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Journal articles on the topic 'Foregut Development'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 11 February 2022

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1

Tsang, T. M., and P. K. H. Tam. "Arrest of foregut development in a congenital bronchopulmonary foregut malformation." Pediatric Surgery International 9, no. 5-6 (May 1994): 401–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01686014.

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2

Abrunhosa, F., and M. Melo. "Development and functional morphology of the foreguts of larvae and postlarvae of three crustacean decapods." Brazilian Journal of Biology 68, no. 1 (February 2008): 221–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1519-69842008000100032.

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The development of the foregut structure and the digestive function of the decapods Litopenaeus vannamei, Sesarma rectum and Callichirus major larvae and post larvae were examined. The protozoeal foregut of L. vannamei is simple, lacking a cardiopyloric valve and bearing a rudimentary filter press. In mysis, the filter press is more developed. In the juvenile stage, grooves and a small lateral tooth arise. In S. rectum, the foregut has a functional cardiopyloric valve and a filter press. The megalopal and juvenile stages of this species have a gastric mill similar to those in adult crabs. In C. major, the foregut of the zoeae is specialized, with the appearance of some rigid structures, but no gastric mill was found. Calcified structures are observed in the megalopae and they become more developed in the juvenile stage. The results support suppositions, previously reported in other studies, that feeding behavior of each larval and postlarval stage is directly related to the morphological characteristics of the foreguts.

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3

Abrunhosa, Fernando A., Darlan J. B. Simith, Joely R. C. Monteiro, Antonio N. de Souza Junior, and Pedro A. C. Oliva. "Development and functional morphology of the larval foregut of two brachyuran species from Northern Brazil." Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências 83, no. 4 (October 21, 2011): 1269–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0001-37652011005000045.

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Feeding is an important factor for the successful rearing of larvae of the crab species. Further information on the morphological features of the foregut may to reveal larval feeding behaviour and or/whether there is a lecithotrophy in some or even in all stages of the larval cycle. In the present study, the structural development of the foregut and their digestive functions were examined in larvae of two brachyurans, Uca vocator and Panopeus occidentalis, reared in the laboratory. During larval development, the foreguts of the larvae in the first and last zoeal stages and in the megalopa stage were microscopically examined, described and illustrated. The zoeal foreguts of both species were well developed, showing specialization with a functional cardiopyloric valve and a filter press. The megalopa stage had a complex and specialized gastric mill similar to that found in adult crabs with the appearance of rigidly calcified structures. These results support the hypothesis that the feeding behaviour of each larval stage is directly related to the morphological structure of the foregut. Such facts strongly indicate that all larval stages of both . vocator and P occidentalis need an external food source before completing the larval development in a planktonic environment.

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4

Page, Damon T. "Inductive patterning of the embryonic brain in Drosophila." Development 129, no. 9 (May 1, 2002): 2121–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.129.9.2121.

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In vertebrates (deuterostomes), brain patterning depends on signals from adjacent tissues. For example, holoprosencephaly, the most common brain anomaly in humans, results from defects in signaling between the embryonic prechordal plate (consisting of the dorsal foregut endoderm and mesoderm) and the brain. I have examined whether a similar mechanism of brain development occurs in the protostome Drosophila, and find that the foregut and mesoderm act to pattern the fly embryonic brain. When the foregut and mesoderm of Drosophila are ablated, brain patterning is disrupted. The loss of Hedgehog expressed in the foregut appears to mediate this effect, as it does in vertebrates. One mechanism whereby these defects occur is a disruption of normal apoptosis in the brain. These data argue that the last common ancestor of protostomes and deuterostomes had a prototype of the brains present in modern animals, and also suggest that the foregut and mesoderm contributed to the patterning of this ‘proto-brain’. They also argue that the foreguts of protostomes and deuterostomes, which have traditionally been assigned to different germ layers, are actually homologous.

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5

Litingtung, Ying, Li Lei, Heiner Westphal, and Chin Chiang. "Sonic hedgehog is essential to foregut development." Nature Genetics 20, no. 1 (September 1998): 58–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/1717.

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6

Page, Louise R., and Brenda Hookham. "The gastropod foregut — evolution viewed through a developmental lens." Canadian Journal of Zoology 95, no. 4 (April 2017): 227–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2016-0194.

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Comparative data on the developing gastropod foregut suggest that this multicomponent feeding complex consists of two developmental modules. Modularity is revealed by delayed development of the buccal cavity and radular sac (“ventral module”) relative to the dorsal food channel (“dorsal module”) in gastropods with feeding larvae compared with those that may have never had a feeding larval stage. If nonfeeding larvae like those of extant patellogastropods and vetigastropods are ancestral for gastropods, then the uncoupling and heterochronic offset of dorsal and ventral foregut modules allowed the post-metamorphic dorsal food channel to be co-opted as a simple but functional esophagus for feeding larvae. Furthermore, by reducing energy cost per ovum, the heterochronic offset may have given mothers the evolutionary option of increasing fecundity or investing in protective egg encapsulation material. A second developmental innovation was spatial separation of the dorsal and ventral foregut modules, as illustrated by distal foregut development in buccinid neogastropods and venom gland development in cone snails. Spatial uncoupling may have enhanced the evolvability of gastropod foreguts by allowing phenotypic variants of ventral module components to be selected within post-metamorphic ecological settings, without needing to be first tested for compatibility with larval feeding. Finally, we describe a case in which foregut modularity has helped facilitate a highly derived life history in which encapsulated embryos ingest nurse eggs.

