Academic literature on the topic 'Ford vans'

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles

Select a source type:

Consult the lists of relevant articles, books, theses, conference reports, and other scholarly sources on the topic 'Ford vans.'

Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.

You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.

Journal articles on the topic "Ford vans"

1

Mazaheri Nezhad Fard, Ramin, Mohammad Mehdi Soltan Dallal, Maryam Abbaspour, and Zahra Rajabi. "Study of VanA, B, C, D, E Genes in Vancomycin Resistant Enterococci Isolated from Retailed Dried Vegetables in Tehran, Iran." International Journal of Enteric Pathogens 7, no. 1 (January 18, 2019): 9–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.15171/ijep.2019.03.

Full text
Abstract:
Background: Enterococcus spp. are resistant to many antimicrobials including vancomycin. They may be found in foods and water. Objective: In the current study, van genes were investigated in vancomycin resistant enterococci (VRE) isolated from dried vegetables in Tehran, Iran. Materials and Methods: In this study, 140 dried vegetable samples were collected from local retailers in Tehran, Iran, 2015. Bacteria were isolated using culture, biochemistry and molecular methods. Susceptibility of the enterococcal isolates was assessed to six antibiotics of ampicillin, chloramphenicol, erythromycin, gentamicin, tetracycline and vancomycin using Kirby-Bauer method. The prevalence of vanA, B, C, D, E genes was molecularly studied in VRE using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing techniques. Results: Of 140 dried vegetable samples, Enterococcus spp. strains were isolated from 84 samples (60%). Totally, 48% of the isolates were resistant to vancomycin. Of 41 vancomycinresistant enterococcal isolates, vanA was found in 23 (56.1%), vanB in 8 (19.5%) and vanC in 2 (4.9%) isolates. No vanD or vanE was found in the isolates. Results have shown a high rate of contamination with Enterococcus spp., especially VRE, in dried vegetables in Tehran. Conclusion: Therefore, further hygienic regulations such as personal training and food processing, transportation, storage and marketing must be routine in food industries and local retailers.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

MUS, T. E., F. CETINKAYA, R. CIBIK, G. DEGIRMENCI, and F. B. DILER. "Molecular Identification of Vancomycin Resistance and Virulence Genes in Foodborne Enterococci." Journal of the Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society 70, no. 2 (July 12, 2019): 1487. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/jhvms.20819.

Full text
Abstract:
The study was performed to determine the presence of vancomycin phenotyping genes and some virulence traits in enterococci species. For this purpose, a total of 42 enterococci including 6 vancomycin-resistant and 36 vancomycin-susceptible strains originated from meat/meat products and milk/dairy products were assessed for the vanA, vanB and vanC genes and agg, esp, gelE, ace and efaA virulence genes by using polymerase chain reaction or multiplex polymerase chain reaction. The vanA gene was found in 12% (n=5) of the strains and vanC gene in 50% (n=21). From these, three vanA- (E. faecalis, E. durans, E. casseliflavus) and two vanC-positive (E. durans) strains had a minimum inhibitory concentration of > 256 μg/ml as previously determined with the E-test. The strains expressing vancomycin susceptibility originating from ready-to-eat food were found to carry vanA (n=1) and vanC (n=5) genes. On the other hand, the vanB gene was not detected among strains. Moreover, no strain was found to harbor virulence traits studied. Our results indicated that resistant or susceptible enterococci from foods of animal origin can be a possible reservoir for resistance genes and may have a potential role for transfer of genetic elements among enterococci or to other bacteria. Furthermore, to develop epidemiological surveillance systems for foodborne antibiotic resistant pathogens as vancomycin-resistant enterococci and their genes responsible for resistance, primarily vanA, vanB, continues to be an essential issue all around the world. The present work provides data for foodborne enterococci isolates harboring vanA gene from Turkey.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Arthur, Michel, Florence Depardieu, Peter Reynolds, and Patrice Courvalin. "Moderate-Level Resistance to Glycopeptide LY333328 Mediated by Genes of the vanA and vanB Clusters in Enterococci." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 43, no. 8 (August 1, 1999): 1875–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.43.8.1875.

Full text
Abstract:
ABSTRACT Three of five natural plasmids carrying a wild-typevanA gene cluster did not confer LY333328 glycopeptide resistance on Enterococcus faecalis JH2-2 (MIC = 2 μg/ml). The two remaining plasmids conferred resistance to the drug (MIC, 8 μg/ml). The vanB gene cluster did not confer resistance to LY333328, since this antibiotic was not an inducer. Mutations in the vanSB sensor gene that allowed induction by teicoplanin or constitutive expression of thevanB cluster led to LY333328 resistance (MIC, 8 to 16 μg/ml). Overproduction of the VanH, VanA, and VanX proteins ford-alanyl-d-lactate (d-Ala-d-Lac) synthesis andd-Ala-d-Ala hydrolysis was sufficient for resistance to LY333328 (MIC, 16 μg/ml). Mutations in the hostd-Ala:d-Ala ligase contributed to LY333328 resistance in certain VanA- and VanB-type strains, but the MICs of the antibiotic did not exceed 16 μg/ml. Addition ofd-2-hydroxybutyrate in the culture medium of mutants that did not produce the VanH d-lactate dehydrogenase led to incorporation of this d-2-hydroxy acid at the C-terminal ends of the peptidoglycan precursors and to LY333328 resistance (MIC, 64 μg/ml). The vanZ gene of the vanA cluster conferred resistance to LY333328 (MIC, 8 μg/ml) by an unknown mechanism. These data indicate that VanA- and VanB-type enterococci may acquire moderate-level resistance to LY333328 (MIC ≤ 16 μg/ml) in a single step by various mechanisms.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Civolani, Claudio, Paolo Barghini, Anna Rita Roncetti, Maurizio Ruzzi, and Alma Schiesser. "Bioconversion of Ferulic Acid into Vanillic Acid by Means of a Vanillate-Negative Mutant of Pseudomonas fluorescens Strain BF13." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 66, no. 6 (June 1, 2000): 2311–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.66.6.2311-2317.2000.

Full text
Abstract:
ABSTRACT From a ferulic-acid-degrading Pseudomonas fluorescensstrain (BF13), we have isolated a transposon mutant, which retained the ability to bioconvert ferulic acid into vanillic acid but lost the ability to further degrade the latter acid. The mutant, BF13-97, was very stable, and therefore it was suitable to be used as a biocatalyst for the preparative synthesis of vanillic acid from ferulic acid. By use of resting cells we determined the effect on the bioconversion rate of several parameters, such as the addition of nutritional factors, the concentration of the biomass, and the carbon source on which the biomass was grown. The optimal yield of vanillic acid was obtained with cells pregrown on M9 medium containing p-coumaric acid (0.1% [wt/vol]) as a sole carbon source and yeast extract (0.001% [wt/vol]) as a source of nutritional factors. Under these conditions, 1 mg (wet weight) of biomass produced 0.23 mg of vanillic acid per h. The genomic region of BF13-97 flanking the transposon's site of insertion was cloned and sequenced revealing two open reading frames of 1,062 (vanA) and 954 (vanB) bp, respectively. The van genes are organized in a cluster and encode the subunits of the vanillate-O-demethylase, which catalyzes the first step of the vanillate catabolism. Amino acid sequences deduced from vanA and vanB genes were shown to have high identity with known VanAs and VanBs fromPseudomonas and Acinetobacter spp. Highly conserved regions known to exist in class IA oxygenases were also found in the vanillate-O-demethylase components from P. fluorescens BF13. The terminal oxygenase VanA is characterized by a conserved Rieske-type [2Fe-2S]R ligand center. The reductase VanB contains a plant-type ferredoxin [2Fe-2S]Fd, flavin mononucleotide, and NAD-ribose binding domains which are located in its C-terminal and N-terminal halves, respectively. Transfer of wild-type vanAB genes to BF13-97 complemented this mutant, which recovered its ability to grow on either vanillic or ferulic acid.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Marshall, C. Gary, and Gerard D. Wright. "DdlN from Vancomycin-Producing Amycolatopsis orientalis C329.2 Is a VanA Homologue withd-Alanyl-d-Lactate Ligase Activity." Journal of Bacteriology 180, no. 21 (November 1, 1998): 5792–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.180.21.5792-5795.1998.

