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Journal articles on the topic 'Foreign and employment Investments'
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Gardašević, Ana. "Employment and foreign direct investment." Ekonomski pregled 69, no. 5 (November 19, 2018): 552–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.32910/ep.69.5.4.
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The purpose of this study is to examine and better understand the effects of foreign direct investments on employment in Montenegro over the period from 2005-2017. Time series data on a quarterly basis, obtained from Central Bank of Montenegro, Statistical Office of Montenegro - MONSTAT and Employment Office of Montenegro were used in this research. To perform time series stationary testing, Dickey-Fuller test (ADF) and Perron test were used, i.e. the unit root tests, while the examination of the effects of foreign direct investments on employment was performed using the regression analysis with the least square method. The results of the research, obtained by the evaluation of the simple linear econometric model show that if foreign direct investments increase by 1%, employment in Montenegro can be expected to increase by an average of 0.0058%. However, the regression analysis results clearly show that over the total observed period, the influence of foreign direct investments on employment does not have statistical significance. The obtained results are not surprising, considering the fact that the observed period is characterized by a modest share of the greenfield investment within the total structure of foreign direct investments in the Montenegrin economy.
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Kłosiewicz-Górecka, Urszula. "Influence of entities with foreign capital investments on employment level." Wiadomości Statystyczne. The Polish Statistician 63, no. 2 (February 28, 2018): 60–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.0631.
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An aim of the article is to identify the impact of investment outlays by entities with foreign capital on employment in the Polish economy. The subject of research is quantitative changes of investment outlays and the number of employees in the economy as well as in entities with foreign capital. Correlation and comparative analyses of investments outlays and number of employees in entities with foreign capital by kinds of economic activity, i.e. Agriculture, forestry and fishing, Industry, Construction, Services, were used. Absolute data, Pearson correlation coefficients, dynamics and structure indicators, as well as relation between the dynamics of investment outlays and the number of employees were applied in the research. The survey was based on Statistics Poland data for the years 2009—2015. The analyses findings confirmed the hypothesis of the existence of substantial differences concerning the relationship between investments and employment in particular kinds of economic activity. In entities with foreign capital, there was a strong correlation between investment outlays and employment in industry, while moderate between investment outlays and employment in services. The dynamics of employment in entities with foreign capital was higher than the dynamics for all entities in the economy, whereas services received the highest rate in the employment structure.
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Feriyanto, Nur. "The effect of employment, economic growth, and investment on HDI: In provinces in Indonesia." Journal of Economics, Business & Accountancy Ventura 19, no. 1 (July 31, 2016): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.14414/jebav.v19i1.537.
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This study aims to analyze the effect of Number of Working People (Employment), Economic Growth Rate (EGR), and Investment on Human Development Index (HDI) in Indonesia, partially and simultaneously. This study used investments consisting of Domestic Investment (DI) and Foreign Direct Investment (FDI). It used the method of analysis of panel data regression analysis with the data from thirty-three provinces in Indonesia from 2006 to 2013. The results indicate that the employment variables have positive and significant impact to HDI in Indonesia. It shows that EGR does not affect HDI in Indonesia. However, Domestic and foreign direct investments partially have positive and significant effect on HDI in Indonesia. Simultaneously, the variables employment, EGR, domestic and foreign direct investments have a significant effect on the HDI in Indonesia.
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PJANIĆ, MILOŠ, and MIRELA MITRAŠEVIĆ. "FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT IN SERBIA." Kultura polisa, no. 44 (March 8, 2021): 253–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.51738/kpolisa2021.18.1r.4.01.
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In the process of globalization, the importance of foreign direct investment has changed significantly, because today they represent one of the most important factors of competitiveness, development and application of new technology, education, innovation and economic development. As a significant form of financing national economies, foreign direct investment is a form of investment that is realized outside the home country, where one of the most important goals of both developed and especially developing countries is to attract as much foreign direct investment. A large number of developing countries, including Serbia, have liberalized restrictions on foreign investment and free trade in the last two decades, liberalized national financial markets and begun privatization processes. Due to numerous problems and consequences of economic crises they have faced, many developing countries, as well as Serbia, view foreign direct investment as one of the most important factors for stimulating trade, employment growth, openness of national economies, and establishing overall macroeconomic stability. The aim of this paper is to point out the importance and dynamics of foreign direct investments in Serbia, as well as the key incentives for their attraction. Also, in addition to the theoretical review of foreign direct investments, the effects of foreign direct investments are presented in the paper.
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Osabohien, Romanus, Oluwalayomi David Awolola, Oluwatoyin Matthew, Osayande Queen Itua, and Esther Elomien. "Foreign direct investment inflow and employment in Nigeria." Investment Management and Financial Innovations 17, no. 1 (February 18, 2020): 77–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/imfi.17(1).2020.07.
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The advent of globalization has spurred the level of foreign direct investment (FDI), which has increased the employment level and economic growth in countries around the world. This scenario has also been debated in the extant literature. It is on this backdrop that this study was inspired to examine the relationship between FDI and the level of employment in Nigeria. The article uses the Fully Modified Ordinary Least Squares (FMOLS) and the Johansen co-integration econometric approach on the data, which were sourced from the World Development Indicators (WDI) of the World Bank and the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) statistical bulletin. The investigation period covered thirty-two years (1985–2017). Also, the authors adopted the theory of absorptive capacity as the baseline for the model. Results obtained from the study showed that foreign direct investment is statistically significant and positively related to the employment level in Nigeria. These findings imply that a 1 unit increase in the inflow of foreign direct investment to the Nigerian economy is capable of increasing the level of employment by about 0.97 units. Therefore, based on findings, the study is concluded by recommendations that the Nigerian economy should become viable through effective trade policies and programs, which are capable of attracting foreign direct investment into the Nigerian economy for employment creation. Acknowledgment(s) The publication support received from Covenant University Centre for Research, Innovation and Discovery (CUCRID) is appreciated
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Gómez-Plana, Antonio G., and María C. Latorre. "Digitalization, Multinationals and Employment: An Empirical Analysis of Their Causal Relationships." Jahrbücher für Nationalökonomie und Statistik 239, no. 3 (July 26, 2019): 399–439. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jbnst-2017-0153.
