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Smith, Mark. "An Evangelical family revealed. The Bickersteth and Monier-Williams letters and diaries, 1880–1918. By Margaret Ford. Pp. xvii+203 incl. 12 ills+loose-leaf genealogical table. Hassocks: Ford Publishing, 2010. £20. 978 0 9567218 0 8." Journal of Ecclesiastical History 63, no. 4 (September 17, 2012): 848. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022046912001108.
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Joyce, Barbara L., Eric Scher, Timothy Steenbergh, and Mary J. Voutt-Goos. "Development of an Institutional Resident Curriculum in Communication Skills." Journal of Graduate Medical Education 3, no. 4 (December 1, 2011): 524–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4300/jgme-d-10-00233.1.
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Abstract Objective We describe a collaboration between the graduate medical education office and the Henry Ford Health System's Office of Clinical Quality and Safety to create an institution-wide communication skills curriculum pertinent to the institution's safety and patient- and family-centered care initiatives. Methods A multidisciplinary committee provided oversight for the curriculum design and used sentinel event and other quality and safety data to identify specific target areas. The curriculum consisted of 3 courses: “Informed Consent,” “Sharing Bad News,” and “Disclosure of Unanticipated Events.” Each course included 3 components: a multimedia online module; small group discussions led by the program director that focused on the use of communication scripts; and 2 objective structured clinical examinations (OSCEs) requiring residents to demonstrate use of the communication scripts. All first-year residents (N = 145) and faculty (N = 30) from 20 residency programs participated in this initiative. Evaluation of the residents consisted of a self-assessment; the standardized patients' assessment of the residents' performance; and faculty assessment of resident performance with verbal feedback. Results Survey data showed that residents found the courses valuable, with residents identifying communication scripts they would use in clinical settings. Focus groups with faculty highlighted that the resident debriefing sessions provided them with insight into a resident's communication skills early in their training. Conclusion Our institutional curriculum was developed in a collaborative manner, and used an evidence-based approach to teach communication skills relevant to institutional safety and quality initiatives. Other institutions may wish to adopt our strategy of departmental collaboration and alignment of resident education with institutional initiatives.
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Starr, Julian R., Étienne Léveillé-Bourret, Vũ Anh Tài, Nguyê˜n Thị Kim Thanh, and Bruce A. Ford. "The rediscovery of the rare Vietnamese endemic Eriophorum scabriculme redefines generic limits in the Scirpo-Caricoid Clade (Cyperaceae)." PeerJ 7 (September 25, 2019): e7538. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.7538.
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For those familiar with boreal bogs and wet tundra, species of Eriophorum (“the cotton grasses”) will undoubtedly represent some of the most striking and memorable taxa they have encountered. This small genus of 20 Holarctic sedge species (Cyperaceae) is remarkable because its inflorescences produce large, brilliantly white to rusty-red cottony masses when its flowers develop a perianth of highly elongated bristles after anthesis. In this study, we document the rediscovery of Eriophorum scabriculme, a narrow Vietnamese endemic known from only two collections made approximately 7 km apart near Sa Pa in Lào Cai Province over 75 years ago. Using plastid DNA sequences (matK, ndhF), embryology, and morphology, we test whether E. scabriculme is aligned within the Scirpo-Caricoid Clade (genus Khaosokia and tribes Cariceae, Dulichieae, Scirpeae, and Sumatroscirpeae) or the Ficinia Clade (Cypereae), and we determine whether its unique character combinations (≥10 elongated bristles, reduced sheathing basal leaves, 1–4 spikelets) could be evidence for a new genus or simply mark it as an unusual species within currently recognised genera. In addition, we document the discovery of seven new populations, and we extend its range westward to Lai Châu Province and southward in Lào Cai Province by more than 47 km. Our results demonstrate that Eriophorum scabriculme is best treated in the genus Trichophorum, thus re-circumscribing both genera and their limits with Scirpus s.str. In addition, we emend the description of Trichophorum scabriculme (Beetle) J.R.Starr, Lév.-Bourret & B.A. Ford, provide the first pictures and accurate illustration of the species, and assess its conservation status in Vietnam (VU, Vulnerable). Our study corroborates the fact that in such a diverse and taxonomically difficult family like the sedges, conspicuous characters like highly elongated bristles may be useful for dividing diversity, but they are no guarantee that the groups they mark are natural.
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Torres, Ariana. "For Young Consumers Farm-to-fork Is Not Organic: A Cluster Analysis of University Students." HortScience 55, no. 9 (September 2020): 1475–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci15228-20.
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Young consumers value healthy foods and are willing to pay for them. As young consumers transition into higher paying jobs, their influence in the food system will compound. This study used a convenient sample of university students to understand how young consumers value attributes for fresh produce. With the proliferation of food labels, this study takes a step back to identify four consumer segments with regard to their values on explicit (i.e., organic and local) and implicit (i.e., small-family farms and sustainable) attributes: committed, farm-to-fork, unattached, and skeptic. The study also investigated the impact of personal motives on cluster membership. Although committed consumers placed high value on all attributes, farm-to-fork consumers valued local, sustainable, and small-family farm systems, but did not have positive valuation toward organic. Our findings suggest increasing access to local foods and farmers market patronage is likely to increase consumers’ valuing foods with local, organic, sustainable, and small-family farms attributes.
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Biggs, P. M. "Walter Plowright. 20 July 1923 — 20 February 2010." Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society 56 (January 2010): 341–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbm.2010.0018.
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Walter Plowright was a distinguished veterinary scientist who spent most of his active research life in Africa in the Colonial Service studying infectious diseases of cattle, sheep and pigs. Walter came from Lincolnshire farming stock but during his grammar school education decided that rather than following a career on the family farm he wished to be a veterinary surgeon. On graduating from the Royal Veterinary College, London, in 1944 he joined the Royal Army Veterinary Corps and had postings to the Middle East, Kenya and North Africa. It was this experience that convinced him he wished to spend his career in studying infectious disease of animals. Soon after demobilization he joined the Colonial Veterinary Service, in which he made major contributions to the understanding and control of several infectious diseases. His major contribution was the development of a tissue-culture-adapted attenuated rinderpest vaccine and seeing it into practical use. This vaccine has been the keystone in the global eradication of this disease, only the second disease after smallpox to be eradicated worldwide. This was a massive contribution to agriculture and humanity, and was recognized by the award of the World Food Prize. Walter had a clear and incisive mind, and his research was characterized by novelty, perseverance and attention to detail. He was driven by a wish that his work would provide an understanding of infectious diseases and contribute practically to their control.
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KAPER, Thijs, Stan J. J. BROUNS, Ans C. M. GEERLING, Willem M. DE VOS, and John VAN der OOST. "DNA family shuffling of hyperthermostable β-glycosidases." Biochemical Journal 368, no. 2 (December 1, 2002): 461–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj20020726.
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The structural compatibility of two hyperthermostable family 1 glycoside hydrolases, Pyrococcus furiosus CelB and Sulfolobus solfataricus LacS, as well as their kinetic potential were studied by construction of a library of 2048 hybrid β-glycosidases using DNA family shuffling. The hybrids were tested for their thermostability, ability to hydrolyse lactose and sensitivity towards inhibition by glucose. Three screening rounds at 70°C led to the isolation of three high-performance hybrid enzymes (hybrid 11, 18 and 20) that had 1.5—3.5-fold and 3.5—8.6-fold increased lactose hydrolysis rates compared with parental CelB and LacS respectively. The three variants were the result of a single crossover event, which gave rise to hybrids with a LacS N-terminus and a main CelB sequence. Constructed three-dimensional models of the hybrid enzymes revealed that the catalytic (βα)8-barrel was composed of both LacS and CelB elements. In addition, an extra intersubunit hydrogen bond in hybrids 18 and 20 might explain their superior stability over hybrid 11. This study demonstrates that extremely thermostable enzymes with limited homology and different mechanisms of stabilization can be efficiently shuffled to form stable hybrids with improved catalytic features.
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Henslee, Dillan, Melinda Ellison, Brenda Murdoch, J. Bret Taylor, and Joel Yelich. "PSIV-20 TAS2R genes in sheep and cattle compared to humans." Journal of Animal Science 97, Supplement_3 (December 2019): 229–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skz258.467.
