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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Foregut Development'

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Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 11 February 2022

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1

Ioannides, Adonis. "Mechanisms of foregut development and malformations." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2005. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1444747/.

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Oesophageal atresia (OA) and tracheo-oesophageal fistula (TOF) are important human malformations of the foregut, the development of which is poorly understood. In this thesis, the mechanisms that underlie the development of OA/TOF, as well as normal tracheo-oesophageal development, were investigated. The rat model of OA/TOF, based on exposure of embryos to the anticancer agent Adriamycin, was adapted to the mouse in order to allow more in depth study of the cellular and molecular events that underlie the malformations. The Adriamycin-treated mouse was shown to have persistence of an undivided foregut at El 1.5, in contrast to saline controls in which the foregut was in the process of separating into a ventral structure (trachea) and a dorsal structure (oesophagus). This failure of tracheo-oesophageal separation was also a feature of the Sonic hedgehog (Shh) null mutant mouse. The study of the respiratory marker Nkx2.1 confirmed that the foregut normally divides along the dorsoventral boundary of respiratory/ gastrointestinal specification and that the fundamental defect in both the Adriamycin-treated and Shh null mutant mice is persistence of an undivided foregut in which both the respiratory and gastrointestinal lineages are represented, with a preservation of the dorsoventral pattern of expression of that marker. The study of expression of Shh showed this to have a dorsoventral pattern that was closely related to the separation boundary and which changed as separation progressed. Moreover, this dorsoventral expression pattern was disturbed in those Adriamycin-treated embryos that had failed to separate the trachea and oesophagus. The process of tracheo-oesophageal separation was also found to be associated with a distinct pattern of programmed cell death (PCD) in the dorsal foregut and at the dorsoventral boundary. PCD cells were present before any morphological evidence of separation, suggesting a possible role for PCD in controlling the separation process. When a PCD inhibitor was applied to an in vitro, whole embryo, culture system, the process of tracheo-oesophageal separation was arrested, suggesting that PCD is a requirement and not just a consequence of separation.

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2

Zhang, Zheng. "Function of Frizzled-7/Syndecan-4 Signaling in Foregut Organ Development." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1428653451.

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3

Han, Lu. "Functions of Zinc-finger Transcription Factors Gli and Osr during Foregut Development in Mouse." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1504871878955264.

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4

Rosains, Jacqueline. "Modulation of pha-4/FoxA and C. elegans Foregut Development by the Novel Gene smg-8." Thesis, Harvard University, 2012. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:10379.

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FoxA transcription factors are central regulators of gut development in all species. In C. elegans, pha-4/FoxA is necessary to generate cells of the foregut, or pharynx. FoxA factors need to be precisely regulated for proper development, yet we know very little about FoxA regulation. To look for potential genes that act as pha-4 regulators, the Mango lab previously conducted two screens for suppressors of the lethality associated with a partial loss of pha-4 activity. Both screens uncovered smg-8, a novel gene that is highly conserved amongst metazoans. Interestingly, the human homolog of smg-8 is amplified in some breast cancers, which also depend on FoxA1. This observation makes smg-8 a very exciting gene to investigate. The goal of my thesis is to analyze smg-8 to better understand its function and potential role as a candidate regulator of pha-4/FoxA, using C. elegans as a model system. In this thesis, I show that C. elegans smg-8 does not have a role in the Nonsense Mediated Decay pathway. I find that smg-8 modulates pha-4 protein levels during embryonic development. This work is the first direct evidence that smg-8 is a modulator of pha-4. I used biochemical and bioinformatic approaches to uncover possible partners of smg-8. These approaches identified several interesting candidates that will help place C. elegans smg-8 in a functional pathway. This work has expanded our understanding of smg-8 function and lays the foundation for further investigation of the role of this novel gene as a regulator of pha-4/FoxA in C. elegans.

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5

Stevens, Mariana L. "Genomic integration of Wnt/β-catenin and BMP/Smad1 signaling coordinates digestive system development." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1490352976010044.

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6

Trisno, Stephen L. "Modeling esophageal development and disease in mice and in human pluripotent stem cell-derived organoids." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1539080161314324.

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7

Lim, Sang Seop. "Development of forest aesthetic indicators in sustainable forest management standards." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/42871.

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Forest aesthetic indicators are an important aspect of the social component of sustainable forest management (SFM) standards. However, SFM standards have few aesthetic indicators, especially at an international level. A possible reason for this is that public awareness of forest aesthetic values has often been regarded as unscientific or even contradictory to the ecological knowledge of forestry experts and that aesthetic values vary according to the cultural backgrounds of the individuals involved in any assessment. In response to the current lack of aesthetic indicators in SFM standards, several questions have been raised: (1) Does the public think forest aesthetic values are important and to what degree in terms of SFM, (2) Is there any consensus on the aesthetic values among the public and between the public and forestry experts, (3) Are there any differences in perspectives on the absence of aesthetic considerations in SFM standards between the experts participating in the creation and revision of SFM C&I and experts in the fields of forest aesthetics, and (4) How can aesthetic values be effectively and efficiently assessed? In order to address these questions, three surveys were conducted involving the public and experts in four countries. The survey revealed no significant differences in priorities for forest aesthetic values amongst selected groups of public respondents in Korea, China, Japan and Canada. However, significant differences existed between forestry experts and the public. Forest aesthetic values were rated as relatively important by the general public, but both types of experts generally rated the importance of aesthetics higher than did the public. Three major reasons for the lack of aesthetic indicators were provided by the SFM and aesthetic experts: a lack of aesthetic training amongst those designing criteria and indicators; a bias against aesthetics, which are often considered to be highly subjective; and the general omission of people with knowledge of aesthetics during the development of SFM standards. Ten possible aesthetic indicators that could be used in future SFM schemes were developed in this study. The indicators presented here and the direct involvement of aesthetic experts would improve the ability of current SFM frameworks to balance effectively social, environmental and economic values.