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Abstract This study measures the effects of digitalization related to Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) investment on employment and other economic variables according to firms‘ ownership. We present two computable general equilibrium models (with full employment and with unemployment) which differentiate two types of firms: National and foreign multinationals (MNEs). Both types of firms allow for the substitution between labour and ICT capital. We conclude that ICT investments significantly create jobs and raise real wages, GDP and welfare. The aggregate positive effects are stronger for ICT investment in national firms than in foreign MNEs although the sign of some sectoral effects can be negative. We also analyze the role of wage flexibility in this context, with the most favorable results related to scenarios where wages are more rigid for both cases, when investors are national firms or foreign MNEs. The model is applied to the case of Spain, a country with a high unemployment rate where ICT investment has been large since the mid 1990s.
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ZHAO, Hong. "China's Expanding Outward Foreign Direct Investment in Southeast Asia and its Impacts." East Asian Policy 05, no. 04 (October 2013): 87–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793930513000391.
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The surge in China's outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) has attracted considerable attention, largely projected as “neo-colonialism” in Africa and having potential effects on the host countries. In Southeast Asia, however, Chinese investment provides capital, employment, income and regional labour-division. This article analyses the nature and distribution of these investments, the main drivers of China's OFDI to Southeast Asia and the impact on economic integration in this region.
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Vlassis, Minas. "Employment-protecting Labour Market Institutions and Inward Foreign Direct Investments." LABOUR 23, no. 4 (December 2009): 677–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9914.2009.00462.x.
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Abdul Kohar, Umar Haiyat, Adela J. McMurray, and Konrad Peszynski. "The influence of foreign investment on Malaysian Bumiputera technology firms: 1957-2016." Journal of Management History 23, no. 3 (June 12, 2017): 278–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jmh-03-2017-0009.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to identify the historical influences and chronological development of foreign investors on Malaysian Bumiputera (indigenous) new technology-based small firms (NTBSFs). Design/methodology/approach Weick’s (1989) conceptual theory building approach is used to conduct a critical historical documentary analysis of the international, local, academic and government inward foreign investments literature from prior Malaysia’s independence (1957) through to 2016. Findings Increased foreign investment between 1957 and 2016 proved to be effective for Malaysia to transform its economy from a reliance on primary production to a focus on innovation and value-added industries such as the biotechnology and the information and communication and technology sectors. Research limitations/implications Local and international literature addressing inward foreign investments towards host countries yielded four key research implications: employment effects, strategic alliances, technology transfer and knowledge transfer. Creation of firm-specific resources in addition to government assistance, particularly through grants and advisory services, significantly contribute to the sustainability of Bumiputera NTBSFs. Practical implications Inward foreign investment through subsidiary multi-national companies (MNCs) leads to the formation of strategic alliances between MNCs and Bumiputera NTBSFs, generating employment opportunities, contributing to Malaysia’s development aims. Social implications Charting the chronological development and historical influence of foreign investment from a Malay-Bumiputera perspective provides an in-depth understanding of the evolution of what is now a multi-cultural Malaysian society. Originality/value This study provides a chronological development and discussion of the historical influences and implications of foreign investment towards the evolution and sustainability of Malaysian Bumiputera NTBSFs.
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Shkodra, MSc Nexhat, MSc Nermin Xhemili, and Dr Sc Myrvete Badivuku-Pantina. "Challenges and Problems in the Kosovo Reality Related to Foreign Direct Investment." ILIRIA International Review 5, no. 1 (June 30, 2015): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.21113/iir.v5i1.6.
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Economic development is a goal aspired by many countries of the world, Kosovo included. In attaining such goals, many countries face numerous difficulties. Amongst the most often taken paths by various countries is the attraction of foreign direct investments to the country.The term investment includes a wide range of human activities in engaging financial means into one of the areas: immoveable property, bonds and shares, manufacturing and service projects, scientific research, technological development, personnel education, etc.Different from internal investment which is engaged by domestic investors in their own territories, Foreign Direct Investment, the topic of our study, is a form of investment which generates revenues by a company in the country and an affiliate branch outside the investor’s seat. Foreign Direct Investments generate relations through the local company and its branches outside the country. Foreign Direct Investments (FDIs) are considered to be a strength giving life to economic development of a country, and especially the developing countries.They have an important role to play in a long-term development of a country, and not only as a capital source, but also in increasing competitive abilities of the domestic economy, by technological transfers, strengthening infrastructure, increased productivity and generation of new employment opportunities.
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Lahiri, Sajal, and Valerica Vlad. "Peace keeping in a model of conflict with foreign investments." Indian Growth and Development Review 13, no. 2 (November 14, 2019): 391–413. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/igdr-01-2019-0014.
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Purpose This paper aims to examine the role of outside peacekeepers in a bilateral conflict. Design/methodology/approach The authors build upon a trade theoretic framework by incorporating disruptions due to war, which could affect directly the return to investment, both domestic and foreign, and by introducing explicitly peacekeeping forces into the model. Two countries are engaged in a war, with the purpose of capturing capital. A third country plays a dual role: it is the source of investments in the warring countries, and it deploys soldiers on ground for peacekeeping purposes. The authors consider the cases where the levels of foreign investments are exogenous and when they are endogenously determined by free mobility conditions. In the worst case, they find that foreign investment reduces conflict. In the case of endogenous foreign investments, they examine the effect of multilateral agreements where the two warring countries reduce their number of soldiers and the third increases the number of peacekeepers. Findings The authors find that the reform benefits all three countries and increases the level of foreign investments. They consider the cases of exogenous and endogenous foreign direct investment (FDI). In the first case, the authors examine the effect of an exogenous increase in FDI on the war equilibrium and find that it reduces the employment of soldiers in the warring countries and increases the size of the peacekeeping force. They also find that the first-best level of peacekeeping is larger than the equilibrium level. When FDI is endogenous, starting from the initial war equilibrium, they also examine the effect of a multilateral agreement in which the size of the peacekeeping force is increased by the third country and the two warring countries agree to reduce their war efforts. The authors find that the reform makes all three countries better off and increases the level of FDI. Originality/value The paper uses a theoretical model with third-party interventions in a bilateral war. It intends to shed light on some of the missing economic implications of peacekeeping. The paper introduces explicitly peacekeeping forces into the analysis and introduces a factor that represents a disruption to return on investment in both warring countries. The third country has a dual role; it provides investments in the warring countries and deploys soldiers for peacekeeping. Peacekeeping reduces the disruption mentioned above and affects the employment of soldiers by the warring countries. The authors find that a multilateral agreement in which the two warring countries reduce their war efforts and the third party increases its peacekeeping force can increase welfare in all three countries.
