Relevant bibliographies by topics / Foreign currency reserve

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Foreign currency reserve'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 January 2023
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Foreign currency reserve"

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Rajan, Ramkishen S., and Sasidaran Gopalan. "India's International Reserves: How Large and How Diversified?" Global Economy Journal 10, no. 3 (2010): 1850202. http://dx.doi.org/10.2202/1524-5861.1623.

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Asymmetric foreign exchange intervention by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has resulted in a sustained accretion of India’s foreign exchange reserves. The reserve buildup in India has certainly been impressive, rising from around US$5-6 million in 1991, to nearly US$300 billion in mid 2008. In addition to addressing the issues of reserve adequacy, this paper examines the forms the reserves have taken (asset and currency composition), and the extent to which India’s reserve holdings are diversified. The issue of reserve adequacy was made apparent during the 1990s and early 2000 when rapid rese
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Eichengreen, Barry, Arnaud Mehl, and Livia Chiţu. "Mars or Mercury? The geopolitics of international currency choice*." Economic Policy 34, no. 98 (2019): 315–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/epolic/eiz005.

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SummaryWe assess the role of economic and security considerations in the currency composition of international reserves. We contrast the ‘Mercury hypothesis’ that currency choice is governed by pecuniary factors familiar to the literature, such as economic size and credibility of major reserve currency issuers, against the ‘Mars hypothesis’ that this depends on geopolitical factors. Using data on foreign reserves of 19 countries before World War I, for which the currency composition of reserves is known and security alliances proliferated, our results lend support to both hypotheses. We find t
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Chernilevskaya, Klavdiya E. "Internationalization of Renminbi as a Function of China’s Foreign Exchange Policy." RUDN Journal of Political Science 23, no. 2 (2021): 233–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-1438-2021-23-2-233-242.

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This article discusses the prospects of the Chinese renminbi (RMB) to expand its sphere of influence and become a full-scale reserve world currency. The methods used in the article are retrospective analysis and graphic analysis. The work is divided into three sections. The first section provides a broad overview of modern reserve currencies. The second part characterizes RMBs shaping as a reserve currency, as well as inner and outer factors that influence its status. The third section includes information about RMBs current status and its perspectives for being a reserve currency in the futur
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Orăștean, Ramona. "The Official Use of International Currencies – Assessments and Implications." Studies in Business and Economics 10, no. 3 (2015): 71–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/sbe-2015-0037.

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Abstract The paper analyses the official use of international currencies as reserve currency (store of value) and anchor currency (unit of account). Examining the role as a reserve currency we note that the US dollar is the main reserve currency even if it recorded a decline given the decrease of the value of the US dollar reserve holdings and the gradual diversification of the currencies used. Since 2010, the euro's share decreased continuously may be due to the Eurozone crisis and the euro's depreciation against the US dollar. Then we show that the US dollar dominates as an anchor currency,
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Obstfeld, Maurice, Jay C. Shambaugh, and Alan M. Taylor. "Financial Stability, the Trilemma, and International Reserves." American Economic Journal: Macroeconomics 2, no. 2 (2010): 57–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/mac.2.2.57.

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The rapid growth of international reserves, a development concentrated in the emerging markets, remains a puzzle. In this paper, we suggest that a model based on financial stability and financial openness goes far toward explaining reserve holdings in the modern era of globalized capital markets. The size of domestic financial liabilities that could potentially be converted into foreign currency (M2), financial openness, the ability to access foreign currency through debt markets, and exchange rate policy are all significant predictors of reserve stocks. Our empirical financial-stability model
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Gopinath, Gita, and Jeremy C. Stein. "Trade Invoicing, Bank Funding, and Central Bank Reserve Holdings." AEA Papers and Proceedings 108 (May 1, 2018): 542–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/pandp.20181065.