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8

Kearns, Nicola A. "Generation of Pharyngeal Foregut Endoderm from Pluripotent Stem Cells." eScholarship@UMMS, 2017. https://escholarship.umassmed.edu/gsbs_diss/908.

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The pharyngeal foregut endoderm (PFE) gives rise to several important organs including the thyroid, thymus and parathyroid glands. In mice and humans, defects in the development of PFE can lead to thymic aplasia and aberrations in thymic epithelial cell (TEC) function can lead to immunodeficiency or autoimmune disease. Successful differentiation of pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) to PFE could provide a renewable cell source that enables the study of human diseases that originate in the PFE. Here, I identify signaling pathways that influence the differentiation of PSCs to PFE. Firstly, using a novel mouse reporter PSC line we develop a protocol that generates a Pax9 expressing population that is enriched for PFE markers and upon transplantation can form organized epithelial structures. However, since this protocol was inefficient for human PSCs, we subsequently identified additional signaling pathways required for the efficient generation of human PFE and determined a key role for retinoic acid. Upon transplantation, the human PFE gives rise to TECs, a ventral PFE derivative. Finally, to facilitate future investigation into the gene regulatory networks in PFE, we develop a CRISPR-effector system to modulate endogenous gene expression in PSCs. We demonstrate that developmentally relevant genes can be repressed or induced, thereby influencing the cellular state. These data present strategies to generate cells of the PFE lineage from PSCs, facilitating the production of cells for patient-specific disease modeling or cell replacement therapies, and a method to interrogate gene and regulatory element function in PFE and its derivatives.

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9

Poff, Boris, and Aregai Tecle. "Soil Water Impacts from Forest Treatment to Prevent Catastrophic Wildfires in a Ponderosa Pine Forest Ecosystem." Arizona-Nevada Academy of Science, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/296622.

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10

Gamser, M. S. "Innovation, user participation, and forest energy development." Thesis, University of Sussex, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.375856.

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The thesis examines the process of technical change in industrialized and developing country situations, and extracts lessons from this analysis for the design and implementation of forest energy development programmes. It notes how the role of technology users is of great importance in innovation" whether this process involves "high technology" development in large, competitive firms, or "appropriate technology" development to meet basic needs in poor, rural communiti~s. In reviewing the results of the past ten years of work in renewable energy programmes in developing nations, it finds that a major factor in the poor performance of such work is the lack of provision for user participation in innovation. Forest energy development programmes, which have been an important part of renewable energy development assistance, also have suffered from this insufficient attention to technology users. It is postulated that new approaches to forest energy development that provide for a more interactive relationship between R&D establishments and technology Llsers will have greater. success in bringing about innovations in this sector. The experience of charcoal production, charcoal stove, and forestry development under the Sudan Renewable Energy Project, supported by the Sudan Energy Research Council and the US Agency for International Development, demonstrates the positive results of just this sort of interactive innovation strategy. The SREP, in its ~ priori commitment to user participation, uncovers valuable resources of indigenous technical knowledge and skills, which play an integral part in the design and dissemination of these 3 forest energy technologies. The project's success provides an empirical justification of the importance of technology users to the innovation process, and its example h~s larger implications for renewable energy development, government R&D management, and development assistance policy.

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11

Perez-Verdin, Gustavo, and Aregai Tecle. "Multiobjective Forest Management in San Miguel, Mexico." Arizona-Nevada Academy of Science, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/296592.

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12

Lefevre, Robert E. "Riparian Forests of the Coronado National Forest." Arizona-Nevada Academy of Science, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/296638.

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13

Orlando, Heloisa Helena R. V. "The fragmented forest : environmental conservation and legal protection in reserve areas in the Brazilian Amazon rain forest." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.284285.

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14

Ffolliott, Peter F., D. Phillip Guertin, and William O. Rasmussen. "A Model of Snowpack Dynamics in Forest Openings." Arizona-Nevada Academy of Science, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/296407.

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From the Proceedings of the 1988 Meetings of the Arizona Section - American Water Resources Association and the Hydrology Section - Arizona-Nevada Academy of Science - April 16, 1988, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona

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15

Fenner, Patti R. "RIPARIAN PHOTOPOINT PROGRAM ON THE TONTO NATIONAL FOREST." Arizona-Nevada Academy of Science, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/621695.

