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Funk, Merrill D. "Kinematic Changes of the Tennis Forehand Ground Stroke as Post Contact Ball Speed Increases." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2010. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/2710.
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Neuromuscular and kinematic patterns during the tennis forehand have been studied extensively. However, no one has evaluated potential upper-extremity kinematic changes during the forehand as ball speed increases. The purpose of this study was to evaluate changes in shoulder and trunk kinematics as forehand ball speed increased, in an attempt to better understand how kinematics may promote forehand ball speed. Peak trunk rotation angle, shoulder horizontal abduction/adduction and internal/external rotation angle, and corresponding angular velocities were measured between initial backswing and ball contact during forehands that were performed at three different speeds (50%, 75%, and 100% of maximal post-impact ball speed). Between-speed differences were observed for all dependent variables. Internal humeral rotation velocity increased by 136% (from 477°/s to 1128°/s) while trunk rotation velocity increased by 91% (from 164°/s to 313°/s) and trunk rotation angle increased by only 26% (from 46° to 58°) as forehand ball speed increased from slow to fast. Two primary conclusions can be drawn from these results: (1) trunk and upper arm rotation (adduction and internal rotation) are important to produce forehand ball speed, and (2), increased joint angular velocity may be more important than altered joint position when attempting to produce maximal forehand ball speed.
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Ferreira, Thiago Rogel Santos. "Efeito da autofala na aprendizagem motora." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/39/39133/tde-06022014-114320/.
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O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar os efeitos da autofala na aprendizagem motora. A tarefa utilizada foi o forehand do tênis de campo. Oitenta e quatro universitários foram divididos em cinco grupos experimentais e um controle (n = 14). Dentre os grupos experimentais um deles utilizou-se de quatro dicas para direcionamento da atenção a elementos-chave da rebatida, os demais fizeram uso de apenas uma das quatro dicas (bola, quique, bater, pronto), já o grupo controle recebeu somente instruções gerais fornecidas a todos os participantes. Na fase de aquisição todos os grupos realizaram 180 rebatidas divididas em 60 por dia. Em seguida, eles realizaram um teste de transferência contendo 10 rebatidas com mudança da direção do outro alvo e, após 5 dias, um teste de retenção contendo 10 rebatidas nas mesmas condições da fase de aquisição. A variável dependente foi o acerto ao alvo localizado na quadra adversária. Os resultados mostraram que todos os grupos melhoraram os desempenhos na fase de aquisição, os quais foram mantidos nos testes de transferência e retenção. Entretanto, não foram encontradas diferenças entre os grupos. Concluiu-se que as aprendizagens do forehand com e sem a autofala apresentaram efeitos similares. E, ainda, que a autofala sobre quatro aspectos da tarefa foi similar àquelas com autofala de apenas um aspectoThe aim of this study was to investigate the effects of self-talk on the motor learning. The task was the forehand of the tennis. Eighty-four students were divided into five experimental groups and one control group (n = 14). One of the experimental groups used four cues for directing attention to key elements of forehand. The other groups have made use of only one of the four cues (ball, bounce, hit, ready), and the control group received only general instructions. In the acquisition phase all groups performed 180 trials which were divided into 60 per day. Then they performed a transfer test of 10 trials involving a shift in the target direction and, after 5 days a retention test was run with ten trials in the same conditions of the acquisition phase. The dependent variable was the hit to the target located in the opponent\'s court. The results showed that all groups improved their performances in the acquisition phase, which were kept in the retention and transfer tests. However, no differences were found between groups. It was concluded that the learning of the forehand with and without self-talk showed similar effects. And, that self-talk of four aspects of the task was similar to those with self-talk of only one aspect
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Farrow, Damian Thomas, and mikewood@deakin edu au. "The effects of contextual interference on children learning forehand tennis groundstrokes." Deakin University, 1995. http://tux.lib.deakin.edu.au./adt-VDU/public/adt-VDU20060727.112040.
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Previous research on contextual interference theory in controlled laboratory situations consistently illustrated that random practice was superior to blocked practice when learning motor skills. However, when considered in relation to physical education class settings the findings of the contextual interference experiments were not as uniform. Furthermore, the results of the contextual interference research were ambiguous when an open skill was used as the experimental task, with no definite trend evident. Random practice was found more effective for learning (del Rey, 1989) whereas French, Rink and Werner (1990) demonstrated blocked practice to be superior. In the present study, the influence of high and low contextual interference as practice schedules was investigated within an applied sports setting using an open sports skill as the experimental task. Two groups of boys and girls, 8-9 and 10-12 years of age, were taught a forehand tennis groundstroke using both their preferred and non-preferred hands over a ten week coaching and practice period. The findings showed that male subjects were significantly better at the experimental task than female subjects at the pre-test stage only. The result also demonstrated that the 10-12 year old subjects were significantly better than the 8-9 year olds at the task with the exception of the preferred hand at the post and retention test stage. The contextual interference effect was demonstrated in the retention phase on the preferred hand of the 10-12 year old subjects where the random practice group was significantly better than the blocked practice group in an applied sports setting. These findings were discussed in relation to the role of cognition in the learning of these motor skills and the influence of the subjects related background experiences.
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Zhang, Peng. "The effects of play practice on teaching table tennis forehand skills." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1211575204.
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Zhang, Zhiqing. "Biomechanical analysis and model development applied to table tennis forehand strokes." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2017. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/24902.
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Table tennis playing involves complex spatial movement of the racket and human body. It takes much effort for the novice players to better mimic expert players. The evaluation of motion patterns during table tennis training, which is usually achieved by coaches, is important for novice trainees to improve faster. However, traditional coaching relies heavily on coaches qualitative observation and subjective evaluation. While past literature shows considerable potential in applying biomechanical analysis and classification for motion pattern assessment to improve novice table tennis players, little published work was found on table tennis biomechanics. To attempt to overcome the problems and fill the gaps, this research aims to quantify the movement of table tennis strokes, to identify the motion pattern differences between experts and novices, and to develop a model for automatic evaluation of the motion quality for an individual. Firstly, a novel method for comprehensive quantification and measurement of the kinematic motion of racket and human body is proposed. In addition, a novel method based on racket centre velocity profile is proposed to segment and normalize the motion data. Secondly, a controlled experiment was conducted to collect motion data of expert and novice players during forehand strokes. Statistical analysis was performed to determine the motion differences between the expert and the novice groups. The experts exhibited significantly different motion patterns with faster racket centre velocity and smaller racket plane angle, different standing posture and joint angular velocity, etc. Lastly, a support vector machine (SVM) classification technique was employed to build a model for motion pattern evaluation. The model development was based on experimental data with different feature selection methods and SVM kernels to achieve the best performance (F1 score) through cross-validated and Nelder-Mead method. Results showed that the SVM classification model exhibited good performance with an average model performance above 90% in distinguishing the stroke motion between expert and novice players. This research helps to better understand the biomechanical mechanisms of table tennis strokes, which will ultimately aid the improvement of novice players. The phase segmentation and normalization methods for table tennis strokes are novel, unambiguous and straightforward to apply. The quantitative comparison identified the comprehensive differences in motion between experts and novice players for racket and human body in continuous phase time, which is a novel contribution. The proposed classification model shows potential in the application of SVM to table tennis biomechanics and can be exploited for automatic coaching.
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Zhang, Peng. "The Effects of Play Pracice on Teaching Table Tennis Forehand Skills." The Ohio State University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1211575204.
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Neto, Ludgero Braga. "Características dinâmicas e eletromiográficas do forehand e backhand em tenistas: uma perspectiva biomecânica para avaliar o desempenho." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/39/39132/tde-11082008-113504/.
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O forehand e o backhand são as técnicas de movimentos mais utilizados no tênis. São golpes técnicos de complexa execução, pois dependem de uma perfeita sincronização temporal entre o movimento da raquete e a trajetória da bola. A literatura especializada demonstra que o posicionamento dos pés é fundamental para gerar potência nestes golpes e registra basicamente dois tipos de forehand quanto ao posicionamento dos pés: forehand open stance (FOS) e forehand square stance (FSS). A técnica de backhand, desde o início da prática da modalidade, apresenta duas maneiras de ser executada: com uma mão (BK1) ou com duas mãos (BK2) segurando o cabo da raquete. Pesquisas científicas específicas nesta modalidade esportiva têm se tornado razoavelmente freqüentes nas últimas duas décadas. O objetivo deste estudo é descrever as características biomecânicas a partir de parâmetros dinâmicos, cinemáticos e eletromiográficos segundo variáveis e músculos relacionados experimentalmente em função da utilização das quatro técnicas descritas acima. Através do conhecimento destas características biomecânicas, pretende-se ainda estabelecer uma relação de dependência quanto às influências no desempenho técnico esportivo. A amostra foi composta por dez indivíduos do sexo masculino, que possuíam domínio das técnicas analisadas. Ao analisarmos os resultados que reúnem as variáveis Biomecânicas estudadas, percebemos que é possível aceitar parcialmente a hipótese inicial de nosso estudo: as técnicas FOS e BK2 demandam maior ativação muscular quando comparadas com as técnicas FSS e BK1, respectivamente. Observando-se ainda os resultados de eletromiografia, verificamos a predominância de valores mais elevados de ativação muscular para as técnicas FOS e BK2 durante a fase pós-impacto, confirmando-se, portanto a hipótese inicial. Porém, durante a fase pré-impacto, os valores mais elevados de ativação muscular foram observados nas técnicas FSS e BK1, contrariando desta maneira a hipótese inicial. Concluímos, portanto, distintos comportamentos entre as duas técnicas de forehand e backhand, principalmente ao analisarmos as fases pré e pós-impacto, o que nos permitiu uma análise técnica detalhada dos gestos esportivos estudados, dada a complexidade estrutural dos mesmosThe forehand and the backhand are the most common movements in tennis. They are technical strokes of complex execution because they depend on perfect temporal synchronization between the racket\'s movement and the ball\'s trajectory. The tennis literature on the subject shows that the feet\'s positioning is crucial to generate power during these strokes. Two kinds of forehand are identified: the forehand open stance (FOS) and the forehand square stance (FSS). The backhand, since its origin, has appeared in two forms: the one-handed grip (BK1) and the two-handed grip (BK2). Scientific research on the subject has been conducted regularly during the two decades. Hence, the aim of this study is to describe the biomechanical characteristics within dynamic, kinematic and electromyographic parameters, and according to variables and experimentally related muscles in relation to the four different tennis techniques. In addition, through knowledge of these biomechanical characteristics, this thesis intends to identify the influences on technical sports performance. The sample was composed of males (n=10) that have mastery of the forehand and backhand strokes. After analyzing the results that evolve Biomechanics variables studied, we realized that it\'s possible to partially accept the initial hypothesis of our study: the forehand open stance and backhand strokes with both hands demand greater muscle activation when they are compared with forehand square stance and backhand stoke with just one hand, respectively. Still, observing the results of electromyography, we verified the predominance of the highest values of muscle activation for forehand open stance and backhand strokes with both hands during the post-impact phase, it\'s, thus, confirming the initial hypothesis. However, during the pre-impact phase, the highest values of muscle activation were observed in the forehand square stance and backhand strokes with one hand, counteracting, in this way, the initial hypothesis. We concluded, therefore, distinct behaviors between the two forehand and backhand strokes, mainly to analyze the pre and post-impact phase, which allowed us a detailed technical analysis of the sportive gestures studied, owing to its structural complexity
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Currie, Gary. "Optimizing racquethead-shuttle interaction for an effective overhead forehand clear in badminton." Thesis, McGill University, 1989. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=59550.
