines ways that choirs fulfill those needs, showing how several choral programs provide and/or supplement four basic needs according to the hierarchy of needs of Abraham Maslow (namely physiological, safety, love/belonging and esteem) and lead adolescents to a healthy and constructive place of self-actualization. Most importantly, this chapter explores how and why choral music has the power to transform lives of disenfranchised youths, preparing them for higher education and lives that contrast with their upbringing.

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49

Thompson, Katrina Dyonne. Backstage. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252038259.003.0005.

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This chapter examines how the practice of forcing slaves to perform continued offstage. It looks at the backstage to expose the private world of bondsmen and bondswomen. Through an analysis of slave narratives and autobiographies, it shows how slaves used the performing arts to gain agency and autonomy, create family and community bonds, and preserve homeland cultures while their own unique traditions emerged. It discusses the ways in which music and dance as well as song contributed to the development of a dual world that blacks continually straddled, one side representing entertainment and subjugation and the other symbolizing resistance and an emerging culture. The chapter reveals how blacks manipulated the negativity of the performing arts and transformed their backstage performances into an expression of power.

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50

Johnsen, Laura L., and Glenn Geher. Fashion as a Set of Signals in Female Intrasexual Competition. Edited by Maryanne L. Fisher. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199376377.013.37.

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Fashion is one tool that women employ to enhance their overall attractiveness to increase mating opportunities and repel competition from other females. This essay first discusses how evolution has shaped the female form and how clothing is used to enhance desirable traits. Additionally, this essay addresses how fashion trends have endured throughout history because they have been continually successful in maintaining women’s attractiveness. Further, the reasons why women… clothing when engaging in competitive strategies such as self-promotion and competitor manipulation is also explored. The second section covers how women’s physiological occurrences influence the way they dress and how males perceive them. Third, this essay delves into the social perceptions and consequences of wearing certain kinds of clothing. It explores how fashion is used to attract and retain mates by enabling a woman to stand out among her potential rivals and/or forcing rivals to back down from pursuing a potential partner.

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Books on the topic 'Forcing theory'

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