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Abstract The taste receptor gene family has been extensively studied in human and some genes have been linked to food preferences and addiction; however, research in foraging ruminants is limited. Identification of taste receptor genes in the sheep genome may provide insight regarding individual dietary range plant preferences. Bitter taste has been a large focus of research since Arthur Fox accidentally discovered the bitter tasting compound phenylthiocarbamide (PTC) and observed that bitter taste perception in humans is a variable trait. In theory, individuals who are sensitive to bitter taste will likely consume less bitter tasting foods, which are often antioxidant rich, and be more prone to disease and illness. The objective of this study was to examine known taste receptor genes in sheep and cattle and compare them with humans to determine similarities and differences. Type 2 taste receptors (T2R’s) are the only receptor of the taste gene family to perceive bitterness in foods. Using NCBI genome data viewer, the taste genes were identified on the human (GRCh38.p12), cattle (ARS-UCD1.2), and sheep (Oar_4.0; OORI1) genomes. All 3 species have one T2R gene cluster in common, which includes T2R genes 3, 4, 5, 38, 39, 40, 60, and 41. The span of this cluster is similar for humans (1,457,940 bp), sheep (1,541,593 bp), and cattle (1,594,610 bp). One gene in particular (T2R38) has been associated with PTC sensitivity and linked to aversion of some bitter tasting food in humans. Previous research on T2R38 identified 5 haplotypes, each expressing aversion to bitter taste differently. There is another T2R gene cluster which contains 10 annotated genes in sheep and cattle genomes; however, this region contains an additional 10 genes annotated in the human genome. Understanding genetic variation in TAS2R genes may translate to dietary preferences of sheep grazing on rangelands.
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Revitt-Mills, Sarah A., Julian I. Rood, and Vicki Adams. "Clostridium perfringens extracellular toxins and enzymes: 20 and counting." Microbiology Australia 36, no. 3 (2015): 114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ma15039.
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Clostridium perfringens is a Gram-positive, anaerobic bacterium that is widely distributed in the environment; it is found in soil and commonly inhabits the gastrointestinal tract of humans and animals1,2. The ubiquitous nature of this bacterium has resulted in it becoming a major cause of histotoxic and enteric diseases3. The success of C. perfringens as both a pathogen and a commensal bacterium lies in its ability to produce a large number of potent toxins and extracellular enzymes4. This diverse toxin repertoire results in a broad range of diseases including gas gangrene, various enterotoxaemias, food poisoning and necrotic enteritis4–6. Since 2007, six new toxins have been identified, adding to the ever-increasing range of potential C. perfringens virulence determinants. This paper briefly reviews the plethora of toxins and extracellular enzymes produced by C. perfringens, highlighting their importance in disease and strain classification as well as introducing the latest additions to the ever increasing C. perfringens toxin family.
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Zhao, Yanxia, Guimei Qi, Fengshan Ren, Yongmei Wang, Pengfei Wang, and Xinying Wu. "Analysis of PYL Genes and Their Potential Relevance to Stress Tolerance and Berry Ripening in Grape." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 145, no. 5 (September 2020): 308–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs04942-20.
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Abscisic acid (ABA) is an essential phytohormone that regulates plant growth and development, particularly in response to abiotic stress. The ABA receptor PYR/PYL/RCAR (PYL) family has been identified from some plant species. However, knowledge about the PYL family (VvPYLs) in grape (Vitis vinifera) is limited. This study aims to conduct genome-wide analyses of VvPYLs. We successfully identified eight PYL genes from the newest grape genome database. These VvPYLs could be divided into three subfamilies. Exon-intron structures were closely related to the phylogenetic relationship of the genes, and PYL genes that clustered in the same subfamily had a similar number of exons. VvPYL1, VvPYL2, VvPYL4, VvPYL7, and VvPYL8 were relatively highly expressed in roots. VvPYL1, VvPYL3, VvPYL7, and VvPYL8 were expressed in response to cold, salt, or polyethylene glycol stress. VvPYL6 was up-regulated by cold stress for 4 hours, and the expression of VvPYL2 was 1.74-fold greater than that of the control under cold stress. VvPYL8 was up-regulated 1.64-, 1.83-, and 1.90-fold compared with the control when treated with salt, PEG, or cold stress after 4 hours, respectively. Additionally, abiotic stress-inducible elements exist in VvPYL2, VvPYL3, VvPYL7, and VvPYL8, indicating that in these four genes, the response to abiotic stress may be regulated by cis-regulatory elements. The transcriptional levels of VvPYL1 and VvPYL8 significantly increased from fruit set to the ripening stage and decreased in the berry when treated by exogenous ABA. The eight VvPYL genes have diverse roles in grape stress responses, berry ripening, or development. This work provides insight into the role of VvPYL gene families in response to abiotic stress and berry ripening in grape.
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PEREIRA, MARIA LUCIA, LUIZ SIMEAO DO CARMO, ELISANGELA JOSÉ DOS SANTOS, JOSÉ LUIZ PEREIRA, and MERLIN S. BERGDOLL. "Enterotoxin H in Staphylococcal Food Poisoning." Journal of Food Protection 59, no. 5 (May 1, 1996): 559–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-59.5.559.
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Seven members of one family became ill with vomiting and diarrhea 4 h after eating a type of cheese produced in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Staphylococcus aureus (2.9 × 108 CFU/g) that produced enterotoxin H (SEH) was isolated from the cheese. A low level of this enterotoxin was detected in the cheese extract before and after concentration 20-fold by copper chelate chromatography. The amount of SEH produced by the staphylococcal strain was 180 ng/ml of culture supernatant with production by the sac culture method. If only the ELISA ball kit had been used, it would have been concluded that enterotoxin D was the cause of the food poisoning.
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Shimshoni, Yaara, and Eli R. Lebowitz. "Childhood Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder: Review of Treatments and a Novel Parent-Based Approach." Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy 34, no. 3 (June 26, 2020): 200–224. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/jcpsy-d-20-00009.
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Avoidant/Restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID) is characterized by dietary restrictions that are not based on weight or shape concerns but that result in marked interference in feeding, growth, or psychosocial functioning (American Psychiatric Association, 2013; Eddy et al., 2019). The aim of the current article was to review available reports of treatment for childhood ARFID published since its inclusion in the 5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM), and to introduce a novel parent-based treatment for child ARFID through a case presentation. Empirical support for psychosocial treatments for child ARFID currently stems from two small-scale pilot randomized control trials, one pilot open trial, case reports, case series, and retrospective chart reviews. Treatment approaches for outpatient care generally apply family-based therapy, child-centered cognitive behavioral therapy, or parent-based behavioral approaches. SPACE-ARFID is a novel outpatient parent-based treatment that focuses on parental responses to child problematic eating habits. SPACE-ARFID aims to promote flexibility and adjustment in food related situations. The treatment helps parents to systematically reduce family accommodation, or changes that they make to their own behavior to help their child avoid or alleviate distress related to the disorder, while increasing supportive responses to the child's symptoms.
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Maylem, Excel Rio S., Leon J. Spicer, Isadora Batalha, and Luis F. Schutz. "Discovery of a possible role of asprosin in ovarian follicular function." Journal of Molecular Endocrinology 66, no. 1 (January 2021): 35–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/jme-20-0218.
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Asprosin is a novel fasting-induced protein encoded by fibrillin-1 (FBN1) gene, produced when FBN1 is cleaved by the enzyme furin, and is associated with insulin resistance and polycystic ovarian syndrome in humans. To characterize mRNA abundance of FBN1, FURIN, and the presumed asprosin receptor, olfactory receptor family 4 subfamily M member 1 (OR4M1) in granulosa (GC) and theca cells (TC), and identify hormones regulating FBN1 mRNA expression, GC and TC from small (1–5 mm; SM) and large (>8 mm; LG) follicles were collected from ovaries of heifers obtained at an abattoir and used for real-time PCR gene expression analysis or in vitro evaluation of hormone regulation and asprosin effects. SMTC had 151-fold greater (P < 0.05) FBN1 mRNA abundance than SMGC, and LGTC had 50-fold greater FBN1 mRNA than LGGC. In contrast, OR4M1 mRNA was 81-fold greater in SMGC than LGGC and did not differ from SMTC, but LGTC had 9-fold greater OR4M1 mRNA than LGGC. FURIN mRNA was 2.6-fold greater in SMTC than SMGC, but did not differ among follicular sizes. In cultured TC, leptin, insulin, LH, IGF1 and steroids did not affect FBN1 mRNA, but TGFB1 increased (P < 0.05) FBN1 mRNA by 2.2-fold; EGF and FGFs increased FBN1 mRNA by 1.3- to 1.5-fold. Asprosin enhanced LH-induced TC androstenedione production, reduced IGF1-induced TC proliferation, and had no effect on progesterone production. Developmental regulation of FBN1, FURIN and OR4M1 along with direct effects of asprosin on TC suggests that asprosin may be a novel regulator of ovarian follicular function.