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The purpose of this investigation was to determine, the difference in selected kinematic variables of the shuttle-racquet head interaction for players of different ability levels executing the badminton overhead forehand clear. These variables included, (1) resultant velocity of the racquet head at contact, and (2) time between peak velocity and contact. This study also examined the total horizontal displacement of the shuttle after contact, the angle of deviation of the shuttle, the time of flight of the shuttle, the angle of projection of the shuttle after contact, and the shuttle velocity after contact. Six volunteer male subjects were divided equally into three groups corresponding to their ability; novice, intermediate, and advanced. Data were collected using a high speed motion picture camera. The data did not establish significant differences between the three groups with respect to the racquet head velocity at contact, or for the time differences between peak velocity and contact time. However, it was found that the angle of projection of the shuttle as well as the flight time of the shuttle decreased with ability.
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Law, Chi-hang. "Chunking occurs when rules are relevant to analogy learning in forehand topspin stroke of table tennis /." View the Table of Contents & Abstract, 2005. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B31941436.
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Law, Chi-hang, and 羅知行. "Chunking occurs when rules are relevant to analogy learning in forehand topspin stroke of table tennis." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2005. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B45013913.
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Sogut, Mustafa. "The Effects Of Rhythm Training On Tennis Performance." Phd thesis, METU, 2009. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12610859/index.pdf.
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The purpose of the study wereto compare the effects of tennis specific and general rhythm training on the forehand consistency performance, rhythmic competence, tennis playing level and agility performance, and to examine the effects of different tempos on rhythmic competence of tennis players. 30 university students whose mean score of International Tennis Number (ITN) was 7.3 (SD=0.9) were divided randomly into three sub-groups: tennis group (TG), general rhythm training group (GRTG), and tennis-specific rhythm training group (TRTG). Measurement instruments were ITN, Agility Test, Rhythmic Competence Analysis Test (RCAT), and Untimed Consecutive Rally Test (UCRT). A Kruskal-Wallis Test was conducted to calculate possible differences between initial scores and to compare improvement scores of groups. A Mann-Whitney U Test was conducted to determine pairwise comparisons of groups for improvement scores and to analyze RCAT scores for different tempos. Results revealed that participants in both rhythm training groups (GRTG and TRTG) improved their forehand consistency performance and rhythmic competence significantly after training period. Results for the improvement scores indicated that there was significant difference in UCRT (3m) between TRTG and TG and in RCAT (50) between both rhythm training groups and TG. On the other hand, participation to additional rhythm trainings was unable to differentiate tennis playing level and agility performance of groups. There was no significant difference between rhythm training groups for all parameters tested. Results also revealed that synchronization of participants&rsquo
movements with the external stimulus was more precise at fast tempo than at slow tempo.
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Genevois, Cyril. "Effets de l'entrainement sur la performance en coup droit et l'hypersollicitation du membre supérieur en tennis." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO10327/document.
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L'objectif de ce travail de doctorat étati d'examiner les modalités d'entrainement permettant de développer la vitesse de balle post impact en coup droit au tennis, tout en évaluant les risques potantiels d'hypersollicitation de l'épaule qui pourraient en résulter. Les résultats de nos différentes études ont montré que la puissance maximale développée lors d'un lancer de medecine-ball (MB) à 2 mains sur le côté expliquait 25% de la variation de la vitesse maximale de balle en coup droit et qu'elle était atteinte en utilisant une masse de MB de 5,7% du poids de corps du joueur. Toutefois, les relations entre les distances obtenues lors de ce type de lancer et la vitesse de balle en coup droit sont faibles. En revanche, les lancers de MB sur le côté à une main ont démontré une relation significative avec la vitesse maximale de balle en coup droit. Un entrainement de six semaines basé sur l'utilisation de ce type de lancers a augmenté la vitesse de balle de 11% mais la précision des coups tendait à diminuer. Finalement, un entraînement incorporant des frappes de balle avec une raquette lestée d'environ 12% a également amélioré la vitesse maximale de balle en coup droit (5%), tout en conservant la précision des coups. Enfi, la comparaison de la coordiantion musculaire entre lesles deux types de lancers de MB et la frappe en coup droit a montré que les muscles du tronc et du membre supérieur testés présentaient des modèles d'activité musculaire et des niveaux de sollicitations similaires. Ainsi, les craintes concernant un potentiel de blessure ne sembleraient pas justifiées. Ainsi, les résulats de ces tudes ont contribué à la périodisation de la préparation physique pour l'amélioration de la performance en coup droit chez le joueur de tennis compétiteur amateurThis work aimed at exploring the training modalities to develop maximal post impact ball velocity fo the tennis forehand drive, while assessing the potential risk of upper limb oeruse. The results of our studies showed that maximal power developed during a two-handed side medecine-ball(MB) throw explained 25% of the variation of maximal forehand ball velocitiy, and was achieved when using a MB mass of 5,7 % of player's body weight. However, the relationship between throwing distances and maximal ball velocity of forehand drive was weak. By contrast, a significant relationship was found between the performance for the one-handed side MB throw and the maximal velocity of the forehand drive. A six-week trainig program based on one-hand MB throws increased the ball velocity by 11%, but the shot accuracy tended to be reduced. In the same way, a six-week training program including forehand drives with an overweighted racketr about 12 % allowed the maximal forehand ball velocity to be improved (5%), without alteration in theshot accuracy. Finally, the comparison of muscular coordination between both MB throws and the forehand drive demonstrated that the trunk and upper limb muscles presented similar activity pattern and levels. The potentials for injury risk would thus not justify. In conclusion, the finding of this work contributed to the periodization of the strength and conditioning training in order to improve the forehand drive performance in nonprofessional competitive tennis players
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Doya, Racha. "Contribution à l'étude des effets d'un programme d'activités physiques adaptées durant la grossesse chez la femme." Thesis, Valenciennes, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014VALE0005/document.
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La grossesse chez la femme peut avoir des répercussions sur la santé physique (SP), la qualité de la vie (QV), et conduire à certaines limitations lors des activités de la vie quotidiennes (AVQ).Dans un premier temps, nous confirmons la fréquence assez élevée des douleurs chez la femme sédentaire durant la grossesse. Ces douleurs sont associées à une diminution de la QV et de la SP conduisant à des effets défavorables voire risqués sur la réalisation de certaines AVQ telle que la traversée d’une rue. En post-partum (PP), ces douleurs ont perduré avec toujours un effet négatif sur la QV et la SP. Dans un deuxième temps, nous abordons l’association entre les douleurs et un changement de la motricité sportive en PP. Ces effets négatifs de la grossesse menacent la vie sportive de la femme restée sédentaire durant la grossesse. Ainsi, elle ne réalise plus le geste du coup droit au tennis, utilisé comme paradigme, de la même manière. Dans un troisième temps, nous proposons un programme de renforcement musculaire centré sur le tronc pour contribuer à contrecarrer les effets négatifs. Les effets de ce programme semblent prometteurs et globalement plus importants que ceux des autres programmes de la littérature. Les femmes actives durant la grossesse ont une intensité nettement plus faible de douleurs, leur permettant de préserver une meilleure SP et une meilleur QV, conduisant à plus de facilité et moins de prise de risque lors de cette même tâche de traversée de rue. Le maintien de l’effet de notre programme est également mise en évidence en PP avec toujours une intensité des douleurs plus faible et une bonne QV et SP. Le geste technique de tennis (coup droit) en PP montre que les femmes sportives et actives durant la grossesse réalisent ce geste, de la même manière que sans grossesse. Enfin, nous avons montré que les effets de la grossesse sont peu différents chez les femmes sportives ou non lorsqu’il s’agit d’une grossesse sédentaire. De même, les effets de notre programme, durant la grossesse, sont globalement similaires sur des femmes déjà sportives ou nonThe pregnancy in women can affect physical health (PH), quality of life (QoL), and lead to some limitations in activities of daily life (ADL). Firstly, we confirm the high frequency of pain in sedentary women during pregnancy. These pains associated with a decrease in PH and in QoL leading to adverse effects or risks in the achievement of some ADL such as crossing a street. In post-partum (PP) period, these pains persisted with always a negative effect on the QoL and PH. Secondly, weconsider the association between pain and changes in motor function in a sportive gestural in women in PP period. These negative effects of pregnancy threaten the sporting life of the woman which remained sedentary during pregnancy. Thus, she does not realize the forehand in tennis, used as a paradigm, in the same manner. Thirdly, we propose a strengthening general program centered on the trunk to help counteract the negative effects. The effects of this program are promising and generally more important than those of other programs in the literature. Active women during pregnancy have a significantly lower intensity of pain, enabling them to preserve a better PH and a better QoL, leading to more ease and less risk-taking during this same task crossing street. Maintaining the effect of our program is also evidence in PP, always with lower pain intensity and a better QoL and PH. The technical gesture in tennis (the forehand) in PP shows that the sportive and active women during pregnancy realize this gesture, in the same manner as without pregnancy. Finally, we showed that the effects of pregnancy are only slightly different in sportive or non-sportive women when it is a sedentary pregnancy. Similarly, the effects of our program, during pregnancy, are overall similar in women already sportive or not
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Häller, Thomas Vincent. "Improved altertness through forehead cooling /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2009. http://www.ub.unibe.ch/content/bibliotheken_sammlungen/sondersammlungen/dissen_bestellformular/index_ger.html.
