Relevant bibliographies by topics / Foreign borrowing

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Foreign borrowing'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 28 May 2022
Last updated: 31 July 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Foreign borrowing"

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Serbin, Vladimir Alekseevich. "Borrowings in military terminology of the modern Vietnamese language." Litera, no. 1 (January 2021): 110–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2409-8698.2021.1.34698.

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This article is dedicated to the analysis of techniques of external enrichment of terminology of the Vietnamese language. An attempt is made to examine the phenomenon of borrowing of foreign words in military terminology of the modern Vietnamese language. The author explores the factors of borrowing, carries out classification by origin and source of borrowing. The relevance of this work is defined by the need to systematize knowledge on the foreign borrowings in military terminology of Vietnamese language at the current stage of its development, rapid advancement of military science, new tech
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Bubnov, Vyacheslav, Dalia Odakhovskaya, and Аrtem Pyatak. "Reflection of Borrowed Funds in Russian and Foreign Practice." Bulletin of Baikal State University 32, no. 1 (2022): 67–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.17150/2500-2759.2022.32(1).67-77.

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The rationale of the study is the fact that in the market economy there are situations when an organization in the course of its economic activity lacks its own resources. This problem is especially relevant in the field of small business. The study is concerned with the economic essence, classification and features of the reflection in the accounting and tax accounting of Russia and other countries of interest and other expenses on borrowed funds. This article discussed several approaches to defining the concept of loan and loan expenses in regulatory sources of the Russian Federation and in
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Кравцов, Сергей, and Наталья Юрьевна Чигридова. "Gallicisms in Italian and Italianisms in French: features of adaptation." Bulletin of the Donetsk National University. Series D: Philology and Psychology 5 (December 4, 2024): 41–49. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14278092.

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The work examines the problem of interlanguage borrowings based on the material of French lexical units that have passed into the Italian language (gallicisms) and Italian lexical units that have passed into the French language (Italianisms). Using descriptive, comparative research methods, as well as the method of quantitative calculations, the most numerous lexical and semantic groups of gallicisms in Italian and Italianisms in French have been identified. Various types of borrowing have been established, such as borrowing a foreign-language lexical unit without changing its sound and graphi
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Mozol, T. S. "BORROWING OF LEXEMES DENOTING ARTIFACTS IN THE SITUATION OF ASYMMETRIC CONTACT-INDUCED CHANGES: ENGLISH-KOREAN LANGUAGE PAIR." Voprosy Kognitivnoy Lingvistiki, no. 1 (2025): 103–14. https://doi.org/10.20916/1812-3228-2025-1-103-114.

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The article focuses on the specificity of the contact-induced changes in the English-Korean language pair on the material of the most widely represented group of lexical borrowings, namely artifact borrowings. The analysis of a continuous sample of borrowings from the Standard Korean language Dictionary and the Merriam-Webster Dictionary demonstrated a strong asymmetry of interference processes in the English-Korean language pair, which manifests itself both in the intensity of borrowing processes and in the range and openness of borrowing areas, as well as in the transformations of borrowed l
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Pogačnik, Aleš. "Prevzemanje besed v slovenščini." Jezik in slovstvo 48, no. 6 (2024): 25–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/jis.48.6.25-48.

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The Slovene language does not have any fixed rules for borrowing foreign words. There are some orthographic rules concerning the borrowing of foreign words, but both the usage of written Slovene and the rules, which are over 20 years old, demonstrate numerous inconsistencies. This article, based on years of experience in the editing of lexicographic books, recapitulates the inconsistencies, unnecessary complications and deficiencies of the Slovene orthographic rules on borrowings, especially of personal names, and offers an alternative guideline.
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Sumba, Jerry Ogutu, Rogers Ochenge Ondiba, and Paul Joshua Mugambi. "Domestic verses foreign borrowing: Does the mode of fiscal deficit financing matter for inflation in Sub-Saharan African countries?" International Journal of Applied Economics, Finance and Accounting 17, no. 2 (2023): 294–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.33094/ijaefa.v17i2.1163.