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Nur'aeny, Nanan. "ORAL ALLERGY SYNDROME (OAS) AKIBAT REAKSI ALERGI MAKANAN." B-Dent, Jurnal Kedokteran Gigi Universitas Baiturrahmah 2, no. 2 (November 10, 2018): 125–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.33854/jbdjbd.20.
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Allergic condition such as itching of the skin, or runny nose and sneezing are widely known, but different case of allergic reaction in the mouth. Are still unknown, one of them is Oral Allergy Syndrome (OAS). Almost everyone knows food allergens such as shrimp, or marine fish, but actually fresh fruits and vegetables also can trigger allergic reactions like OAS in the form of itching or swelling of the lips, tongue, palate, and pharynx. Author intends to provide further information about the OAS in this paper. The mechanism of OAS is a type I, immunoglobulin E-mediated hypersensitivity reaction, common in atopic people with history of atopic rhinitis, bronchial asthma, or urticaria. Food allergen that causes OAS have a cross reaction/ homolog with pollen from protein pathogen respons / PR-10 family, such as Bet v 1 (Birch) and Bet v 2 (Birch). Some OAS allergens from vegetables that homolog with Bet v 1 includes celery (Api g 1) and soybean (Gly m 4), and other allergens from fruits homolog with Bet v 2, such as Ana c1 alergen pineapple. The diagnosis of OAS based on medical history, clinical examination and diagnostic tests includes skin prick test, specific IgE serum, or basophil activation test, and cellular antigen stimulation test with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Management of OAS consists of non-pharmacological includes information and education to avoid the causes, and give suggestion to eat cooked food. Pharmacologically are prescription of antihistamines or epinephrine injection in case of emergencies. Signs and symptoms of OAS in fact have long been found, but its diagnosis and management are still not widely known. Dentist should know about signs and symptoms of food allergy in the oral mucosa include OAS which caused by fruits and vegetables such as celery, soybean, carrot, apple, pineapple, and strawberry, so finally dentist will provide good management for the patient..
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Farago, Thatyla, Gabriel Borba, Sidineia Amadio, Joicyeny Oliveira, Geraldo Santos, Adalberto Val, and Efrem Ferreira. "Feeding strategies differentiate four detritivorous curimatids in the Amazon." Web Ecology 20, no. 2 (October 2, 2020): 133–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/we-20-133-2020.
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Abstract. Differences in food intake and morphological attributes may facilitate the coexistence of detritivorous fish. The present study investigated the possible differences in the feeding strategies of four species of curimatids that inhabit the floodplain of the central Amazon. For this, we determined the diet, daily food cycle, and whether characteristics of the intestine were related to the length of the fish and the amount of detritus consumed. The detritivory was confirmed, and we observed a difference in the foraging time between species. We found differences in the length and weight of the intestine and the relationship of these variables with the length of the fish and the amount of detritus consumed. Our study suggests that despite belonging to the same family and food group, curimatids have characteristics that allow them to consume the detritus in different ways.
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Kaznacheeva, L. F., NS Ishkova, KS Kaznacheev, L. N. Dubrovina, N. I. Nechaeva, L. F. Kaznacheeva, N. S. Ishkova, K. S. Kaznacheev, L. N. Dubrovina, and N. I. Nechaeva. "Family principles of children rehabilitation with atopic dermatitis." Russian Journal of Allergy 4, no. 3 (September 15, 2007): 42–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.36691/rja77.
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Background. Аn estimation of a family method efficiency of children rehabilitation with atopic dermatitis. Materials and methods. There were 88 families under medical survey where children with atopic dermatitis lived. These families were divided into two groups: the first group (basic) - 68 children who passed rehabilitation according to a family principle at the consulting center of family rehabilitation; the second group (control group) - 20 children, who improved their health with a traditional method. Catamnesis data was used as the methods of rehabilitation control of efficiency with an estimation of frequency and recurrences severity of the basic disease of SCORAD index change, numbers of references to the doctor in occasion of concomitant diseases were used. Results. The positive effect in dermatitis treatment was achieved at 66 among 68 patients (97,1%). 2-3 fold decrease of frequency of the recurrences was observed at 56 children (82,4%), decrease in the defeated area - at 53 children (77,9%). The positive effect was observed in 6 out of 20 children (30%) (p
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HAMILTON, ALEXIS M., DAVID J. PAULSEN, REBECCA T. TROUT FRYXELL, VALERIE E. ORTA, STUART J. GORMAN, DARA M. SMITH, JOHN R. BUCHANAN, ANNETTE L. WSZELAKI, and FAITH J. CRITZER. "Prevalence of Salmonella enterica in Flies on a Diversified Cattle and Fresh Produce Farm across Two Growing Seasons." Journal of Food Protection 84, no. 6 (January 19, 2021): 1009–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/jfp-20-339.
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ABSTRACT Flies are a vector for spreading foodborne pathogens pertinent to fresh produce, such as Shiga toxigenic Escherichia coli and Salmonella; however, most studies focus on concentrated animal feeding operations, which do not reflect low-density animal farming practices that often adjoin fruit and vegetable acreage. In this study, we determined the prevalence of Salmonella in flies collected biweekly on an integrated animal and produce operation over two growing seasons. Eleven of 889 pooled samples tested positive for Salmonella. Flies from the Calliphoridae, Muscidae, Sarcophagidae, and Tachinidae families were associated with Salmonella carriage, but fly family was not a significant factor for isolation of Salmonella (P = 0.303). Fly species were a significant factor (P = 0.026), with five Pentacricia aldrichii pools testing positive for Salmonella. With the exception of single specimen isolation, prevalence ranged from 2.2 to 15.2%. With the exception of the Tachinidae family, these results reflect a strong association of flies that are commonly associated with feces or are pests of animals. Trap location was not significantly associated with isolation of Salmonella-positive flies (P = 0.236). Overall, the population of flies was not as abundant as studies conducted with produce grown close to concentrated animal feeding operations, indicating a reduced risk of transmission; however, similar to these studies, fly families that are commonly isolated from fecal and decaying matter were most frequently associated with Salmonella isolation. Further work is warranted to elucidate the foodborne pathogen transmission rates to produce and subsequent survival over time. HIGHLIGHTS
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Zartl, Barbara, Karina Silberbauer, Renate Loeppert, Helmut Viernstein, Werner Praznik, and Monika Mueller. "Fermentation of non-digestible raffinose family oligosaccharides and galactomannans by probiotics." Food & Function 9, no. 3 (2018): 1638–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7fo01887h.
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Omurbekov, Cherikbai. "FOOD CULTURE OF THE KYRGYZ RURAL FAMILY OF CHUY AND TALAS REGIONS IN 20-50 YEARS XX CENTURY IN HISTORICAL AND ETHNOGRAPHIC RESEARCH." Bulletin of the Kyrgyz State University. I. Arabaev 2 (2019): 23–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.33514/1694-7851-2019-2-23-28.
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YUAN, Xi-sen, Zi-peng YU, Lin LIU, Yang XU, Lei ZHANG, De-guo HAN, and Shi-zhong ZHANG. "Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of asparagine synthetase family in apple." Journal of Integrative Agriculture 19, no. 5 (May 2020): 1261–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s2095-3119(20)63171-9.
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Negrete, Jaime Cuauhtémoc. "Proposed Spray System for Family Agriculture with A Remote-Controlled UAV (Small Drone or Helicopter) and An Economical Sprinkler." Journal of Agronomy Research 3, no. 1 (April 30, 2020): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.14302/issn.2639-3166.jar-20-3283.