Full text
Abstract:
ABSTRACT Vancomycin-resistant enterococci acquire high-level resistance to glycopeptide antibiotics through the synthesis of peptidoglycan terminating in d-alanyl-d-lactate. A key enzyme in this process is a d-alanyl-d-alanine ligase homologue, VanA or VanB, which preferentially catalyzes the synthesis of the depsipeptide d-alanyl-d-lactate. We report the overexpression, purification, and enzymatic characterization of DdlN, a VanA and VanB homologue encoded by a gene of the vancomycin-producing organism Amycolatopsis orientalisC329.2. Evaluation of kinetic parameters for the synthesis of peptides and depsipeptides revealed a close relationship between VanA and DdlN in that depsipeptide formation was kinetically preferred at physiologic pH; however, the DdlN enzyme demonstrated a narrower substrate specificity and commensurately increased affinity ford-lactate in the C-terminal position over VanA. The results of these functional experiments also reinforce the results of previous studies that demonstrated that glycopeptide resistance enzymes from glycopeptide-producing bacteria are potential sources of resistance enzymes in clinically relevant bacteria.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Ozawa, Yoshiyuki, Koichi Tanimoto, Takahiro Nomura, Masao Yoshinaga, Yoshichika Arakawa, and Yasuyoshi Ike. "Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci in Humans and Imported Chickens in Japan." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 68, no. 12 (December 2002): 6457–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.68.12.6457-6461.2002.

Full text
Abstract:
ABSTRACT The phenotypes and genotypes of 22 VanA-type vancomycin-resistant enterococci that had been isolated in Japan were examined. The VanA resistance determinant was plasmid mediated in each of the 22 strains. Of the 22 strains, 8 were isolated from different patients and 11 and 3 were obtained from different samples of chickens imported from Thailand and France, respectively. Three of the strains that were isolated from patients and the 11 strains isolated from the Thai chickens showed high-level vancomycin resistance (MICs, 512 to 1,024 μg/ml) and low-level teicoplanin resistance (MICs, 0.5 to 4 μg/ml). Each of these strains had three amino acid substitutions in the N-terminal region of the deduced VanS sequence. L50 was converted to V, E54 was converted to Q, and Q69 was converted to H compared to the vanS gene sequence of Tn1546.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Hill, Craig M., Kevin M. Krause, Stacey R. Lewis, Johanne Blais, Bret M. Benton, Mathai Mammen, Patrick P. Humphrey, Alfred Kinana, and James W. Janc. "Specificity of Induction of the vanA and vanB Operons in Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci by Telavancin." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 54, no. 7 (April 19, 2010): 2814–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.01737-09.

Full text
Abstract:
ABSTRACT Telavancin is a bactericidal, semisynthetic lipoglycopeptide indicated in the United States for the treatment of complicated skin and skin structure infections caused by susceptible Gram-positive bacteria and is under investigation as a once-daily treatment for nosocomial pneumonia. The related vanA and vanB gene clusters mediate acquired resistance to glycopeptides in enterococci by remodeling the dipeptide termini of peptidoglycan precursors from d-alanyl-d-alanine (d-Ala-d-Ala) to d-alanyl-d-lactate (d-Ala-d-Lac). In this study, we assessed the ability of telavancin to induce the expression of van genes in VanA- and VanB-type strains of vancomycin-resistant enterococci. Vancomycin, teicoplanin, and telavancin efficiently induced VanX activity in VanA-type strains, while VanX activity in VanB-type isolates was inducible by vancomycin but not by teicoplanin or telavancin. In VanA-type strains treated with vancomycin or telavancin, high levels of d-Ala-d-Lac-containing pentadepsipeptide were measured, while d-Ala-d-Ala pentapeptide was present at very low levels or not detected at all. In VanB-type strains, vancomycin but not telavancin induced high levels of pentadepsipeptide, while pentapeptide was not detected. Although vancomycin, teicoplanin, and telavancin induced similar levels of VanX activity in VanA-type strains, these organisms were more sensitive to telavancin, which displayed MIC values that were 32- and 128-fold lower than those of vancomycin and teicoplanin, respectively.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Eisner, Alexandra, Gebhard Feierl, Gregor Gorkiewicz, Franz Dieber, Harald H. Kessler, Egon Marth, and Josef Köfer. "High Prevalence of VanA-Type Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci in Austrian Poultry." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 71, no. 10 (October 2005): 6407–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.71.10.6407-6409.2005.

Full text
Abstract:
ABSTRACT Fecal samples from humans and food-producing animals were analyzed for the presence of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE). The VRE carriage rate in humans was 6%, and there was a predominance of VanC-type resistance. Enterococcus faecium with vanA-mediated resistance was frequent in broiler chickens (42%) but rare in cattle and pig samples.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Poole, T. L., M. E. Hume, L. D. Campbell, H. M. Scott, W. Q. Alali, and R. B. Harvey. "Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus faecium Strains Isolated from Community Wastewater from a Semiclosed Agri-Food System in Texas." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 49, no. 10 (October 2005): 4382–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.49.10.4382-4385.2005.

Full text
Abstract:
ABSTRACT Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium strains (VRE) were isolated from human wastewater but not swine fecal waste from a semiclosed agri-food system in Texas. Forty-nine VRE isolates possessed vanA, and one possessed vanB. Twenty-one pulsed-field gel electrophoresis types were identified and segregated into three groups. There was evidence of clonal dissemination among geographically separated sites.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

GUERRERO-RAMOS, EMILIA, DIANA MOLINA-GONZÁLEZ, SONIA BLANCO-MORÁN, GILBERTO IGREJAS, PATRÍCIA POETA, CARLOS ALONSO-CALLEJA, and ROSA CAPITA. "Prevalence, Antimicrobial Resistance, and Genotypic Characterization of Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci in Meat Preparations." Journal of Food Protection 79, no. 5 (May 1, 2016): 748–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-15-390.