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Kleintjes, Wayne George. "The vascular anatomy of the forehead related to forehead flaps and its application in plastic and reconstructive surgery." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/1144.
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Warburton, Mark. "Physically based forehead modelling and animation including wrinkles." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2014. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/7994/.
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There has been a vast amount of research on the production of realistic facial models and animations, which is one of the most challenging areas of computer graphics. Recently, there has been an increased interest in the use of physically based approaches for facial animation, whereby the effects of muscle contractions are propagated through facial soft-tissue models to automatically deform them in a more realistic and anatomically accurate manner. Presented in this thesis is a fully physically based approach for efficiently producing realistic-looking animations of facial movement, including animation of expressive wrinkles, focussing on the forehead. This is done by modelling more physics-based behaviour than current computer graphics approaches. The presented research has two major components. The first is a novel model creation process to automatically create animatable non-conforming hexahedral finite element (FE) simulation models of facial soft tissue from any surface mesh that contains hole-free volumes. The generated multi-layered voxel-based models are immediately ready for simulation, with skin layers and element material properties, muscle properties, and boundary conditions being automatically computed. The second major component is an advanced optimised GPU-based process to simulate and visualise these models over time using the total Lagrangian explicit dynamic (TLED) formulation of the FE method. An anatomical muscle contraction model computes active and transversely isotropic passive muscle stresses, while advanced boundary conditions enable the sliding effect between the superficial and deep soft-tissue layers to be simulated. Soft-tissue models and animations with varying complexity are presented, from a simple soft-tissue-block model with uniform layers of skin and muscle, to a complex forehead model. These demonstrate the flexibility of the animation approach to produce detailed animations of realistic gross- and fine-scale soft-tissue movement, including wrinkles, with different muscle structures and material parameters, for example, to animate different-aged skin. Owing to the detail and accuracy of the models and simulations, the animation approach could also be used for applications outside of computer graphics, such as surgical applications. Furthermore, the animation approach can be used to animate any multi-layered soft body (not just soft tissue).
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Linhares, Daniele Sigal. "A relação da projeção do terço inferior da face com a região da glabela." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/23/23151/tde-03072017-154552/.
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O terço inferior da face exerce uma forte influência na estética dos indivíduos, e sabendo-se da importância do seu equilíbrio, e da contribuição do ortodontista quanto ao diagnóstico do perfil facial, o presente estudo teve por finalidades testar um método de correlação entre uma medida linear localizada a partir da região da glabela com medidas lineares anteroposteriores no terço inferior da face (Triviño, 2012), e verificar a previsibilidade de proporções anteroposteriores no terço inferior da face, a partir de uma linha de referência passando por um ponto na região da glabela. Desenhos anatômicos foram realizados através de telerradiografias em norma lateral de 120 indivíduos com harmonia facial, leucodermas e relação molar de classe I, com o intuito de estabelecer parâmetros cefalométricos para correlacionar referências anteroposteriores do terço inferior da face a partir das linhas Sv-PRT e PRTv, obtidas através do ponto PRT. A aplicabilidade do método foi realizada em um grupo de 24 indivíduos com perfil desagradável, em que considerou insatisfatória a aplicação das fórmulas de previsibilidade utilizando a linha Sv-PRT, como uma referência para determinar as proporções anteroposteriores do terço inferior da face em alguns pacientes. O método que considerou a linha PRTv como referência, através dos métodos estatísticos de correlação de Pearson e regressão linear múltipla, apresentou resultados estatisticamente significativos para todos os valores de referência nos indivíduos do gênero feminino e nos indivíduos do gênero masculino (PRTv-Ls, PRTv-Li e PRT-Pg\'). Foi utilizado o Teste t-Student para verificar que as medidas não foram estatisticamente significativas de acordo com o gênero. Os resultados deste estudo mostraram ser coerente considerar a região da glabela como uma referência de avaliação e diagnóstico para as proporções anteroposteriores do terço inferior da face.The lower third of the face exerts a strong influence on the aesthetics of individuals, and knowing the importance of its balance, and the orthodontist\'s contribution to the diagnosis of the facial profile, the present study had the purpose to test a method of correlation between a linear measure located from the glabella region with linear anteroposterior measurements on the lower third of the face (Triviño, 2012), and verify the predictability of anteroposterior proportions in the lower third of the face, from a reference line through a point in the glabella region. Anatomical tracings from lateral cephalometric radiographs of 120 individuals with balanced profile, leucoderm and class I were performed in order to establish cephalometric parameters to correlate anteroposterior references of the lower third of the face from the lines Sv-PRT and PRTv, obtained through the PRT point. The applicability of the method was performed in a group of 24 individuals with an unpleasant profile, in which it considered the predictability formulas that used the Sv-PRT line as an unsatisfactory reference to determine the anteroposterior proportions of the lower third of the face in some patients. The method that considered the PRTv line as a reference, using Pearson\'s statistical methods of correlation and multiple linear regression, presented statistically significant results for all reference values in females and males (PRTv-Ls, PRTv -Li and PRT-Pg\'). The Student t-test was used to verify that the measures were not statistically significant according to gender. The results of this study showed that it is coherent to consider the glabella region as an evaluation and diagnostic reference for the anteroposterior proportions of the lower third of the face.
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Dresher, Russell Paul. "Wearable Forehead Pulse Oximetry: Minimization of Motion and Pressure Artifacts." Link to electronic thesis, 2006. http://www.wpi.edu/Pubs/ETD/Available/etd-050306-104212/.
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Thesis (M.S.)--Worcester Polytechnic Institute.Keywords: sensor attachment, wearable sensor, pulse oximetry, motion artifact, contact pressure, remote physiological monitoring. Includes bibliographical references (p.54-57).
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Worden, William Lamont. "Response of choroid and forehead blood flow to systemic phenylephrine infusion." [New Haven, Conn. : s.n.], 2007. http://ymtdl.med.yale.edu/theses/available/etd-08282007-153017/.
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Tai, Yu-Lin, and 戴幼琳. "Trunk EMG during tennis forehand stroke." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/66289612655402860415.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺灣師範大學
運動科學研究所
101
Purpose: To investigate the change of electromyography (EMG) on trunk muscles during a tennis forehand stroke in different stances and directions. Methods: Twelve advanced males tennis players (right handed) performed two stances (open & square stance) and directions (crosscourt & down the line) forehand stroke. The left and right external oblique (LEO & REO), latissimus dorsi (LLD & RLD), and erector spinae (LES & RES) EMGs were collected and compared. The image time of every motion recorded by CASIO digital camera was divided into the preparation, acceleration and follow through phases. A 3-way ANOVAs of repeated measures (α = .05) and LSD for posteriori comparison were used for analysis. Results: The LEO muscle activation was affected by directions. The EMG of crosscourt hits was greater than down the line hits. The interaction of directions and phases impacted on REO, while LES was influenced by the interaction of stances and phases, but they both were no significant in three phases. Also, six muscles were affected by phases. The activation in the acceleration phase were the hightest, except for the LES, the transforming percentage of peak was greater in the preparation phase to the follow through phase, others five muscles changed from the follow through to the preparation phase. Conclusion: It’s important to train LEO muscle to intensify forehand drive crosscourt. During a tennis forehand stroke, LES muscle will activate first. It is the key point to start the force for the trunk with forward racket swing.
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Chien, Chien-Hua, and 簡健華. "Biomechanical Analysis of Table Tennis Forehand Drives." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/29169049798548514216.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺灣師範大學
體育學系在職進修碩士班
98
The purpose of this study was to investigate the kinematical variations between the movements of forehand drive in straight and diagonal line when receiving topspin and backspin services of elite table tennis male players. Five collegiate elite table tennis male players in Taiwan were served as the participants. Ten Vicon Motion Capture systems MX13+ (250 Hz) were used to collect the movements of forehand drives, and the Vicon Nexus 1.4 soft ware was used to calculate the kinematic parameters. All the variables were tested by Friedman two-way analysis of variance nonparametric statistical test which was calculated by SPSS 17.0, and the post-hoc comparison were calculated by the Excel software, the significant levels as α = .05. The results as follows: The duration time of each phase of the forehand drives were different. The duration time of backswing were significant less while receiving the backspin than receiving the topspin. The duration time of swing forward movement in diagonal line was less than in straight line. In the swing velocity at contact point and the peak velocity of swing, the drive of receiving backspin was faster than receiving topspin. The center of gravity (COG) of receiving backspin drive in straight line was the lowest among the four movements while in the end of backswing, the contact point and the fastest swing point. The relative sagittal distance between the racket and the COG at contact of forehand drive in diagonal line were more than the distance of the straight line. The racket tilt angle was less when receiving the topspin than the backspin. The shoulder axis (upper trunk) rotation of receiving backspin in diagonal line was the greatest among the four different drives, and it was the least while receiving topspin in straight line drive. There were significant differences in the upper and the lower limb joints angle and angular velocities among the four different drives.
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Hsueh, Yi-Chang, and 薛尹彰. "Biomechanical analysis of badminton forehand net shots." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/grngrm.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺灣師範大學
體育學系
97
Net shot is the finest skill in the badminton game. The dab shot, the stab shot and the cross court net shot are the main techniques of this skill. The purpose of this study was to compare the kinematics and electromyography variables of forehand dab shot, stab shot and cross court shot of badminton. The subjects were eight elite collegiate male badminton players (ages: 21 ± 2 years; height: 176 ± 8cm; weight: 68 ± 6 kg). The mark trajectories were collected by VICON system (250Hz) and the kinematic variables were computed by Visual 3D software. The electromyography variables were recorded by the Biovision system (1000Hz) and analyzed by the DasyLab 6.0 software. All the variables were tested by Friedman two-way analysis of variance nonparametric statistical test which was calculated by SPSS 13.0, and the post-hoc comparison were calculated by the Excel software, the significant levels as α= .05. The results were: There was a less angle between the racket surface and the horizontal plane in the dab net shot, the players would slower the upper limbs stretch movement and co-contract the upper limb muscle groups before the contact point. The players performed the stab net shot with a faster COG displacement, stretched distal segments and a sequence burst in muscle groups of dominate limbs in order to make a faster racket velocity to stab the shuttle. The players performed cross court net shot with an obvious trunk rotation, upper arm interotation, forearm pronation and greater angle in racket surface with horizontal plane to hit the shuttle. We should slow down the movements in the dab shot to reduce the reaction force between the racket and the shuttle. The players should performed a faster stretch of distal segments and COG in stab net in order to create a greater eccentric force to hit the shuttle. The players increased the upper arm interotation and the forearm pronation to hit the shuttle by inward racket swing.