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The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between fiscal deficit financing and inflation in sub-Saharan African countries and determine whether the mode of fiscal deficit financing selected in the economy matters for inflation. The panel data sourced from 45 sub-Saharan African countries from 2005 to 2020 was used for analysis with domestic and foreign borrowing as the main independent variables and the consumer price index as the dependent variable. The study used two-step GMM econometric analysis as the main econometric model with a scaling quantity analysis model to test for the
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HUH, HYEON-SEUNG, TADASHI INOUE, and HYUN-HOON LEE. "OPTIMAL FOREIGN BORROWING REVISITED." Japanese Economic Review 61, no. 3 (2010): 367–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-5876.2009.00490.x.

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Dosymbekova, R., M. Zhaksylykova, and A. Nurzhayeva. "ENRICHING CHINESE DIPLOMATIC TERMINOLOGY THROUGH FOREIGN LANGUAGE INTERACTION." Scientific heritage, no. 91 (June 23, 2022): 100–104. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6696378.

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The article deals with the enrichment of Chinese diplomatic terminology through the interaction of a foreign language. Methods and ways of borrowing foreign language terms are also considered. Foreign borrowings are an inevitable process of replenishment and enrichment of the terminology of any language. During the current globalization, when the age of modern information technologies, active and rich social and political life, new scientific developments and research is progressing, new terms appear more and more every day. Borrowing contributes to the enrichment of the vocabulary of the borr
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КОРОЛЬ, С. "КЛАСИФІКАЦІЯ ЛЕКСИКИ ІНШОМОВНОГО ПОХОДЖЕННЯ В НІМЕЦЬКІЙ МОВІ". Current issues of linguistics and translation studies 21, № 2 (2021): 29–33. https://doi.org/10.31891/2415-7929-2021-21-34.

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The article is devoted to the study of vocabulary of foreign-language origin in German. The problem of borrowing in German has always attracted the attention of linguists and remains relevant and in our time, since it is a dynamic system undergoing changes from the influence of globalization processes that cause new borrowing in the language. Borrowing vocabulary from other languages serves as a source of enrichment of its own vocabulary. Adaptation of borrowed words to a new language occurs in a different way. It has been found that most of the borrowings for many years of existence in German
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Navalna, Maryna. "ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ФУНКЦІОНУВАННЯ ЗАПОЗИЧЕНИХ ЛЕКСЕМ У МОВІ УКРАЇНСЬКИХ ЗАСОБІВ МАСОВОЇ ІНФОРМАЦІЇ". Psycholinguistics in a Modern World 15 (25 грудня 2020): 204–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.31470/10.31470/2706-7904-2020-15-204-207.

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The article analyzes the most commonly used foreign-language lexical items in the language of modern Ukrainian mass media. The object of the article is to study the thematic direction of foreign-language lexical items, to determine their stylistic role, as well as to indicate the instability of spelling of certain borrowings. The descriptive method and method of observation are used as main in scientific research for the study of lexical items in the language of Ukrainian periodicals of the beginning of the XXI century. At different stages of the research, the method of functional analysis was
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Foreign borrowing"

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Mulumba, Clive Mutale. "Foreign Borrowing and Economic Growth in Zambia: An Econometric Analysis." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/28409.

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In the recent past, Zambia has increased its external borrowings significantly after reaching the Heavily Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) completion point. The Zambian government has been on an ambitious borrowing spree with the intent that most of these funds would be channelled towards building and maintenance of key national infrastructure including roads and construction of new airports. This study undertook to answer the question, does increasing external debt affect growth of a nation’s economy? The thesis commenced an econometric study between the years 1980 to 2015 using publicly availa
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Прокопенко, Наталiя Миколаївна, Наталья Николаевна Прокопенко, Nataliia Mykolaivna Prokopenko, and L. Vishnyak. "Communicative function of foreign professionalism in media discuss (on materials of fashion-thematic sections)." Thesis, Sumy State University, 2019. https://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/77203.