Full text
Abstract:
ABSTRACT A total of 160 samples of poultry (80), pork (40), and beef (40) preparations (red sausages, white sausages, hamburgers, meatballs, nuggets, minced meat, escalope, and crepes) were tested in northwestern Spain to determine the prevalence of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE). VRE were detected in 38 (23.8%) samples (37.5% of poultry, 15.0% of pork, and 5.0% of beef samples). One strain per food sample was further characterized. Isolates were identified as Enterococcus faecium (14 strains), E. durans (10), E. hirae (7), E. gallinarum (5), and E. casseliflavus–E. flavescens (2). All strains showed resistance or intermediate susceptibility to three or more antimicrobials of clinical significance, in addition to vancomycin. High rates of resistance or intermediate susceptibility were observed for teicoplanin (81.6% of isolates), chloramphenicol (81.6%), erythromycin (100%), quinupristin-dalfopristin (89.5%), and ciprofloxacin (81.6%). A moderate rate of resistance or intermediate susceptibility emerged for ampicillin (34.2%) and tetracycline (36.8%). Genes encoding antimicrobial resistance and virulence were studied by PCR. The vanA, vanB, vanC-1, and vanC-2/3 genes were identified in 27, 1, 5, and 2 isolates, respectively. Other resistance genes or transposon sequences found were tet(L), tet(M), Tn5397 (tetracycline), erm(A), erm(B) (erythromycin), vat(D), and vat(E) (quinupristin-dalfopristin). Most isolates were free of virulence determinants (agg, hyl, and efaAfm genes were detected in one, one, and five strains, respectively). Strains were classified as not biofilm producers (crystal violet assay; 4 isolates) or weak biofilm producers (34 isolates). Cluster analysis (EcoRI ribotyping) suggested a strong genetic relationship among isolates from different types of meat preparations, animal species, and retail outlets. Meat preparations might play a role in the spread through the food chain of VRE with several resistance and virulence genes.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
More sources

Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Ford vans"

1

Van, Staden Wehlia. "Die rol van etikettering van nutriëntsamestelling op die voorkoming van vetverwante siekte : 'n sistematiese literatuuroorsig /." Link to the online version, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/1271.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Van, Staden Wehlia. "Die rol van etikettering van nutrientsamestelling op die voorkoming van vetverwante siekte : 'n sistematiese literatuuroorsig." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/3070.

Full text
Abstract:
Thesis (MNutr (Human Nutrition))--University of Stellenbosch, 2005.
A diet high in fat results in dietary-related diseases, which have reached epidemic proportions in South Africa. Nutritional labelling has the potential to alter consumers’ knowledge of attitude and behaviour towards their fat intake. The purpose of the study was to investigate the effects of nutritional labelling on the population’s fat-intake through a systematic literature review. Electronic databases, reference lists of relevant studies and the Internet were searched, to identify studies that could help to answer the problem statement. Relevant citations were independently identified by two investigators based on the established inclusion-criteria. After this the full text of the selected citations were obtained and filtered independently by each investigator based on the inclusion- and exclusion criteria. The characteristics of each study was recorded in specially developed data extraction forms by the investigator herself and was checked by a second investigator. The primary objective of the study was to investigate nutritional labelling on food packaging. Two other forms of labelling were included to gain a more concise perception of consumers’ knowledge and practices regarding information on fat. These other forms were point-of-sale labelling (in supermarkets, in restaurants, by vending machines) and experimental labelling (labels spesifically designed to indicate the fat-content of a food item). A total of 59 relevant studies were included based on the inclusion-criteria. Although only a few studies assessed the effect of labelling on diet, there was evidence that the use of labels resulted in lower fat intake. Women older than 35 years with higher education levels, who used nutritional supplements, and who were in the maintenance stage of change to a lower fat diet, and who believed in the importance of nutrition, were between 50% to 80% higher users of information about fat than their counterparts. Fat is the food component which was most looked at on the food label (50% to 80%). Small changes in fat intake occured due to point-of-sale labelling, but labelling programmes which combined labelling with additional information on fat (e.g. pamphlets), increased visibility and nutrition education programmes, were more successful. People generally perceived products lower in fat as less pleasant, but sensory judgement of the products labelled with a low fat content were related to a person’s beliefs and concerns towards fat. Nutritional labelling can be an effective measure, which can be used to reduce the population’s fat intake; however, more research is needed to assess the effect of labelling on fat content of their diet. Regulations and education is needed to enhance the consumer’s trust in and capability in the use of labelling to make better food choices and to alter their diet. The success of labelling is dependant on a well-educated and motivated population, as well as the necessary information in a format which is understandable to the consumer.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Malherbe, WF. "Die gehalte van ondersoeke en die institusionele oordra van data oor aanmeldbare voedselvergiftigingsuitbrake." Thesis, Cape Technikon, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/801.

Full text
Abstract:
Thesis (MTech(Environmental Health)--Cape Technikon, Cape Town,1997
The study project researched the quality of the investigations and the institutional transfer of data regarding notifiable food poisoning outbreaks reflected in "the study region", that is to say North-, East- and Western Cape Provinces. In comparing the data of the central-, provincial- and local governments' total notifiable food poisoning outbreaks notifications for specific local areas, problems relating to incomplete and poor data, poorly completed reports and ignorance of health workers re notifiable medical conditions were identified. Various conclusions and recommendations were made for "the purpose of future improvements.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

De, Jongh Jacolene. "Ontwikkeling van 'n laevetgraanproduk en die effek van verskillende veselvlakke op die glukemiese indeks." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52975.