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Aničić, Jugoslav, Svetlana Vukotić, Dušan Aničić, Vesna Petrović, and Dejan Čavić. "Investment policy factors of enterprises in Serbia: Agriculture and processing industry sectors." Ekonomika poljoprivrede 68, no. 1 (2021): 37–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/ekopolj2101037a.
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In this paper, the authors research and analyze the impact of factors that decisively influence making investment decisions in enterprises operating in the agriculture and processing industry sectors. The fact is that significant foreign direct investments have been coming to Serbia for many years, but the development gap with comparable countries in Central and Eastern Europe is not decreasing. Analysis show that economic development cannot be left only to the market and foreign investments, but an appropriate economic policy is needed to encourage public and private investments, based on domestic savings. Authors believe that companies from agriculture and processing industry should be carriers of economic growth and development, employment, exports and the creation of new value, but they need a stable and predictable business environment, as well as the support of official economic policy.
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FUJIKAWA, Kiyoshi, and Takatoshi WATANABE. "Foreign Direct Investment and Employment." Input-Output Analysis 12, no. 2 (2004): 3–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.11107/papaios.12.2_3.
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Montone, Maurizio, and Remco C. J. Zwinkels. "Investor Sentiment and Employment." Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis 55, no. 5 (September 16, 2019): 1581–618. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022109019000711.
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We develop a multi-country model with moral hazard and noise traders and show that investor sentiment should affect employment growth both domestically and abroad. Using a large sample of international industry-level data, we find strong support for the model’s predictions. We show that U.S. investor sentiment has a positive association with labor market conditions around the world, due to spillover effects as well as foreign direct investments from the United States. We also find that U.S. sentiment amplifies the negative effect of local financial crises on job losses, which supports the idea that financial development has a “dark side.”
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Pushkar, Zoriana, and Bohdan Pushkar. "PECULIARITIES OF PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM OF ENTERPRISE WITH FOREIGN CAPITAL." Regional’ni aspekti rozvitku produktivnih sil Ukraїni, no. 23 (2018): 91–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.35774/rarrpsu2018.23.091.
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The article describes the features of the personnel management system at the enterprise and the impact of foreign investments on its activities. The advantages (introduction of modern technologies, raising the level of qualification of labor force and employment, increasing the level of integrated use of raw materials) and the drawbacks of attracting foreign investments for enterprises of Ukraine are noted. There are a number of signs that negatively affect the functioning of enterprises (war, political instability, imperfect legislative framework on foreign investment, insufficient level of infrastructure development, inflation processes, etc.). An analysis of the modern state of investment activity is carried out on the example of the German company "Kromberg and Schubert Ukraine". The key to the success of the enterprise, its main values, requirements, which sets the guidance to the personnel are revealed. The motivational mechanism that exists at the enterprise is analyzed, the working conditions of the personnel are disclosed. The scientific novelty of this publication is the assessment of the personnel management system and the development of proposals that need to be taken into account in order to improve the management of the personnel and the investment attractiveness of other enterprises of the state and its regions.
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Pomelnikov, A. G. "How Economic Globalization Changes International Investment Decisions." International Journal of Accounting and Financial Reporting 9, no. 4 (October 11, 2019): 406. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijafr.v9i4.16129.
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This paper explains the need and development of new economic models to evaluate the possible outcomes of foreign investment. I consider the importance of foreign investment to emerging economies in a global economy, the effectiveness of traditional economic theory to accurately identify and quantify non-financial factors that affect investment outcomes, and the appearance of new economic models to more accurately reflect the complexity of foreign investment.Following an extensive review of publicly available data, I find that capital flows to emerging economies is less than capital flows from developing countries, thereby producing a net loss of productive capacity. I conclude that, despite the use of new economic models, the level of global foreign investments by investor nations will continue to decline over the medium term due to a rise in anti-trade rules and regulations to retain capital and secure domestic employment within the borders of the industrialized investing nations.
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Wu, Chen, and Gregory S. Burge. "Competing for Foreign Direct Investment." Public Finance Review 46, no. 6 (March 15, 2017): 1044–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1091142117698015.
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This article explores the effects of locally adopted economic development zones and government spending promoting foreign affairs on foreign direct investment (FDI)–related employment in Chinese provinces. While these policies are motivated by a desire for employment growth, empirical evidence supporting their effectiveness has proven elusive. Using data from Chinese provinces covering 1999 to 2012, we explore this relationship using a dynamic system generalized method of moments approach. We find some evidence that trade zones enhance FDI-related employment but find none to support the idea that industrial development zones and spending to promote foreign affairs increase employment. Conversely, regional spillovers are consistently found to increase FDI-related employment in our main results and all robustness checks. We argue this highlights the importance of crowd-out effects and agglomeration spillovers, and that coordinating FDI promotion policy across regions may compare favorably to the current approach, which mainly encourages local competition over a largely fixed pool of aggregate FDI.
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Zaremba, Michał. "Polish Investments on Non-European Markets." Ekonomia Międzynarodowa, no. 15 (September 30, 2016): 211–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/2082-4440.15.03.
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Foreign direct investment is probably one of the most visible signs of globalization in recent years. Developing countries seek FDIs as a potential tool to complement the level of domestic investment as well as a possible efficiency-gain in strument through the transfer of appropriate technology, management knowledge, business culture, access to foreign markets, increasing employment opportunities, and improving living standards. Undoubtedly, non-European markets, mostly represented by developing countries, are becoming an important and attractive area for economic activities for highly- and medium-developed economies.The aim of the paper is to discuss and present the investment activities of Polish companies on non-European markets as it poses challenge not only for the companies themselves but also for the government to support the logistical and financial needs of the potential investors.
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Manzoor, Sonia H., and Manzoor E. Chowdhury. "Foreign Direct Investments In Bangladesh: Some Recent Trends And Implications." Journal of Business & Economics Research (JBER) 15, no. 1 (December 27, 2016): 21–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/jber.v15i1.9855.
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For many developing nations, Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) has been viewed as a powerful instrument for economic development. In particular, FDI has become a major source of capital formation and an instrument for facilitating knowledge transfer. Expansion of FDI has led countries to build physical capital, increase employment, trade, and gross domestic product, and consequently helped to eradicate poverty. Using secondary data for Bangladesh, this paper investigates the effect of FDI on some major economic indicators of growth and examines the functional relationship between FDI and indicators.
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Дюдюн, Татьяна, and Tatyana Dyudyun. "INVESTMENT ATTRACTIVENESS OF THE CITIES OF SOUTHERN MOSCOW REGION." Services in Russia and abroad 10, no. 5 (August 29, 2016): 127–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/21201.