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In the country, food production is more compromised every day, despite zero efforts and government, agricultural and livestock sector, causing poverty, migration, marginalization among other social disorders in addition to food insecurity. In Mexico 34% of the population is engaged in agricultural tasks, with very small land areas. The fact that 85% of do not have more than 5 ha of arable land, and that among them, 90% do not reach 3 ha clearly indicates their great need for light machinery .The solution to these problems family farmers are provided with affordable technologies to increase their productivity. One of the most common problems in agriculture is the application of agrochemicals, which is tedious and dangerous when farmers are exposed to these highly toxic products, therefore a system is proposed is through the help of a drone or remote control helicopter, both of economic type connected by a hose to the sprinkler and a tank. Due to the danger of applying agrochemicals for family farmers who rarely follow the precautions to apply these products, the proposed alternative is attractive for small agricultural properties, although it is not free of cost, the drone and the optimal sprayer should be investigated.
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XING, JIALI, XIAORONG XU, XIAOHU LUO, RUIHANG ZHENG, LINGYAN MAO, SHUFEN ZHANG, JINGPING LU, and JIAN SHEN. "Characterization of Microbial Community in Cold-Chain Hairtail Fish by High-Throughput Sequencing Technology." Journal of Food Protection 84, no. 6 (January 28, 2021): 1080–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/jfp-20-393.
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ABSTRACT High-throughput DNA sequencing with the Illumina MiSeq platform was used to analyze the microbial communities in hairtail (Trichiurus haumela) muscle samples to study the diversity and dynamic changes in these communities during cold-chain circulation of these fish. The richness and diversity of the microbial community in hairtail muscle had a transient decline from 0 to 24 h and decreased after the first rise from 24 to 216 h. The diversity and richness of bacteria in cold-chain hairtail reached maximum at 168 h. The Shannon and Simpson diversity indices of the bacteria were 2.96 and 0.16, respectively, and their ACE and Chao1 richness indices were 254.84 and 155.10, respectively. The dominant bacteria belonged to phylum Proteobacteria, class Gammaproteobacteria, order Pseudomonadales, family Pseudomonadaceae, and genus Pseudomonas, and their relative abundances were 80.52, 72.11, 76.68, 23.25, and 53.50%, respectively. These results provide a basis for exploring how to maintain the freshness and predict the shelf life of hairtail. HIGHLIGHTS
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Al-Dubai, Shehabaddin Abdullah A., Ku Nor Izah Ku Ismail, and Noor Afza Amran. "Family business definition: a matter of concern or a matter of convenience?" Corporate Ownership and Control 11, no. 2 (2014): 274–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv11i2c2p4.
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This paper attempts to examine the impact of adopting multiple family ownership cut-offs in defining family businesses, family ownership measurements, and conducting different types of analyses. For achieving this goal we have focus on the relationship between family ownership and firm performance (ROA) in the context of emerging market (Saudi Arabia), controlling for firm’s debt, age, size and industry sectors. With three family ownership cut-offs: 5%, 10%, and 20% and two type of analysis (cross-sectional and cross-sectional and time-series data) as well as two types of family ownership measures (ratio and dummy), we fond that the relationship between the two variables is consistent despite of the level of family ownership cut-off, analysis type, and measurement. This indicates that family business definition is not a matter of concern for researchers, but rather a matter of convenience.
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Kurian, Allison W., Gail D. Gong, Esther M. John, David A. Johnston, Anna Felberg, Dee W. West, Alexander Miron, et al. "Breast Cancer Risk for Noncarriers of Family-Specific BRCA1 and BRCA2 Mutations: Findings From the Breast Cancer Family Registry." Journal of Clinical Oncology 29, no. 34 (December 1, 2011): 4505–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2010.34.4440.
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Purpose Women with germline BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations have five- to 20-fold increased risks of developing breast and ovarian cancer. A recent study claimed that women testing negative for their family-specific BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation (noncarriers) have a five-fold increased risk of breast cancer. We estimated breast cancer risks for noncarriers by using a population-based sample of patients with breast cancer and their female first-degree relatives (FDRs). Patients and Methods Patients were women with breast cancer and their FDRs enrolled in the population-based component of the Breast Cancer Family Registry; patients with breast cancer were tested for BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations, as were FDRs of identified mutation carriers. We used segregation analysis to fit a model that accommodates familial correlation in breast cancer risk due to unobserved shared risk factors. Results We studied 3,047 families; 160 had BRCA1 and 132 had BRCA2 mutations. There was no evidence of increased breast cancer risk for noncarriers of identified mutations compared with FDRs from families without BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations: relative risk was 0.39 (95% CI, 0.04 to 3.81). Residual breast cancer correlation within families was strong, suggesting substantial risk heterogeneity in women without BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations, with some 3.4% of them accounting for roughly one third of breast cancer cases. Conclusion These results support the practice of advising noncarriers that they do not have any increase in breast cancer risk attributable to the family-specific BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation.
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WANG, Xi-cheng, Wei-min WU, Bei-bei ZHOU, Zhuang-wei WANG, Ya-ming QIAN, Bo WANG, and Li-chun YAN. "Genome-wide analysis of the SCPL gene family in grape (Vitis vinifera L.)." Journal of Integrative Agriculture 20, no. 10 (October 2021): 2666–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s2095-3119(20)63587-0.
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Hsu, Jyh-Shing, Yunn-Bor Yang, Chan-Hui Deng, Chia-Li Wei, Shwu-Huey Liaw, and Ying-Chieh Tsai. "Family Shuffling of Expandase Genes To Enhance Substrate Specificity for Penicillin G." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 70, no. 10 (October 2004): 6257–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.70.10.6257-6263.2004.
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ABSTRACT Deacetoxycephalosporin C synthase (expandase) from Streptomyces clavuligerus, encoded by cefE, is an important industrial enzyme for the production of 7-aminodeacetoxycephalosporanic acid from penicillin G. To improve the substrate specificity for penicillin G, eight cefE-homologous genes were directly evolved by using the DNA shuffling technique. After the first round of shuffling and screening, using an Escherichia coli ESS bioassay, four chimeras with higher activity were subjected to a second round. Subsequently, 20 clones were found with significantly enhanced activity. The kinetic parameters of two isolates that lack substrate inhibition showed 8.5- and 118-fold increases in the k cat/Km ratio compared to the S. clavuligerus expandase. The evolved enzyme with the 118-fold increase is the most active obtained to date anywhere. Our shuffling results also indicate the remarkable plasticity of the expandase, suggesting that more-active chimeras might be achievable with further rounds.
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Schot, M. J. C., A. R. J. Dekker, C. H. van Werkhoven, A. W. van der Velden, J. W. L. Cals, B. D. L. Broekhuizen, R. M. Hopstaken, N. J. de Wit, and T. J. M. Verheij. "Burden of disease in children with respiratory tract infections in primary care: diary-based cohort study." Family Practice 36, no. 6 (June 5, 2019): 723–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/fampra/cmz024.
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Abstract Background Respiratory tract infections (RTIs) are a common reason for children to consult in general practice. Antibiotics are often prescribed, in part due to miscommunication between parents and GPs. The duration of specific respiratory symptoms has been widely studied. Less is known about illness-related symptoms and the impact of these symptoms on family life, including parental production loss. Better understanding of the natural course of illness-related symptoms in RTI in children and impact on family life may improve GP–parent communication during RTI consultations. Objective To describe the general impact of RTI on children and parents regarding illness-related symptoms, absenteeism from childcare, school and work, use of health care facilities, and the use of over-the-counter (OTC) medication. Methods Prospectively collected diary data from two randomized clinical trials in children with RTI in primary care (n = 149). Duration of symptoms was analysed using survival analysis. Results Disturbed sleep, decreased intake of food and/or fluid, feeling ill and/or disturbance at play or other daily activities are very common during RTI episodes, with disturbed sleep lasting longest. Fifty-two percent of the children were absent for one or more days from childcare or school, and 28% of mothers and 20% of fathers reported absence from work the first week after GP consultation. Re-consultation occurred in 48% of the children. OTC medication was given frequently, particularly paracetamol and nasal sprays. Conclusion Appreciation of, and communication about the general burden of disease on children and their parents, may improve understanding between GPs and parents consulting with their child.