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WANG, Lu-Miin, and 王露敏. "Biomechanical Analysis of Badminton Forehand and Backhand Services." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/10061376356274593611.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺灣師範大學
體育學系
98
The purpose of this study was comparing the EMG and kinematical variables between badminton forehand and backhand services. Eight collegiate level one male badminton players (age: 19.63 ±1.5 yr, height: 175.25 ±6.32 cm, weight: 66.75 ±4.77 kg, experience: 9.38 ±1.19 yr.) in Taiwan served as the participants. The EMG variables were recorded by the Biovision system (1000hz) to collected the surface EMG signal of eleven muscles on the dominate right-hand, including flexor carpi ulnaris, pronator teres, flexor carpi radialis, extensor carpi radialis, brachioradialis muscle, biceps brachii, triceps brachii, pectoralis major, anterior deltoideus, posterior deltoideus, trapezius. The EMG and IEMG signals were analyzed by AcqKnowledge 3.9.1 software. The kinematical variables were recorded by Vicon MX-13 system (250Hz) and computed by Vicon nexus1.2 software. The Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed-rank nonparametric statistical test was to test between forehand and backhand serves for the differences in EMG data and motion variables. The Friedman two-way variance analysis of nonparametric statistical test was to test among three different path serves (low, flat and clear serves). The statistical analysis were calculated by the software of SPSS 17.0 and the post-hoc comparison were calculated by the Excel software, the significant levels as at α=.05. The results showed that there were the greater contact heights, the shorter distance, the less movement time and less expectable in the backhand serves than in the forehand serves. During serving, the backhand serves seemed having more advantages than the forehand serves. In rapid serves just like the flat and clear serves, there were greater EMG amplitude signals on the triceps brachii and posterior deltoideus. As on the results of this study, we recommend that the badminton players should used the backhand serves in the games to increase the possibility to win the game.
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Chia-Yu, Chen, and 陳佳郁. "The Effect of Constraints on Tennis Forehand Stroke." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/00304583234974131619.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺灣師範大學
體育學系
99
Tennis is one of the common physical education curriculums in colleges and the forehand stroke is the most important fundamentals. The beginners usually can easily meet the assessment requirement when hitting against the wall, but the performance level significantly dropped when transferring to the court. Purpose: The study investigated the performance outcome and the coordination pattern of the tennis beginners when executing the forehand strokes under different environment and task constraints. Methods: Eight male college students majoring in PE related areas were instructed to execute the forehand stroke under 2 environmental conditions (to the wall and on the court) and 2 distances (6m and 9m from the net/wall). Gyro 3D motion digitizing system (120Hz) was used to capture the movement kinematics of the 12 joints, yielding a total of 36 dimensions of the movement for principal component analysis (PCA). Two synchronized high-speed cameras (200Hz) captured the movements of the participants and the moments of ball contact. These data were analyzed with the Kwon 3D motion digitizing system. Performance outcome was recorded by another digital camera placed on the front of the target areas. Results: The performance outcomes at 6-m were significantly better than those at 9-m; and the performance outcomes in the wall environment were significantly higher than those on the court. The influence of the distance to the court environment was larger than that in the wall environment. The contact points in the short distance were in advance to the long situation. The speed of the ball before contact were higher for the long distance conditions than that for the short distance conditions, and the variability of the ball speed were higher on the court condition than that in the wall condition. The PCA results showed that the 4 or 5 principal components were sufficient to explain over 75% of variance for both environments. The swing movement of the forehand stroke on the court was interpreted by the 1st and 3rd components, and the left hand movement which was to maintain the balance of the swing movement was interpreted by the 2nd component. The 4th and 5th components were related to the lower limbs and right segments of the body movements. For the wall condition, the movements of the 1st, 2ed, 3rd and 4th components were similar to the 1st, 2ed, 4th and 5th components of the court condition, respectively. The results of effective value showed the range of the swing movement of the long distance shots were larger than the short distance shots. Conclusions: The different environments and distances showed different task difficulties, and the ball-racket contact points could also be the key factor for executing forehand stroke successfully. While the range of motion differentiated the long from the short distance strokes, the coordination patterns in both environmental conditions basically were the same.
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Shieh, Jia-Bin, and 謝嘉彬. "The qualitative analysis of badminton forehand overhead clear." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/87619867822837888626.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立體育學院
運動科學研究所
92
Badminton is one of the racket sports. There are many techniques to learn. The most important and basic skill is forehand overhead clear. The purpose of this research is focus on qualitative analysis of forehand overhead clear. We reviewed some articles and interview professional players, coaches, and then analyze and compare all these data. We also take serial pictures during the actions of forehand overhead clear by using digital camera. We got two results: 1. the model sketch of badminton forehand overhead clear by stroke athletic qualitative analysis. 2. Esteblishing the criteria sheet for forehand overhead clear. All these will help the beginner learning how to play it. Coach of badminton can diagnose if the player doing right by using them. Further more to correct the wrong position and prevent the damage from doing wrong. According to this research, we make some suggestions for teachers and coaches of badminton.
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Huang, Hsin-Hsueh, and 黃信學. "Biomechanical Analysis of Table Tennis Forehand and Backhand Drives." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/15199951154905119222.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺灣師範大學
體育學系在職進修碩士班
99
The purpose of this study was to combine the kinematics, kinetics and surface EMG methods to analyze six elite collegiate table tennis players in Taiwan (age: 21 ±4.69 yr, height: 173.5 ±4.59 cm, weight: 67 ±5.80 kg, experience: 12 ±4.52 yr.) when they were performing the forehand and backhand drives techniques while receiving the top spin and the under spin services. Ten VICON MX13+ Motion Capture systems (250 Hz), two KISTLER Force Plates (1500 Hz) and Noraxon Wireless EMG system (1500 Hz) were used to collect the kinematics of the dominate upper limb muscle groups, which were the wrist flexor, wrist extensor, biceps brachii, triceps brachii, pectoralis major, anterior deltoid and posterior deltoid. The EMG data were analyzed by using the Acknowledge software (1000Hz)., kinetics data and surface EMG signal. The Vicon Nexus 1.52 was used to calculate the kinematics and the kinetics data, the Noraxon software was to analyze the EMG signal parameters. All the variables were tested by Friedman two-way analysis of variance nonparametric statistical test, and the post-hoc comparisons were calculated by the Excel software. The Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed-rank nonparametric statistical test was to test the different variables between forehand and backhand drives, the significant level was at α =.05. The results were as follows: there was a significant difference that the forehand drive was greater than backhand drive in the following variables, the return initial velocity of the ball, racket swing velocity, the velocity of center of gravity, racket upswing displacement and the height of center of gravity at the contact point. There was greater racket tilt angle and a lower center of mass when return backspin serve. In ground reaction forces, there was a significant correlation between anteroposterior impulse and horizontal racket anteroposterior velocity. In EMG, The anterior deltoid, pectoralis major, flexor carpi radialis and extensor carpi ulnaris in forehand drives, the posterior deltoid, triceps and extensor carpi ulnaris in back hand drives exerted the greater muscular amplitude during the swing forward phase. There were co-contractions between Biceps Brachii and Triceps Brachii, Flexor carpi radialis and Extensor carpi ulnaris in forehand drives during upswing phase, while a less co-contraction in backhand. The muscular strategy and the patterns of the forehand and backhand drives in elite table tennis players were not the same.
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Wu, Chin-Tai, and 吳金黛. "Biomechanics of lower extremities during forehand volley in tennis." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/52201350310122436942.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立成功大學
體育健康育與休閒研究所
96
The purpose of this study is to investigate effect of foot insole on lower extremities biomechanics during the cutting movement of forehand volley in tennis. Six male tennis players without history of lower limb injury volunteered for this investigation. Subjects perform three cutting angles movements (0°, 30° & 60°) to hit a dropping ball with a racket. Subjects are asked to wear a tennis shoe (Adidas 012508, size US: 9.5) under two conditions: with its insole and an adhesive insole. Eight-cameras vedio system (Motion Analysis Corp., Santa, Rosa, CA, US) was used to collect the data (different condition in cutting angles and insole) of 3D kinematics. One force platform (Kitsler, Type 9281B, 1000Hz) was used to determine the ground reaction force (GRF). During the experiment, both the motion analysis system and the Kitsler’s force platform are activated at the same time. The result shows that there is no significant difference in the kinematics parameters of the ankle during early stance. Because the movement during early stance is belong to a task-oriented skill, which would lead to different modifications by the subjects. Highest medio-lateral and vertical forces occurred while performing 0° cutting angle with adhesive insole, that increases the stop ability during early stance. The eversion angle, and angular velocity, plantarflexion angle and angular velocity increase with an increase in cutting angle with normal insole during late stance. According to the results, the subjects perform higher cutting angle with normal insole seem to have higher chance to get Achilles tendon injury. The risk factors of adhesive insole with 60° cutting angle are smaller than normal insole. Therefore, the subjects perform 60° cutting angle with adhesive insole has more ankle stability than normal insole during the late stance. Most tennis injuries in lower extremity seem to be caused by push-off during the late stance, and the reduction of foot slipping inside the shoe would improve the ankle stability.
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tsai, ya-shih, and 蔡雅詩. "Kinematics Analysis of of badminton forehand and backhand serves." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/z35xmv.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺灣師範大學
體育學系在職進修碩士班
97
The purpose of this study was to analyze the kinematical variables of the badminton players when they were performing forehand and backhand serve. Four collegiate elite female badminton players in Taiwan were served as the subjects. Ten Vicon MX-13+ cameras (Vicon, Oxford, UK, 300Hz) were used to record the 3D kinematics data and calculated by Vicon Nexus 1.2 system. The nonparametric statistical test of the Wilcoxon matched-paired signed-rank test between forehand and backhand serve for the differences in kinematics at a .05 significant level. The other way was tested by Friedman analysis of variance nonparametric statistical test which was calculated by SPSS 12.0, and the post-hoc comparison were calculated by the Excel software, the significant levels as α= .05. The result is that in the forehand serving motions of the three different dropping locations, the time of hitting the shuttle is long serve drive serve short shot. There are clues in the time of swinging the racket. There are noticeable differences between ulnar flexion of the long serve and drive serve and the short serve of radial flexion. There are noticeable differences between the hitting points and the front or back or left or right distance from the physical center of gravity. In the forehand serving, I suggest to enhance the steadiness of all joints in the twisting forearm because the hitting point is far from the physical center of gravity. If one can fix the angle of the forearm in the process of twisting the body, one can hit the hitting point more correctly. In the backhand serving motions of the three different dropping locations, all depend on the flexion of the wrist.There are also noticeable differences between the hitting points and the front or back distance from the physical center of gravity. In the forehand and backhand serving, I suggest that players enhance the explosive force of the joint of wrist so that at the moment of hitting the shuttle, they can change the force and angle and shorten the time of swinging the racket, which will have an unexpected effect. At the same dropping locations, there are no noticeable differences between forehand and backhand serving of the three different shots. The unclear differences may be caused by only a few data from subjects.