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An important condition for sustainable regional development is the revitalization of investment activity, which aims at attracting financial and material resources of domestic and foreign investors, and their sustainable use in priority sectors of economy. The investments involved in the economy of a region, is one of the criteria of efficiency of its functioning. However there is a huge gap between the achieved level of investments into economy of Russian regions and the level that is necessary to ensure their sustainable development.
In modern terms both Russian and foreign investors are more and more interested in the most important sectors of the economy of the cities of southern suburbs. It is connected with that the city´s southern suburbs have an advantageous geographical position, developed economy, research, employment and recreational potential.
The economic structure of the cities in Southern Moscow region, revenues, employment, improvement of the business environment depend on their investment attractiveness. This means that the income of additional financial resources to the city budget will allow to accelerate its development, and, ultimately, to improve the quality of life of the population.
Attracting investors under the modern conditions of comfortable creative climate is more attainable objective than the search for industrial solutions to the development of depressed areas. In this regard, the city´s of Southern Moscow region strive to create a favorable investment environment for capital allocation by the major players of the investment market.
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A. Džogović, Suada, and Anela Džogović. "RETROSPECTIVE OVERVIEW OF FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENTS IN B&H DURING THE PERIOD 2008-2009, WITH THE FOCUS ON KOSOVO." Knowledge International Journal 30, no. 6 (March 20, 2019): 1611–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.35120/kij30061611d.
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Foreign direct investments, as one of the most important instruments of national economy, represent an opportunity to increase production, increase employment, accelerate structural reforms, improve external financial situation of a country, increase foreign currency reserves, less restrictions in current balance, and get a more favorable credit rating. Taking into account that in less developed countries, and the countries in transition, such as Bosnia and Herzegovina or the Republic of Kosovo, the lack of capital is the crucial limiting factor, the inflow of foreign direct investments is a necessary and indispensable condition for their dynamic growth, development and resolution of many inherited problems of the past. The aim of this paper is primarily to evaluate the changes in the perception of foreign direct investments, which nowadays represent a part of a broader economic reform of the developing countries, including the opening up of the economy towards foreign trade, as well as the emphasis on becoming competitive on international scale.Following the end of aggression on Bosnia and Herzegovina, the country faced a number of complex challenges, not only political but also economic challenges, deriving from a confusing and undefined Dayton Accord, intended most likely to break up the foundations of Bosnia and Herzegovina as a state, by weighing down on the economic perspective of the country. And only when the Dayton anomalies are removed from the legal, political, economic and other segments of the Bosnian society, it could count on the prosperous development and, consequently, on significant investments of foreign capital.At the end of this paper, the importance of foreign direct investment for the Republic of Kosovo was also presented.
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Syaihu, Akhmad Syaihu. "PENGARUH INVESTASI PEMERINTAH DAN INVESTASI SWASTA TERHADAP KESEMPATAN KERJA DAN PENGANGGURAN DI PROVINSI KALIMANTAN TIMUR The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of foreign investment and domestic investment directly to employment opportuni." Jurnal Ekonomi Pembangunan 10, no. 1 (June 1, 2012): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.22219/jep.v10i1.3713.
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The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of foreign investment and domestic investment directly to employment opportunities. To analyze the effect of foreign investment and domestic investment directly to unemployment. To analyze the effect of foreign investment and domestic investment indirectly to employment opportunities. To analyze the effect of foreign investment and domestic investment indirectly to unemployment. To analyze the effect of employment opportunities directly to unemployment. In order to test the hypothesis analysis the authors use analytical tools path analysis using SPSS 19. The data used in this study is the data per foreign investment, domestic investment, employment opportunities and unemployment in 2002-2011. The results show that two is a direct influence between foreign investment and domestic investment to employment opportunities and unemployment in East Kalimantan, and The results show that two is a indirect influence between foreign investment and domestic investment to employment opportunities and unemployment in East Kalimantan
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Popławski, Maciej. "Impact of foreign direct investment on lower silesia’s economic development." Journal of Intercultural Management 5, no. 2 (June 1, 2013): 31–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/joim-2013-0009.
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Abstract The paper presents research results concerning the impact of foreign direct investments on the economic development of Lower Silesia in the years 1999-2011. The first year analysed is 1999 - the year in which the new administrative division was introduced into Poland, where the number of provinces was reduced from 49 to 16, with 314 districts and 65 cities being given district rights (including communes which also accomplish the tasks of the district).1 The research takes into account the most important macroeconomic indicators presenting the region’s development, such as the GDP and investment and employment levels. These indices are based on data from the Statistical Office in Wrocław and the Central Statistical Office of Poland (GUS). Data on companies and entities with foreign capital have been correlated with the above-mentioned indicators to evaluate the foreign investment influence on the region’s economy
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Karelin, I. N., and A. V. Koritsky. "ASSESSMENT OF INFLUENCE OF HUMAN CAPITAL ON VOLUMES OF INVESTMENTS IN MAJOR CAPITAL IN RUSSIAN REGIONS." Territory Development, no. 1(19) (2020): 44–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.32324/2412-8945-2020-1-44-53.
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This paper explores the relationship between the accumulation of human capital in the regions of Russia and the volume of foreign direct investment, as well as the volume of domestic investment in fixed capital. This topic is little studied in Russian economic literature, although it is actively discussed by modern economists in other countries. The hypothesis about the existence of a positive relationship between the accumulation of physical and human capital in the Russian economy is tested. The apparatus of production functions, correlation and regression analysis are used to statistically check the degree of influence of human capital on the intensity of investments, both domestic and foreign. To measure human capital, both natural and monetary measures were used. The presence of a positive, stable and statistically significant relationship between the human capital accumulated in the regions and the intensity of investment processes is shown. A negative relationship between the density of employment and the volume of investment in fixed assets of the Russian regions was also revealed.
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Irkin, M. A., and T. N. Cherepkova. "DIAGNOSTICS AND ANALYSIS OF ECONOMIC SECURITY IN THE REGIONAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (USING THE EXAMPLE OF THE NOVOSIBIRSK REGION)." Vektor nauki Tol'yattinskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Seriya Ekonomika i upravlenie, no. 4 (2020): 5–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.18323/2221-5689-2020-4-5-10.