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7

Cox, Serena L., and Danielle J. Johnston. "Developmental changes in foregut functioning of packhorse lobster, Jasus (Sagmariasus) verreauxi (Decapoda:Palinuridae), phyllosoma larvae." Marine and Freshwater Research 55, no. 2 (2004): 145. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf03175.

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The development of foregut structure and digestive function was examined in Jasus (Sagmariasus) verreauxi phyllosomas (instars 1–13) using resin histology and video analysis. Early instar (1–3) phyllosoma had very simple anterior foreguts with little differentiation into ventral and dorsal chambers, no filter press and small lateral comb-row setae. By mid instars (4–7), the filter press had developed and ventral and dorsal chambers of the foregut were distinct. The number and robustness of lateral setae had increased and a dense mat of anterior floor setae had formed. The filter press became increasingly complex in later-instar (8–13) larvae and dense robust lateral comb-row setae, main brushes and a thick mat of anterior floor setae forming longitudinal channels had developed by this stage. The mechanism of food digestion remained similar between instars but changes in foregut structures suggest that the degree of internal mastication, filtration and capacity to sort and mix particles improved with age. This research has implications for artificial diet development in crustacean culture and understanding dietary shifts during larval development.

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8

Galaktionov, K. V., and I. I. Malkova. "Development of the alimentary tract during morphogenesis of the metacercariae of Levinseniella brachysoma." Journal of Helminthology 67, no. 2 (June 1993): 87–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022149x00012943.

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AbstractFor the first time the development of the alimentary tract of Levinseniella brachysoma metacercaria (Trematoda: Microphallidae) obtained experimentally from Gammarus oceanicus has been described. The foregut primordium in 16-day-old metacercariae is represented by a syncytial cylindrical cord, resulting from the fusion of embryonic cells. Non-fused parts of the plasma membranes of adjacent cells are revealed as gap cavities within the cord. Later (30th day post infection) the lumen of the foregut is formed as a result of both partial vacuolization of the cytoplasm and by a broadening of the gap cavities, resulting from a thinning of the cytoplasmic spaces between them. Besides the usual organelles, the foregut of the mature metacercaria (42nd day p.i.) contains dense secretory granules in the apical cytoplasm region and numerous microtubules in basal areas. The cellular gastrodermis is formed later than the foregut syncytium (on day 30 p.i.); its large cells contain well-developed Golgi complexes, RER and mitochondria. A noteable inclusion of the gastrodermal cells of mature metacercariae are spherical granules of moderate electron density measuring up to 3 μm in diameter. On the basis of an analysis of the ultrastructural data the possible functioning of the metacercarial alimentary tract is discussed.

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9

Melo, Marlon Aguiar, Fernando Abrunhosa, and Iracilda Sampaio. "The morphology of the foregut of larvae and postlarva of Sesarma curacaoense De Man, 1892: a species with facultative lecithotrophy during larval development." Acta Amazonica 36, no. 3 (2006): 375–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0044-59672006000300014.

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Previous study on the resistance of larvae of Sesarma curacaoense submitted to starvation has revealed a facultative lecithotrophy during zoeal stages, but megalopa and first juvenile stages are exclusively feeding stages. In the present study, the gross morphology and fine structure of the foregut of S. curacaoense were investigated during larval, megalopa and first juvenile stages. The foregut of the zoea I show specific setae and a filter press apparently functional. The foregut undergoes changes in the zoea II (last larval stage) with increment of setae number, mainly on the cardiopyloric valve and complexity of the filter press. After metamorphosis to megalopa stage the foregut become rather complex, with a gastric mill supporting a medial and two lateral teeth well-developed. The foregut of the first juvenile is more specialized compared to the previous stage, showing similar characteristics of the decapod adults. These results provide further evidence of facultative lecithotrophic development in the larvae of S. curacaoense.

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10

VILANOVA, J. R., R. SIMON-MARIN, J. C. ANGULO, and J. M. RIVERA-POMAR. "Genesis and decay of the foregut: development and repair." Histopathology 13, no. 3 (September 1988): 269–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2559.1988.tb02038.x.

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11

McLin, V. A., and A. M. Zorn. "O0042 WNT SIGNALING IN EARLY LIVER AND FOREGUT DEVELOPMENT." Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition 39, Supplement 1 (June 2004): S23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005176-200406001-00044.