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Chen, Yu-Ta, and 陳昱達. "Kinematic analysis of active and passive badminton forehand smashes." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/r4375z.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺灣師範大學
體育學系
97
The purpose of this study was to compare the kinematics variables of active and passive badminton forehand smashes. Ten male badminton first level collegiate players were served as the subjects. Ten Vicon MX-13+ cameras (Vicon, Oxford, UK, 250Hz) were used to record the 3D kinematic data and computed by Vicon Nexus 1.3 system. The nonparametric statistical test of the Wilcoxon matched-paired signed-rank test was used to compare the kinematic differences between active and passive forehand smashes at a .05 significant level. The results showed that the initial shuttle velocity during the active smash was greater than the passive smash may due to a better location of contact and the center of gravity (COG) movement, whereas the passive smash performed a shorter movement duration time. There were significant differences between the two smashes in the upper arm angles due to the variation of the posture at striking. Moreover, most of the upper arm angular velocity for the active smash was faster than the passive action. We also found that the internal rotation for the shoulder and the pronation for the wrist were the most important in the two forehand smashes. The trunk with active smash showed greater angular velocity, and seemed to accord with the stretch-shortening cycle (SSC) theory. Therefore, active smash can be beneficial to powerful attack and passive smash can be beneficial to instantaneous attack.
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Chang, Yu-Hsueh, and 張鈺雪. "Grip force analysis of badminton forehand net kill stroke." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/62457050467859313418.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺灣師範大學
體育學系
103
The purpose of this study was to investigate the grip force of the badminton players when they were performed forehand net kill technique. Eight college elite badminton players served as the participants in this study. The palm pressure sensors (Tekscan Grip 4255N) were pasted on the fingers and the palm, Tekscan software was used to collect finger grip force. A Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed-rank nonparametric statistical test was conducted to compare the differences between every two spots in the hands. The results showed there were significant differences in the duration time of the movements with each other. The shortest duration time was the swing phase in the movement (0.07sec), followed by the lift the racket, third for the preparation period, the longest period to follow. The max force of middle finger, index finger, little finger, the second to fourth metacarpal, ring finger and the first metacarpal were generated in the swing phase before impact. In the whole action process, the middle finger, index finger, ring finger and little finger played an important role in controlling force and stabilizing racket. Since the racket compression during the movement, the maximum force was generated after the impact in the fifth metacarpal. Also at the following phase, each knuckle generated the second peak force in order to stabilize the racket.
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Lao, Iong Tek, and 柳融迪. "Exploring the coordination patterns of badminton backcourt forehand swing." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/79562841957010260648.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺灣師範大學
運動科學研究所
100
Badminton in Asia has been a quite prevalent sport. In recent years, Taiwan's badminton players had great performance in the international competitions. In Badminton games, the consistent movement patterns of the swing are considered to be advantageous because of the reduction of the preparation time from the opponents before returning the shots . Literatures on the backcourt overhead strokes have indicated that there are no differences during the preparation phase of the strokes for the clear, drop, and smash shot, however, there are differences at the striking point of the 3 strokes. In this study, the coordination patterns of the forward swing from the 3 types of stroke were investigated based on the dynamical systems theory. Purpose: To investigate the differences of the coordination patterns of the clear, drop, and smash shot under the actual and deceiving conditions. Methods: Eight national level badminton players participated in the study. Two high-speed cameras and Kwon 3D 3.1 software were used to capture the kinematics of the joints of the wrist, elbow and shoulder. The two-way repeated measure ANOVA was used to analyze the angle-angle diagram and the relative phase of each pair of joints in three different shots and 2 different conditions. Results: The shoulder joints are more stable than the elbow and wrist joints in the spatial coordination pattern. The wrist and elbow joints are more stable in the temporal coordination pattern. Conclusions: The spatial coordination patterns of the shoulder-wrist joints from the swing phase to the striking phase are different when the deceiving shots are implemented. These differences can be used as the important pre cue for the receiving shots from the opponents.
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Liang, Hsi-Chien, and 梁世建. "Table Tennis Forehand Drive Movement Three-Dimensional Kinamatics Analysis." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/25051005181668015853.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺北教育大學
體育學系碩士班
95
Table Tennis Forehand Drive Movement Three-Dimensional Kinamatics Analysis Advisor: Tsu-Lin Wong, Ph.D. Graduat Student: Hsi-Chien Liang Abstract This research aims to examine table tennis (ping pong) forehand drive movements during paddle raising (preparation) period, swing to hit (strike) period, continued swing period, and return to original posture period. Specifically this research examines the kinematics parameters related to: time, distance, displacement, and speed of paddle swing, as well as player joint angle changes and speeds of joint changes, and speed and displacement of player center of gravity changes. The test subjects include two female adult team members of the Guo Tai Table Tennis team, who are also Taiwan National Team members, and two junior male members of Taiwan National Team. All four players are right-handed and hold their paddles in the “handshake” style with the reversed rubber face of the paddle used in forehand drive. The average age, height, and weight of the players are 15.53 ± 1.01 years old, 160.25 ± 4.79 cm, and 58.75 ± 11.64 Kg, respectively. The equipment includes two Mega Speed (120 Hz) video cameras for synchronized taping. Before the experiments, the equipment recorded the 3D reference frame for 5 seconds, and 21 reflectors were placed on each player at important joint locations. A Smart-Pong szs-3000 robot was used to produce long, topspin serves, and forehand drives from the players were video taped. The images were processed with Kwon motion analysis system model trimmer, Direct Linear Transformation, and Wave Filter. Then, the data were processed with Excel and Origin statistic and graphing software to obtain kinematics parameters of human body in the 3D movements. These experiments produced the following results: (1) Forehand drive movement duration ratios: paddle raising period accounts for about 20% of the whole movement duration, swing to hit period accounts for about 10%, continued swing after the hit accounts for about 17%, and return to the original posture accounts for about 39%. The entire durations in the current studies are similar to those previously reported. However, the present studies show relatively shorter duration for paddle raising and longer duration for return to the original posture; these are different from the previously reported findings. (2) Forehand drive displacement ratios: paddle raising accounts for about 24% of the entire displacement (distance), swinging the paddle to hit the ball accounts for about 23%, continued swing after the hit accounts for about 28%. The entire distances are similar to previously reported results. However, current studies revealed shorter distances for the paddle raising and longer distance for the return to the original posture. These two aspects are also different from the previous studies. (3) Results from the current studies revealed that the average paddle swing speed is 11.00 ± 1.30 meter/second, and the maximum speed average is 15.71 ± 0.01 meter/second. These results are very similar to previous results. (4) Changes in the angles of the shoulder joints and the elbow joints during a forehand drive: paddle raising period: 3.06 ± 8.60 degrees for the shoulder joint, and 37.44 ± 12.47 degrees for the elbow joint; swing to hit the ball: 21.55 ± 7.47 degrees for the shoulder joint, and -18.68 ± 8.34 degrees for the elbow joint; continued swing after the hit: 37.87 ± 9.81 degrees for the shoulder joint, and -29.76 ± 12.57 degrees for the elbow joint; return to the original posture: -59.99 ± 8.79 degrees for the shoulder joint, and 2.91 ± 13.42 degrees for the elbow joint. These results, like previously reported results, show substantial variations among the players. (5) The upper limb joint movement speeds progressively increase from the proximal end to the distal end, i.e., paddle speed > wrist speed > elbow speed > shoulder speed. This observation is consistent with human body movement chain principles. Both adult National Team members have various joint movement speeds faster than those of the two junior National Team members. These results are similar to the previously reposted results. Although these results do not completely conform to whipping effects, they are generally consistent with such effects. Furthermore, one of the players (Shong Nai Yi), who has the most changes in the shoulder and elbow joints, also has the maximum swing speed. (6) Both adult National Team members have better parameters in their torso and upper and lower limb joint speeds, the average and peak speeds of the center of gravity, and the smoothness of the trace of their center of gravity. In particular, during the critical period of swinging the paddle to hit the ball, only one player (Shong Nai Yi) has consistency between her general movement direction and her center of gravity moving direction in the 3D space. This result should be worth the attention of future investigators. Results from the current studies are generally consistent with those previously reported. Table tennis is a special sport that is commonly associated with player variations due to different movement or strike styles. However, based on kinematics parameter analysis of players in action, it is hoped that one can deduce the scientific principles of this sport or find out the meaning or clue of the best movement. If future investigators can use more advanced scientific equipment, software, or combine with studies of training method, these studies will catch the interests of coaches and players and serve as references for future trainings. Keywords: table tennis, forehand drive, kinematics.
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Huang, Ping-Chang, and 黃炳璋. "Inertia Sensor Applied to Badminton Forehand Drop Shot Vibration Analysis." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/44196797261165698688.