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Permanent riparian photopoints (repeat photography of streamside points) are a widely used monitoring method for situations where there are many streams to monitor, and little time to do it. They often display dramatic changes in these dynamic ecosystems – changes that are brought about by management of permitted and non-permitted activities, flood, drought, and fire. Most of all, they help us to learn more about the relationship of riparian areas to uplands, and how riparian ecosystems function.

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16

Farnden, Craig. "Development of regeneration standards for sustainable forest management." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/23633.

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Linking regeneration activities to desired future forest conditions is a critical component of sustainable forest management. In much of North America, regeneration standards are an important administrative tool for ensuring this goal, but the links to predicted future outcomes are often weak. There is a need for developing regeneration standards that are solidly based on defensible predictions of future stand attributes and are indicators of a wide range of forest values. This dissertation describes the application of an analysis framework wherein many variations of simulated juvenile stand stem maps are used as the basis for regeneration standards development. The simulated stem maps were generated at the scale of operational cutting units using newly developed software routines. Spatial variation was emphasized at the scale of 5 to 200 m, reflecting underlying terrain and ecosystem patterns. The simulated stands were projected into the future using existing growth models, and sampled using simulated regeneration surveys. Simplified models to mimic predictions of selected stand attributes from the growth models were developed using survey summary data as predictor variables. The analysis system was applied to test relationships between various measures of stocking and yield for conifer monocultures. For the predictive relationships, curve shape and dispersion were found to be highly variable based on various stocking measurement parameters. Stocking was found to imperfectly account for spatial variation in the regenerating stand, and stocking thresholds for achieving a specific relative yield were found to vary by species and the top height at which relative yield was assessed. A second analysis developed simplified models to evaluate the contribution of regenerated stands to landscape level species composition in a vertically stratified, spruce-aspen (Picea glauca and Populus tremuloides) forest type. Various field assessment methods and model formulations were contrasted. Site index was found to have a major impact on absolute yield and on the curve shape for relationships between stocking and species composition. This dissertation provides a greater understanding of how to develop, interpret and apply regeneration standards. Relating standards and assessment methods to forest-level management goals provides a key link that is often missing in stand-level regeneration assessments.

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17

Shrestha, Neeru. "Forest control, development and state formation in Nepal." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape2/PQDD_0016/NQ57370.pdf.

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18

Brown, Ian K. "Wisconsin statewide urban forest assessment : development and implementation /." Link to full text, 2007. http://epapers.uwsp.edu/thesis/2007/Brown.pdf.

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19

Johnson, Steven. "Modelling regional forest industry development in New Zealand." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Forestry, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/7203.

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Planning to link resources, production and markets for the forest sector is characterised by diverse and scattered elements which need to be analysed over long time spans. A wood processing planning model (WPPM), emphasising primary processing at the regional level, has been developed as part of an ongoing programme of forest sector modelling research. The need for such an approach is apparent in the New Zealand industry, where the benefits of formal and end-directed sector planning could be very substantial, particularly in view of the imminent increases in wood supplies. Existing models and modelling efforts in New Zealand and worldwide have not, in general, addressed the specific problems of forest industry strategic planning. They do not adopt an integrated approach to using and growing the resource. Models which incorporate considerations of processing are often over-generalised, or restricted in the time dimension, thus reducing their utility in strategic planning applications. WPPM is formulated as a mixed integer linear program for optimising regional economic benefits from wood processing, with constraints on resource inputs, productive capacities, markets and capital availability, amongst others. Capacity changes are restricted to discrete step sizes in the model, a feature adding to its realism and found in few other applications. Model size is determined by the objective(s) of the user; WPPM can cater for all planning levels from single mills to regional sector analysis. The model structure, function and capability are outlined using a sectoral analysis of the Canterbury region as an example. The results of this analysis, although indicative only, provide insights into likely industrial development which would benefit the region, along with a wealth of information on future "optimal" production levels and sales. The results for the initial planning periods of this case study (1988 and 1989) are compared with the actual state of the regional industry in this period, allowing a limited verification of the modelling system. While these results show that the model captures the dynamics of the region's wood processing sector well, full verification of WPPM will require more extensive use and testing over a range of different objectives.

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20

Williams, Mathew. "Development of a spatially explicit forest succession model." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.386078.

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21

Dalberg, Terry, and Felix Svensson. "Forest Cover and Economic Development : A cross-country study on the relationship between forest cover and economic development in South America." Thesis, Jönköping University, IHH, Nationalekonomi, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-53087.

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Ongoing deforestation is an urgent, global issue with both direct and indirect impacts on a nation’s future development. This as change in forest cover and economic development provides an intuitive link between each other. Deforestation is driven by the expectations of economic return through exploitation of natural resources in search for economic development. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship between change in forest cover and economic development in South America between 1991 and 2019. Even if deforestation is considered widely studied, it remains an empirical question how it relates to economic development. This study uses the framework of Environmental Kuznets Curve for Deforestation (EKCD), an economic theory which suggest that economic development has an inverted U-shaped relationship with deforestation. By using a fixed effect model, we find evidence of a U-shaped relationship between forest cover and income (GDP per capita). Our results indicate that a country’s forest cover decline as income raises until a turning point is reached, after which forest cover increases together with advancing economic development. Hence, provide empirical evidence of the existence of a U-shaped EKCD in South America. Furthermore, the study is conducted using average data and the turning point therefore is also an average for the continent

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22

Tecle, A., D. P. Dykstra, W. W. Covington, and L. D. Garrett. "Proposed Methodology for Soil Loss Prediction from Southwestern Forest." Arizona-Nevada Academy of Science, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/296446.