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We develop a model that shows how the currency denomination of a country's imports influences the funding structure of its banking system, and in turn, the currency composition of its central bank's reserve holdings. The link between the dollar's role in bank funding and its role as a central bank reserve currency is stronger when the country's fiscal capacity is limited, and when exchange rates are volatile. In the data, there is a pronounced cross-country relationship between the fraction of imports that are dollar invoiced, and the fraction of central-bank foreign-exchange reserves that are
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Tskhovrebov, M. P. "Expanding the use of the ruble in international settlements." Management and Business Administration, no. 3 (October 19, 2022): 54–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.33983/2075-1826-2022-3-54-63.

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The freezing of Russian assets and the continued risk of new sanctions creates incentives for abandoning the currencies of unfriendly countries and expanding the use of the ruble in cross-border settlements. In addition to prestige, the advantage of the internationalization of the national currency is the reduction of transaction costs and foreign exchange risks of foreign trade participants, which will contribute to the development of foreign trade. An increase in external demand for financial assets denominated in rubles will help increase the depth of the market and reduce the cost of borro
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Schularick, Moritz. "Touching the Brakes after the Crash: A Historical View of Reserve Accumulation and Financial Integration." Global Economy Journal 9, no. 4 (2009): 1850185. http://dx.doi.org/10.2202/1524-5861.1585.

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Over the past decade emerging markets accumulated foreign currency reserves to insure against the risks of global financial integration. They were wise to do so. Countries with large reserves have fared better in the crisis of 2008/09. Yet collectively reserve accumulation had unintended consequences. It has contributed to the build-up of global imbalances and financial distortions that helped create the macroeconomic backdrop for the crisis. This article looks at recent patterns of global capital flows from the perspective of economic history, trying to set events in a longer term perspective
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Son, Byunghwan. "Democracy and Reserves." Foreign Policy Analysis 16, no. 3 (2019): 417–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/fpa/orz020.

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Abstract Does democracy affect foreign exchange reserves? This paper identifies four possible explanations for the determinants of foreign exchange reserves. Using the relationship between public goods provision and political regime types as a conceptual centerpiece, it offers a theoretical framework in which these four arguments are pit against each other. The “insurance” and “social cost” arguments posit monotonously positive and negative relationships between democracy and reserves, respectively, each citing democratic governments’ propensity to provide public goods such as financial stabil
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Moiseev, S. "Russian Ruble as an International Reserve Currency." Voprosy Ekonomiki, no. 9 (September 20, 2008): 4–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2008-9-4-21.

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Can the Russian ruble become an international reserve currency? By identifying the key determinants of the international status of national currency this paper estimates possibilities of the ruble. The significant determinants include: the size of the home country, inflation rate, exchange rate volatility, the size of the relevant home financial market, and network externality. The author believes that several factors are in favor of the Russian currency, in particular the turnover and liquidity of foreign exchange market, the size of foreign trade, the development of international market of d
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Foreign currency reserve"

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Громада, О. П. "Формування та використання золотовалютних резервів НБУ". Thesis, Одеський національний економічний університет, 2021. http://local.lib/diploma/Hromada.pdf.

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Доступ до роботи тільки на території бібліотеки ОНЕУ, для переходу натисніть на посилання нижче<br>У роботі розглядаються теоретичні засади, формування та використання золотовалютних резервiв центрального банку країни, правовий режим процесу формування та використання золотовалютних резервiв. Проведено аналіз структури та динаміки золотовалютних резервів НБУ, оцінка валютних інтервенцій НБУ, достатності золотовалютних резервів України. Досліджено зарубіжний досвід формування та використання золотовалютних резервiв центральних банкiв та розглянуто можливість його імплементації у вітчизняну пра
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Мутичко, Ю. В. "Управління офіційними резервними активами центральних банків". Thesis, Одеський національний економічний університет, 2020. http://dspace.oneu.edu.ua/jspui/handle/123456789/12357.