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Wang, Mong-Heng, Fan Zhang, Alberto Nasjletti, and Michal Laniado-Schwartzman. "Overexpresion of 20-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic Acid Synthesis Increases Vascular Tone." Hypertension 36, suppl_1 (October 2000): 698. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/hyp.36.suppl_1.698-c.
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P31 The cytochrome P450 (CYP)4A family catalyzes 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE) synthesis which promotes vasoconstriction. We transfected gracilis arterioles (GA) with an expression plasmid (pcDNA3.1) containing the cDNA of CYP4A1, the low K m arachidonic acid ω-hydroxylase, and examined the consequences of increasing intracellular levels of 20-HETE on vascular diameter. GA were isolated from SD rats and incubated with a mixture of pcDNA3.1/CYP4A1 (20μg)or pcDNA3.1 (control plasmid, 20μg) and liposomes (200μg) in Dubecco’s modified Eagle medium with 10% Nu-serum for 18h. Immunoreactive CYP4A protein levels were markedly increased in GA transfected with the pcDNA3.1/CYP4A1 compared to those transfected with empty plasmid. CYP4A1-transfected GA demonstrated a 2-fold increase in 20-HETE synthesis (0.019 ± 0.005 vs 0.009 ± 0.0017 ng/mg/h in vessels transfected with the CYP4A1 and empty plasmid, respectively). Treated GA were mounted on a pressure-myograph and pressurized to 100 mmHg for functional studies. The internal diameter (ID) of GA transfected with pcDNA3.1/CYP4A1 (55 ± 2μm) was exceeded by that of GA transfected with empty plasmid DNA (99 ± 5μm). Acute treatment with an inhibitor of 20-HETE synthesis (DDMS, 30 μM) increased the ID of CYP4A1-transfected GA to 83 ± 7μm but not of GA transfected with empty plasmid DNA (105 ± 5μm). Likewise, acute treatment with 20-HEDE (10μM), a 20-HETE antagonist, increased the ID of CYP4A1-transfected GA to 90 ± 4μm but not of GA transfected with empty plasmid DNA (101 ± 8μm). These results, together with the observation that CYP4A1 expression and 20-HETE synthesis are detected in untreated arterioles, support the view that 20-HETE of vascular origin contributes to vascular tone.
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Butumbayeva, Madina, and Marina Silant’eva. "Evaluation of successful introduction of plants from Lamiaceae family in the conditions of the Karaganda and Zhezkazgan cities." Bulletin of the Karaganda University. “Biology, medicine, geography Series” 100, no. 4 (December 30, 2020): 16–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.31489/2020bmg4/16-22.
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Evaluation of the success of plant introduction is an important stage of determining the possibility of industrial cultivation of individual taxa from an economic point of species. The success of the introduction is assessed on the basis of multi-year observations based on the evaluation of a number of indicators. The purpose of this study is to analyze the success of the introduction of species from the Lamiaceae family in the conditions of the cities of Karaganda and Zhezkazgan. The article presents the results of the assessment of the success of the introduction of plants of the Lamiaceae family on the territory of the cities of Karaganda (E.A. Buketov Karaganda University) and Zhezkazgan (Zhezkazgan Botanical Garden). In the city of Karaganda, 20 species from 13 genera were analyzed, in the city of Zhezkazgan — 14 species from 9 genera. Promising groups have been identified that allow recommending plants for industrial cultivation. In the conditions of the city of Karaganda, 6 species are classified as highly perspective, 4 species are perspective, 8 species are low perspective, and 2 species are not perspective. In the city of Zhezkazgan, 2 species are highly perspective, 3 species are perspective, 4 species are low perspective, and 5 species are not perspective. Plants suitable for cultivation in the conditions of the city of Karaganda and Zhezkazgan have been identified. The obtained results can be used for production of raw materials for food, aromatic and pharmaceutical industries.
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Cunha, Diana Barbosa, Rosely Sichieri, Renan Moritz Varnier Rodrigues de Almeida, and Rosangela Alves Pereira. "Factors associated with dietary patterns among low-income adults." Public Health Nutrition 14, no. 9 (January 18, 2011): 1579–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s136898001000354x.
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AbstractObjectiveTo describe the association of socio-economic, demographic and lifestyle characteristics with three eating patterns identified among low-income adults living in the Rio de Janeiro metropolitan area, Brazil.DesignData were obtained in a population-based cross-sectional study. The analysed patterns were: (i) ‘Mixed’, in which diverse foods had similar factor loadings; (ii) ‘Western’, which included items with high energy density; and (iii) ‘Traditional’, which relied in rice and beans, traditional staple foods in Brazil. Hierarchical logistic analysis was performed to estimate the association between the independent variables and each one of the dietary patterns. The variables that presented statistical significance <0·20 in the univariate analysis (χ2 test) were included in the multivariate models.SettingDuque de Caxias, a low-income area in the Rio de Janeiro metropolitan region, Brazil.SubjectsAdults (n 1009) aged 20 to 65 years (339 men and 670 women).ResultsThe ‘Mixed’ pattern was positively associated with smoking (OR = 1·58, 95 % CI 1·00, 2·48 for current smoking v. those who never smoked). The ‘Western’ pattern was positively associated with family income (OR = 3·00, 95 % CI 1·81, 4·97 for those with monthly per capita family income ≥1·0 v. <0·5 times the official Brazilian minimum wage) and inversely associated with family food insecurity (OR = 0·55, 95 % CI 0·36, 0·84). The ‘Traditional’ pattern was associated with family food insecurity (OR = 1·79, 95 % CI 1·27, 2·51).ConclusionsThe results support previous findings relating improvement in economic conditions to reduced adherence to the traditional Brazilian food consumption pattern based on the combination of rice and beans.
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van Oudenaarde, Kim, Nynke M. Swart, Johan L. Bloem, Sita MA Bierma-Zeinstra, Paul R. Algra, Bart Koes, Jan Verhaar, et al. "Post-traumatic knee MRI findings and associations with patient, trauma, and clinical characteristics: a subgroup analysis in primary care in the Netherlands." British Journal of General Practice 67, no. 665 (November 20, 2017): e851-e858. http://dx.doi.org/10.3399/bjgp17x693653.
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BackgroundThe added value of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in primary care is still being debated. A high diagnostic yield can be expected in young and active patients with post-traumatic knee complaints.AimTo determine the frequency of MRI abnormalities in young and active patients (aged 18–45 years) and the associations with patient, trauma, and clinical characteristics.Design and settingA subgroup analysis of 174 patients, aged 18–45 years with knee trauma of <6 months, allocated to MRI in a randomised controlled trial on the yield of MRI in primary care. Patients were recruited by 150 GPs in the Netherlands from October 2012 to November 2015.MethodAssociations were expressed using mean differences, odds ratio (OR) and predictive values.ResultsSixty-seven out of 174 patients (39%) had a positive MRI finding, predominantly anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) ruptures (22%) and/or traumatic meniscal tears (15%). Patients with a pre-existing musculoskeletal comorbidity had a two-fold lower prevalence of positive MRI findings (21%), OR 3.0 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.3 to 7.0). A ‘sports related trauma’ showed the highest OR of 4.6 (95% CI = 2.2 to 9.3) for a positive MRI finding. Clinical scores were statistically, significantly worse in patients with positive MRI findings, with mean differences ranging from 10 to 20%. Furthermore, increasing duration of complaints was correlated with decreasing prevalence rates of positive MRI findings. Overall, a popping sound and direct swelling showed the highest positive predictive value of 65% for the presence of positive MRI findings.ConclusionThe results from this study enable a preselection of patients to increase the diagnostic yield of MRI in primary care.
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CHEN, Rong-zhu, Xu SHEN, Shu-ting ZHANG, Hua ZHAO, Xiao-hui CHEN, Xiao-ping XU, Wen HUO, Zi-hao ZHANG, Yu-ling LIN, and Zhong-xiong LAI. "Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of Argonaute gene family from longan embryogenic callus." Journal of Integrative Agriculture 20, no. 8 (August 2021): 2138–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s2095-3119(20)63313-5.
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Rozhkov, Konstantin, Irina Lunegova, and Anatoliyi Kuznetsov. "PSVI-20 Medicinal plants in adaptive feeding of honeybees." Journal of Animal Science 97, Supplement_3 (December 2019): 214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skz258.438.