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From the Proceedings of the 1990 Meetings of the Arizona Section - American Water Resources Association and the Hydrology Section - Arizona-Nevada Academy of Science - April 21, 1990, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona

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23

Lefevre, Robert E. "A Contrast Among National Forest Watershed Programs: 1978-2008." Arizona-Nevada Academy of Science, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/296686.

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24

Gottfried, Gerald J., and Daniel G. Neary. "THE SIERRA ANCHA EXPERIMENTAL FOREST, ARIZONA: A BRIEF HISTORY." Arizona-Nevada Academy of Science, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/621696.

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The availability of adequate and reliable water supplies has always been a critical concern in central Arizona since prehistoric times. The early European settlers in 1868 initially utilized the ancient Hohokam Indian canal system which drew water from the Salt River. However, the river fluctuated with periods of drought and periods of high flows which destroyed the diversion structures. The settlers proposed a dam to store water and to regulate flows. In 1903, the Salt River Water Users Association was formed and an agreement was reached with the U.S. Government for the construction of a dam on the Salt River at its junction with Tonto Creek. The Salt River drains more than 4,306 square miles (mi2) from the White Mountains of eastern Arizona to the confluence with Tonto Creek. Tonto Creek drains a 1,000-mi2 watershed above the confluence. The agreement was authorized under the Reclamation Act of 1902. The Theodore Roosevelt Dam was started in 1905, completed in 1911, and dedicated in 1911 (Salt River Project 2002). The dam has the capacity to store 2.9 million acre-feet (af) of water. However, between 1909 and 1925, 101,000 af of sediment were accumulated behind Roosevelt Dam (Rich 1961). Much of it came from erosion on the granitic soils from the chaparral lands above the reservoir, and much of the erosion was blamed on overgrazing by domestic livestock. Water users were concerned that accelerated sedimentation would eventually compromise the capacity of the dam to hold sufficient water for downstream demands. The Tonto National Forest was originally created to manage the watershed above Roosevelt Dam and to prevent siltation. The Summit Plots, located between Globe, Arizona, and Lake Roosevelt were established in 1925 by the U.S. Department of Agriculture to study the effects of vegetation recovery, mechanical stabilization, and plant cover changes on stormflows and sediment yields from the lower chaparral zone (Rich 1961). The area initially was part of the Crook National Forest which was later added to the Tonto National Forest. The Summit Watersheds consisted of nine small watersheds ranging in size from 0.37 to 1.23 acres (ac). Elevations are between 3,636 and 3,905 feet (ft). The treatments included: exclusion of livestock and seeding grasses, winter grazing, hardware cloth check dams, grubbing brush, sloping gullies and grass seeding. Protection from grazing did not pro duce changes in runoff or sedimentation. Treatments that reduced surface runoff also reduced erosion. Hardware cloth check dams reduce total erosion, and mulch plus grass treatments checked erosion and sediment movement. Runoff was reduced by the combined treatments (Rich 1961). The Summit Watersheds were integrated into the Parker Creek Erosion-Streamflow Station in 1932.

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25

Holmgren, Eva. "Forest commons in boreal Sweden aims and outcomes on forest condition and rural development /." Umeå : Dept. of Forest Resource Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2009. http://epsilon.slu.se/200996.pdf.

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26

DeBano, Leonard F., and Malchus B. Jr Baker. "Runoff and Erosion from Hydrophobic Forest Soils During Simulated Rainfall." Arizona-Nevada Academy of Science, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/296500.

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27

Koestner, Karen A., Daniel G. Neary, and Gerald J. Gottfried. "Comparing Bedload Conditions in the Cascabel Watersheds, Coronado National Forest." Arizona-Nevada Academy of Science, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/296675.

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28

Tecle, Aregai, and Shafiu Jibrin. "Incorporating Fuzzy Logic and Stochastic Processes into Multiobjective Forest Management." Arizona-Nevada Academy of Science, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/296992.

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29

Kenefic, Laura. "Leaf Area, Stemwood Volume Growth, and Stand Structure in a Mixed-Species, Multi-Aged Northern Conifer Forest." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2000. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/KeneficLS2000.pdf.

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30

Adesam, Yvonne. "The Multilingual Forest : Investigating High-quality Parallel Corpus Development." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för lingvistik, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-79076.