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Frischkorn, Bradford Michael. "Integration of the American English lexicon: A study of borrowing in contemporary spoken Japanese." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1996. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/1107.

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Littlepage, Kelley. "Crafting International Legal Orders: Horizontal Legal Integration and the Borrowing of Foreign Law in British Courts." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/18741.

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My dissertation project seeks to understand when and how do national judges play an active and significant role in how international legal orders do or do not affect their polities. Specifically, I look at when and how British judges play a role in how European Union law through the European Court of Justice and European human rights law through the European Court of Human Rights affect the British polity. These international legal orders contain both vertical and horizontal aspects. Vertical aspects include the highest court and its judges defined by the treaty, which operates as the inter
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Tsyhanenko, V., N. Ochkurova, and A. Serhiieva. "Literacy is an Important Factor in Professional Training of Modern Specialist." Thesis, MC&FPGA, 2020. https://openarchive.nure.ua/handle/document/17547.

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The abstracts of the report draw attention to such a factor as language literacy, which is extremely important in any communication in the professional field. The problems that arise when using words-terms of foreign origin, verb nouns, adjectives and verbs are considered. Attention is drawn to the difficulties of translating professional terms, especially from the Russian language.
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Павловська, Є. О. "Складові внутрішніх та зовнішніх запозичень України". Thesis, Гельветика, 2013. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/59394.

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На сьогодні, проблема пошуку оптимальної структури державного боргу та його класифікації, особливо в сучасних умовах, є однією з основних у сфері бюджетно-фінансових відносин. Однак до сьогодні спеціальних досліджень структури державного боргу, його змісту тощо не здійснювалося.<br>Today, the problem of finding the optimal structure of public debt and its classification, especially in modern terms, is a major in the field of fiscal relations. However, to this day special studies state debt structure, contents, etc. are not performed.
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Dinku, Yonatan Minuye. "The Impact of Foreign Aid on Government Fiscal Behaviour: Evidence from Ethiopia." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2009. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_3239_1277074077.

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<p>The effectiveness of foreign aid in bringing economic and social development is mired in controversy. However, despite the controversial debates on its effectiveness, poor countries of the world have been receiving and using aid as a leverage to relieve themselves from development constraints they faced. Ethiopia is no exception amongst developing countries. Since the time it joined the World Bank group in 1945, foreign capital inflow has remained an important source of revenue for the government. This paper examines the fiscal impact of aid inflow into Ethiopia using time series data for t
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Ahmed, Akhter, and edu au jillj@deakin edu au mikewood@deakin edu au wildol@deakin edu au kimg@deakin. "THE MACROECONOMIC IMPACT OF FOREIGN AID TO DEVELOPING COUNTRIES." Deakin University. School of Economics, 1996. http://tux.lib.deakin.edu.au./adt-VDU/public/adt-VDU20040907.174003.

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The thesis looks at the macroeconomic impact of foreign aid. It is specially concerned with aid's impact on the public sector of less developed countries < LDCs> . Since the overwhelming majority of aid is directed to the public sector of LDCs, one can only understand the broader macroeconomic impact of aid if one first understands its impact on this sector. To this end, the thesis econometrically estimates " fiscal response" models of aid. These models, in essence, attempt to shed light on public sector fiscal behaviour in the presence of aid inflows, being specially concerned with the way a
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Lam, Yuen-han Joyce, and 林婉嫻. "A study of single English words occurring in Hong Kong Cantonese: differentiating lexical borrowing fromcode-switching." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2005. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B45007548.

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Lau, Martin, and 劉文德. "Lexical borrowing in Hong Kong: a study of the Englishization of Chinese and the nativization of English." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1999. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B30269040.

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Books on the topic "Foreign borrowing"

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Fund, International Monetary. Foreign borrowing and export promotion policies. International Monetary Fund, 1989.