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12

Johnston, Danielle J., and Arthur Ritar. "Mouthpart and foregut ontogeny in phyllosoma larvae of the spiny lobster Jasus edwardsii (Decapoda: Palinuridae)." Marine and Freshwater Research 52, no. 8 (2001): 1375. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf01105.

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Mouthpart and foregut structure indicates that Jasus edwardsii phyllosomas ingest soft fleshy foods such as gelatinous zooplankton. Mouthpart morphology changes little during larval development, indicating that ingestive capabilities and external mastication are well developed from an early age. However, the density and complexity of setation and robustness of individual mouthparts increases with age, suggesting a greater capacity to ingest larger prey during development. The foregut consists of a single chamber with a number of well-developed grooves, ridges, and setae but lacking a gastric mill. The primary role of the foregut is mixing, sorting, and filtering particles, preground by the mouthparts. Phyllosomas have been divided into early (stage I–III), mid (IV–V), and late (VI–X) stages based on the development of the filter press and main brushes. Increasing robustness of setation and complexity of the foregut suggest that the texture of prey becomes more muscular (fibrous) with larval development. The results presented here suggest that early-stage phyllosoma would benefit from a diet comprising soft gelatinous items, whereas late-stage phyllosomas are better prepared to deal with larger, fleshy prey. The changes in structural characteristics with age should also serve as a guide in the development of formulated diets.

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13

Drakhlis, Lika, Santoshi Biswanath, Clara-Milena Farr, Victoria Lupanow, Jana Teske, Katharina Ritzenhoff, Annika Franke, et al. "Human heart-forming organoids recapitulate early heart and foregut development." Nature Biotechnology 39, no. 6 (February 8, 2021): 737–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41587-021-00815-9.

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AbstractOrganoid models of early tissue development have been produced for the intestine, brain, kidney and other organs, but similar approaches for the heart have been lacking. Here we generate complex, highly structured, three-dimensional heart-forming organoids (HFOs) by embedding human pluripotent stem cell aggregates in Matrigel followed by directed cardiac differentiation via biphasic WNT pathway modulation with small molecules. HFOs are composed of a myocardial layer lined by endocardial-like cells and surrounded by septum-transversum-like anlagen; they further contain spatially and molecularly distinct anterior versus posterior foregut endoderm tissues and a vascular network. The architecture of HFOs closely resembles aspects of early native heart anlagen before heart tube formation, which is known to require an interplay with foregut endoderm development. We apply HFOs to study genetic defects in vitro by demonstrating that NKX2.5-knockout HFOs show a phenotype reminiscent of cardiac malformations previously observed in transgenic mice.

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14

Jennings, R. E., A. A. Berry, R. Kirkwood-Wilson, N. A. Roberts, T. Hearn, R. J. Salisbury, J. Blaylock, K. Piper Hanley, and N. A. Hanley. "Development of the Human Pancreas From Foregut to Endocrine Commitment." Diabetes 62, no. 10 (April 29, 2013): 3514–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2337/db12-1479.

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15

Han, Lu, Jingyue Xu, Emily Grigg, Megan Slack, Praneet Chaturvedi, Rulang Jiang, and Aaron M. Zorn. "Osr1 functions downstream of Hedgehog pathway to regulate foregut development." Developmental Biology 427, no. 1 (July 2017): 72–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ydbio.2017.05.005.

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16

Jacobs, Ian J., Wei-Yao Ku, and Jianwen Que. "Genetic and cellular mechanisms regulating anterior foregut and esophageal development." Developmental Biology 369, no. 1 (September 2012): 54–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ydbio.2012.06.016.

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17

Chiu, Philip Wai-Yan, Enders Kwok-Wai Ng, and Haruhiro Inoue. "Endoscopic submucosal dissection for early neoplasia of foregut: Current development." Surgical Practice 11, no. 3 (August 2007): 106–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-1633.2007.00366.x.

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18

Gaudet, Jeb, Srikanth Muttumu, Michael Horner, and Susan E. Mango. "Whole-Genome Analysis of Temporal Gene Expression during Foregut Development." PLoS Biology 2, no. 11 (October 19, 2004): e352. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.0020352.

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19

Que, Jainwen, Emma Rawlins, Justin Rock, Tadashi Okubo, and Brigid Hogan. "S08-01 Genetic regulation of anterior foregut development and repair." Mechanisms of Development 126 (August 2009): S32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mod.2009.06.1039.

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20

Yang, Yun, Hao Wang, Jia He, Wenchao Shi, Zhanmei Jiang, Lina Gao, Yan Jiang, Rui Ni, Qifen Yang, and Lingfei Luo. "A single-cell–resolution fate map of endoderm reveals demarcation of pancreatic progenitors by cell cycle." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, no. 25 (June 14, 2021): e2025793118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2025793118.