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Abstract In modern animal husbandry in northern latitudes, the use of medicinal plants in adaptive feeding is widespread, in particular the honeybee.Studies were conducted in accordance with generally accepted methodological and analytical approaches. The object of the study was the clinically healthy families of Apis mellifera carpatica. Experimental and control groups were formed on the principle of pairs of analogues. The bee families of the control group received, in addition to the basic ration, a carbohydrate feed of liquid consistency (60% sugar syrup) without additives, and the experienced ones enriched with water extract of needles, І experienced - Siberian fir, II experimental - spruce.Studies have shown that the use of water extracts in the spring period allows to significantly increase the average daily egg production rate of the queens (Tab.1), so in the І experimental group it was 1917 eggs/day, which is more than ІІ of the experimental group by -9.2%, the control group by -17.9%. In the period of growing bee larvae of summer generation by bees in spring, the average daily egg production of queen bee in the І experimental group was 2180 eggs/day, exceeding ІІ the experimental group by -5.2%, and the control group -13.2% (Table 1). The largest honey harvest per family was recorded in the І experimental group -77.8±0.39 kg. The superiority in this indicator to the bee families of the second group of the experimental group was 17.4% and the control group 26.9% (Table 2). Introduction to the diet of a honey bee with an adaptive diet of aqueous extracts of Siberian fir and common spruce in the composition of carbohydrate food liquid consistency contributes to the rapid growth of bee colonies during the period of change of winter generation bees to spring and spring to summer, which increases the productivity of collecting honey.
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Fitriana Afriza, Edi, Andi Nur Rachman, Fuad Abdullah, and Betanika Nila Nirbita. "Piloting Penanggulangan Krisis Pangan Pada Masa Pandemi Covid-19 Melalui Optimalisasi Kawasan Rumah Pangan Lestari di Kelurahan Mugarsari dan Setiawargi Kota Tasikmalaya." Journal of Approriate Technology for Community Services 2, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 36–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.20885/jattec.vol2.iss1.art6.
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The Covid-19 outbreak and the enactment of the "New Normal" era created a tentative situation, especially with limited food commodities for the needs of all people during times of food insecurity. Food products are limited in number and prices are increasingly soaring in the market, making people have a solution to resistance from the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic and the "New Normal" era, by realizing a sustainable food home area (KRPL), the community of housewives can meet their food needs, in addition to It is also a breakthrough that can provide an injection to the family economy if it is developed comprehensively. The activity will take place with the Asset Based Community Development (ABCD) approach focusing on the Family Welfare Empowerment (PKK) group where each group will be limited to 20 people / group, besides that the implementation of education and counseling will apply health protocols according to the direction of the central government. It is hoped that the realization of a sustainable food house area (KRPL) will provide stimulus and solutions to the community so that they can survive, be productive and be independent in this pandemic. Keywords: Food, Commodities, Asset Based Community Development (ABCD).
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Fitriana Afriza, Edi, Andi Nur Rachman, Fuad Abdullah, and Betanika Nila Nirbita. "Piloting Penanggulangan Krisis Pangan Pada Masa Pandemi Covid-19 Melalui Optimalisasi Kawasan Rumah Pangan Lestari di Kelurahan Mugarsari dan Setiawargi Kota Tasikmalaya." Journal of Approriate Technology for Community Services 2, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 36–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.20885/jattec.vol2.iss1.art6.
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The Covid-19 outbreak and the enactment of the "New Normal" era created a tentative situation, especially with limited food commodities for the needs of all people during times of food insecurity. Food products are limited in number and prices are increasingly soaring in the market, making people have a solution to resistance from the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic and the "New Normal" era, by realizing a sustainable food home area (KRPL), the community of housewives can meet their food needs, in addition to It is also a breakthrough that can provide an injection to the family economy if it is developed comprehensively. The activity will take place with the Asset Based Community Development (ABCD) approach focusing on the Family Welfare Empowerment (PKK) group where each group will be limited to 20 people / group, besides that the implementation of education and counseling will apply health protocols according to the direction of the central government. It is hoped that the realization of a sustainable food house area (KRPL) will provide stimulus and solutions to the community so that they can survive, be productive and be independent in this pandemic. Keywords: Food, Commodities, Asset Based Community Development (ABCD).
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ZHU, Ling-cheng, Jing SU, Yu-ru JIN, Hai-yan ZHAO, Xiao-cheng TIAN, Chen ZHANG, Feng-wang MA, Ming-jun LI, and Bai-quan MA. "Genome-wide identification, molecular evolution, and expression divergence of the hexokinase gene family in apple." Journal of Integrative Agriculture 20, no. 8 (August 2021): 2112–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s2095-3119(20)63562-6.
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Egland, Paul G., and Caroline S. Harwood. "BadR, a New MarR Family Member, Regulates Anaerobic Benzoate Degradation by Rhodopseudomonas palustris in Concert with AadR, an Fnr Family Member." Journal of Bacteriology 181, no. 7 (April 1, 1999): 2102–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.181.7.2102-2109.1999.
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ABSTRACT A cluster of genes for the anaerobic degradation of benzoate has been described for the phototrophic bacterium Rhodopseudomonas palustris. Here we provide an initial analysis of the regulation of anaerobic benzoate degradation by examining the contributions of two regulators: a new regulator, BadR, encoded by the benzoate degradation gene cluster, and a previously described regulator, AadR, whose gene lies outside the cluster. Strains with single mutations in eitherbadR or aadR grew slowly on benzoate but were relatively unimpaired in growth on succinate and several intermediates of benzoate degradation. A badR aadR double mutant was completely defective in anaerobic growth on benzoate. Effects of the regulators on transcriptional activation were monitored with anR. palustris strain carrying a chromosomal fusion of ′lacZ to the badE gene of thebadDEFG operon. This operon encodes benzoyl-coenzyme A (benzoyl-CoA) reductase, an unusual oxygen-sensitive enzyme that catalyzes the benzene ring reduction reaction that is the rate-limiting step in anaerobic benzoate degradation. Expression ofbadE::′lacZ was induced 100-fold when cells grown aerobically on succinate were shifted to anaerobic growth on succinate plus benzoate. The aadR gene was required for a 20-fold increase in expression that occurred in response to anaerobiosis, and badR was responsible for a further 5-fold increase in expression that occurred in response to benzoate. Further studies with the badE::′lacZ fusion strain grown with various kinds of aromatic acids indicated that BadR probably responds to benzoyl-CoA acting as an effector molecule. Sequence information indicates that BadR is a member of the MarR family of transcriptional regulators. These studies expand the range of functions regulated by MarR family members to include anaerobic aromatic acid degradation and provide an example of a MarR-type protein that acts as a positive regulator rather than as a negative regulator, as do most MarR family members. AadR resembles the Escherichia coli Fnr regulator in sequence and contains cysteine residues that are spaced appropriately to serve in the capacity of a redox-sensing protein.
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Carey, M. F., K. Singh, M. Botchan, and N. R. Cozzarelli. "Induction of specific transcription by RNA polymerase III in transformed cells." Molecular and Cellular Biology 6, no. 9 (September 1986): 3068–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.6.9.3068.
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RNA polymerase III (pol III) transcripts of the highly repeated mouse B2 gene family are increased in many oncogenically transformed murine cell lines. In cells transformed by simian virus 40, the small, cytoplasmic B2 RNAs are present at 20-fold-higher levels than in normal cells (M. R. D. Scott, K. Westphal, and P. W. J. Rigby, Cell 34:557-567, 1983; K. Singh, M. Carey, S. Saragosti, and M. Botchan, Nature [London] 314:553-556). We found that transcripts of the highly repeated B1 gene family are also increased 20-fold upon simian virus 40 transformation and showed that these RNAs result from pol III transcription. In contrast, transcripts from less highly repeated pol III templates such as the 5S, 7SL, 7SK, 4.5SI, tRNAMet, and tRNAPro genes are unaffected. The expression of the B2 RNAs in isolated nuclei shows that the augmentation is due mainly to an increased rate of transcription by pol III. There is thus specific transformation-inducible pol III transcription. We developed an in vitro transcription assay which utilizes genomic DNA as a template to study the transcription of all members of a repetitive gene family in their native context. This assay reproduces the low cytoplasmic levels of B1 compared with B2 RNAs suggesting that this ratio is dictated by intrinsic signals in the DNA.