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This thesis explores the development of parallel treebanks, collections of language data consisting of texts and their translations, with syntactic annotation and alignment, linking words, phrases, and sentences to show translation equivalence. We describe the semi-manual annotation of the SMULTRON parallel treebank, consisting of 1,000 sentences in English, German and Swedish. This description is the starting point for answering the first of two questions in this thesis. What issues need to be considered to achieve a high-quality, consistent,parallel treebank? The units of annotation and the choice of annotation schemes are crucial for quality, and some automated processing is necessary to increase the size. Automatic quality checks and evaluation are essential, but manual quality control is still needed to achieve high quality. Additionally, we explore improving the automatically created annotation for one language, using information available from the annotation of the other languages. This leads us to the second of the two questions in this thesis. Can we improve automatic annotation by projecting information available in the other languages? Experiments with automatic alignment, which is projected from two language pairs, L1–L2 and L1–L3, onto the third pair, L2–L3, show an improvement in precision, in particular if the projected alignment is intersected with the system alignment. We also construct a test collection for experiments on annotation projection to resolve prepositional phrase attachment ambiguities. While majority vote projection improves the annotation, compared to the basic automatic annotation, using linguistic clues to correct the annotation before majority vote projection is even better, although more laborious. However, some structural errors cannot be corrected by projection at all, as different languages have different wording, and thus different structures.
I denna doktorsavhandling utforskas skapandet av parallella trädbanker. Dessa är språkliga data som består av texter och deras översättningar, som har märkts upp med syntaktisk information samt länkar mellan ord, fraser och meningar som motsvarar varandra i översättningarna. Vi beskriver den delvis manuella uppmärkningen av den parallella trädbanken SMULTRON, med 1.000 engelska, tyska och svenska meningar. Denna beskrivning är utgångspunkt för att besvara den första av två frågor i avhandlingen. Vilka frågor måste beaktas för att skapa en högkvalitativ parallell trädbank? De enheter som märks upp samt valet av uppmärkningssystemet är viktiga för kvaliteten, och en viss andel automatisk bearbetning är nödvändig för att utöka storleken. Automatiska kvalitetskontroller och automatisk utvärdering är av vikt, men viss manuell granskning är nödvändig för att uppnå hög kvalitet. Vidare utforskar vi att använda information som finns i uppmärkningen, för att förbättra den automatiskt skapade uppmärkningen för ett annat språk. Detta leder oss till den andra av de två frågorna i avhandlingen. Kan vi förbättra automatisk uppmärkning genom att överföra information som finns i de andra språken? Experimenten visar att automatisk länkning som överförs från två språkpar, L1–L2 och L1–L3, till det tredje språkparet, L2–L3, får förbättrad precision, framför allt för skärningspunkten mellan den överförda länkningen och den automatiska länkningen. Vi skapar även en testsamling för experiment med överföring av uppmärkning för att lösa upp strukturella flertydigheter hos prepositionsfraser. Överföring enligt majoritetsprincipen förbättrar uppmärkningen, jämfört med den grundläggande automatiska uppmärkningen, men att använda språkliga ledtrådar för att korrigera uppmärkningen innan majoritetsöverföring är ännu bättre, om än mer arbetskrävande. Vissa felaktiga strukturer kan dock inte korrigeras med hjälp av överföring, eftersom de olika språken använder olika formuleringar, och därmed har olika strukturer.

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Crespo, Cuaresma Jesus, Olha Danylo, Steffen Fritz, Ian McCallum, Michael Obersteiner, Linda See, and Brian Walsh. "Economic Development and Forest Cover: Evidence from Satellite Data." SpringerNature, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/srep40678.

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Ongoing deforestation is a pressing, global environmental issue with direct impacts on climate change, carbon emissions, and biodiversity. There is an intuitive link between economic development and overexploitation of natural resources including forests, but this relationship has proven difficult to establish empirically due to both inadequate data and convoluting geo-climactic factors. In this analysis, we use satellite data on forest cover along national borders in order to study the determinants of deforestation differences across countries. Controlling for trans-border geo-climactic differences, we find that income per capita is the most robust determinant of differences in cross-border forest cover. We show that the marginal effect of per capita income growth on forest cover is strongest at the earliest stages of economic development, and weakens in more advanced economies, presenting some of the strongest evidence to date for the existence of at least half of an environmental Kuznets curve for deforestation.

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Crespo, Cuaresma Jesus, Olha Danylo, Steffen Fritz, Ian McCallum, Michael Obersteiner, and Linda See. "Economic Development and Forest Cover: Evidence from Satellite Data." WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2016. http://epub.wu.ac.at/4823/1/wp215.pdf.

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We use satellite data on forest cover along national borders in order to study the determinants of deforestation differences across countries. We combine the forest cover information with data on homogeneous response units, which allow us to control for cross-country geoclimatic differences when assessing the drivers of deforestation. Income per capita appears to be the most robust determinant of differences in cross-border forest cover and our results present evidence of the existence of decreasing effects of income on forest cover as economic development progresses.(authors' abstract)
Series: Department of Economics Working Paper Series

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33

Jaung, Wanggi. "Certification of forest ecosystem services: concept, development, and application." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/60915.