Full textAbstract:
碩士樹德科技大學
資訊工程系碩士班
101
Goal: to study to apply the inertia sensor in analyzing the acceleration of badminton forehand drop shots of the female top players. Method: The subjects of the study are ten right-handed National Personal Ranking Competition Badminton players (aged 16.1 ± 2.18 years, height 161.6 ± 3.2 cm, weight 54.9 ± 3.14 kg, ball age 7.5 ± 2.17 years). The study applied wireless inertial sensor (including triaxial accelerometers, the sampling frequency is 3333Hz) on experimental rackets, and with a high-speed camera and speed gun to retrieve the information of the racket vibration when the players repeatedly hit the ball 20 times, and used frequency domain analysis, time domain analysis, vibration time, ball points to analyze the statistical differences. Result： 1.The study found that there was no significant difference in t-test when the same player used the racket was with or without inertial sensors. 2.There was a significant difference that the ball speed of the best players were faster than that of the second best players. 3.To compare the racket amplitude frequency spectrum analysis, the average of the best players’ batting point in appropriate areas was more than seven times, which was significantly stabler than the second best players. 4.In the spectrum analysis, in the Y-axis direction (lateral direction), the best players had more amplitude in 78~156Hz but the second best players did not. In the Z-axis direction (forward direction), the best players had more amplitude in 78~195 Hz but the second best players did not. 5.There were significant differences between the best players and second players in the frequent area analysis of the maximum, average, total rated power of the racket acceleration. 6.There was a significant difference that in the racket vibration time in three axises , the best players’ was lower than the second best players’. 7.There were significant differences between the best players and second best players in the time-domain analysis of the maximum, average, total rated power of the racket acceleration in triaxial and the values of the best players were greater than them of the second best players. 8.The Pitch angle (ρ ) for the best players refers to 12.29 and that for the second best players refers to 12.04. There is little difference. As for the Roll (ϕ) angle, their performance refers to 55.01 and 47.45 respectively. There is substantial difference. As for Theta (θ) angle, their performance refers to 56.81 and 59.3 respectively. There is little difference. Conclusion： 1.The Racket with wireless inertial sensors would not affect the player’s hitting performance. 2.There was a significant difference that the ball speed of the best players was faster than the second best players. 3.In the X-axis and Z-axis, the vibration frequency of the best players was more obvious than that of the second best players. In the Y-axis, there was no obvious vibration frequence among the best and second best players. 4.The best players would loosen the grip of the racket after hitting balls, while the second best players would not. 5.There were significant differences between the best players and the second best players in the maximum, average, total power rate of the racket acceleration, and the X-axis direction (upward direction) was the most differently valued. 6.The study found that from the X-axis and Z-axis, in the hitting process, the best players accelerated the pressing down faster than the second best players did. Suggestion： The analysis of the experimental data about the X-axis and Z-axis acceleration and angle when hitting balls may offer relevant information and modals to professional coaches for training players in the future.
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SU, YI-SHEN, and 蘇依審. "Effects of Teaching Methods on Tennis beginners Forehand/Backhand Performance." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/21444659090768413647.
Full textAbstract:
碩士中國文化大學
體育學系運動教練碩博士班
105
This study mainly discusses about two different teaching methods including fun and traditional. According to different curriculum design patterns, we can find out the differences between satisfaction and skills of students. In this study, 40 tennis beginners from Grade 7 of National High School in Taipei were selected as experimental group. The tennis skill test and the tennis learning satisfaction were used as the tools. The students were divided into two groups by random sampling. One group is the fun of teaching group, and the other group is the traditional teaching group. After eight weeks of experimental teaching, we can see the test scores for the learning effect before and after teaching. With independent samples and dependent samples T test statistical analysis, the results are summarized as follows: First, the students in the fun group had significant differences in boring sensation, but the traditional group did not reach significant differences. The fun group felt more enjoy than the traditional group in learning. Second, the learning skills of students in both fun and traditional group were significantly different. Fun and traditional groups’ forehand stroke were significant differences, while the backhand strokes’ were not significant differences. The fun group learned better than the traditional group.
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Cheng, Kuang-Chih, and 鄭光志. "Information of badminton forehand shots from dynamic point light display." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/6qja9n.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺灣師範大學
體育學系
96
The purpose of this study was to examine the invariant information of badminton forehand shots from dynamic point light data alone. A motion digitizing system (GypsyGyro-18) and a high speed camera (200 Hz) was used to capture 6 forehand strokes of badminton from six badminton elite players and six PE major students. The kinematics data were converted to 15-point of biological motion data including drop, smash and clear shots to both left and right side of the court. Experiment 1: 25 badminton experts and 33 PE major students were recruited to view 144 biological motion clips of the preparatory phase of badminton shots and to identify where the shuttlecock landed. The results showed certain invariant information could be used for both groups, but the percentage of accuracy was low. Furthermore, experts group had better performance in predicting the landing position of the shots, and the depth was more accurately identified than the left-and-right direction. Experiment 2: 12 performers viewed 72 biological motion clips of their complete badminton shots and identified which ones were performed by themselves. The results showed that the performers were unable to identify their own movement and PE group tended to misidentify themselves to be the elites. In conclusion, biological motion can provide invariant information of performance without personal characteristics. The information invariants were provided with the specific mode and affordance also played a role in detecting it.
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Chang, Yu-Ping, and 張有萍. "Inertial Sensor Applied to Movement Analysis on Badminton Forehand Striking Clear." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/60283323922811526591.
Full textAbstract:
碩士樹德科技大學
資訊工程系碩士班
101
Objective: This research applies the inertial sensors to identify the ball speed, movement and strength differences between two groups of female badminton players in striking forehand overhead clear. Subject: Two players from Group A are right-handed (height 160 ± 2.8 cm, weight 57 ± 1.4 kg, within the age of 19 ± 2.8 years, and playing experience 10 ± 2.8 years). Another two players from Group B are also right-handed (height 160 ± 1.4 cm, weight 51.5 ± 2.1 kg, within the age of 15 years old and playing experience 6 years). Methods: The experiment equips each player right palm, right wrist, and right elbow with wireless inertial sensors (includes triaxial accelerometers, sampling rate of 620Hz). The study uses high-speed cameras and speed-gun for data and shots motion analysis. Results: The present study offers seven significant findings. First, in the individual player test, with or without the sensor when hitting the ball, the speed shows no significant difference. Second, with or without the sensor, the ball speed of Group A is significantly faster than Group B. Third, the wrist and elbow accelerations of both groups are significantly different when the players are hitting the ball.Fourth, the minimum and total power in the hand and wrist from Group A are significantly larger than Group B when the players are hitting the ball. Five, when the players are hitting the ball, the result suggests maximum strength is from the wrist, secondly from the palm, and elbow contributes for minimum strength. Six, by applying the motion stability cyclic annular area formula to calculate the ranges from two time zones, the result shows the player b motion stability from Group A are significantly better than the player c and d from Group B. Seven, the study suggest kinetic chain performances are different from each players, however in the individual test, evey single player’s kinetic chain sequence does not change much. Conclusion: first, with or without the sensor does not affect the players’ performance in striking the forehand overhead clear. Second, the players from Group A perform the significantly faster spot speed of striking the ball. Third, the players from Group A show the better motion stability than the Group B players, furthermore, the closer to the striking spot the motion stability is better. Fourth, the players'' personal kinetic chain is quite consistent, which means that after training the players’skill are improving and getting steadier. Implication: The study establishes a reference norm from the Group A players. This norm provides better understanding for badminton coaches when offering training for badminton players.
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Li, Chin-Hsiao, and 李金孝. "Inertial Sensor Applied to Movement Analysis on Badminton Forehand Drop Shot." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/24600681939625259379.
Full textAbstract:
碩士樹德科技大學
資訊工程系碩士班
101
ABSTRACT The objective of this research applies the inertial sensors to identify the body movement and ball speed differences between domestic two groups of female badminton players in striking forehand drop shot. The subjects are three athletes from Group A, right-handed. Before being a Group A athlete, she has to the pass ranking matches which are held by Chinese Taipei Badminton Association: singles in top three, doubles in top two, and she is qualified. As to Group B athlete, her place should be within fourth and eighth. The methods are equips each player right palm, right wrist, and right elbow with inertial sensors (which includes triaxial accelerometers, sampling rate is 620Hz) and uses high-speed cameras and speed sensor radar to get the ball speed, palm, wrist, elbow acceleration and the data of movement sequence, checking whether they have significant differences( is 0.05). The research results are as follows: First, the individual player with or without the sensor when hitting the ball, the speed shows no significant difference. Second, players with or without the sensors, the ball speed of Group A players are all faster than Group B players and it shows significant differences. Third, when the players are hitting forehand drops, the pale, wrist and elbow accelerations of both groups are significantly different. Fourth, the minimum and total power in the hand and wrist from Group A are larger than Group B when the players are hitting the ball and it shows significant differences. Fifth, the analysis of movement sequence shows the Group A players'' last force points are on the wrist, which meet the badminton skill. However, Group B players'' last force points are on the palm, which didn’t meet the badminton skill. According to the suggestion of the researcher, first, the key point of an outstanding athlete is the ball speed. The training of an athlete can strengthen the body turning speed to raise the instant striking speed. Second, because the Group A players’ last force point are on wrists, we can analyze and adjust athletes’ movement sequence on training, make their last force points on wrists, and enhance the ability on tactical exercise. Keywords: wireless transmission, accelerometer, movement sequence
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Chu, Hung-Chun, and 朱宏鈞. "Inertial Sensor Applied to Badminton Forehand Striking Clear Racket Vibration Analysis." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/74727908107142732670.
Full textAbstract:
碩士樹德科技大學
資訊工程系碩士班
101
Objective: This research investigates racket vibration of striking the forehand overhead clear by using inertial sensors, the racket vibratory acceleration and vibration when the female badminton players are striking the forehand overhand clear. Subject: The study divided 10 skillful female badminton players into two groups. The present study categorizes these players as elite and good players. Group A, categorized as elite, contains five right-handed female players (height 160.8 ± 3.1 cm, weight 55 ± 3.6 kg, within the age of 17.8 ± 1.8 years, and playing experience 9.4 ± 0.9 years). Similarly, Group B, categorized as good, consists of five female players, who are also right-handed (height 162.4 ± 3.4 cm, weight 52.4 ± 1.8 kg, age of 14.4±0.5 year old and playing experience 5.6±years). Methods: The experiment attaches wireless inertial sensors on the badminton racket (i.e. triaxial accelerometers, with a sampling frequency of 3333Hz). The experiment also uses a high-speed camera and speed gun. These instruments enable the researcher to collect the data of the hitting time, batting point on the racket and racket vibration, and furthermore to do the statistical analysis. Results: The study offers six interesting results. First, a player with or without inertial sensors on racket shows no significant difference on a t-test analysis. Second, the ball speed from Group A is significantly faster than female players from Group B. Third, the comparative analysis between the batting points and the number of vibration shows that three players from Group A (i.e. player a and c) and Group B (i.e. player h) perform higher steadiness. Fourth, the analysis of the average value and the total power in the racket Z axis (i.e. direction of the ball hitting) acceleration in the frequency domain indicates that Group A has a significant higher value than the Group B. Fifth, in the Z-axis acceleration domain, all the players are significantly different from each other in the items of maximum value, minimum value and total power. Six, the result on racket vibration time and XYZ axis indicate a significant difference between the two groups of badminton player (i.e. Group A and Group B). The result also suggests that racket vibration of players from Group A has shorter time than the players from Group B. Conclusion: First, with or without wireless inertial sensors does not affect players’ performance when striking the forehand overhead clear. Second, The result suggest that elite players from Group A has faster ball speed than the good players from Group B. Third, two elite players from Group A (i.e. player a and c) and one player from Group B (i.e. player h) show high accuracy on the batting point. Fourth, the force situation of players from Group A are larger than players from Group B. Finally, the time of vibration analysis shows that players from Group A, elite group immediately relaxed after hitting, while players from Group B were not. Implication: The study establishes a reference norm from the Group A players. This norm provides a better reference for badminton coaches when offering training for badminton players.