Full text
Abstract:
Thesis(MSc Food Sc )--Stellenbosch University, 2002.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Consumers are becoming more health conscious. Furthermore, time is a scarce human resource and therefore convenience is an important consideration when food choices are being made. A South African food company identified this trend and decided to develop a product that capitalised on these demands of health and convenience. The decision was made to develop a low-fat, low-cholesterol, low-saturated fatty acid, low-trans fatty acid, high-fibre wheat product with an intermediate glycemic index (GI). The market in Stellenbosch was scouted to determine whether a similar product already existed. Six products that made nutrient-, health- or any other claims were identified. Not one of the identified products, however, conformed to meet the requirements of the Department of Health for the product characteristics that were set. Therefore, the decision was made to continue the development of the low-fat, low-cholesterol, low-saturated fatty acid, low-trans fatty acid, high-fibre wheat product with an intermediate glycemic index (GI). To qualify as a low-fat product, the product had to contain less than 3 % fat. The ingredients were chosen with their fat content in mind. Fruit pulp is widely used in the preparation of baked low-fat products and was also used in this study to eliminate the use of butter, margarine and oil, but also to achieve the additional product criteria that was set by the food company, namely a chewy texture and a fruity flavour. Ingredients like soya flour, oatmeal, oats and wheat bran were chosen to increase the fibre content of the product, because all of these products have a fibre content of 10 g or more per 100 g. Two products were developed during 23 experiments. Except for the high fibre claim, both products met the criteria that were set before the development started, namely a low-fat, low-cholesterol, low-saturated fatty acid, low-trans fatty acid, high-fibre content and a calculated intermediate glycemic index (GI). One of the two concept products that were developed were chosen by an experienced panel to serve as basic product for an empirical study on the effect of different fibre levels on the glycemic index. Five different fibre levels were formulated by manipulating the amounts of wheat bran and oatmeal. The basic formula contained 6,25 % fibre and the other fibre levels were identified as: 4,39; 5,31; 7,45 en 8,17 %. The fibre levels were equal-distant. The prediction was made that the GI-value of the product will decrease as the fibre levels increase and the theoretical calculations confirmed this prediction. The real GI-values that were determined by blood glucose testings, however, showed an increase in GI-value up to the 6,25 % fibre level, followed by a.decrease in GI-value to the 8,17 % fibre level. It became apparent that more than just fibre played a role in the GI-values of the products. It is proposed that the results explained by fibre behaviour, starch gelatinisation and starch hydrolysis. Hundred households in Stell enbosch tested the developed product. Two fieldworkers identified 25 consumers in four retail stores in Stellenbosch and gave them the product and the questionnaire, which they had to complete at home after tasting the product. The questionnaires were then collected from the respondents' houses. A recognised measurement instrument, which is used by the South African food industry to determine the acceptability of a newly developed product, was used for assesing the results. The results showed that the orange flavour of the product led to a low overall acceptability of the developed product and that the other product concept (that was developed during the recipe development phase and not chosen by the panel) should be considered for testing its market potential. Another facet of the questionnaire determined the effect of buying practices, health consciousness and consumer knowledge on the consumer acceptability of the low-fat, high-fibre wheat product with an intermediate-GI-value. No correlation between these factors and consumer acceptability of the low-fat, high-fibre wheat product with an intermediate-GI-value were found.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die verbruiker word al meer gesondheidsbewus: Terselfdertyd is tyd 'n skaars menslike hulpbron, en word gerief gevolglik 'n belangrike oorweging tydens voedselkeuses. 'n Suid-Afrikaanse voedselmaatskappy het hierdie neigings geidentifiseer en besluit om 'n produk te ontwikkel wat aan hierdie vereistes van gesondheid en gerief voldoen. Daar is besluit om 'n lae vet-, lae cholesterol-, lae versadigdevetsuur-, lae transvetsuur-, hoe veselgraanproduk met 'n intermediere glukemiese indeks (GI) te ontwikkel. Die Stellenbosse mark is verken om vas te stel of daar reeds soortgelyke produkte op die mark was. Ses produkte wat nutrientinhoud-, gesondheid- of ander aansprake maak, is geidentifiseer. Geeneen van die produkte het egter aan die Departement van Gesondheid se konsepregulasies betreffende die etikettering van voedingsmiddels vir bogenoemde produkeienskappe voldoen nie. Gevolglik is besluit om met die ontwikkeling van die lae vet-, lae cholesterol-, lae versadigdevetsuur-, lae transvetsuur-, hoe veselgraanproduk met 'n intermediere GI voort te gaan. Om as 'n laevetproduk te kon kwalifiseer, moes die produk minder as 3 % vet bevat. Die bestanddele moes dus met inagneming van hul vetinhoud gekies word. Vrugtepulp word algemeen gebruik in die bereiding van gebakte laevetprodukte en is ook in hierdie studie gebruik om die gebruik van botter, margarien of olie te vermy, maar ook om aan die addisionele produkkriteria wat deur die maatskappy gespesifiseer is, naamlik 'n sagte tekstuur en vrugtige geur, te voldoen. Bestanddele soos soja-, hawermeel, hawer- en koringsemels is gekies om die veselinhoud van die produk te verhoog, aangesien hierdie bestanddele meer as 10 g vesel per 100 g bevat. Twee produkte is deur middel van 23 eksperimente ontwikkel. Met die uitsondering van die hoeveselinhoudaanspraak, het beide produkte aan die vereistes wat gestel is, naamlik 'n laevet-, laecholesterol-, laeversadigdevetsuur-, laetransvetsuur- en 'n hoeveselinhoud en 'n beraamde intermediere GI, voldoen. Een van die konsepprodukte is deur 'n ervare paneel gekies vir die empiriese studie waar die effek van verskillende veselvlakke op die GI bepaal is. 'n Standaard formule is aangepas om vyf verskillende veselvlakke te verkry deur die koringsemel- en hawermeelhoeveelhede te manipuleer. Die basisformule het 6,25 % vesel bevat en twee veselvlakke is daarbo en -onder as ge·identifiseer: 4,39; 5,31; 7,45 en 8,17 %, dit wil sê, veselvlakke met dieselfde grootte verskille. Daar is voorspel dat die GI-waarde van die produkte sou daal met 'n toename in die veselinhoud van die produk en die teoretiese berekeninge van die GI-waarde het hierdie voorspelling gestaaf. Die werklike GI-waardes wat met behulp van bloedglukoseresponse bepaal is, het egter 'n toename in GI-waarde tot by die 6,25 % veselvlak, gevolg deur 'n afname tot by die 8,17 % veselvlak aangedui. Dit het duidelik geword dat meer as slegs die veselinhoud 'n rol gespeel het by die GI-waarde van die produk. Die resultate is gevolglik aan die hand van die veselgedrag, styselgelatinisasie en styselhidrolise verklaar. Die verbruikersaanvaarbaarheid van die ontwikkelde laevet-, hoeveselproduk is by 100 huishoudings in Stellenbosch getoets. Twee veldwerkers het die verbruikers in vier kleinhandelaars in Stellenbosch genader en produkte met 'n gepaardgaande vraelys aan hulle oorhandig. Die produkte is tuis qeevalueer en die vraelyste is weer ingesamel. Ook vervat in die vraelys was 'n erkende meetinstrument wat deur die Suid-Afrikaanse voedselindustrie gebruik word vir die bepaling van verbruikersaanvaarbaarheid van 'n nuutontwikkelde produk. Uit die resultate het dit geblyk dat die lemoengeur van die produk gelei het tot die lae verbruikersaanvaarbaarheid van die ontwikkelde produk, en dat die ander produkkonsep (wat tydens die resepontwikkelingsfase ontwikkel is, en nie deur die ervare paneel gekies is nie) vir bemarkingspotensiaal getoets hoort te word. Die data wat uit die vraelyste ingesamel is, is ook gebruik om die effek van aankooppraktyke, gesondheidsbewustheid en verbruikerskennis op die verbruikersaanvaarbaarheid van die laevet-, hoeveselgraanproduk met 'n interrnediere-Gl-waarde te bepaal. Daar is geen verwantskap tussen hierdie faktore en die verbruikersaanvaarbaarheid van die laevet-, hoëveselgraanproduk met 'n intermedlere-Gl-waarde, gevind nie.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

De, Klerk Josephine Therese. "Geslagsopvoeding van die Kleurlingkind." Pretoria : [s.n.], 2010. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-06222010-112502.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Tanner, Raymond. "A Role for the Planar Cell Polarity Pathway in Neuronal Positioning Along the AP Axis of C. elegans." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/31521.

Full text
Abstract:
We sought to investigate the role of the Planar Cell Polarity (PCP) pathway in neuronal positioning along the Anterior-Posterior (AP) axis of C. elegans, and chose the worm’s DD-type motor neurons as a model. The six DD neurons (DD1-DD6) are evenly spaced in the ventral nerve cord of wild type animals. Here we showed that mutations in core PCP genes caused DD neuron spacing and positioning defects. prkl-1 double mutant combinations with vang-1 and fmi-1 showed a suppression of the more severe prkl-1 single mutant defects, which was evidence of genetic interactions between these PCP components. We also conducted a candidate screen of Frizzled, Dishevelled, Wnt, and ROCK genes, and found that dsh-1/Dishevelled, mom-2/Wnt and let-502/ROCK also played roles in DD neuronal positioning. Both vang-1 and prkl-1 were found to function within the nervous system to guide DD neuronal positioning, and prkl-1 was further identified as playing a cell autonomous role. The origins of observed DD neuron anterior positioning defects were investigated during embryogenesis, in which 1.5 fold stage prkl-1(ok3182) embryos displayed delayed intercalation of the DD neurons. This represents a novel role for the PCP pathway in mediating DD neuronal intercalation.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Kotze, Gerhardus Cornelis. "Die ontwikkeling van 'n produksiebeplanningsmodel vir die inmaak van appelkose by die vrugte eenheid van Tiger Brands." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/49725.