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The increasing role of the economic security of particular regions is characteristic of the present time since the totality of their indicators largely determines the level of national security. Therefore, in management, one should pay significant attention to the issues of increasing economic security in the region. The paper presents the study of economic security indicators in the Novosibirsk region. The authors analyzed some specific indicators and indices necessary for the formation of a comprehensive opinion on the economic security level of the territory, such as real incomes of the population, the employment level, depreciation of fixed assets in the region, the share of foreign investments in the total volume of investments in fixed assets, the growth rate of real incomes, and others. The analysis of economic security indicators allowed identifying some factors that should be given special attention. When managing the economic security of the Novosibirsk region, it is necessary to focus on reducing the population with substandard incomes, increasing the investment activity of citizens, and the attractiveness of the territory for foreign investors. The authors analyzed the level of economic security of the Novosibirsk region. The study revealed both the positive factors in this aspect and some indicators, the value of which causes significant anxiety. Among the positive factors, it is necessary to note the high employment of the population and low unemployment, as well as the indicators showing the R&D investments, which can have a positive effect on the scientific and innovative development of the region. Among the negative indicators, one can note a high level of poverty and low investment activity in the territory.
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Kłusek, Kamil, and Michał Wojtaszek. "INFLOWS AND DYNAMICS OF FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENTS IN THE AGRICULTURAL SECTOR IN POLAND IN THE YEARS 2005-2014." Annals of the Polish Association of Agricultural and Agribusiness Economists XIX, no. 1 (April 28, 2017): 74–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0009.8342.
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The aim of the study was to show the level dynamics and structure of foreign direct investments and their impact on the development of the agricultural sector in Poland. The study covers the period 2005- 2014. The results show the positive impact of direct investment on the increase in the number of entities, and labor productivity in the agricultural sector. Also show a negative impact on overall employment in the agricultural sector. Share capital in 2014 was more than twice higher than at the beginning of the period.
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Hajdini, Emir. "Employment, Foreing Direct Investment and Challenges for Government Reform." European Journal of Social Sciences Education and Research 1, no. 1 (May 1, 2014): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejser.v1i1.p9-13.
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This article aims at indetifying the tendencies of foreing direct investments (now on FDI) wether any FDI is productive or not for the economy of the host country. As regards the methodology, can be said that the literature of the FDI attraction field is being analized, which encopases the preference toward the tipology of investments. FDI's attraction is crucial for countries with small economy, like Albania, especially on difficult financial times. However, not all the investments are beneficial for the host country.
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Lučić, Novak. "PUBLIC OPINION AND EFFECTS OF DIRECT FOREIGN INVESTMENTS IN MACEDONIA." Knowledge International Journal 29, no. 1 (February 28, 2019): 27–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.35120/kij2901027l.
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Foreign Direct Investments (FDI) reviewed from aspect f the country towards which they are directed, carry positive, but also potential negative effects. The research, whose results are presented in this work, includes evaluation of the attitude and of the public opinion and business establishments in the companies which are a result of the FDI, regardin the effects from the FDI and the overall significance for the economic and social development of Macedonia. The results of the research show that most of of the population is partially, as much as it is present in the media for public information, familiar with the FDI in Macedonia. Most frequent reasons for not being informed are the lack of interest, social elements, and the opinion that the information about the FDI in Macedonia is inspired politically, for promoting the government. The largest part of the population believes that the attitude towards the FDI should not be judged as positive or negative in advance, but the and that the effects from the FDI should be analyzed for each specific case. The most significant effect from the the FDI in Macedonia is the employment increase, both according to the public opinion and the business establishments of the FDI-resulted companies. Besides contributing to the employment, other most significant positive effects from the FDIs in Macedonia are: transfer of new technologies, transfer of knowledge, managerial experiences and skills of the foreign investors; positive influence of the FDI for strenghtening the competitiveness in the macedonian economy, better material position of the employees and indirectly, to a better social standard. The most significant negative effects which the FDIs could have in Macedonia are reaching profit on account of smaller salaries for the employees, avoiding tax responsibilities, arrangements with the authorities and possible influence on the political flows by the direct foreign investors in order to reach positive business environment by damaging other companies, whereas the public opinion evaluates as the biggest negative effect – reaching profit though small salaries to the employees, while the business establichment – the possible influence on the political flows in order to achieve appropriate business environment.
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Po-Sheng, Ko, Wu Cheng-Chung, Mai Ying-Shih, and Xu Zhongrong. "A Study of Three Sectors Employment Effects Resulting from Foreign Direct Investment- Empirical Analysis on the Data from Shanghai." International Journal of Business Administration and Management Research 4, no. 2 (June 23, 2018): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.24178/ijbamr.2018.4.2.19.
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With the development of China's reform policy, China's economy has integrating into the global economy. As a result, more and more foreign capital continues to flow into China. Since 1990, foreign direct investment (FDI) was mainly concentrated in the Yangtze River Delta region, and Shanghai enjoyed strong economic strength, thanks to its abundant human resources and convenient transportation network; as these are excellent qualities for attracting foreign investment, Shanghai became one of the major cities attracting FDI. FDI has had a tremendous impact on many aspects in Shanghai, including employment. Therefore, Shanghai was chosen as the research object of this paper. This paper is organized as follows. Firstly, a theoretical analysis of the employment effects of FDI is presented. Secondly, after combining the actual utilization of FDI and employment in Shanghai, an empirical analysis of the effects of FDI on employment's quantity, employment's distribution and employment quality is carried out by collecting relevant data and establishing regression models. This study finds that while FDI does exert a positive influence on the quantity of employment in Shanghai's tertiary industry, it is not conducive to primary and secondary industries. In addition, FDI has shown positive and negative impacts on the quality of employment. Lastly, some suggestions are proposed to enhance the positive role of FDI on employment.
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Škare, Marinko, Justyna Franc-Dąbrowska, and Dajana Cvek. "Cointegration analysis and VECM of FDI, employment, export and GDP in Croatia (2002?2017) with particular reference to the global crisis and poor macroeconomic governance." Equilibrium 15, no. 4 (December 20, 2020): 761–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.24136/eq.2020.033.
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Research background: The preconditions for attracting foreign investment are political stability and long-term capital investment, positively influencing the recipient country's development. During the crisis as well as in the unstable political environment, economic agents engage in speculative and risky acts for faster earnings.
Purpose of the article: The paper aims to point out the importance of foreign direct investments (FDI) and other macroeconomic variables and their relationship with particular reference to the Croatian economy in 2002?2017.