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Carey, M. F., K. Singh, M. Botchan, and N. R. Cozzarelli. "Induction of specific transcription by RNA polymerase III in transformed cells." Molecular and Cellular Biology 6, no. 9 (September 1986): 3068–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.6.9.3068-3076.1986.
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RNA polymerase III (pol III) transcripts of the highly repeated mouse B2 gene family are increased in many oncogenically transformed murine cell lines. In cells transformed by simian virus 40, the small, cytoplasmic B2 RNAs are present at 20-fold-higher levels than in normal cells (M. R. D. Scott, K. Westphal, and P. W. J. Rigby, Cell 34:557-567, 1983; K. Singh, M. Carey, S. Saragosti, and M. Botchan, Nature [London] 314:553-556). We found that transcripts of the highly repeated B1 gene family are also increased 20-fold upon simian virus 40 transformation and showed that these RNAs result from pol III transcription. In contrast, transcripts from less highly repeated pol III templates such as the 5S, 7SL, 7SK, 4.5SI, tRNAMet, and tRNAPro genes are unaffected. The expression of the B2 RNAs in isolated nuclei shows that the augmentation is due mainly to an increased rate of transcription by pol III. There is thus specific transformation-inducible pol III transcription. We developed an in vitro transcription assay which utilizes genomic DNA as a template to study the transcription of all members of a repetitive gene family in their native context. This assay reproduces the low cytoplasmic levels of B1 compared with B2 RNAs suggesting that this ratio is dictated by intrinsic signals in the DNA.
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Skendi, Adriana, Dimitrios Ν. Katsantonis, Paschalina Chatzopoulou, Maria Irakli, and Maria Papageorgiou. "Antifungal Activity of Aromatic Plants of the Lamiaceae Family in Bread." Foods 9, no. 11 (November 10, 2020): 1642. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods9111642.
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The antifungal effect of aromatic plants (oregano, thyme, and Satureja) in dry form and as essential oils was evaluated in vitro (in potato dextrose agar (PDA)) and in bread against two phytopathogenic fungi found in food (Aspergillusniger and Penicillium). Gas and liquid chromatography were used to analyze essential oils attained by hydrodistillation of the aerial parts of the aromatic plants and of the dried plant aqueous solutions that were autoclaved for 20 min at 121 °C before analysis. Carvacrol, α-pinene, p-cymene, and γ-terpinene were the main components of the essential oils, whereas carvacrol, rosmarinic and caffeic acids were the main components of the water extracts. In vitro antifungal test results showed that the addition of plants in dry form had great antifungal potential against both fungal strains studied. Penicillium was more sensitive to the presence of aromatic plants than Aspergillus. Among the three plant species tested, thyme was the most potent antifungal against both fungi. For the bread product, all three aromatic plants studied showed inhibitory effects against both fungi. Results presented here suggest that oregano, thyme and Satureja incorporated in a bread recipe possess antimicrobial properties and are a potential source of antimicrobial ingredients for the food industry.
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GUO, Bing-bing, Jia-ming LI, Xing LIU, Xin QIAO, Rwalinda FABRICE Musana, Peng WANG, Shao-ling ZHANG, and Ju-you WU. "Identification and expression analysis of the PbrMLO gene family in pear, and functional verification of PbrMLO23." Journal of Integrative Agriculture 20, no. 9 (September 2021): 2410–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s2095-3119(20)63558-4.
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D.R., Adizova. "Effective Metods Of Treatment For Chronic Heart Failure In Elderli Women." American Journal of Medical Sciences and Pharmaceutical Research 02, no. 12 (December 31, 2020): 125–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/tajmspr/volume02issue12-20.
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To study the effectiveness of teaching "self-care" and "self-control" in elderly and senile patients with chronic heart failure. The study included 107 patients with chronic heart failure. The training program was attended by 54 patients who made up the study group. 53 untrained patients made up the control group. These sessions were conducted with patients for 7 days, 1 hour per day. To assess the effectiveness of the training program, adherence to treatment was assessed using the Morisky-Green scale and the quality of life was assessed using the Minnesota questionnaire on the quality of life of patients. Results. During 1 year of follow-up, feedback was interrupted with 17 patients (15,8%) due to various reasons. Out of 90 subjects of observation, only 6 patients (6,7%) died due to the deterioration of their condition and the development of associated conditions. The assessment of the number of visits by patients to family polyclinics showed a generally satisfactory level of clinical examination in the study group - the average rate of planned visits was 3,2. In the control group, the average number of visits was 2,5 per year. There was a statistically significantly lower number of unplanned visits to the study group compared to patients from the control group. As a result, there was a significant decrease in the number of unplanned visits in the intervention group as a whole. Conclusion. The program of training elderly and senile patients on the aspects of self-medication and self-control in chronic heart failure is effective in improving the control of their adherence to therapy and the prognosis of the disease.
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Adhela, Yurike Dhika, Trias Mahmudiono, and Stefani Verona Indi Andani. "Perceived Quality of Food Service System and Food Culture (Kembul) in Children Penitentiary Class IA, Blitar Regency." Jurnal PROMKES 8, no. 1 (May 6, 2020): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jpk.v8.i1.2020.59-65.
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Background: The foodservice system in Children Penitentiary is an action for fulfilling the nutritional needs of prisoners. Lack of nutrition that is not by the standard, will result in the occurrence of nutritional problems and reduce the health status for prisoners during the coaching period. One indicator for better quality access to food services is to explore how the perceptions of prisoners on food services which are provided by the institution. Objective: The aims of this study was to determine the perceptions of inmates on the quality of service and provision of food at the Children Penitentiary Class IA, Blitar Regency. Method: This study used a qualitative approach with a semi-structured deep interview and observation method to explore data deeply and holistically. The informants consisted of 10 people and the criteria for key informants were between age range from 15 until 20 years old. Result: The results of the study showed that there were factors that influenced the perception of food quality assessment in LPKA, including internal factors, such as the emergence of eating behaviour and formation of eating culture among other prisoners. Besides assessment, there also included the taste of food, a portion of food, variety of menus, food hygiene, also the food from visitors or family. Conclusion: Eating behavior among prisoners forms a new culture in the scope of Class IA LPKA Blitar, which is a culture of joint eating or "kembul" which creates a sense of family among prisoners.
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Rizal, Samsul, and Mochamad Hadi. "Inventarisasi Jenis Capung (Odonata) Pada Areal Persawahan Di Desa Pundenarum Kecamatan Karangawen Kabupaten Demak." Bioma : Berkala Ilmiah Biologi 17, no. 1 (June 17, 2015): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/bioma.17.1.16-20.
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Paddy fields is one of the important ecosystem that support human life because here produced rice that is the main food to the human. Besides, paddy field ecosystem also have many diversity of insect, including dragonfly (Odonata). Dragonfly (Odonata) is one of the insect that used to be a predators to the pests in the paddy fields, such as Chilo sp and Nilaparvata lugen. The study on dragonfly was conducted in Pundenarum village, Karangawen, Demak. The objectives of this study is to identify the odonata specieses that lived in paddy field. Inventory of odonata specieses done with field by field method and direct catch using insect net. The result of this study is that 5 specieses of odonata were identified in paddy field, i.e: Orthetrum sabina, Crocothemis servillia, Pantala flavescens, Agriocnemis femina dan Agriocnemis pygmea. The odonata specieses that identified is part of 2 family, i.e: Libellulidae and Coenagrionidae. It is also found that all species is part of the suborder Anisoptera (dragonfly) and Zygoptera (damselflies). Key word : dragonfly, Odonata, inventory, paddy field.
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Seid, Anwar, Berhanu Seyoum, and Firehiwot Mesfin. "Determinants of Acute Malnutrition among Children Aged 6–59 Months in Public Health Facilities of Pastoralist Community, Afar Region, Northeast Ethiopia: A Case Control Study." Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism 2017 (2017): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/7265972.