Full text
Abstract:
Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2002.
Some digitised pages may appear illegible due to the condition of the original hard copy
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The Fruit Unit of Tiger Brands is annually responsible for the canning of 75 000 tons of fruit of which apricots constitutes approximately twenty percent. The canning of apricots is subject to a few unique challenges with regard to production planning. The challenges are the unpredictable fruit sizes, unpredictable fruit quality, unpredictable fruit degradation in cold storage, unknown starting date for production and the uncompromisable end of production before Christmas day. These uncertainties led to the fact that no formal production planning for apricots had been done in the previous years of operation. The primary aim of this study is to reduce the risks with regard to production, apricot size and apricot quality by effectively forecasting the expected nett result thereof. This will quantify the resultant products available to marketing personnel and give a measure to evaluate and control production performance. The problem is addressed by organising and presenting historical data such that forecasts of future outcomes would become possible. Clear trends are present on throughput and fruit degradation over time, making forecasting of these two uncertainties quite simple. The forecasting of fruit size is however more problematic, especially because of the lack of sufficient data. It was proposed that the four main fruit size categories be described by using probability distributions fitted over the actual data of the last four years. The large variation on these distributions, probably caused by the lack of sufficient data, rendered this method unsuitable. It was decided that the best estimate of the percentage of each fruit size to be expected, was the average of the derived distributions. The model constructed of the above forecasts is suitable for the estimating of the quantities of specific products that would be available as output from the production process. The model is however not suitable for the evaluation and control of production processes. It is proposed that evaluation and control of production be achieved by using control charts derived from the same historical data. The production control charts are constructed from actual, cumulative production output from the last four years. Linear regression was done on this data to establish a trend line with two sigma limits plotted on the same chart. These charts could be used effectively to monitor daily production output to establish if the commitment towards marketing would be achieved. The lack of data for analysis puts a question mark on the statistical significance of the model. The model is viewed to be a first step in the elimination of uncertainties of raw materials and production variances by making use of historical performance data. The model and control charts will become more and more statistically significant if future actual performance data is incorporated. The model could also be drastically improved if detailed agricultural models for the prediction of apricot size and quality, based on climatic and soil conditions during the growing period were available. The development of such models could be the subject of future studies.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die Vrugte eenheid van Tiger Brands is jaarliks verantwoordelik vir die inmaak van naastenby 75 000 ton vrugte. Appelkose maak twintig persent van hierdie volume uit. Die inmaak van appelkose is onderhewig aan unieke uitdagings ten opsigte van produksiebeplanning. Die uniekheid is gesetel in die onvoorspelbaarheid van vruggrootte, die jaarlikse verskille in vrugdegradering tydens opberging, die onvoorspelbaarheid van die begindatum van produksie en die absolute vereiste om voor Kersdag produksie te voltooi. Hierdie onvoorspelbaarhede het tot gevolg dat daar tot op hede geen formele produksiebeplanning vir appelkose gedoen is nie. Die primêre doelwit van die studie is om die risiko's ten opsigte van produksie, appelkoosgehalte en appelkoosgrootte te verminder, deur die impak daarvan vooruit te skat. Sodoende sal die produkte wat vir bemarking beskikbaar gestel behoort te word ook beter bekend en beheerbaar wees. Die probleem word aangespreek deur geskiedkundige data sodanig te verwerk en te organiseer dat vooruitskattings daarmee gedoen kan word. Baie duidelike tendense ten opsigte van deurset en vrugdegradering oor tyd is deur middel van die geskiedkundige data waarneembaar, wat vooruitskatting van die twee faktore redelik vergemaklik. Die vooruitskatting van vruggrootte bly egter problematies, veral as gevolg van die gebrekkige geskiedkundige data wat beskikbaar is. Daar is gepoog om die vier gespesifiseerde vruggrootte kategorieë deur middel van waarskynlikheidsverdelings te beskryf, maar die gebrekkige data en groot variasie van die data en verdelings maak die tegniek ongeskik. Gevolglik is daar besluit om slegs die gemiddeld van hierdie verdelings as 'n beste raming te gebruik van die verwagte hoeveelheid van elke vruggrootte. Die model wat uit bogenoemde manipulering van data afgelei word, word gereken geskik te wees vir die raming van hoeveelhede van spesifieke produkte wat vir verkope beskikbaar sal wees. Die model is egter onvoldoende vir produksiebeheer en evaluasie. Produksie evaluasie sal egter met behulp van produksiebeheer kaarte wat ook van geskiedkundige prestasie afgelei is, gedoen word. Die produksiebeheer kaarte is kumulatiewe werklike fabrieksprestasie waardeur 'n regressielyn gepas is, met twee sigma afwykingslyne weerskante van die regressielyn geplot. Hierdie kaarte sal gebruik word om daaglikse produksie prestasie te plot en te interpreteer of die kommitment teenoor bemarkingspersoneel steeds haalbaar sou wees. Die model en die produksiebeheer kaarte is afgelei van slegs vier vorige seisoene se produksiedata. Die tekort aan relevante data plaas die betekenisvolheid van die afleidings dus onder verdenking. Die model en kaarte word beskou as 'n eerste poging om die risiko van grondstof- en produksievariasies te verminder deur die vooruitskatting van die uitsette met behulp van geskiedkundige prestasie. Die model en kaarte sal met die inkorporering van toekomstige seisoenale data meer statisties beduidend word. Die model sou ook verbeter kon word deur detail landboukundige modelle wat appelkoos gehalte en grootte verbind met klimatologiese en grondkundige kondisies tydens die verbouingsproses van die vrugte. Hierdie verbetering word egter voorgestel vir 'n verdere studie onderwerp.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Söderlund, Anna-Karin. "Ekologisk konsumtion : Vanas och kunskapens makt." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Culture and Communication, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-16577.

Full text
Abstract:

Miljöproblemen blir allt mer aktuella, människor blir mer upplysta och utbudet av de ekologiska livsmedlen ökar i butikerna. Allt fler börjar handla ekologiskt, men fortfarande är det merparten som väljer att inte handla ekologiskt trots att de har en positiv inställning till ekologisk konsumtion. För att klargöra vad som ligger bakom konsumentens val av varor intervjuades fyra informanter, två som till vardags handlar ekologiskt och två som handlar konventionellt.  Det finns många anledningar till varför inte konsumenter väljer att handla ekologiskt. När konsumenten står för ett val av vara så är det flera kriterier som spelar in så som kvalitet, hälsa, pris och etiska aspekter. Förutom dessa kriterier så handlar konsumenten utefter vana, kunskap och grupptillhörighet. Det visade sig att de båda ekologiska informanterna hade stor kunskap och engagemang i att handla ekologiskt, och såg det mervärde som ekologiska produkter har, och struntar därför i prisskillnaderna. Informanterna som handlade konventionellt hade inte kunskap om ekologiska varor och såg därmed inte mervärdet i de ekologiska varorna, utan handlade istället utefter vana och kvalitet.

 


These days the environmental problems are getting more in focus and the supply of organic food is increasing in the supermarkets. More people are buying organic food than before but the majority still chooses to buy conventional food despite that they’re often positive towards the organic option. To clarify what lies behind the consumers´ shopping habits I have interviewed four informants. Two who usually buy organic food and two who usually buy conventional food. There are several reasons why the consumer chooses to buy conventional food and not the organic option. When the consumer faces several options there are different factors such as quality, health, prize and ethical aspects that matter. Their existing shopping habits, knowledge and their social identity are also factors that matter. The two ecological consumers had knowledge and interest in organic food and despite the prize difference they appreciated the extra value of it. The conventional consumer lacked knowledge of organic food and didn’t appreciate its advantages. Instead they choose to buy food after their habits and the quality of the products.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Africa, Eileen K. (Eileen Katherine). "'n Opname van die bewegingsontwikkelingskenmerke van grondslagfase leerders in die Stellenbosch omgewing." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/53757.