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A progenitor cell could generate a certain type or multiple types of descendant cells during embryonic development. To make all the descendant cell types and developmental trajectories of every single progenitor cell clear remains an ultimate goal in developmental biology. Characterizations of descendant cells produced by each uncommitted progenitor for a full germ layer represent a big step toward the goal. Here, we focus on early foregut endoderm, which generates foregut digestive organs, including the pancreas, liver, foregut, and ductal system, through distinct lineages. Using unbiased single-cell labeling techniques, we label every individual zebrafish foregut endodermal progenitor cell out of 216 cells to visibly trace the distribution and number of their descendant cells. Hence, single-cell–resolution fate and proliferation maps of early foregut endoderm are established, in which progenitor regions of each foregut digestive organ are precisely demarcated. The maps indicate that the pancreatic endocrine progenitors are featured by a cell cycle state with a long G1 phase. Manipulating durations of the G1 phase modulates pancreatic progenitor populations. This study illustrates foregut endodermal progenitor cell fate at single-cell resolution, precisely demarcates different progenitor populations, and sheds light on mechanistic insights into pancreatic fate determination.

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21

Badhe, Padma Vikram, Abhishek Bairy, and Karthik Shivappa Huruli. "Oesophageal lung: a rare cause of complete hemithorax opacification." BMJ Case Reports 13, no. 11 (November 2020): e234539. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2020-234539.

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Congenital bronchopulmonary foregut anomalies are uncommon group of disorders that reflect upon the embryological development of the foregut. These conditions represent the intimate embryological proximity of the foregut and tracheobronchial tree. The radiological findings are typically of segmental or lobar consolidation with abnormal vascular supply or foregut communication. We report a case of a breathless neonate with oesophageal origin of the right main bronchus. This communication was well demonstrated with the help of an oesophagogram. The radiologist plays an important role by identifying this communication on a CT done for non-resolving lung collapse. Contrast-enhanced CT of the chest is also useful in evaluating the vascular supply of the lung that helps in diagnosis and also directs treatment.

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22

Pack, M., L. Solnica-Krezel, J. Malicki, S. C. Neuhauss, A. F. Schier, D. L. Stemple, W. Driever, and M. C. Fishman. "Mutations affecting development of zebrafish digestive organs." Development 123, no. 1 (December 1, 1996): 321–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.123.1.321.

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The zebrafish gastrointestinal system matures in a manner akin to higher vertebrates. We describe nine mutations that perturb development of these organs. Normally, by the fourth day postfertilization the digestive organs are formed, the epithelial cells of the intestine are polarized and express digestive enzymes, the hepatocytes secrete bile, and the pancreatic islets and acini generate immunoreactive insulin and carboxypeptidase A, respectively. Seven mutations cause arrest of intestinal epithelial development after formation of the tube but before cell polarization is completed. These perturb different regions of the intestine. Six preferentially affect foregut, and one the hindgut. In one of the foregut mutations the esophagus does not form. Two mutations cause hepatic degeneration. The pancreas is affected in four mutants, all of which also perturb anterior intestine. The pancreatic exocrine cells are selectively affected in these four mutations. Exocrine precursor cells appear, as identified by GATA-5 expression, but do not differentiate and acini do not form. The pancreatic islets are spared, and endocrine cells mature and synthesize insulin. These gastrointestinal mutations may be informative with regard to patterning and crucial lineage decisions during organogenesis, and may be relevant to diabetes, congenital dysmorphogenesis and disorders of cell proliferation.

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23

Petryk, Anna, Ryan M. Anderson, Michael P. Jarcho, Irina Leaf, Cathy S. Carlson, John Klingensmith, William Shawlot, and Michael B. O'Connor. "The mammalian twisted gastrulation gene functions in foregut and craniofacial development." Developmental Biology 267, no. 2 (March 2004): 374–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ydbio.2003.11.015.

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24

Wei, Z., R. C. Angerer, and L. M. Angerer. "Direct development of neurons within foregut endoderm of sea urchin embryos." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 108, no. 22 (May 16, 2011): 9143–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1018513108.

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25

Schilders, Kim. "Role of SOX2 in foregut development in relation to congenital abnormalities." World Journal of Medical Genetics 4, no. 4 (2014): 94. http://dx.doi.org/10.5496/wjmg.v4.i4.94.

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26

VAN DEN ABBEELE, J., Y. CLAES, D. VAN BOCKSTAELE, D. LE RAY, and M. COOSEMANS. "Trypanosoma brucei spp. development in the tsetse fly: characterization of the post-mesocyclic stages in the foregut and proboscis." Parasitology 118, no. 5 (May 1999): 469–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182099004217.