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Although forests provide various ecosystem services that support human welfare, forest ecosystems have undergone continuous degradation. To mitigate forest loss from illegal logging, forest certification was launched in the early-1990s, and the interest in certification has been expanding in scope from timber to a range of ecosystem services for a complete approach to sustainable forest management. This thesis defines such a certification scheme as the certification of forest ecosystem services (CFES). In the first part, I propose a conceptual framework for CFES and argue that a key function of the certification system is to disclose information on the provision of ecosystem services to the market. This function distinguishes CFES from forest certification and may support improvements of market-based policy instruments for ecosystem services (Chapter 2). The second part examines the possible development of CFES as an expansion of the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) system, and analyzes the key FSC stakeholders, including certification bodies, enabling partners, and certificate holders. Their adaptability to ecosystem services was relatively high for biodiversity conservation, carbon storage, and non-timber forest products (Chapter 3). The adaptability also indicated that watershed and soil conservation services could be bundled to reduce the costs of certifying each service (Chapter 4). The FSC certificate holders preferred CFES that offers a price premium, technical training for forest owners, and/or access to global service markets, but their willingness to pay was low (Chapter 5). The third part focuses on applying CFES to a payment for watershed services in West Lombok, Indonesia. Service buyers, sellers, and intermediaries perceived certification as a potential tool to improve watershed management (Chapter 6). Buyers demanded certified services that disclose water quality, flood risk, and/or environmental and social forest safeguards (Chapter 7).
Forestry, Faculty of
Graduate

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Trivedi, S. N. "Utility-based social shadow pricing and its comparison with other evaluation techniques : A cost-benefit study of fuelwood plantations in Bihar, India." Thesis, Bangor University, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.384107.

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Lema, Ufoo Christopher. "Forest resource management for sustainable development : a case of Mount Meru Forest Reserve in Northern Tanzania." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/13885.

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Bibliography: p. 155-161.
Management systems as applied to most of the world's tropical forests are anthropocentric. In view of this, conservation of these ecosystems has been threatened by overuse and pressure of exotic monocultures. Sustainable forest development aims at utilizing the forest resource without unduly degrading the forest ecosystems. This study examines the case of Mount Meru forest reserve, a tropical montane rainforest in northern Tanzania. The main aim of the study is to investigate human induced causes of forest degradation and to propose ways to improve the forest management so as to attain sustainable forest development. The study is based on survey data obtained from the study area through semi-structured interviews conducted with 198 key informats. Social study methods have been used for data analysis and interpretation.

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Miller, Cory A., Brewer David G, and W. Wallace Covington. "Forest Structure and Surface Runoff in the Upper Lake Mary Watershed, Arizona." Arizona-Nevada Academy of Science, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/296679.

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Paniagua, Alfaro Franklin. "Factors conditioning the development of a community forestry coalition in western Amazonia, Brazil." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2005. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0010484.

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38

Hwacha, Valeriah. "Forest fire management in God's Lake, a community development perspective." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape8/PQDD_0007/MQ45061.pdf.

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39

Peredo-Videa, Bernardo. "Forest governance and development : meandering paradigms in the Bolivian lowlands." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.571667.

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Forest conservation is an economic, environmental and social process. It is also a political and cultural process in developing nations, characterised by being the richest regions in biodiversity but also the poorest economically. Paradoxically, whilst forest management provides substantial socio-economic and environmental benefits, local people have not often received benefits resulting from these processes. This would be the case of Bolivia, one of the poorest nations in Latin America with indigenous communities amongst the most vulnerable groups, but also one of the richest countries in terms of forest and biological diversity, especially within the Tropical Andes Hotspot. However, the country is also considered to be a deforestation hotspot since the implementation of structural adjustment programmes in the mid-1990s. Although reforms to the forestry legal framework have been accompanied by a series of institutional changes initiated in 1997, the results show that such legal, policy and institutional frameworks have not been able to respond to the increasing deforestation rates and illegal logging. In the absence of forest governance structures, including strengthened institutions, regulatory systems, comprehensive sustainable development plans and the persistence of land tenure insecurity, the implementation of effective initiatives in larger scales to overcome current deforestation rates appears challenging. Current political arguments are questioning the role of previous economic reforms and new conceptions on the role of forests. Natural resources are becoming a priority in the present state-led development agenda, which has criticised the previous neoliberal era for its negative economic, social and environmental impacts. Nonetheless, new threats may arise to forest conservation due to aggressive State development policies and the expansion of the agricultural frontier. This dissertation sets out to first analyse the causes of deforestation at a broader level of understanding than just the field scale through different development periods and over contemporary policy shifts and, secondly, to evaluate the success and challenges of sustainable alternatives for forest conservation, specifically timber exports, ecotourism development, and proposed reduced deforestation and degradation schemes in Bolivia. The research approaches include a focus on the dynamics of forest governance by examining the role and interplay of institutional frameworks, the legal and regulatory systems, land rights and tenure, and development policies and projects implemented by the Bolivian government, as well as the role of markets in driving demand for forest products in land-use change, deforestation and proposed forest-based alternatives. This thesis contributes to understanding the influence of these factors as underlying causes of deforestation in Bolivia and how these causes are interlinked with development theories, political and economic structures and policy shifts, and the opportunities and challenges for forest-based alternatives to provide economic and environmental benefits to grassroots and indigenous organisations.