Full text
Abstract:
Thesis (MScSportSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2004.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Physical activity is an integral part of children's lives. It makes an essential contribution to their physical, psychological and social well-being. Often, it is through movement and active play that children learn to discover themselves. This movement and play sometimes serves as a medium for communication. Unfortunately, various research studies show that children are not active enough and lead ever increasing sedentary lifestyles and these lifestyles lead to various types of hypo-kinetic diseases. Technology, as well as the phasing out of structured physical education in schools, are aspects that are responsible for the decrease in activity levels of children. The primary aim of this study was to determine if present-day children's (Grades 1 - 3) physical abilities have improved or worsened over the years. Movement tests from Katzenellenbogen (1976) were used to test movement abilities of these children. Adapted questionnaires from Van Deventer (1999) were used to construct the lifestyle patterns of learners and to get information concerning movement programmes from teachers at schools. The sample population (N=372) was selected from four schools (two previously disadvantaged and two former Model C schools) in the Stellenbosch area. The tests evaluated, inter alia the following, velocity, velocity and power, power, velocity and accuracy, accuracy and precision. Children from the previously disadvantaged and former Model C schools, as well as age and sex were compared. A comparison with the 1976 study of Katzenellebogen was also done. The latter study only involved girls and was undertaken only at White schools. The coding of the variable data was done in a computer format, coded and statistically analysed. Averages are compared through the Analyses of Variance (ANOVA). From the results of the study, it can be concluded that children at the former Model C schools fared better in most of the tests and it is evident that boys generally are more active than girls. As far as the comparison with the 1976 study is concerned, present-day girls fared worse in almost all the tests. The weight of the 9 year old girls increased by as much as 7.2 kg. This study can therefore be a starting point for further study attempting to combat the tendency of inactivity amongst the youth of today.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Fisieke aktiwiteit is 'n integrale deel van kinders se lewens. Dit maak 'n essensiële bydrae tot hul fisieke, psigologiese en sosiale welstand. Dit is dikwels deur beweging en aktiewe spel wat kinders leer om hulself te ontdek. Hierdie beweging en spel dien ook soms as 'n medium vir kommunikasie. Ongelukkig toon verskeie navorsing dat kinders nie aktief genoeg is nie en al hoe meer sedentêre leefstyle handhaaf, wat lei tot allerhande hipokinetiese siektetoestande. Tegnologie, asook die uitfassering van gestruktureerde Liggaamlike Opvoeding in skole is aspekte wat verantwoordelik gehou word vir die afname in aktiwiteitsvlakke van kinders. Die primêre doel van hierdie studie was om te bepaal of hedendaagse kinders (Graad 1 tot 3) se bewegingsvermoëns oor die jare heen verbeter of verswak het. Bewegingstoetse uit Katzenellenbogen (1976) is gebruik om bewegingsvermoëns van die kinders te toets. Aangepaste vraelyste uit Van Deventer (1999) is gebruik om die leefstylpatrone van leerders vas te stel en om inligting aangaande bewegingsprogramme in die skole by onderwysers te bekom. Die proefpersone (N=372) is uit vier skole (twee voorheenbenadeelde [VB]- en twee voormalige Model-C [VMC]-skole) in die Stellenbosch omgewing geselekteer. Die toetse het die volgende veranderlikes gemeet: snelheid; snelheid en dryfkrag; dryfkrag; snelheid en akkuraatheid; akkuraatheid en presiesheid; getoets. Kinders van VB- en VMC-skole, ouderdomme en geslagte is met mekaar vergelyk. Daar is ook 'n vergelyking met die 1976-studie van Katzenellenbogen getref. Die 1976-studie van Katzenellenbogen het slegs dogters ingesluit en is slegs by Blanke skole onderneem. Die veranderlikes se datametings is in rekenaarformaat gekodeer en statisties verwerk. Gemiddeldes is vergelyk deur middel van analise van variansie (ANOVA). Uit die resultate van die studie kan tot die gevolgtrekking gekom word dat kinders by die VMC-skole beter in meeste van die toetse gevaar het en dit blyk ook dat seuns oor die algemeen meer aktief is as dogters. Wat die vergelyking met die 1976-studie betref, het hedendaagse dogters swakker gevaar in byna al die toetse. Die 9-jarige dogters het ook met soveel as 7.2 kg in gewig vermeerder. Hierdie studie kan dus as 'n beginpunt dien vir verdere studie in 'n poging om die tendens van onaktiwiteit onder vandag se jongmense te bekamp.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Carringer, Malcolm. "Autologous vastransplantation the consequences for fertility, patency and intrinsic neural function : an experimental study in the rat /." Lund : Örebro : Dept. of Clinical Pharmacology, Lund University, Hospital ; Dept. of Urology, Örebro Medical Centre, 1997. http://books.google.com/books?id=daJsAAAAMAAJ.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
More sources

Books on the topic "Ford vans"

1

Rendina, Ralph. Ford vans automotive repair manual. Sparkford Nr Yeovil, Somerset, England: Haynes Publishing Group, 2011.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Rendina, Ralph. Ford vans automotive repair manual. Sparkford, Nr Yeovil, Somerset, England: Haynes Pub. Group, 1995.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

M. S. (Marcus Stewart) Daniels. Ford full-size vans automotive repair manual. Sparkford, Nr Yeovil, Somerset, England: Haynes Pub. Group, 1990.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Choate, Curt. Ford full-size vans automotive repair manual. Sparkford, Nr Yeovil, Somerset, England: Haynes Pub. Group, 1992.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Daniels, M. S. Ford full-size vans: Owners workshop manual. Sparkford Nr Yeovil Somerset England: Haynes Pub. Group, 1986.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Choate, Curt. Ford full-size vans automotive repair manual. Sparkford Nr Yeovil, Somerset, England: Haynes Pub. Group, 2004.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Larry, Warren. Ford Aerostar mini-vans automotive repair manual. Sparkford Nr Yeovil, Somerset, England: Haynes Pub. Group, 1996.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Ford vans automotive repair manual: 1992 through 2012. Newbury Park, CA: Haynes North America, Inc., 2013.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Alan, Ahlstrand, ed. Ford Aerostar mid-size vans, 1986-1988 shop manual. Overland Park, Kan: Clymer Publications, 1989.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

D'Andrea, Nick. Chilton's Ford full size vans, 1961-88 repair manual. Edited by Chilton Book Company. Radnor, Pa: Chilton Book Company, 1997.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
More sources

Book chapters on the topic "Ford vans"

1

Merlino, John, Ian D. Kay, Geoff Coombs, and Silvano Palladino. "Detection of VRE: vanA and vanB Genes by PCR." In PCR for Clinical Microbiology, 415–21. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-9039-3_73.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

van Minnen, Cornelis A. "For Roosevelt and the Arts (1936–1937)." In Van Loon, 161–74. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781403977144_13.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Alvarado, Sonia, César Bonome, and Diego Gonzalez-Rivas. "Anaesthesia for Uniportal VATS." In Atlas of Uniportal Video Assisted Thoracic Surgery, 29–32. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-2604-2_4.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Saggion, Antonio, Rossella Faraldo, and Matteo Pierno. "van der Waals Equation." In UNITEXT for Physics, 139–68. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-26976-0_8.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Burnham, Alan K. "Van Krevelen Diagrams." In Selective Neck Dissection for Oral Cancer, 1–5. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-02330-4_67-1.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Smet, Carl de, and Witold M. Sokolowski. "SMPU Vane for Femto Satellites." In Cold Hibernated Elastic Memory Structure, 249–58. First edition. | Boca Raton, FL : CRC Press/Taylor & Francis Group, 2018.: CRC Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429425950-28.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Gregoric, Igor D. "Triage VADs: TandemHeart, Impella, and CentriMag." In Surgical Treatment for Advanced Heart Failure, 93–107. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-6919-3_8.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Crozier, Andrew J. "The Van Zeeland Report." In Appeasement and Germany’s Last Bid for Colonies, 241–63. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-19255-7_9.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Enns, Richard H., and George McGuire. "Van der Pol Limit Cycle." In Laboratory Manual for Nonlinear Physics with Maple for Scientists and Engineers, 61–64. Boston, MA: Birkhäuser Boston, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-2438-9_12.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Mir, Bashir Ahmed. "Vane Shear Test for Cohesive Soils." In Manual of Geotechnical Laboratory Soil Testing, 267–79. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003200260-13.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Conference papers on the topic "Ford vans"