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Jan, Tent, Geraghty Paul A, and Australian National University. Pacific Linguistics., eds. Borrowing: A Pacific perspective. Pacific Linguistics, Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies, Australian National University, 2004.

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Kharas, Homi. Foreign borrowing and macroeconomic adjustment to external shocks. World Bank, 1985.

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Kharas, Homi J. Thailand, an assessment of alternative foreign borrowing strategies. [s.n.], 1985.

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1950-, Shishido Hisanobu, ed. Thailand, an assessment of alternative foreign borrowing strategies. World Bank, 1985.

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Field, Fredric W. Linguistic borrowing in bilingual contexts. J. Benjamins, 2002.

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1963-, Matras Yaron, and Sakel Jeanette 1973-, eds. Grammatical borrowing in cross-linguistic perspective. Mouton de Gruyter, 2007.

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Rajaraman, Indira Seshukutty. Indian borrowing on international capital markets in the eighties. Indian Institute of Management, 1992.

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Arnade, Carlos A. Foreign borrowing and agricultural trade of major Latin American debtors. U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Economic Research Service, Agriculture and Trade Analysis Division, 1988.

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Eichengreen, Barry J. Would collective action clauses raise borrowing costs? National Bureau of Economic Research, 2000.

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Book chapters on the topic "Foreign borrowing"

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Boyce, James K. "Foreign Borrowing." In The Philippines. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-22788-4_9.

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Jansen, Marius B. "On Foreign Borrowing." In Japan: A Comparative View, edited by Albert M. Craig. Princeton University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9781400867929-002.

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Zhang, Xin. "Borrowing Foreign Debts: Loans." In Law and Practice of Debt Finance in Modern China. Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-6340-6_2.

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Edwards, A. D. P. "Borrowing Currencies." In The Exporter’s & Importer’s Handbook on Foreign Currencies. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-11852-6_14.

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Haughton, Andre. "Foreign Currency Borrowing and Foreign Debt Sustainability." In Developing Sustainable Balance of Payments in Small Countries. Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-53031-4_2.

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Chen, Fang. "Foreign Exchange—Unauthorized Borrowing of Foreign Debts or Provision of Foreign Guarantee." In Essential Knowledge and Legal Practices for Establishing and Operating Companies in China. Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-2239-8_145.

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Zhang, Xin. "Borrowing Foreign Debts: Guarantee and Security Interests." In Law and Practice of Debt Finance in Modern China. Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-6340-6_3.

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Fewsmith, Joseph, and Nancy Hearst. "Regarding the Issue of Concluding Foreign Commercial Agreements on Borrowing and Repayment." In Mao's Road to Power. Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315719436-124.

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Martins, Pedro M. G. "The Impact of Foreign Aid on Government Spending, Revenue and Domestic Borrowing in Ethiopia." In Economic Alternatives for Growth, Employment and Poverty Reduction. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230250635_7.

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Marat, Uraimov. "China’s Emerging Political and Economic Dominance in the OSCE Region." In Between Peace and Conflict in the East and the West. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-77489-9_5.

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AbstractThe presence of China in the OSCE region is becoming resilient, particularly after Beijing began providing infrastructural loans to OSCE states. The size of the issued infrastructural loans in less developed economies is disproportionate to national economies, resulting in the borrowing countries becoming incapable of paying back the loans. In this chapter, I argue that China’s practices of infrastructural loans and China’s overall standing on minority issues and democratization contradicts the OSCE core principles and undermines OSCE integrity. To illustrate this, I use, first, the ex
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Conference papers on the topic "Foreign borrowing"

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KHRUSCHEVA, O. A. "BORROWINGS FUNCTIONING IN THE PRESENT-DAY RUSSIAN LANGUAGE." In СЛОВО, ВЫСКАЗЫВАНИЕ, ТЕКСТ В КОГНИТИВНОМ, ПРАГМАТИЧЕСКОМ И КУЛЬТУРОЛОГИЧЕСКОМ АСПЕКТАХ. Chelyabinsk State University Publishing House, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.47475/9785727119631_261.