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Kingsley, Evan Prentice. "Adaptation in the forest deer mouse: evolution, genetics, and development." Thesis, Harvard University, 2015. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:17467192.

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Variation in the shape, size, and number of segments along the vertebral column underlies a vast amount of vertebrate diversity. Although the molecular pathways controlling vertebrate segmentation during normal development are well understood, the genetic and developmental underpinnings responsible for the tremendous variation in size and number of vertebrae are relatively unexplored. The main goal of this dissertation is to explore the genetic and developmental mechanisms influencing naturally occurring variation in the vertebral column. To this end, I focus on intraspecific skeletal variation, with an emphasis on tail length, in the deer mouse, Peromyscus maniculatus. In Chapter 1, I employ a phylogeographic framework to show that longer tails have evolved independently in different populations of forest-dwelling mice. Closer investigation of the underlying morphology shows that long-tailed mice have both (1) a greater number of tail vertebrae and (2) individually longer vertebrae, compared to ancestral short-tailed mice. Chapter 2 explores the genetic basis of tail length variation. I use quantitative trait locus mapping to uncover six loci that influence differences in total tail length (3 associated with vertebral length and 3 with vertebrae number). Finally, in Chapter 3 I combine comparative data from quantitative measurements of tissue dynamics during somitogenesis in fixed embryos and ex vivo explant culture to show that embryos of forest mice make more segments because they produce more presomitic mesoderm, and not because of any significant difference in the timing of somitogenesis. Together, this work integrates phylogeographic, genetic, and developmental studies to pinpoint the ways that natural selection modifies development to produce the repeated evolution of an evolutionarily important trait, and suggests that there are a limited number of ways that long tails can evolve.
Biology, Organismic and Evolutionary

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Poff, Boris. "The Cost Effectiveness of Multi-Objective Forest Management in the Wildland Urban Interface." Arizona-Nevada Academy of Science, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/296579.

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Perez-Verdin, Gustavo, and Aregai Tecle. "Use of the Analytic Hierarchy Process in Forest Budget Allocation in Durango, Mexico." Arizona-Nevada Academy of Science, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/296631.

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Perez-Verdin, Gustavo, and Aregai Tecle. "A Spatial and Temporal Multiobjective Forest Management Analysis in Ejidos of Durango, Mexico." Arizona-Nevada Academy of Science, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/296661.

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Lefevre, Robert E. "A Comparison of Riparian Data Collected on the Coronado National Forest 1998-2009." Arizona-Nevada Academy of Science, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/296721.

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Koestner, Karen A., Peter E. Koestner, and Daniel G. Neary. "Estimating Post-Fire Peak Flows Following the Schultz Fire, Coconino National Forest, Arizona." Arizona-Nevada Academy of Science, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/296989.

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Neary, Daniel G. "Experiment Forest Watershed Studies Contribution to the Effect of Disturbances on Water Quality." Arizona-Nevada Academy of Science, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/301298.

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Dai, Ian, and Aregai Tecle. "An Attempt at Water Yield Modeling in the Centennial Forest in Northern Arizona." Arizona-Nevada Academy of Science, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/301339.

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Gonzalez, Rubio Hector Larsen David R. "Stand structure development effects on wood quality of Melina (Gmelina arborea roxb.)." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri--Columbia, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/6171.

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Title from PDF of title page (University of Missouri--Columbia, viewed on Feb 15, 2010). The entire thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file; a non-technical public abstract appears in the public.pdf file. Dissertation advisor: Dr. David Larsen Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

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Barrett, William McEwen. "Recent and prospective forest sector developments in Central Europe." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.311161.

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Since economic transition began in many Central East European Countries (CEECs) nine to ten years ago, a number of significant features of development have emerged in relation to changes within CEEC forest sectors. These include changes in ownership of both the forest resource and the forest industry, in forest policy and legislation, and in the production, consumption, trade and marketing of forest products. The objective of this thesis is to analyse recent and prospective forest sector developments in Central Europe, and to consider the implications of these developments on the economy, society, and environment of three Central European study countries (Poland, the Czech Republic and Hungary), and on Central and Eastern Europe as a whole. Policy analysis is carried out through a review of forest sector policies and way in which these policies developed during the second half of the twentieth century. Based on the content of new Forest Acts, a description of current policy and an analysis of the implications of new policies is undertaken. Institutional analysis evaluate the extent to which the state has retreated from its original roles and the private sector has emerged to take on an increased role within the sector. Product market analysis is undertaken through the construction of a forest sector scenario model which projects future levels of production, consumption, import and export of seven forest products, at 5-year intervals, to the year 2050. Projections are made under three scenarios, based on differing rates of future economic growth. In the three study countries, the forest sector has adapted rapidly to the market economy system. New forest policies have been quickly developed and implemented to address the different circumstances in which the sector is in. A well managed forest resource supplies quality raw timber to a modernised and growing processing sector, which in turn is producing an increasingly wide range of timber products to growing domestic and international markets.

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Ringdahl, Ola. "Automation in forestry : development of unmanned forwarders." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för datavetenskap, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-43265.