1

Kelly, Kenneth J., Brent K. Bailey, Timothy C. Coburn, Wendy Clark, Leslie Eudy, and Peter Lissiuk. "FTP Emissions Test Results from Flexible-Fuel Methanol Dodge Spirits and Ford Econoline Vans." In International Fuels & Lubricants Meeting & Exposition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/961090.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Khammas, Farhan Ahmed. "Performance improvement for vane type vertical axis wind turbine with movable vanes." In 2ND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MATERIALS ENGINEERING & SCIENCE (IConMEAS 2019). AIP Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0000312.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Rajoo, Srithar, and R. F. Martinez-Botas. "Lean and Straight Nozzle Vanes in a Variable Geometry Turbine: A Steady and Pulsating Flow Investigation." In ASME Turbo Expo 2008: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2008-50828.

Full text
Abstract:
Variable Geometry Turbines (VGT) are widely used to improve engine-turbocharger matching and currently common in diesel engines. VGT has proven to provide air boost for wide engine speed range as well as reduce turbo-lag. This paper presents the design and experimental evaluation of a variable geometry mixed flow turbocharger turbine. The tests have been carried out with a permanent magnet eddy current dynamometer within a velocity ratio range of 0.47 to 1.09. The peak efficiency of the variable geometry turbine corresponds to vane angle settings between 60° and 65°, for both the lean and straight vanes in the region of 80%. The variable geometry turbine was tested under pulsating flow with straight and lean nozzle vanes for different vane angle settings, 40Hz and 60Hz flow. In general, the range of mass flow parameter is higher in the straight nozzle vanes with an average of 66.4% and 69.7% for 40Hz and 60Hz flow respectively. The straight nozzle vanes also shows increasing pressure ratio range compared to the lean nozzle vanes, which is more apparent in the maximum pressure ratio experienced by the turbine in an unsteady cycle. In overall, the cycle averaged efficiency in the straight vane configuration is marginally higher than the lean vane. Furthermore, the difference to the equivalent quasi-steady is better in the straight vane configuration compared to the lean vane.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Calomino, Anthony, and M. Verrilli. "Ceramic Matrix Composite Vane Subelement Fabrication." In ASME Turbo Expo 2004: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2004-53974.

Full text
Abstract:
Vane subelements were fabricated from a silicon carbide fiber reinforced silicon carbide matrix (SiC/SiC) composite and were coated with an environmental barrier coating (EBC). In order to address realistic critical design features of a turbine airfoil, the vane subelement cross section was derived from an existing production aircraft engine vane. A new fabrication technique has been developed at NASA Glenn Research Center that enables ceramic composite vanes to be constructed using stoichiometric SiC fiber in the form of a two dimensional cloth. A unique woven cloth configuration was used to provide a sharp trailing edge with continuous fiber reinforcement. Fabrication of vanes with a sharp trailing edge was considered to be one of the more challenging features for fabricating a ceramic composite vane. The vanes were densified through the chemical vapor infiltration/slurry cast/silicon melt-infiltration process. Both NDE inspection and metallographic examinations revealed that the final as-fabricated composite quality of the vanes was consistent with that typically obtained for the same composite material fabricated into flat panels. Two vane configurations were fabricated. One consisted of a thin wall (1.5 mm) shell with a continuously reinforced sharp trailing edge. The second vane configuration included a reinforcing web bridging the pressure and suction-side vane walls and the same reinforced sharp trailing edge. This paper will discuss the vane fabrication and characterization efforts.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Srivastava, R., J. Panovsky, R. Kielb, L. Virgin, and K. Ekici. "Non-Linear Flutter in Fan Stator Vanes With Time Dependent Fixity." In ASME Turbo Expo 2010: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2010-22555.

Full text
Abstract:
A new mechanism for fan stator vane failure in turbofan engines at high speed and high loading has been identified and reported in this paper. Highly destructive vane failures have been encountered at Honeywell in one of the development fans with composite stator vanes. Measured data indicated nonlinear high amplitude vibratory response in fan stator vanes on stall side of the fan map at high speeds. Analysis showed that under certain vane steady loading vane fixity at hub could change, significantly reducing the vane natural frequency. At lower natural frequency the vane was found to be aeroelastically unstable and calculated response exhibited behavior observed during failure. An engine test was conducted to validate the role of hub fixity in vane failures. Test results showed failure to be a self-excited phenomenon and not driven by an external source of excitation. It was also shown that failures occur in vanes that are not rigidly fixed, validating the role of hub fixity in vane failures. Test results along with the analysis confirm the role of time dependent hub fixity leading to the highly destructive flutter responsible for vane failures.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Rosic, Budimir, John D. Denton, John H. Horlock, and Sumiu Uchida. "Integrated Combustor and Vane Concept in Gas Turbines." In ASME Turbo Expo 2010: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2010-23170.

Full text
Abstract:
This paper numerically investigates the interaction between multiple can combustors and the first vane in an industrial gas turbine with 16 can combustors and 32 vanes in order to find ways of reducing the overall cooling requirements. Two promising concepts for the overall cooling reduction are presented. In the first, by minimising the axial distance between the combustor wall and the vane, the stagnation region at the LE of every second vane can be effectively shielded from the hot mainstream gases. The LE shielding allows continuous cooling slots to be used (as an alternative to discrete cooling holes) to cool downstream parts of the vane using a portion of the saved LE showerhead cooling air. The second concept proposes a full combustor and first vane integration. In this novel concept the number of vanes is halved and the combustor walls are used to assist the flow turning. All remaining vanes are fully integrated into the combustor walls. In this way the total wetted area of the integrated system is reduced, and by shielding the LEs of the remaining vanes the total amount of cooling air can be reduced. The proposed combustor and first vane integration does not detrimentally affect the aerodynamics of the combustor and vane system. The concept also simplifies the design and should lower the manufacturing costs.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Wenglarz, Richard A., and Ken Kouns. "Ceramic Vanes for a Model 501-K Industrial Turbine Demonstration." In ASME Turbo Expo 2000: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/2000-gt-0073.