Methods: We use ADF test, development of the VECM model, testing of the stability of the VECM model, decomposition of the variance of the predictive errors of the variables, analysis of responses to unit orthogonal pulses. The vector correction auto-regression model (VECM) explores the long-term relationship between (FDI) and macroeconomic indicators in crisis time.
Findings & Value-added: Applying the VECM model, we find that employment, export, and GDP variables are exogenous in the short term. The FDI variable is statistically significant and adjusts for the long-run equilibrium. Analyzing the responses to unit shocks, we conclude there is weak feedback of the observed variables and a weak effect of the observed variables in the Croatian economy. The FDI variable does not affect GDP, employment, and exports in Croatia due to poor macroeconomic management, corruption, regional development, inefficiency, and inefficient foreign direct investment structure.
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Stanojevic, Natasa, and Zoran Jovanovic. "General and Chinese foreign direct investments in Serbian economy and economic development." Zbornik Matice srpske za drustvene nauke, no. 171 (2019): 361–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/zmsdn1971361s.
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This paper examines the impact of Chinese investments in the infrastructure facilities within the Belt and Road Initiative on the Serbian economy. The research objectives are to measure the impact of the general foreign direct investments and the Chinese foreign direct investments on the key indicators of the Serbian economy, to assess their impact on the Serbian economy in general, and to compare their effects. The initial hypothesis is that the effects of the Chinese foreign direct investments on infrastructure are significantly more favourable than foreign direct investments originating in other countries, primarily due to the sectors they are implemented, and the different approach of Chinese investors, which implies the mutual benefit of partners and long-term interests in a particular country or region. The impact of the Chinese and general foreign direct investments on several key economic indicators of the Serbian economy is measured separately and compared. Since there are several dependent variables involved in the correlation, the Multiple Variable Analysis is used. The statistical procedure includes two tests of the statistical significance of the estimated correlation: P-value, as a part of Multiple Variable Analysis, and F-test, which is commonly used for small samples. The results show much stronger and more positive impact of the Chinese investments than general foreign direct investments, but also point to the direction of a change, such as increasing of import of goods and services, the reduction of unemployment, and the increase in the employment rate, as well as the dege of openness of the economy. Some results can be considered as the general effects of joining the Belt and Road Initiative, that is, they can have great significance for all countries on one of the many directions of the new Silk Road.
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Petrov, A. M., L. M. Sembieva, N. I. Golysheva, R. A. Ivanov, and N. K. Muravitskaya. "EVALUATION OF CRITERIA FOR THE ACTIVITIES OF REPRESENTATIVE OFFICES OF JAPANESE COMPANIES IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION AND THE NEED TO IMPROVE THEIR EFFICIENCY." BULLETIN 2, no. 390 (April 15, 2021): 70–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.32014/2021.2518-1467.53.
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Being one of the most important tools of the national economy, foreign direct investment provides means for production expansion, creating employment opportunities and jobs, accelerating structural changes, improving the country’s financial standing in foreign relations, increasing its foreign exchange reserves, reducing budget holdbacks, and improving its credit rating. In Russia, foreign investments are primarily made through capital contributions by registered foreign residents. According to official reports, in the total annual capital inflows into the Russian Federation, 10 to 12% are attributable to foreign direct investment, 1 to 2% - to indirect investment, and up to 80% - to other investments. The current state of the world economy is characterized by many challenges: from increased competition and a new round of trade wars between major economic powers to a shift in emphasis in approaches to assessing the effectiveness of economic entities from exclusively financial to mainly non-financial, including environmental and social aspects. The corresponding economic conditions, coupled with significant political and economic pressure from a number of countries, sharply raise the issue of developing new approaches to determining the effectiveness of their own activities. Determining the effectiveness of business entities is necessary in order to ensure timely and adequate assessment of their business model from the perspective of key stakeholders and to develop an effective strategy for long-term sustainable functioning in the new business environment. This issue is particularly relevant for those economic entities that implement their activities, including through foreign representative offices. Determining the effectiveness of business entities ' representative offices abroad and evaluating their strategic performance, in addition to differences in approaches to accounting and public reporting, is also complicated by the specifics of the legal status of representative offices of economic entities, as well as the processes of legal regulation of their activities in different countries.
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Kudryashova, Inna, Marina Pleshakova, and Inna Ryabova. "Foreign Direct Investment in Volgograd Region: Distribution and Role in the Economy." Regionalnaya ekonomika. Yug Rossii, no. 1 (May 2020): 212–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/re.volsu.2020.1.19.
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Foreign direct investment (FDI) has played a key role in the efforts to achieve a sustainable economic growth and high social and economic indicators in many countries and regions of the world. The paper focuses on the analysis of the role of foreign direct investment in the economy of Volgograd region. The author uses the comparative analysis, historical and statistical methods, and correlation analysis. The analysis of the indicators of 2011–2019 shows a small share of foreign direct investment in the gross regional product in Volgograd region in comparison with the Russian Federation, and insufficient provision of regional economy with labour resources. The comparison shows a discrepancy between the real needs and sectoral distribution of foreign direct investment in the regional economy. The research on the country and type composition of FDI in Volgograd region reveals some positive trends. The share of investments in the form of capital in comparison with the share of debt capital has increased; the share of off-shore foreign direct investment has decreased. The correlation analysis reveals a moderate or weak relationship between foreign direct investment and key economic indicators of Volgograd region, i.e. gross regional product, employment rate, average monthly income of the population, depreciation of fixed assets and labour productivity. The results show the need to develop special measures to maximize benefits from the cooperation of regional businesses and foreign investors in Volgograd region.
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Bronzini, Raffaello. "The Effects of Extensive and Intensive Margins of FDI on Domestic Employment: Microeconomic Evidence from Italy." B.E. Journal of Economic Analysis & Policy 15, no. 4 (October 1, 2015): 2079–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bejeap-2015-0023.
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Abstract In this paper we verify whether enterprises that have started to produce abroad have reduced employment at home after the first foreign investment (extensive margin). Next, we assess whether changes in foreign employment induce changes in domestic employment for a sample of multinationals that have already established activities abroad (intensive margin). Using matching method and diff-in-diffs estimates, we find that two years after the first foreign investment domestic employment of investing firms is slightly higher than that of domestic enterprises, but mainly among those that have undertaken horizontal foreign direct investment. In multinationals that have already activated foreign operations we find a positive relationship between foreign and domestic employment. Our findings suggest that the skill composition of domestic workforce does not change neither at the extensive nor at the intensive margin of FDI.