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Chiang, Shao-Chun, and 江少鈞. "The Inverse Dynamic and Kinematic Analysis During Forehand in Soft Tennis." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/16052316134105248639.
Full textAbstract:
碩士臺北巿立體育學院
運動科學研究所
97
The aim of this research was to investigate the kinematic parameters of upper joint of soft tennis players during forehand swing and using dynamics and inverses dynamics to calculate the horizontal, vertical force and net muscle torque of upper limbs (wrist, elbow and shoulder joint) during the process of forehand hitting. The participators of this study were five elite collage soft tennis players, using two high speed cameras (500Hz) and motion software to analyze kinematic parameters of player swinging and applied inverses dynamics to calculate the force and torque of upper joints. The result of this research was showing some subjects: 1. The kinematic parameters of upper joint were faster from shoulder to wrist joint to be whipping effect. 2. The swinging motion was expectably coincident with the stroking pattern of the subjects. 3. In the inverses dynamic analysis showed that the shoulder joint had the bigger power than other two joints of ball stroking.
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Wei, Chun-Ta, and 魏君達. "An analysis of the motion of forehand loop in table tennis." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/89056170983040153899.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺灣體育大學(桃園)
運動技術研究所
96
The purpose of the study was to evaluate the motion of skills of fore-hand loop of elite table tennis players. The subjects of the study were eleven male national grand master athletes of table tennis in R.O.C. The study method was that we videoed players’ motions of fore-hand loop to returned back-spin ball, then decomposed the continual movie to serial pictures for analysis and commented subjectively by four raters, with the rater reliability 0.865, on those data of each player’s skills of fore-hand loop. By the main study of quantities and characters of their motions, the results we achieved were as follows. (1) There were twelve items of common important key point of the motion of skills of fore-hand loop of those eleven players. (2) On other seven items, there were inconsistent skill motions characteristics with individual players. The conclusions of the study were that within the nineteen items the motion of skills of fore-hand loop, there were twelve items the motion of skills of fore-hand loop should be correctly performed by elite table tennis players. Few inconsistent the motion of skills should be the key points that owing to the player’s physical condition, striking method and position.
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Wu, Cheng-Chang, and 吳政璋. "The study of decision time and motion unpredictability in badminton forehand strokes." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/e5736a.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺東大學
體育學系碩士班
97
There were two experiments in this study. Experiment 1: The purpose was to investigate the effects of decision time situations (7 start-up times of light signals) and 3 types of forehand strokes (Cutting, Smash & Clear) on badminton players
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Yang, Chang-Chan, and 楊昌展. "Biomechanical analysis of badminton forehand and backhand smash strokes in collegiate players." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/06832125314655860036.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺灣師範大學
體育學系
94
The purpose of this study was to compare the kinematics variables of badminton forehand and backhand smash strokes. Two Redlake high-speed digital cameras (250Hz) were used to record the kinematics data of 8 collegiate badminton players when they were performing the forehand and the backhand grip smashes. A Kwon3D 3.1 motion analyzer was used to digitize the image and analyze the data. A t-test was used to test the selected variables at .05 significant levels. The results showed that the forehand smash was significant greater than the backhand smash in the initial shuttle velocity, the initial shuttle angle and the contact height. During the contact, there were significant difference between forehand and backhand smash strokes on the right elbow angle, left elbow angle, right shoulder angle, left shoulder angle, right hip angle, left hip angle, left ankle angle, and the distance between the contact and the center of gravity(COG). During the three phases of this study, there were significant difference between forehand and backhand smash strokes on the displacement in the frontal axis of the COG, and the angular velocity of the shoulder axis in the horizontal plane. During the lowest of the COG to the lowest position of the racket and the lowest position of the racket to the contact, there were significant difference between forehand and backhand smash strokes on the displacement in the longitudinal axis of the COG, and the angular velocity of the hip axis in the horizontal plane. As the result of this study, the displacement in the frontal axis of the COG is greater than forehand, but the angular velocity of the shoulder axis and the hip axis is less than forehand smash. Key words: biomechanics, badminton, forehand, backhand, 3D
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Lin, Pei-Ling, and 林姵伶. "Wireless MEMS Sensors System Applied in Tennis Forehand Top Spin Return Movement Analysis." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/17820681103871883856.
Full textAbstract:
碩士樹德科技大學
資訊工程系碩士班
99
The purpose of this study was using the wireless MEMS sensors system to analyses the spin forehand in tennis and compwere the gravity on each limb segment sensors. The Freescale''s acceleration MEMS chip, Freescale-13213 wireless sensor network systems integration chips and Gyroscope were involved in the research . The MMA3202-chip were used to measure X-axis± 100g andY-axis ± 50g.Besides, MMA1210-chip Z-axis ± 100g which measurement sampling frequency is 500Hz. Moreover,XY-axis gyroscope chip is IDG-650, Z-axis wafer is ISZ-650 and the test value of is about +3200 ° to 2600 °. The research object players can be comfortable in the test without discomfort feeling. The average of senior high school students’ height of were 174.2 cm+4.76 cm.The average weight are 66.6 kg+5.98.The average age are 17.2 years old+ .84. Besides they were all right-handed players. On the other sides, the group of junior players height were average 164 cm +8.8 cm, The average weight were 51 kg+ 8.57 .The average agewere 14.2 years-old. And they were right-handed players also. The player’s serve must to entered the serve area. Then it could recognize and collect for 10 times. The diverseness of each groups of the significance level subscribes for α= 0.05 . The finding are as follow: （1）The speed of the movement between in each group players with wearing wireless sensors or not was not reach significant difference (*p<.05). （2）Comparing to upper limbs segment g value it can be found that the senior high school group were better than high school group and junior group of players in the right wrist ,(Y＆Z axis), the left knee right waist (Z axis) and reached to significant difference (*p<.05).Besides, the right wrist, right shoulder (X axis), left knee, and right waist reached to the maximum value of g (Z axis) .The right elbow reached to maximum g value (X, Y axis) at the moment of hitting segment tile the flow through movement. During this time, the grip reached to the maximum g value(X,Y axis) （3）In terms of stability , both of the two groups in each axis reached to none significant difference （4）Comparing the two group of the players’ upper limbs, it can be founded that senior high school players were reaching to the significant difference(*p<.05) in grip(Z axis) and right wrist(Y axis). Recommendation: To establish dynamic map standards for testing national team for the coach which can be used during the training process. Besides, the coach should strength the players’ wrist, elbow and shoulder to increase the speed of swing and the rotation of the ball.
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WANG, PEI RONG, and 王沛蓉. "Kinematical Analysis of Badminton Forehand and Backhand Serves by Taiwan Collegiate Male Players." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/79465035274484468081.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺灣師範大學
體育學系
100
Serve is one of the basic techniques in badminton game. There are two main badminton serves, the forehand and the backhand. The purpose of this study was to explore the kinematical variations in the different paths (low, flat and clear serves) of the forehand and backhand serves while the players were performed both of forehand, backhand serves in central court and backhand serves in front court. Eight male collegiate level one badminton players in Taiwan were recruited as the participants. The 3D kinematical data of dominated upper limbs were recorded by 10 Vicon MX-13+ system infrared high speed digital cameras (250Hz) and computed by Nexus 1.4 system software. The Friedman two-way variance analysis of nonparametric statistical test was used to test among three different standing spots and different path serves. The statistical analysis was calculated by SPSS 18.0 and the post-hoc comparison were calculated by the Excel software, the significant levels was at α = .05. The results showed that the fastest angular velocity in upper limbs of the backhand serve occurred on the elbow extension and ulnar flexion. In forehand serve, it occurred on the ulnar flexion and the wrist flexion. Among different paths of forehand serving, there was a supination movement in low serve that there was pronation in flat and clear serves. There was a fastest elbow extension angular velocity in backhand flat serve while there was a greatest supination velocity in clear serve. The backhand serve is more popular now. Training on the wrist ulnar movement will be one of the efficient methods to increase the performance of the serves. As on the results of this study, we recommend that the players should used the backhand serves in the badminton games.
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Chen, Wen-Ching, and 陳玟靜. "A construction of forehand driving test for first level athletes in Table Tennis." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/94250344778617328514.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺灣體育大學(桃園)
運動技術研究所
96
The purpose of this study was to constructing a standard measurement protocol for forehand driving skill testing. 150 elite first level table tennis players volunteered to be subjects of this study. Methods: the forehand half-table was divided into three areas by the two square boards for accuracy measurement, and the score was recorded from 3 to 1 for forehand drive precision, smallest square(20×20cm) for 3 points, larger square for 2 points, the other area of half-table for 1 point, and got zero score if missed, respectively. Subjects had to use the forehand drive skill for 20 random forehand backspin from the server in forty seconds, and record the drop area of the opposite right side table for scores. In statistics, the many-facet Rasch model was used to analysis overall, male and female personal facets; tried facet, and category facet. In further, we had tried to establish the norms of forehand driving test by Winsteps. The results were as follows: the separation reliabilities of overall, male and female subject’s facets were 0.55, 0.49 and 0.52 respectively. All above variables’ answer to Rasch measurement model were discriminative, representative and data fit model. The difficulty value of test method facet was 0.00 ± 0.10 that which agreed to repeat measure results and test for homogeneity; in even, Fixed chi-square test results also support all same property. Besides, content validity, construct validity and statistical power were also supported by the results. Category facet results could be accepted, but did not achieve an ideal situation. The estimation of performance was different significantly between male and female. Finally, we tried to establish the norms of performance in different genders. In conclusion, the results of this study fitted Rasch measurement model, and forehand driving test had well validity and reliability. We suggested that the performance in different genders could be quantified by establishing the norms of males and females.