Full text
Abstract:
First-stage ceramic vanes and their metallic mounts have been designed and fabricated for retrofit into Rolls-Royce Allison Model 501-K turbines. Thermal shock tests of the AS 800 ceramic vanes were conducted using a combustor rig. The ceramic vanes and mounts were then successfully operated in a Model 501-KB5 turbine during engine proof tests for a total of 22 hr. After inspection of the ceramic vane assembly, the turbine was reassembled and shipped to an Exxon natural gas processing plant near Mobile, AL, for the first phase of a field demonstration. The Model 501-KB5 turbine experienced the rigors of commercial operation, including an emergency shutdown (unrelated to the ceramic vane assembly) and a full power water wash. No forced shutdowns associated with the ceramic vanes were experienced. Successful operation for 815 hr (793 hr at Exxon and 22 hr engine proof test) was achieved for the Model 501-KB5 turbine with first-stage ceramic vanes during which the engine sustained power and performance. Analyses of the vanes revealed ceramic oxidation rates that are excessive for industrial turbine applications. A second phase of the ceramic vane demonstration is planned to evaluate environmental barrier coatings (EBCs) to inhibit ceramic oxidation rates.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Boyle, Robert J., Ankur H. Parikh, Michael C. Halbig, and Vinod K. Nagpal. "Design Considerations for Ceramic Matrix Composite Vanes for High Pressure Turbine Applications." In ASME Turbo Expo 2013: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2013-95104.

Full text
Abstract:
Issues associated with replacing conventional metallic vanes with Ceramic Matrix Composite(CMC) vanes in the first stage of the High Pressure Turbine(HPT) are explored. CMC materials have higher temperature capability than conventional HPT vanes, and less vane cooling is required. The benefits of less vane coolant are less NOx production and improved vane efficiency. Comparisons between CMC and metal vanes are made at current rotor inlet temperatures and at an vane inlet pressure of 50 atm.. CMC materials have directionally dependent strength characteristics, and vane designs must accommodate these characteristics. The benefits of reduced NOx and improved cycle efficiency obtainable from using CMC vanes. are quantified Results are given for vane shapes made of a two dimensional CMC weave. Stress components due to thermal and pressure loads are shown for all configurations. The effects on stresses of: (1) a rib connecting vane pressure and suction surfaces; (2) variation in wall thickness; and (3) trailing edge region cooling options are discussed. The approach used to obtain vane temperature distributions is discussed. Film cooling and trailing edge ejection were required to avoid excessive vane material temperature gradients. Stresses due to temperature gradients are sometimes compressive in regions where pressure loads result in high tensile stresses.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Povey, T., T. V. Jones, and M. L. G. Oldfield. "On a Novel Annular Sector Cascade Technique." In ASME Turbo Expo 2004: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2004-53904.

Full text
Abstract:
An advanced technique for establishing pressure boundary conditions in annular sector cascade experiments has been developed. This novel technique represents an improvement over previous methods, and provides the first means by which annular sector boundary conditions that are representative of those which develop in an annular cascade can be established with a high degree of satisfaction. The technique will enable cascade designers to exploit the obvious advantages of annular sector cascade testing: the reduced cost of both facility manufacture and facility operation, and the use of engine parts in place of two-dimensional counterparts. By employing an annular sector of deswirl vanes downstream of the annular sector of test vanes, the radial pressure gradient established in the swirling flow downstream of the test vanes is not disturbed. The deswirl vane exit-flow — which has zero swirl velocity — can be exhausted without unsteadiness, and without the risk of separation, into a plenum at constant pressure. The pressure ratio across the annular sector of test vanes can be tuned by adjusting the throat area at the deswirl vane exit plane. Flow conditioning systems which utilise the Oxford deswirl vane technology have previouly been used to set pressure boundary conditions downstream of fully annular cascades in both model and engine-scale (the Isentropic Light Piston Facility at Farnborough) experimental research facilities (Povey et al. [1, 2]). The deswirl vane is particularly suited to the control of highly whirling transonic flows. It has been demonstrated by direct comparison of aerodynamic measurements from fully annualr and annular sector experiments that the use of a deswirl vane sector for flow conditioning at the exit of an annular sector cascade represents an attractive novel solution to the boundary condition problem. The annular sector technique is now described.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Bohn, Dieter, Andreas Wolff, Michael Wolff, and Karsten Kusterer. "Experimental and Numerical Investigation of a Steam-Cooled Vane." In ASME Turbo Expo 2002: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2002-30210.

Full text
Abstract:
Closed circuit steam cooling of blades and vanes in modern gas turbines is a promising alternative to film-cooling using compressor air. This technology is becoming part of commercial gas turbines in combination with a steam turbine cycle. There is still a great demand for further development of steam-cooled vanes and blades. Thus, detailed experimental and numerical investigations of the thermal load of a steam-cooled test vane are the main topic of the paper presented. An experimental test rig has been set up, which consists of a rectangular duct containing a three-vane cascade. The central vane can be convectively cooled by supplying steam or compressor air to 22 straight radial cooling passages. The surface temperatures of the cooled vane are measured by application of temperature sensors and a thermographic visualization technique. For the present configuration sufficient cooling can be achieved for the main body of the vane, but, high thermal load has been detected in the thin trailing edge region. A parametric study of steam supply conditions has been performed. The measurements are used to create a data base for steam-cooled vanes, which can serve for the validation of numerical codes. The experimental investigations are accompanied by 3-D numerical investigations using the conjugate calculation technique. That means, the external hot gas flow and the steam flow in the cooling tubes are calculated directly coupled to the vane solid body, which is also part of the calculation. Thus, numerical prediction of the temperature field in the vane solid body is possible. The numerical results are in accordance with the experimental data although the external walls of the duct have been prescribed as adiabatic walls. The results show also a very high thermal load at the trailing edge.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Reports on the topic "Ford vans"

1

Moon, Hyungsik Roger, Frank Schorfheide, Eleonora Granziera, and Mihye Lee. Inference for VARs Identified with Sign Restrictions. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, June 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w17140.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Fernandez-Villaverde, Jesus, Juan Rubio-Ramirez, and Thomas Sargent. A, B, C's (and D)'s for Understanding VARs. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, June 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/t0308.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Elissen, H. J. H., and R. Y. van der WIede. Productie van zoutwateralgen voor toepassingen in food (en feed) deelrapport I : Werkpakketten 1&2 van project Foodgrade productie van zoutwateralgen: deelrapport I: Achtergrondinformatie zoutwateralgen: selectie van soorten en omgevingsomstandigheden. Lelystad: ACRRES - Wageningen UR, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18174/440356.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Nix, Andrew Carl. Experimental Investigation of Turbine Vane Heat Transfer for Alternative Fuels. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1173293.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Parker, M. J., and M. Heverly. A new wind vane for the measurement of atmospheric turbulence. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/543673.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Reynolds, John G. Background information for Van Aken on testing of NESTT product. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1335792.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Elissen, H. J. H., S. Gaastra, and R. Y. van der Weide. Productie van zoutwateralgen voor toepassingen in food (en feed) deelrapport II : Werkpakketten 1&2 van project Foodgrade productie van zoutwateralgen: deelrapport II: Batchexperimenten met zoute reststromen en verschillende mariene algensoorten. Wageningen: ACRRES - Wageningen UR, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18174/440532.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Sheldon, Tamara, and Rubal Dua. How cost-effective are electric vehicle subsidies in reducing tailpipe-CO2 emissions? King Abdullah Petroleum Studies and Research Center, June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30573/ks--2021-dp07.

Full text
Abstract:
The transportation sector accounts for 24% of global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions (IEA 2020). Road transport is the most utilized mode because of its convenience (Van Essen 2008). However, it is also the most emissions intensive mode, accounting for 75% of global transport GHG emissions, with roughly 44% coming from road passenger vehicles alone (IEA 2020).
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Duda, L. E. User manual for CSP{_}VANA: A check standards measurement and database program for microwave network analyzers. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/541945.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Binden, P. J. Conceptual design of a sodium sulfur cell for US electric-van batteries. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10178391.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
We offer discounts on all premium plans for authors whose works are included in thematic literature selections. Contact us to get a unique promo code!

To the bibliography