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Background. In low income countries, acute malnutrition continues to be the most important risk factor for illnesses and deaths. The aim of this study was to assess the determinants of acute malnutrition among children aged 6–59 months.Methods. A facility based unmatched case control study was employed on 420 (140 cases and 280 controls) children aged 6–59 months with their caregivers between January 20 and February 20, 2014. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 20.0. APvalue < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results. Children aged 12–23 months [AOR = 10.51, 95% CI = 4.93, 22.34], rural residence [AOR = 2.42, 95% CI = 1.22, 4.79], illiterate father [AOR = 2.47, 95% CI = 1.32, 4.61], Monthly income of less than 1000 birr [AOR = 3.98, 95% CI 2.05, 7.69], and food served together with family [AOR = 2.18, 95% CI = 1.10, 4.30] were associated with acute malnutrition.Conclusion. Rural residence, illiterate father, monthly income of less than 1000 birr, and food served together with family are statistically associated with acute malnutrition. Improving practices of parents on appropriate child feeding and creating awareness related to key risk factors of acute malnutrition should be further strengthened.
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Arora, Amit, Louise Chew, Kaye Kang, Lily Tang, Mohamed Estai, Jack Thepsourinthone, Navira Chandio, et al. "Diet, Nutrition, and Oral Health: What Influences Mother’s Decisions on What to Feed Their Young Children?" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 15 (August 2, 2021): 8159. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18158159.
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The purpose of this study was to learn about mothers’ experiences with food choices for their pre-school children in underprivileged communities in Greater Western Sydney (GWS). A total of 20 mother-child dyads living in GWS were recruited to a qualitative study from an ongoing birth cohort study. Participants’ houses were visited for semi-structured interviews, which were recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analysed thematically. The interviews yielded five main themes: (i) food choices, nutrition, and health; (ii) accessibility and availability of foods (iii) buying time for parents; (iv) child’s age and their preference on food choices; (v) conditioning certain behaviours by family and cultural factors. Nutrition literacy, child’s preferences, unhealthy food intake by family members, child’s demand, advertising and availability of harmful foods, and time constraints were all mentioned as hurdles to mothers making appropriate meal choices for their children. However, some identified facilitators were promoting parents’ knowledge, increasing access to health educational materials, upskilling mothers to providing healthier alternatives, regulating the marketing of unhealth foods. Although, the present study identified critical factors that influence mothers’ food choices for their young children, making healthy food choices is a complex practice as it is shaped by individual, social and environmental influences.
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El-Fiki, Ayman, and Mohamed Adly. "Molecular characterization and genetic diversity in some Egyptian wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) using microsatellite markers." Potravinarstvo Slovak Journal of Food Sciences 13, no. 1 (February 19, 2019): 100–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.5219/978.
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Puntschart, A., E. Wey, K. Jostarndt, M. Vogt, M. Wittwer, H. R. Widmer, H. Hoppeler, and R. Billeter. "Expression of fos andjun genes in human skeletal muscle after exercise." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 274, no. 1 (January 1, 1998): C129—C137. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.1998.274.1.c129.
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It is believed that the induction of the fos and jun gene family of transcription factors might be at the origin of genetic events leading to the differential regulation of muscle-specific genes. We have investigated the effect of a 30-min running bout in untrained subjects on the expression of the mRNAs of all members of the fos and jun gene families, including c- fos, fosB, fosBdel, fra-1, and fra-2 as well as c- jun, junB, and junD. While the fos family members were transiently upregulated 10- to 20-fold (an exception being fra-2), the induction of the jun family members was up to 3-fold only. The induction of c- fos could also be demonstrated at the protein level. Both c- fos and c- jun mRNAs were coinduced in muscle fiber nuclei. The induction was not restricted to a particular fiber type, as expected from established muscle fiber recruitment schemes, but followed a “patchy” pattern confined to certain regions of the muscle. The signals leading to the expression of these immediate early genes are therefore unclear.
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Minani, Bonaventure, Déo-Guide Rurema, and Philippe Lebailly. "Rural resilience and the role of social capital among farmers in Kirundo province, Northern Burundi." Applied Studies in Agribusiness and Commerce 7, no. 2-3 (September 30, 2013): 121–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.19041/apstract/2013/2-3/20.
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In Burundi, more than 90% of the active population is engaged in family agriculture, which plays a vital role in food production and constitutes more than 50% of the GDP. Before the civil war of 1993, Kirundo was deemed the “breadbasket of the country”, as the region fed many parts of Burundi through growing particular foods such as legumes and cereals. Family farming was market-oriented. Kirundo alone includes 8 lakes which offer opportunities for field irrigation. Today, this region is the first province in Burundi which shows a high rate of malnutrition, as poverty has increased and a sharp 53.9 % decline in agricultural production has been witnessed between 1996 and 2009. The aim of this article is to analyse the role of social capital through the local association network in improving family agriculture and the resilience to climate change and conflict crisis. In this study, 73 farmers were surveyed in Kirundo province through means of a questionnaire, and the study was completed by collecting secondary data. Analysis of the data reveals that, despite recurrent droughts in that region which caused deaths due to famines and displacement of people to neighbouring countries such as Rwanda and Tanzania, 44% of the farmers who were surveyed were shown to have resilience to climate change. The analysis of data shows that these farmers were members of well organised local associations, and had learned about specific topics such as financial management, processing and storage of agricultural products and livestock. The social capital network positively influences their income and their resilience to climate change and conflict crisis.
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CHANG, JIANG, BIAO TANG, YIFEI CHEN, XIAODONG XIA, MINGRONG QIAN, and HUA YANG. "Two IncHI2 Plasmid-Mediated Colistin-Resistant Escherichia coli Strains from the Broiler Chicken Supply Chain in Zhejiang Province, China." Journal of Food Protection 83, no. 8 (April 10, 2020): 1402–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/jfp-20-041.
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ABSTRACT Colistin is used as one of the last-resort drugs against lethal infections caused by carbapenem-resistant pathogens of the Enterobacteriaceae family. Enterobacteriaceae bacteria carrying the mcr-1 colistin resistance gene are emerging in livestock and poultry, posing a serious threat to human health. However, there have been few reports about the prevalence and transmission of mcr-1 along the regional chicken supply chain. In this study, the complete sequences of mcr-1–positive Escherichia coli ST2705 and ST206 isolates obtained by screening 129 chilled chicken samples and 251 chicken fecal samples were investigated. Both of these isolates showed resistance to colistin, and importantly, the complete sequence of the mcr-1–positive E. coli ST2705 in China was reported for the first time. The mcr-1 gene was located on the IncHI2 plasmids pTBMCR421 (254,365 bp) and pTBMCR401 (230,964 bp) in strains ECCNB20-2 and ECZP248, respectively. Comparative analysis of mcr-1–bearing IncHI2 plasmids showed a marked similarity, indicating that these plasmids are very common and have the ability to be efficient vehicles for mcr-1 dissemination among humans, animals, and food. Furthermore, an insertion (ISKpn26) in Tn6330 (ISApl1-mcr-1-pap2-ISApl1) was identified in the plasmid pTBMCR401 and then compared; this insertion might affect the adaptability and stability of Tn6330. Taken together, these findings suggest that the IncHI2 plasmid might be a main factor affecting the transmission of mcr-1 in the chicken supply chain and that the genetic context of the mcr-1–bearing IncHI2 plasmid is constantly evolving. HIGHLIGHTS
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Li, M., M. T. Krishna, S. Razaq, and D. Pillay. "A real-time prospective evaluation of clinical pharmaco-economic impact of diagnostic label of ‘penicillin allergy’ in a UK teaching hospital." Journal of Clinical Pathology 67, no. 12 (September 2, 2014): 1088–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jclinpath-2014-202438.
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AimsTo perform a pharmaco-economic analysis of prescribing alternative antibiotics in patients with a diagnostic label of ‘penicillin allergy’ and assess whether collation of information from a structured history and liaison with the family physician could reduce costs.MethodsA prospective pro-forma-based interview of randomly selected in-patients and their family physician was used to assess the validity of the diagnostic label of ‘penicillin allergy’. Cost analysis of prescription of alternative antibiotics was performed and compared with first-line agents.Results102 patients were assessed and only 40% (n=41) were found to have a history consistent with penicillin hypersensitivity, 40% (n=41) were likely ‘not allergic’ and 20% (n=20) had ‘indeterminate’ reactions. Total cost of antibiotics prescribed for patients with penicillin allergy was 1.82–2.58-fold higher than for first-line antibiotics.ConclusionsObtaining a structured history from the patient and family physician alone can enable an accurate identification of penicillin allergy status. Total acquisition cost of second-line antibiotics is higher than if these patients were prescribed first-line antibiotics.