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Post-mesocyclic development of Trypanosoma brucei in the tsetse fly in its migration from midgut to salivary glands, was revisited by sequential microdissection, morphometry and DNA-cytofluorometry. This development started by day 6 after the infective feed, with passage of mesocyclic midgut trypomastigotes through proventriculus and upward migration along foregut and proboscis to the salivary gland ducts. Kinetics of salivary gland infection showed that colonization of the salivary glands by epimastigotes occurred only during the time-limited presence of this developmental phase in the foregut and proboscis. Post-mesocyclic trypanosomes in the foregut and proboscis were pleomorphic, with 4 morphological stages in various constant proportions and present all through from proventriculus up to the salivary gland ducts: 67% long trypomastigotes, 27% long epimastigotes, 4% long epimastigotes undergoing asymmetric cell division and 2% short epimastigotes. Measurements of DNA content demonstrated a predominant tetraploidy for 67% of these trypanosomes, the remainder consisting of the homogeneous diploid short epimastigotes and some long epimastigotes. According to the experimental data, the following sequence of trypanosome differentiation in the foregut and proboscis is proposed as the most obvious hypothesis. Incoming mesocyclic trypomastigotes (2N) from the ectoperitrophic anterior midgut start to replicate DNA to a 4N level, are arrested at this point, and differentiate into the long epimastigote (4N) which give rise, by an asymmetric cell division, to 2 unequal, diploid daughter cells: a long, probably dead-end long epimastigote and a short epimastigote. The latter is responsible for the epimastigote colonization of the salivary glands if launched at the vicinity of the gland epithelium by the asymmetric dividing epimastigote.

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27

Abrunhosa, Fernando, Marlon Melo, Jô de Farias Lima, and Jacqueline Abrunhosa. "Developmental morphology of mouthparts and foregut of the larvae and postlarvae of Lepidophthalmus siriboia Felder & Rodrigues, 1993 (Decapoda: Callianassidae)." Acta Amazonica 36, no. 3 (2006): 335–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0044-59672006000300008.

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In this study, the gross morphology of the mouthparts and foregut of the ghost shrimp Lepidophthalmus siriboia were investigated from larvae and postlarvae reared in the laboratory. The mouthparts (maxillae and maxillipeds) of the zoeae have a reduced number of setae and spines (or is absent in some individuals), and the foregut, under developed, have few minute setae in the cardiac and pyloric chambers. In contrast, after the metamorphosis into megalopa stage, all feeding appendages have many setae and, the foregut shows a well-developed gastric mill with strong lateral teeth. In the juvenile stage occurs an increase of setae and spines in the mouthparts and the foregut becomes more specialized. These observations strongly suggest that a lecithotrophic development occurs during all zoeal stages but the megalopa and juvenile stages are feeding animals. The functional morphology of the feeding structures of L. siriboia and other decapods will be briefly discussed.

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28

Zhang, Zheng, Scott A. Rankin, and Aaron M. Zorn. "Syndecan4 coordinates Wnt/JNK and BMP signaling to regulate foregut progenitor development." Developmental Biology 416, no. 1 (August 2016): 187–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ydbio.2016.05.025.

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29

Castell, Donald, and Tom DeMeester. "Perspectives and Lessons Learned on the Development and Collaboration in Foregut Disease." Foregut: The Journal of the American Foregut Society 1, no. 1 (March 2021): 5–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2634516121990960.

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30

Drakhlis, Lika, Santoshi Biswanath, Clara-Milena Farr, Victoria Lupanow, Jana Teske, Katharina Ritzenhoff, Annika Franke, et al. "Publisher Correction: Human heart-forming organoids recapitulate early heart and foregut development." Nature Biotechnology 39, no. 6 (May 20, 2021): 775. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41587-021-00960-1.

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31

Giakoustidis, Alexandros, Dawn Morrison, Andrew Thillainayagam, Gordon Stamp, Vishy Mahadevan, and Satvinder Mudan. "Ciliated Foregut Cyst of the Gallbladder. A Diagnostic Challenge and Management Quandary." Journal of Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases 23, no. 2 (June 1, 2014): 207–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.15403/jgld.2014.1121.232.ag1.

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Ciliated foregut cysts are rare anomalies due to aberrant embryological development. Only a small number of gallbladder ciliated foregut cysts have been reported. We report the case of a 29-year-old woman presenting with epigastric pain associated with diarrhoea and vomiting, who was found to have raised serum bilirubin levels and abnormal liver function tests. Following a diagnostic pathway including abdominal ultrasound, magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography and endoscopic ultrasound the gallbladder cyst was provisionally diagnosed to be a cyst arising from the cystic duct or a duplicated gallbladder. A laparoscopic cholecystectomy was carried out and histopathology identified a ciliated foregut gallbladder cyst. The postoperative course was uneventful. In this report we offer what we believe to be an optimal diagnostic pathway and therapeutic strategy for this rare congenital cyst.

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32

De Felice, Mario, and Roberto Di Lauro. "Minireview: Intrinsic and Extrinsic Factors in Thyroid Gland Development: An Update." Endocrinology 152, no. 8 (June 21, 2011): 2948–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/en.2011-0204.

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In vertebrates the portion of the thyroid gland synthesizing the thyroid hormones develops from a small group of endodermal cells in the foregut. The nature of the signals that lead to the biochemical and morphogenetic events responsible for the organization of these cells into the adult thyroid gland has only recently become evident. In this review we summarize recent developments in the understanding of these processes, derived from evidence collected in several organisms.