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The article is devoted to the problem of borrowings widely spread in the present-day Russian language. The study of the foreign words used in everyday speech and professional communication, as well as in the media texts, on the regular basis has revealed the specific features of their functioning among Russian native speakers. In certain communicative situations borrowings are used due to language trends, terminology and jargon requirements. The author focuses on the process of borrowing when not only a language sign but also a concept of the foreign language culture together with its peculiar
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HIDALGO, D. I., and V. A. LOMAKO. "ESCHATOLOGICAL CHRISTIAN MOTIFS IN JAPANESE POPULAR CULTURE ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE MANGA BY KANTARO MIURA “BERSERK”." In FORTUNES OF NATIONAL CULTURES IN GLOBALIZATION CONTEXT: BETWEEN TRADITION AND THE NEW REALITY. Chelyabinsk State University Publishing House, 2024. https://doi.org/10.47475/9785727120088_338.

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The article describes the most important feature of Japanese popular culture - adaptability to borrowings of other cultural traditions. Using the example of the iconic product of Japanese mass culture, the manga by Kantaro Miura “Berserk”, the mechanisms of borrowing and adapting Christian eschatological motifs in the space of Japanese mass culture are demonstrated. The images used by the author, their processing, addition and adaptation to the national peculiarities of Japanese culture are shown. The reasons why the author borrows these symbols and images to create a cultural product are also
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Roscovan, Nina, Larisa Dodu-Gugea, and Liliana Staver. "Linguistic globalization in the 21st century: anglicisation from idiolect to higher education." In Masa rotunda "Multilingvism și Interculturalitate in Contextul Globalizarii”, editia III. Academy of Economic Studies of Moldova, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.53486/9789975147835.07.

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The paper considers the phenomenon of Anglicization as a being related to the impact of English as a Lingua Franca on the lexical layers of other languages from the standpoint of the need of unification and standardization of terminological layers (necessary borrowings) and on the other hand by the stylistic enrichment of the vocabulary (luxury borrowings). Therefore, linguistic globalization is regarded as a global intensive lexical borrowing from English by languages whose speakers use English as a foreign language. Politically and socially, it concerns the status of English as a "language o
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Tengiz, Yusuf Ziya, Emine Şule Aydeniz, and Ali Göksenli. "Effects of Financial Risks in Turkish and Eurasian Economies on Real Economic Growth and Public Sector Borrowing: 2000-2013." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c05.01083.

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The effects of global and economical crisis on Turkey and Eurasian countries depend strongly on countries’ dependence ratio of foreign trade, on integrations and economic structure. Real economic growth of Russian and Belarus economies is affected by Euro and US-dollar rate of exchange (RoE), Kazakhstan’s economy by Euro RoE, Turkmenistan’s by Euro exchange and interest and Turkish economy by Euro RoE and consumer price index (CPI). The effect of public borrowings ratio on gross domestic product is affected in Russian economy by Euro RoE, CPI and interests 1 and 2, in Kazakhstan economy by US
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Dağlaroğlu, Tolga, Baki Demirel, and Serdar Varlık. "De-Leveraging and Mitigating Pro-Cyclicality of Capital Flows in Emerging Market Economies: Role of Macro-Prudential Policies." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c04.00727.

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International capital flows have been on an unprecedented roller-coaster ride in recent years. Capital flows to emerging market economies have been strongly correlated with changes in global financing conditions, rising sharply during periods with relatively low global interest rates and low VIX (called risk-on) and shrinking afterward. In open emerging market economies, interest rate increases can attract excessive capital inflows appreciating the exchange rate, and leading to excessive borrowing in foreign currency, and encouraging leverage. A well-designed macro prudential policy prevents c
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Petrović, Milena D. "KALKOVI IZ ENGLESKOG JEZIKA U SAVREMENOM SRPSKOM FILMU." In XVI Naučni skup mladih filologa Srbije. University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Philology and Art, Serbia, 2025. https://doi.org/10.46793/mfxvi-1.257p.