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Krajňáková, Emília, Vaida Pilinkienė, and Patrik Bulko. "DETERMINANTS OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT AND EMPLOYABILITY OF HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS GRADUATES." Engineering Economics 31, no. 2 (April 30, 2020): 211–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.ee.31.2.24751.
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The scope of the data presented in this study offers a comprehensive view of the issue of the HEI graduates employability in the Czech Republic and also in the Slovak Republic – related to determinants of economic development and their impact on them. This paper examines the impact of gross domestic product, gross domestic expenditure on research and experimental development by only higher education sector and foreign direct investment on HEI graduates employability. The results indicate that correlation between unemployment of tertiary educated Slovaks and GDP, GERD and FDI values was very big. Correlation relationship of similar determinants, except determinant GERD in conditions of the Czech Republic was characterized as weak. On the other hand, significantly stronger (very big to perfect) correlation affecting employment of tertiary educated Czechs regarding to indicators of gross domestic product, gross domestic expenditure on research and experimental development by sector of higher education and foreign direct investments as well. In conditions of the Slovak Republic, correlation relationship between employment of tertiary educated Slovaks and GDP was almost perfect.
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Hadiyanti, Sofia Ulfa Eka. "External Variables in the Expansion of Employment Opportunities." Jurnal Ekonomi Pembangunan: Kajian Masalah Ekonomi dan Pembangunan 14, no. 2 (December 1, 2013): 234. http://dx.doi.org/10.23917/jep.v14i2.145.
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This study aimed to investigate the effect of external variables on employment in the province of East Kalimantan. Besides, it will also discuss how the direct and indirect influence some of these external variables on employment in the province of East Kalimantan. External variables studied were foreign investment, domestic investment, government expenditure, and Gross Regional Product (GRP) in East Kalimantan Province. This study uses time series data from 2002 to 2011. To determine the effect of the direct and indirect pathway analysis is used (pathanalysis). If you see from pathway analysis obtained is known that foreign investment and government expenditure directly affect positively. Domestic investment negatively affect GRP in East Kalimantan. Direct influence of foreign investment and government expenditure on employment is negative. Effect of indirect foreign investment and government expenditure on employment by GRP in East Kalimantan Province is negative. While domestic investment indirect effect on employment through the GRP is positive. While domestic investment and GRP direct positive effect on employment in the province of East Kalimantan.
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Rembeci, Godiva. "Foreign Direct Investments and Their Impacts to Environment, Albania Case." European Journal of Economics and Business Studies 8, no. 1 (May 19, 2017): 247. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejes.v8i1.p247-255.
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FDI is considered as positive factor on economic growth for the hosting country, because of its contribution to the employment growth, productivity, income, transfer of know-how, export promotion of its products in international market, etc. Especially in transition economies FDI compare to other the external flows is an important source for financing the current account deficit and in addition those flows are preferable because do not create debts for the hosting country. So far, the economic impacts of FDIs are almost well measured, but their impacts in other aspects such as environmental or social ones, are less recognizable and measured. By this paper the author aim to measure the share of foreign direct investments in pollution intense industries and their impacts to Albanian environment. The subject of the analysis is the FDI stock by economic activities focusing mostly to those activities determined by OECD as pollution-intensive industries, for the period 2007-2014. Both EUROSTAT and national statistical data produced by Bank of Albania are used to calculate the share of foreign investors’ involvement in pollution-intensive activities. The results show that in Albania, the FDI stock in pollution intense activities has an considerable position on the total FDI stock and its level of participation is higher compare to the EU figures
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Tkalenko, Svitlana, and Natalya Sukurova. "The influence of FDI on sustainable economic development of Ukraine in terms of global digitization." Journal of Digital Science, no. 1 (May 28, 2020): 40–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.33847/2686-8296.2.1_4.
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This article is a research study of the role and necessity of digital transformation of Ukrainian economy in the context of digitization of the world economy, which will promote economic growth and increase the international competitiveness of national economy, which in its turn will contribute to the further formation of an attractive investment environment. The modern tendencies of information economy development are disclosed. Changes of the determinants of FDI in the Ukrainian economy in terms of its digital transformation are revealed. It is proved that foreign trade and the globalization index of the country influence on the process of attracting FDI. Much attention in the article is paid to the role of information, development of information sphere, digitization, formation of a new information economy, foreign direct investments, which are necessary for the economic development of the country and affect economic growth in the context of global digitization. The necessity of this study is due to the modern trends of development in the world economy and the digital transformation of the national economy. The role and importance of foreign direct investments in the digital transformation of the national economy has been proved on the basis of a broad analysis of research works of foreign and national specialists, analysis of economic situation in Ukraine and the main macroeconomic indicators identified the role and necessity of transformation processes, macroeconomic indicators of economic development of the country were analyzed, the necessity and requirements for the formation of an attractive investment environment, favorable investment climate and business environment have been identified. Using the econometric model, based on E-Views software, the indicators of GDP, foreign trade, inflation, employment level and the globalization index have been analyzed in the context of their impact on the volume of FDI attraction and their forecasting have been made.
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He, Yugang. "Foreign Direct Investment, Economic Growth and Employment: Evidence from China." International Research in Economics and Finance 2, no. 1 (February 20, 2018): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.20849/iref.v2i1.320.
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This paper applies the annual data series from 1983 to 2016 and introduces an employment variable to analyze the interaction among foreign direct investment, economic growth and employment. Three variables are used to conduct an empirical analysis under the VAR model. Via the analysis of Augmented Dickey-Fuller test, Granger causality test, impulse response function and variance decomposition, the results show that the foreign direct investment has a positive effect on economic growth and employment, and the economic growth has a positive effect on employment. The employment and economic growth exist bidirectional causality. Meanwhile, the foreign direct investment can also result in an increase in the employment. More importantly, this paper provides some ideas for China’s government to settle some social problems such as employment and economic growth. Specifically, at present, China’s government still should encourage foreign investors to invest in China because it can be beneficial to employment and economic growth in China. Of course, the structure of employment also should be optimized so as to keep high speed economic growth. Simultaneously, the high speed economic growth can improve the employment in China.
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Abor, Joshua, and Simon K. Harvey. "Foreign direct investment and employment: host country experience." Macroeconomics and Finance in Emerging Market Economies 1, no. 2 (September 2008): 213–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17520840802323224.
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McDonald, Frank, Heinz J. Tüselmann, and Arne Heise. "Foreign direct investment and employment in host regions." European Business Review 14, no. 1 (February 2002): 40–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09555340210414232.