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33

Khoddami, Maliheh, Maryam Kazemi Aghdam, and Azadeh Alvandimanesh. "Ciliated Hepatic Foregut Cyst: Two Case Reports in Children and Review of the Literature." Case Reports in Medicine 2013 (2013): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/372017.

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Ciliated hepatic foregut cyst (CHFC) is a rare lesion which originates from detached hepatic diverticulum or from detachment and migration of buds from the esophageal and bronchial regions of the foregut which subsequently get entrapped by the liver during the early embryonic development of the foregut. CHFCs are mostly seen in adults and are rarely reported in children, with only about 10 cases reported in this age group. Hereby, we present two cases of CHFC in two 3.5-year-old boys; one of them had cystic lesion at medial segment of left lobe of liver (common site), and in the other one it was located at right lobe of liver (less common site). Histologically, both cysts had four layers composed of inner ciliated, pseudostratified, columnar epithelium; subepithelial connective tissue; smooth muscle layer; and an outer fibrous layer.

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34

Reuter, R. "The gene serpent has homeotic properties and specifies endoderm versus ectoderm within the Drosophila gut." Development 120, no. 5 (May 1, 1994): 1123–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.120.5.1123.

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The gut of Drosophila consists of ectodermally derived foregut and hindgut and endodermally derived midgut. Here I show that the gene serpent plays a key role in the development of the endoderm. serpent embryos lack the entire midgut and do not show endodermal differentiation. They gastrulate normally and form proper amnioproctodeal and anterior midgut invaginations. However, the prospective anterior midgut cells acquire properties that are usually found in ectodermal foregut cells. In the posterior region of the embryo, the prospective posterior midgut forms an additional hindgut which is contiguous with the normal hindgut and which appears to be a serial duplication, not a mere enlargement of the hindgut. The fate shifts in both the anterior and the posterior part of the srp embryo can be described in terms of homeotic transformations of anterior midgut to foregut and of posterior midgut to hindgut. serpent appears to act as a homeotic gene downstream of the terminal gap gene huckebein and to promote morphogenesis and differentiation of anterior and posterior midgut.

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35

Dobanovacki, Dusanka, Smiljana Marinkovic, Radoica Jokic, Dragana Zivkovic, Danica Stanic-Canji, and Vladimir Borisev. "Urogenital abnormalities and atresia of the gastrointestinal tract." Medical review 58, no. 5-6 (2005): 271–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/mpns0506271d.

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Introduction. The goal of the study was to investigate the frequency of urogenital congenital abnormalities among atresias of the digestive system and analyze fetal maldevelopment. The study also deals with gastrointestinal and urogenital embryology. Material and methods. This retrospektive study analyzed the clinical status of 55 new-borns admitted to the Pediatric Surgery Clinic in Novi Sad due to atresia of the gastrointestinal tract during 1995-2003. All atresias were classified at primordial gut levels (foregut, midgut and hindgut). The incidence of associated abnormalities, especially urogenital, was analyzed. Diagnostic procedures included standard methods: clinical investigation, ultrasound, native and contrast medium radiography, etc. Results. Results showed that urogenital anomalies were present in 21 (38.18%) newborns with gastrointestinal atresia. Foregut atresia was diagnosed in 14 newborns and it was associated with urogenital congenital anomalies in 9 (64.28%) newborns. Midgut atresias were found in 15 patients and in 4 (22.22%) they were associated with urogenital anomalies. Hindgut atresias were established in 23 and in 8 (34.78%) cases they were associated with urogenital anomalies. Discussion and conclusions. It was confirmed that foregut atresias are commonly accompanied by associated abnormalities. That is why the fourth gestational week is important when both gastroinestinal and urogenital systems are developed. When midgut differentiates into its own derivates, the frequency of congenital anomalies decreases for a short period, and then increases again during foregut development (seventh and eighth gestational weeks). There were no information on environmental teratogenic factors in maternal history. These abnormalities may be explained by complex urorectal development and separation of two systems. .

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Freem, Lucy, Nikhil Thapar, and Alan Burns. "21-P013 Development of intrinsic lung neurons from foregut-derived neural crest cells." Mechanisms of Development 126 (August 2009): S317. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mod.2009.06.878.

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Updike, Dustin L., and Susan E. Mango. "Temporal Regulation of Foregut Development by HTZ-1/H2A.Z and PHA-4/FoxA." PLoS Genetics 2, no. 9 (September 29, 2006): e161. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.0020161.

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Updike, Dustin Lynn, and Susan E. Mango. "Temporal Regulation of Foregut Development by HTZ-1/H2A.Z and PHA-4/FoxA." PLoS Genetics preprint, no. 2006 (2005): e161. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.0020161.eor.

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Gaasbeek Janzen, J. W., P. J. Westenend, R. Charles, W. H. Lamers, and A. F. Moorman. "Gene expression in derivatives of embryonic foregut during prenatal development of the rat." Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry 36, no. 10 (October 1988): 1223–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/36.10.2458406.