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The paper investigates the process of hybridization of the Serbian language through contact with the English language, in the theoretical framework of contact linguistics. The phenomenon under investigation is calquing – a type of borrowing that occurs when linguistic elements are literally translated from a foreign language. The aim of the paper is to identify and describe types of calquing in contemporary Serbian films. The corpus of this paper comprises four Serbian films of the crime genre: Humidity (2016), South Wind (2018), South Wind 2: Speed Up (2021), and The Only Way Out (2021), and
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Kálmán, Botond Géza. "Future Ways in Sustainable Economic Higher Education." In 7th FEB International Scientific Conference. University of Maribor, University Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18690/um.epf.3.2023.70.

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The purpose of this study is to examine the question of whether the current form of economic higher education meets the goals of sustainable education. In order to do this, author examined whether university students studying economics perform better in a special financial field, in their answers to the question of borrowing. For this purpose, author analysed the results of his own previous questionnaire survey using statistical methods. Among the questions in the questionnaire was selected those that examine theoretical and practical knowledge related to loans. The results show that the level
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Nechaeva, Iya V. "Foreign-language neologism dictionary: genre formation." In Lexicography of the digital age. TSU Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/978-5-907442-19-1-2021-24.

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The genre of the dictionary of foreign-language neologisms, reflecting its time, assumes dating of foreign-language occurrences, their selection from the point of view of functioning in the language and normative-stylistic characteristics. Subject to explicit labeling in the dictionary are borrowings themselves, quasi-borrowings, hybrid formations, secondary borrowings, and semantic derivatives.
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Alborov, I. D., F. G. Tedeeva, O. G. Burdzieva, V. V. Vernigor, and K. A. Buymistrova. "Preservation of Environmental Quality during the Mining and Industrial Development of Georesources of the North Caucasus." In Ecological and economic security of regions. Institute of Economics of the Ural branch of RAS, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.17059/eebr-2023-2.

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The article presents the results of the analysis of energy, socio-economic and geospheric resources of the mountainous areas of the North Caucasus, shows promising ways of their use for the sustainable development of mountainous regions. The immediate tasks of the state and private commercial structures, other participants of the Mountain Partnership for the reasonable economic and other use of mountain resources are determined. Practical recommendations are given for maintaining the natural balance in the zone of mining and processing of ores. Much attention is paid to the issues of the negat
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Atitsogbui, R. M. K., E. N. Atitsogbui, and N. V. Zimovets. "Social Aspects of Foreign Borrowings in Modern Russian." In International Scientific Conference "Far East Con" (ISCFEC 2020). Atlantis Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/aebmr.k.200312.082.

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Reports on the topic "Foreign borrowing"

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Acharya, Viral, and Siddharth Vij. Foreign Currency Borrowing of Corporations as Carry Trades: Evidence from India. National Bureau of Economic Research, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w28096.

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2

Edwards, Sebastian. Country Risk, Foreign Borrowing and the Social Discount Rate in an Open Developing Economy. National Bureau of Economic Research, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w1651.

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Fernandez, Andres, Julián Caballero, and Jongho Park. On Corporate Borrowing, Credit Spreads and Economic Activity in Emerging Economies: An Empirical Investigation. Inter-American Development Bank, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0011756.

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This paper studies the influence of external financial factors on economic activity in emerging economies (EMEs) motivated by a considerable increase in foreign financing by the corporate sector in EMEs since the early 2000s, mainly in the form of bond issuance. A quarterly external financial indicator for several EMEs is built using bond-level data on spreads of corporate bonds issued in foreign capital markets, and its relationship with economic activity is examined. Results show that the indicator has considerable predictive power on future economic activity. Furthermore, an identified adve
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4

Edwards, Sebastian. The Pricing of Bonds and Bank Loans in International Markets: An Empirical Analysis of Developing Countries' Foreign Borrowing. National Bureau of Economic Research, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w1689.