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McDonald, Frank, Heinz J. Tüselmann, Arne Heise, and David Williams. "Employment in Host Regions and Foreign Direct Investment." Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy 21, no. 5 (October 2003): 687–701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/c0231.
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Chao, Chi-Chur, and Eden S. H. Yu. "Urban Employment and Foreign Investment: The Quota Case." International Economic Journal 10, no. 3 (September 1996): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10168739600000001.
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Aizenman, Joshua. "Foreign Direct Investment, Employment Volatility and Cyclical Dumping." International Journal of Finance & Economics 1, no. 2 (April 1996): 117–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1099-1158(199604)1:2<117::aid-ijfe10>3.0.co;2-l.
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Joshi, Uttam Lal. "Relevancy of foreign employment in the present context of Nepal." International Research Journal of MMC 1, no. 1 (March 31, 2020): 21–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/irjmmc.v1i1.34117.
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There is more charm on foreign employment since decades. Due to lack of employment opportunities in public and private sectors, Nepali people are motivated to go foreign countries for job opportunities. Handsome salaries, respected life, relief from poverty and fulfillment of needs – these are the common motivators that lead people for foreign employment. This can be right in one aspect but there are a lot of evidences and scenarios that show foreign employment is not so easier and fruitful as it is thought. Foreign employees have to face many more difficulties and obstacles in foreign countries that one will explain after his return to home country. So the income from their hard labor must be utilized in proper sectors. Various data in this study show the foreign employment is not so safe. Here, the time series data from 2002/03 to 2019 are taken for the study of the relationship between remittance and investment. The regression analysis with P-value 0.000 at 5% significant level (α= 0.05) which shows that the remittance from foreign employment has been used in investment anyway. It will help to find the productivity, relevance and proper use of the income from foreign employment.
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Khatodia, Narender, and Raj S. Dhankar. "Foreign Capital Inflows and Growth of Employment In India: An Empirical Evidence from Public and Private Sector." International Journal of Economics and Finance 8, no. 2 (January 24, 2016): 189. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijef.v8n2p189.
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The role of foreign capital in economic growth has been a burning topic of debate in countries world over including India. It is not possible for a developing country like India to grow without sufficient foreign capital inflow, technology and employment generation. The Indian government has taken many initiatives to attract foreign investment to boost the Indian economy since the liberalization process started in 1991. As a result, India has received Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) to the tune of US $ 380215 million by the end of June 2015. This study has assessed the growth of employment in public and private sector by the flow of foreign capital, comprising of Foreign Direct Investment, Foreign Portfolio Investment (FPI), External Commercial Borrowings (ECBs), and NRI Deposits in India during the period 1991 to 2012. The study has also analyzed the trends of employment in public and private sectors of Indian economy. We find that overall foreign capital inflows, except for the FPI and NRI deposits, have a significant positive impact on the growth of private sector employment.
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Neupane, Maheshwor. "Foreign Direct Investment in Nepal." Social Inquiry: Journal of Social Science Research 2, no. 2 (November 26, 2020): 302–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/sijssr.v2i2.33082.
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This article is about the relationship between Foreign Direct Investment(FDI) and Gross Domestic Product (GDP). It explores the FDI’s linkage with the national income. The data for the study comprised different factors that have a direct linkage with the national economy and its impact. This article is based on the FDI in various sectors in terms of the number of projects, employment created, and the amount invested. It is based on secondary data. The study revealed that FDI sometimes has an independent influence on the economy of the country. A fresh finding of this article is that the contribution of FDI in capital formation and employment is not significant in the Nepalese economy, eventually making less contribution to the GDP of the Nepalese economy. It also revealed that FDI comprises new technologies, management techniques, finance and market access for the production and movement of goods and services. So, Nepal should adopt policies to attract more FDI and implement accordingly.
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Kumari, Archana, Evgeny Kuzmin, and Vikas Kumar. "Analysis of hysteresis in convergence after global financial crisis of 2007." E3S Web of Conferences 301 (2021): 04006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202130104006.
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Researchers of hysteresis outline the long-term change in growth paths of economies. It entails the post-crisis change in growth paths of economies through the change of macroeconomic indicators, such as employment and output. Recessionary shocks might have positive or negative impacts on economies’ growth paths which in turn affects convergence and divergence in economies. In this research, hysteresis is explored in convergence across 110 countries induced by the global financial recession of 2007. Findings suggest that as a post-crisis change, hysteresis in convergence is in place. The difference arises in adaptability of economies to changes. The reason for convergence of poor and rich countries might be more intensive foreign investments in developing nations. These investments have a positive influence on economic performance in developing countries by increasing employment rates.
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Thompson, Piers, and Wenyu Zang. "Foreign direct investment and the SME sector." International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research 21, no. 1 (March 2, 2015): 50–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijebr-12-2013-0218.
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Purpose – Although foreign direct investment and entrepreneurship are potential routes to recovery (Girma and Wakelin, 2001; Lyon et al., 2002), existing literature is divided on the relationship between the two. The purpose of this paper is to examine the influence of foreign investment on the local SME sector after the 2008 financial crisis. Design/methodology/approach – Local authority district data from Great Britain is used to examine the influence of foreign firm employment on the size of the local SME sector as a proportion of all firms, and foreign firm influence on firm births in the locality. In order to control for local geographical, infrastructural and economic conditions regression analysis is used to examine the relationship between foreign business employment and indigenous business activities. Findings – The potential for technological spillovers and spinout activities appears to dominate with firm birth rates higher where there is greater foreign firm employment. However, there is also evidence of crowding out in relation to the existing SME sector, which is found to be reduced in size where foreign influence through employment is greater. Research limitations/implications – The results here indicating a complementarity relationship between foreign influence on employment and firm births is important for policy makers looking to revive struggling local economies. However, the relevant support needs to be in place to maximise the benefit from the supply of new entrepreneurs generated. Originality/value – Unlike many other studies the relationship between the SME sector, firm births and foreign influence is considered at a local level and where economic conditions are more uncertain and economic recovery is less taken for granted. A better understanding of the relationship allows more appropriate policy to be developed in order to aid local economies to recover.
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Zapkau, Florian B., Christian Schwens, and Rüdiger Kabst. "Foreign Direct Investments and Domestic Employment of German SMEs: The Moderating Effect of Owner Management." Journal of Small Business Management 52, no. 3 (August 6, 2013): 451–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jsbm.12044.
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