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For the last 50 year, forestry operations have become more and more mechanized. In modern forestry in Europe two machines are typically used; a harvester that fells, debranches and cross-cuts the trees into logs and a forwarder that transports them to the nearest road. These machines are technically advanced and quite expensive, but have a very high production rate. In fact, the productivity is so high that the human operator risks becoming a bottleneck if the machines become even more efficient. One way of solving this is to change working methods such that some work tasks are not needed anymore. In this way, efficiency is improved without increasing the workload. Another way to solve the problem is to develop (semi-)autonomous vehicles. One part of the work described in this thesis is an analysis of the economical performance of four potential systems based on the concept of integrated loading. Two of these systems use autonomous forest machines. Results from simulations with large amounts of real forest data show that a promising system is an autonomous forwarder switching loads with a manned harwarder, a combination of harvester and forwarder. Autonomous forwarders able to do the same work as conventional forwarders would be even more profitable than any of the other systems analyzed in this study.The development of techniques and algorithms for autonomous navigation of forwarders that transport logs from the harvesting site to the nearest transportation road is a major part of the thesis. A novel path-tracking algorithm is introduced that is able to accurately guide a forest machine along a previously demonstrated path with high accuracy. To avoid obstacles, the VFH+ algorithm was modified to work on forest machines. However, tests with a forwarder showed that this algorithm performs unsatisfactory when there are narrow passages to negotiate with obstacles close to both sides of the vehicle. This led us to develop a real-time path-planner for off-road vehicles using a simulator to predict collisions in a window forward in time. The path-planner is able to safely navigate a forest machine around obstacles on and close to the path in a way that is hard or impossible to achieve with regular obstacle-avoidance algorithms that do not take the shape of the vehicle into account. To handle a multitude of sensors, actuators, and other hardware in a systematic and uniform way and to enable communication between software modules, a software framework (often called robotics middleware) was developed. The system can be distributed over a network of computers if some software modules require more computing power. The framework has shown to be a powerful tool for research and development of autonomous vehicles.A problem in forestry operations is wheel slip causing ground damage and reducing trafficability of forest machines. Using data collected during experiments with the autonomous forest machine, a method for measuring slip was developed. It can be used to detect excessive wheel slip and may ultimately be used to control the machine transmission to reduce the amount of slip.
De senaste 50 åren har skogsbruket blivit alltmer mekaniserat. I det moderna skogsbruket i Europa används normalt två olika maskiner; en skördare som fäller, kvistar och kapar träden till stockar samt en skotare som transporterar dem till närmsta väg. Dessa maskiner är tekniskt avancerade och ganska dyra, men har samtidigt en mycket hög produktivitet. De är så effektiva att föraren riskerar att bli en flaskhals om produktiviteten ökar ännu mer. Ett sätt att lösa detta är att ändra arbetssätt så att ett eller flera arbetsmoment inte behövs längre. Därmed ökar effektiviteten utan att arbetsbördan ökar. Ett annat sätt att lösa problemet är att utveckla (halv-)autonoma fordon. En del av denna avhandling är en analys av ekonomisk prestanda för fyra tänkbara system som alla bygger på konceptet integrerad lastning, varav två använder autonoma skotare. Resultaten visar att ett lovande system är ett lastväxlingssystem där en autonom skotare byter lastutrymme med en bemannad drivare, en kombination av skotare och skördare. Autonoma skotare som kan utföra samma arbete som konventionella skotare visade sig ha störst potential av de analyserade systemen.Tekniker och algoritmer för autonom navigering av skotare för transport av stockar till närmaste väg är en viktig del i avhandlingen. En ny algoritm för att följa en tidigare demonstrerad väg med hög noggrannhet introduceras. För att undvika hinder modifierades algoritmen VFH+ så att den fungerar med skogsmaskiner. Tester med en skotare visade emellertid att algoritmen presterar otillfredsställande i trånga passager med näraliggande hinder på båda sidor av fordonet. Detta ledde till utvecklingen av en algoritm för ruttplanering för terränggående fordon som med hjälp av en simulator kan förutsäga kollisioner i ett fönster framåt i tiden. Ruttplaneraren klarar att navigera en skogsmaskin förbi hinder som finns på eller nära rutten på ett sätt som är svårt eller omöjligt att uppnå med standardalgoritmer för att undvika hinder, eftersom de inte beaktar formen på fordonet.För att kunna hantera en mångfald av sensorer, styrdon och annan hårdvara på ett systematiskt och enhetligt sätt, och för att möjliggöra för kommunikation mellan mjukvarumoduler, implementerades ett programvarusystem (ofta kallat middleware). Systemet kan distribueras över ett nätverk av datorer om några programmoduler kräver mer datorkraft. Detta ramverk har visat sig vara ett kraftfullt verktyg för forskning och utveckling av autonoma fordon. Ett vanligt problem i skogsbruket är hjulslirning som orsakar markskador och minskar framkomligheten för skogsmaskiner. Med hjälp av data som samlats in under experimenten med den autonoma skogsmaskinen utvecklades en metod för att mäta hjulslirning. Denna metod kan användas för att upptäcka slirning mellan hjul och mark och skulle kunna användas för att styra maskinens transmission för att minska slirning.

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