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Chen, San-Pao, and 陳三寶. "Wireless MEMS sensors system Used in Badminton Forehand Smash of Motion and Racket Analysis." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/08709930512246066957.
Full textAbstract:
碩士樹德科技大學
資訊工程系碩士班
100
ABSTRACT Purpose：By means of a wireless MEMS sensor system, the purpose of this study was to analyze the differences of the seven main limbs, and the acceleration and angular velocity of the rackets between elite and sub-elite badminton athletes. Method：With the wireless MEMS sensor system composed of a three-axis accelerometer and a gyroscope, four elite and five sub-elite athletes’ seven limbs and the acceleration and angular velocity are captured while they are jump smashing. And then these data are analyzed by the MS Excel and MatLab softwares. Results： 1. Elite athletes have longer duration in the air than sub-elite athletes because they better use their knees. 2. Elite athletes have longer duration in the air because they better use their waists. 3. The differences in the acceleration and the angular velocity of the shoulder between two groups are slight, but sub-elite athletes longer use their power and have more total acceleration power 4. Elite athletes swing their arms more obviously than sub-elite athletes. And there is much difference in the total power of the angular velocity, existing 10 times differences in three axes. 5. A large gap of the average maximum acceleration exists between two groups because the wrist of elite athletes can better accumulate the strength from the proximal limbs. And there is much difference in the maximum and the total power of the angular velocity, existing 12 times differences in three axes. 6. Elite athletes’ palms can instantly burst out their power of the whole body and they have better performances on acceleration. And there is much difference in the total power of the angular velocity, existing 11 times differences in three axes. 7. The kinetic chain is insignificant between two groups, and the sub-elite athletes’ palms can’t accumulate the strength from all the proximal limbs because their timing of turning around and flexing their wrists is not fixed. 8. Elite athletes have better motion stability in the proximal limbs (such as arm, shoulder, waist) because of relaxing and have worse motion stability in the distal limbs (such as palm,wrist) because of more average acceleration. Of all elite athletes, E athlete has better motion stability of all limbs while he is jump smashing. 9. From the vibration spectrum analysis of the racket, there is much difference in three axes in the full and low frequency, while a large difference in Y and Z axes in the high frequency, a slight difference in the middle frequency. 10. The average maximum acceleration of the racket in Z-axis is the most obvious. Of all elite athletes, D athlete has the most average maximum acceleration in three axes. 11. There is much difference in the negative maximum acceleration of the racket in Z-axis. 12. Sub-elite athletes have more total power of the racket vibration, which means they give more power to the racket. This is the same as the minimum analysis. 13. Sub-elite athletes have longer vibration of their rackets because they longer use their power. Conclusion: From the data analysis of the acceleration and angular velocity, there are small differences between two groups in the proximal limbs (such as knees, waist, shoulders), but a large gap in the distal limbs (such as arms, wrists, palms ). In order to compete in a high-intensity badminton tournament, the athletes must try to save energy as much as possible even though they have to swing back and forth for thousands of times. Thus, the biggest differences between elite and sub-elite athletes are that elite athletes can move with little action and relax soon after they smash. Suggestions: 1.From data analysis of this study, it can be clearly found that the biggest differences of elite and sub-elite athletes are in the wrists and palms. So these two parts of the body can be assessed for further understanding of the movements. This can allow tennis athletes and coaches to improve the performance of their techniques. 2. As for sub-elite athletes, D athlete can be chosen as a model for strength training, while E athlete, a model for motion stability. Keywords: badminton smash, angular velocity, accelerometer, gyroscope, motion stability, spectrum analysis
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Cho, Chun-Ling, and 卓俊淋. "The Inverse Dynamic Analysis of Joints of Upper Limb During Forehand Groundstroke in Tennis." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/51863455179133364676.
Full textAbstract:
碩士臺北巿立體育學院
運動科學研究所
95
The purpose of this study was to investigate the kinematic parameters of each joint of upper limbs during forehand groundstroke. Also, the inverse dynamics analysis was applied to inspect the horizontal, vertical forces and net muscle torque of wrist, elbow and shoulder during the process of forehand groundstroke. Five college tennis players were participated as subjects in this study. The following is the basic data of the experimenters. The average age is 22.4±2.3 years old. The average height is 174.6±3.2 cm. And the average weight is 69±4.2 kg. Two Mega Speed high-speed digital cameras(250Hz) and SIMI Motion software were used to collect the data. And we applied the inverse dynamics analysis to examine the force and torque for each joint of upper limb. The result of this study was expectably coincident with the stroking pattern of the subjects. During the whole process of the stroking, the elbow and the wrist were mostly expressing straining and flexing. Finally, the inverse dynamics analysis showed that the shoulder had the greatest force to keep stability of stroking.
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Yu, Mei-Ju, and 余美儒. "A construction of forehand counter loop testing for first level athletes in Table Tennis." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/03009192900592062339.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立體育大學
運動技術研究所
97
The purpose of the study was to construct the forehand counter loop testing for first level athletes in table tennis. The subjects were 106 players the first level of table tennis. The first step of this study were seven subjects that used forehand counter loop, each subject hit ten balls into one half of right area on table. Second, used chalk to draw where ten balls were located for each subjects. Then, used tape measure to calculated how many centimeters for each ball from baseline corner. Base on Rasch pattern rational category proportion measure category distance. It completed to divide a table-tennis table into three areas. The testing method was Multi-ball training. The tester service a drop to the subject side’s backhand area , and the subject hit the ball back to forehand area of the tester. Again, the tester sent ball Before pulling flushes the loop to the subject area counter loop. The destination put at one half of right area, counter loop twenty balls. The data were analyzed by Winsteps software. The results were: (1)the standard error of the mean of the trial and subject measures for this sample were 0.03 , that showed estimation was very accurate.(2)the testee date adjusting was suitable for Rasch measurement pattern.(3)probation measures were forehand counter loop technique testing was more efficient.(4)classification adjusting was effective, and proved testing effect.(5)to establish forehand counter loop technique testing ordinary pattern. A conclusion was that fiting the Rasch measurement model might construct the forehand counter loop of skill testing of the first level athletes in table tennis.
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Chao, Hsiao-Wen, and 趙曉雯. "The biomechanical analysis of elate male and female of forehand and backhand tennis poaching." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/c8fyq4.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺灣師範大學
體育學系
97
Purpose: Kinematics data and EMG data was collected from elite tennis players to determine the effects of the split step on the poaching action used in doubles tennis. Specifically the timing of the split step was examined to see if it affected the success rate of the poaching action. Methods: The subjects who participated in this study are: Eight male players (age 21 ± 2.33 years; height 182.06 ±2.73cm； weight 74.62 ± 6.23kg) and eight female players (age 20.9 ± 2.10 years; height 169.12 ± 3.52cm; weight 60.38 ± 5.73kg) who have no injury within six months and are ranked in the top 32 players of the country. The ball velocity and direction was controled by other players during the experiment. Two high-speed FASTEC Inline cameras were synchronized to collect 2D kinematics data. Nine Vicon Motion Capture System cameras and an EMG system were synchronized to collect 3D kinematics data. A dependent t-test was used to test the kinematic difference between forehand and backhand poaching. Conclusion: The following are the results of kinematics data : 1. The results of this research clearly show that the success rate of the forehand poaching for both male and female is much greater than the backhand poaching. Interestingly the speed of the split step is the same for both. 2. The change in the height of male’s center of gravity (CG) was greater on their backhand. This occurred at the time of the split step. For females, the greatest change in the height of the center of gravity (CG) occurred when their lead foot was planted on their forehand. The speed of the lateral movement of the center of gravity (CG) for female from the time the leading foot leaves the court to the moment the trailing foot is planted and the ball is struck, is faster on their backhand side. For male, the speed of the entire stroke for both forehand and backhand is the same. This is true for both male and female. Reaction time for male is fast for their forehand. The following are the results of electromyography (EMG) data : 1. The crouch of the split step takes longer than the jump. It is during the crouch that the muscle stores the energy needed for the jump. So the split step is an important step that prepares the leg muscles for the springing action needed in the footwork of the poaching action. 2. At the time of the crouch in the split step, the EMG activity of muscles is directly related to whether the player will hit a forehand or backhand stroke.
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Chiang, Jinn-Yen, and 江勁彥. "Muscle Activity and Kinematics Analysis of Different Forehand Drive Velocity in Male Tennis Players." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/15190881478388003475.
Full textAbstract:
博士國立體育大學
競技與教練科學研究所
102
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analysis the trunk and upper limb muscle activity and kinematics of different forehand drive in male tennis players. Method: Six elite and six recreational male tennis players were participated in this study. Muscle activity was determined using wireless surface electromyography and capture by the Vicon high-speed motion system. The EMG activity was recorded from eight muscles (Right external oblique: REO, Left external oblique: LEO, Right erector spinae: RES, Left erector spinae: LES, Right biceps: RB, Right triceps: RT, Right extensor carpi: REC, Right flexor carpi: RFC). The kinematics parameters were recorded from shoulder, elbow, wrist angle and angular velocity. (Shoulder addution / abdution: SHADD, Shoulder internal rotation / external rotation: SHINR, Elbow flexion / extension: ELF, Wrist flexion / extension: WRF). A two-way ANOVA with mixed design was used to evaluate on each EMG and kinematics variables. When a significant difference was revealed, Bonferroni post hoc test was used to specify where the difference occurred. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. Results: 1. During down the line acceleration phase, the REO activation of the elites group was significantly higher than the recreational group players (p <.05). 2. During crosscourt follow-through phase, the LES and REC activation of the recreational group was significantly higher than the elites group (p <.05). 3. During down the line acceleration phase, the high speed forehand drive of the SHADD angle was significantly less than the low speed (p <.05). 4. During crosscourt acceleration phase, the low speed forehand drive of the SHADD and SHINR angular velocity was significantly less than the high speed (p <.05). 5. During down the line follow-through phase, the forehand drive low speed of the ELF, WRF angular velocity was significantly less than the high speed (p <.05). Conclusion: Elite male tennis players were used more SHINR angular velocity to induce ball speed, resistance vibration transmission of ball impact and avoid excessive load on the elbow. The recreational players can priority training REO, LES RB and REC, SHINR muscles and induce SHINR angular velocity during forehand drive.