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5

Acosta-Henao, Miguel, María Alejandra Amado, Montserrat Martí, and David Pérez-Reyna. Heterogeneous UIPDs across Firms: Spillovers from U.S. Monetary Policy Shocks. Banco de España, 2025. https://doi.org/10.53479/40345.

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This paper investigates the granular transmission of U.S. monetary policy shocks to deviations from the uncovered interest rate parity (UIPDs) in emerging economies. Using a comprehensive dataset from Chile that accounts for firm-bank relationships and the time-variant characteristics of both firms and banks, we uncover several key findings: (1) Shocks to the federal funds rate (FFR) increase banks’ costs of foreign borrowing. (2) These higher credit costs disproportionately affect small firms, raising their UIPDs more than for large firms. (3) This size-differentiated impact stems from the re
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Montiel, Peter J., and Eduardo Fernández-Arias. Crisis Response in Latin America: Is the "Rainy Day" at Hand? Inter-American Development Bank, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0010915.

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This paper examines the countercyclical policy options available to Latin American countries in the face of the current global economic crisis, concluding that most of the major countries in the region appear to possess the fiscal space (as measured by credible fiscal sustainability and debt headroom) to run prudent countercyclical fiscal deficits. Those countries should undertake a constrained fiscal expansion focused on productive public spending and financed by rainy day fundslarge stocks of foreign exchange reserves that they have accumulated during recent yearsrather than by market borrow
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7

Agosin, Manuel R., Christian Larraín, and Nicolás Grau. Industrial Policy in Chile. Inter-American Development Bank, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0011370.

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This paper studies three horizontal policy instruments and two vertical ones in Chilean industrial policy, particularly regarding small and medium enterprises (SMEs). The horizontal instruments are (1) a guarantee program for borrowing by SMEs (FOGAPE), (2) a small subsidy to new exports that was applied from 1985 through 2003, and (3) the innovation subsidies provided by the Corporación de Fomento de la Producción (CORFO). The vertical policy instruments are the activities of Fundación Chile (FCh), a semi-public entrepreneur cum venture capitalist, and a CORFO program to attract foreign direc
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8

Vignoles, Christopher, and Anneke Jessen. Trinidad and Tobago: Trade Performance and Policy Issues in an Era of Growing Liberalization. Inter-American Development Bank, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0008697.

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Trade can be a powerful engine of growth. In today¿s global economy, where investment moves quickly across borders and continents, and trade barriers are rapidly coming down, a competitive exporter has much to gain. In an ever-more liberalized world economy, however, competition is also that much harsher, and only the best will capture the benefits of new markets and business opportunities. Particularly in small, open economies like that of Trinidad and Tobago, weak export performance can impair a country¿s development prospects. Export income is needed to pay for imports, to pay off foreign d
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Restrepo, Sergio, Roberto Steiner, Juan Camilo Medellín, César Pabón, and Adolfo Barajas. Balance Sheet Effects in Colombian Non-Financial Firms. Inter-American Development Bank, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0011769.

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After building up foreign currency-denominated (FC) liabilities over several years, the balance sheets of Colombian firms might be particularly vulnerable to a shift in external conditions. This paper undertakes four exercises in order to get a better understanding of these vulnerabilities. First, probit/logit estimations are used to identify the firm-level and macroeconomic determinants of FC borrowing by non-financial corporations. Second, the implications of the balance sheet vulnerability for real activity are investigated. Evidence is found of an FC balance sheet effect that transmits exc
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10

Asia Bond Monitor September 2023. Asian Development Bank, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/tcs230340-2.

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This edition shows how a modest improvement in economic fundamentals has buoyed East Asia’s local currency bond (LCY) markets, but potential renewed increases in inflation and further interest rate hikes could pose risks for the region’s borrowers. Covering the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), the People's Republic of China, Hong Kong, China, and the Republic of Korea, the report notes that positive investment sentiment supported a narrowing of risk premiums, a rally in equity markets, and net foreign portfolio inflows. However, interest rates in the region remained elevated, pa
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