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Proteins characteristic for the adult cellular phenotype, i.e., carbamoylphosphate synthetase (CPS) for liver and small intestine, arginase for liver, glutamate dehydrogenase (GLDH) for pancreas, liver, and small intestine, and amylase for pancreas were studied immunohistochemically in rat embryos and fetuses. At distinct developmental stages, subsets of enzymes appear synchronously in the foregut derivatives, suggesting that gene expression in the different organs is regulated by common factors. In contrast to the long-held opinion that fetal hepatocytes are a homogeneous cell population, it is shown that arginase and CPS are heterogeneously distributed between ED 16 and ED 20. This heterogeneity is related to the vascular architecture of the liver and disappears perinatally as the result of strong stimulation of enzyme synthesis. In addition, an intercellular heterogeneity in CPS content that is not related to the vasculature is observed between ED 14 and ED 20. This "random" heterogeneity reflects temporal differences in the onset of CPS accumulation in individual cells.

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Fuss, B. "Cell movements controlled by the Notch signalling cascade during foregut development in Drosophila." Development 131, no. 7 (April 1, 2004): 1587–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.01057.

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Qu, Xianghu, Jing Li, and H. Scott Baldwin. "Postnatal lethality and abnormal development of foregut and spleen in Ndrg4 mutant mice." Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 470, no. 3 (February 2016): 613–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.01.096.

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Withington, S., R. Beddington, and J. Cooke. "Foregut endoderm is required at head process stages for anteriormost neural patterning in chick." Development 128, no. 3 (February 1, 2001): 309–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.128.3.309.

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Anterior definitive endoderm, the future pharynx and foregut lining, emerges from the anterior primitive streak and Hensen's node as a cell monolayer that replaces hypoblast during chick gastrulation. At early head process stages (4+ to 6; Hamburger and Hamilton) it lies beneath, lateral to and ahead of the ingressed axial mesoderm. Removal of the monolayer beneath and ahead of the node at stage 4 is followed by normal development, the removed cells being replaced by further ingressing cells from the node. However, similar removal during stages 4+ and 5 results in a permanent window denuded of definitive endoderm, beneath prechordal mesoderm and a variable sector of anterior notochord. The foregut tunnel then fails to form, heart development is confined to separated lateral regions, and the neural tube undergoes no ventral flexures at the normal positions in brain structure. Reduction in forebrain pattern is evident by the 12-somite stage, with most neuraxes lacking telencephalon and eyes, while forebrain expressions of the transcription factor genes GANF and BF1, and of FGF8, are absent or severely reduced. When the foregut endoderm removal is delayed until stage 6, later forebrain pattern appears once again complete, despite lack of foregut formation, of ventral flexure and of heart migration. Important gene expressions within axial mesoderm (chordin, Shh and BMP7) appear unaffected in all embryos, including those due to be pattern-deleted, during the hours following the operation when anterior brain pattern is believed to be determined. A specific system of neural anterior patterning signals, rather than an anterior sector of the initially neurally induced area, is lost following operation. Heterotopic lower layer replacement operations strongly suggest that these patterning signals are positionally specific to anteriormost presumptive foregut. The homeobox gene Hex and the chick Frizbee homologue Crescent are both expressed prominently within anterior definitive endoderm at the time when removal of this tissue results in forebrain defects, and the possible implications of this are discussed. The experiments also demonstrate how stomodeal ectoderm, the tissue that will, much later, form Rathke's pouch and the anterior pituitary, is independently specified by anteriormost lower layer signals at an early stage.

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Miller, Mayumi F., Ethan David Cohen, Julie E. Baggs, Min Min Lu, John B. Hogenesch, and Edward E. Morrisey. "Wnt ligands signal in a cooperative manner to promote foregut organogenesis." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 109, no. 38 (September 4, 2012): 15348–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1201583109.

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Endoderm-mesenchyme cross-talk is a central process in the development of foregut-derived organs. How signaling pathways integrate the activity of multiple ligands to guide organ development is poorly understood. We show that two Wnt ligands, Wnt2 and Wnt7b, cooperatively induce Wnt signaling without affecting the stabilization of the Wnt canonical effector β-catenin despite it being necessary for Wnt2–Wnt7b cooperativity. Wnt2–Wnt7b cooperation is specific for mesenchymal cell lineages and the combined loss of Wnt2 and Wnt7b leads to more severe developmental defects in the lung than loss of Wnt2 or Wnt7b alone. High-throughput small-molecule screens and biochemical assays reveal that the Pdgf pathway is required for cooperative Wnt2-Wnt7b signaling. Inhibition of Pdgf signaling in cell culture reduces Wnt2–Wnt7b cooperative signaling. Moreover, inhibition of Pdgf signaling in lung explant cultures results in decreased Wnt signaling and lung smooth-muscle development. These data suggest a model in which Pdgf signaling potentiates Wnt2–Wnt7b signaling to promote high levels of Wnt activity in mesenchymal progenitors that is required for proper development of endoderm-derived organs, such as the lung.

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Rocha, Cristina P., Manoel Luciano A. Quadros, Murilo Maciel, Cristiana R. Maciel, and Fernando A. Abrunhosa. "Morphological changes in the structure and function of the feeding appendages and foregut of the larvae and first juvenile of the freshwater prawnMacrobrachium acanthurus." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 98, no. 4 (January 9, 2017): 713–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315416001855.

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The present study describes the morphological changes of the mouthparts and foregut of the freshwater prawnM. acanthurusthat occur during the development of the larvae and first juvenile. The results indicate that the zoeae I have mouthparts with reduced setae and a structureless foregut that indicates obligatory lecithotrophic behaviour. There is an increase in the number of setae in these structures between the zoea II and the juvenile stage, indicating the adaptation of the organism for feeding. More complex structural alterations were observed in the first juvenile, which acquires benthonic habits, which ensure the capture and ingestion of a diversity of feeding resources found in the substrate.

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Bauer, Reinhard, Corinna Lehmann, Bernhard Fuss, Franka Eckardt, and Michael Hoch. "The Drosophila gap junction channel gene innexin 2controls foregut development in response to Wingless signalling." Journal of Cell Science 115, no. 9 (May 1, 2002): 1859–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jcs.115.9.1859.

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In invertebrates, the direct communication of neighbouring cells is mediated by gap junctions, which are composed of oligomers of the innexin family of transmembrane proteins. Studies of the few known innexinmutants in Drosophila and C. elegans have shown that innexin proteins, which are structurally analogous to the connexins in vertebrates,play a major structural role as gap junctional core components in electric signal transmission. We show that Drosophila innexin 2 mutants display a feeding defect that originates from a failure of epithelial cells to migrate and invaginate during proventriculus organogenesis. The proventriculus is a valve-like organ that regulates food passage from the foregut into the midgut. Immunhistological studies indicate that innexin 2 is functionally required to establish a primordial structure of the proventriculus, the keyhole, during the regionalisation of the embryonic foregut tube, which is under the control of Wingless and Hedgehog signalling. Our genetic lack- and gain-of-function studies, and experiments in Dorsophila tissue culture cells provide strong evidence that innexin 2 is a target gene of Wingless signalling in the proventricular cells. This is the first evidence, to our knowledge, that an invertebrate gap junction gene controls epithelial tissue and organ morphogenesis in response to the conserved WNT signalling cascade.

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Liu, Xuejun, István Kiss, and Judith A. Lengyel. "Identification of Genes Controlling Malpighian Tubule and Other Epithelial Morphogenesis in Drosophila melanogaster." Genetics 151, no. 2 (February 1, 1999): 685–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/151.2.685.

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Abstract The Drosophila Malpighian tubule is a model system for studying genetic mechanisms that control epithelial morphogenesis. From a screen of 1800 second chromosome lethal lines, by observing uric acid deposits in unfixed inviable embryos, we identified five previously described genes (barr, fas, flb, raw, and thr) and one novel gene, walrus (wal), that affect Malpighian tubule morphogenesis. Phenotypic analysis of these mutant embryos allows us to place these genes, along with other previously described genes, into a genetic pathway that controls Malpighian tubule development. Specifically, wal affects evagination of the Malpighian tubule buds, fas and thr affect bud extension, and barr, flb, raw, and thr affect tubule elongation. In addition, these genes were found to have different effects on development of other epithelial structures, such as foregut and hindgut morphogenesis. Finally, from the same screen, we identified a second novel gene, drumstick, that affects only foregut and hindgut morphogenesis.

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Teague, Warwick J., Autumn M. Rowan-Hull, Naga V. G. Jayanthi, and Paul R. V. Johnson. "The competency of foregut mesenchyme in islet mesenchyme-to-epithelial transition during embryonic development." Journal of Pediatric Surgery 41, no. 2 (February 2006): 347–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2005.11.011.

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Brand, Thomas, Birgit Andrée, André Schneider, Astrid Buchberger, and Hans-Henning Arnold. "Chicken NKx2–8, a novel homeobox gene expressed during early heart and foregut development." Mechanisms of Development 64, no. 1-2 (June 1997): 53–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0925-4773(97)00044-0.

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Arsic, Dejan, Vicky Cameron, Leigh Ellmers, Qi Bao Quan, Jacqui Keenan, and Spencer Beasley. "Adriamycin disruption of the Shh-Gli pathway is associated with abnormalities of foregut development." Journal of Pediatric Surgery 39, no. 12 (December 2004): 1747–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2004.08.013.

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Page, L. R. "Larval and metamorphic development of the foregut and proboscis in the caenogastropodMarsenina (Lamellaria) stearnsii." Journal of Morphology 252, no. 2 (March 14, 2002): 202–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1099.

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