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У роботі наведено теоретичні аспекти, що стосуються даної теми, а також охарактеризовано способи формування та використання офіційних резервних активів НБУ; проведено аналіз складу, динаміки та структури ЗВР, валютних інтервенцій НБУ, а також досліджено достатність золотовалютних резервів за різними критеріями; проаналізовано світовий досвід формування та використання офіційних резервних активів, визначено проблеми, що виникають у цих процесах. Розроблені теоретичні та практичні положення, що ґрунтуються на міжнародному досвіді, можуть бути використані Національним банком України для формуван
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Івасів, І. Б. "Вплив золотовалютних резервів на стабільність національної валюти". Thesis, Українська академія банківської справи Національного банку України, 2012. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/63888.

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Хомутенко, Я. В. "Формування та управління структурою золотовалютних резервів країн світу". Master's thesis, Українська академія банківської справи Національного банку України, 2014. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/55892.

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Дипломна робота присвячена питанням формування та управління золотовалютними резервами. В дипломній роботі здійснено аналіз ефективності управління золотовалютними резервами України, розглянуто світові тенденції у формуванні резервів країн, визначено напрямки вдосконалення управління золотовалютними резервами; запропоновано напрямок вдосконалення організаційної структури НБУ щодо управління міжнародними резервами; здійснено оцінку адекватності резервів України.<br>The master’s thesis is devoted to issues of formation and foreign exchange reserves management. The paper analyzes the effectivenes
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Веріга, Г. В. "Механізми регулювання валютного ринку України". Thesis, Донецький національний університет управління, 2013. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/51369.

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У дисертації обґрунтовано поняття і концепцію функціонування валют-ного ринку, охарактеризовано суб’єкти і об’єкти його регулювання із застосуванням системного підходу, формалізовано механізми та інструменти регулювання валютного ринку за умов європейської інтеграції, обґрунтовано необхідність і напрямки розвитку механізмів регулювання валютного ринку України. Проведено оцінку фрактальності і циклічності розвитку валютного ринку України, визначено фактори нестійкості і кризового стану валютного ринку, розвинуто механізми інтервенційної політики НБУ і урівноваження платіжного балансу України в
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Bisogni, Vinícius de Araujo. "Determinação de reservas de caixa em moeda estrangeira através de modelo estocástico de previsão de fluxo de caixa." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/11967.

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Submitted by Vinícius Bisogni (vibisogni@uol.com.br) on 2014-08-26T22:48:46Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao_Vinicius de Araujo Bisogni.pdf: 2688252 bytes, checksum: 608dee9763c8c1a015d3b54b3692c5b0 (MD5)<br>Approved for entry into archive by JOANA MARTORINI (joana.martorini@fgv.br) on 2014-08-27T11:45:32Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao_Vinicius de Araujo Bisogni.pdf: 2688252 bytes, checksum: 608dee9763c8c1a015d3b54b3692c5b0 (MD5)<br>Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-27T12:01:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao_Vinicius de Araujo Bisogni.pdf: 2688252 bytes, checksum: 608
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Leikus, Valdis. "Lietuvos mokėjimų balansas ir jo krizės aplinkybių įvertinimas 2009 m." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2010. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2010~D_20100224_133105-21596.

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Kadangi neigiami šalies mokėjimų balanso rodikliai gali būti būsimo šalies ekonominio nuosmukio ar krizės priežastis, todėl būtina suvokti, kokia šių rodiklių įtaka šalies daromiems sprendimams bei nustatyti, ar šių rodiklių pagalba galima prognozuoti būsimas šalies valiutų krizes, kitaip dar vadinamas mokėjimų balanso krizėmis. Atsižvelgiant į tai, magistro baigiamajame darbe analizuojama mokėjimų balanso krizės situacija bei jos pasireiškimo tikimybė Lietuvoje. Atliktas tyrimas aktualus, nes mokslinėje literatūroje Lietuvos mokėjimų balanso krizės susidarymo rizikos analizės per pastaruosius
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NIE, Li, and 麗. 聶. "China's Foreign Exchange Reserve Accumulation and Its Currency Composition Management." Thesis, 2017. https://doi.org/10.15057/28485.

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Godinho, Diogo Manuel Ferreira. "The euro as a reserve currency: Cooperation between P.R. China and Europe." Master's thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10071/6307.

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The weight of the U.S. Dollar and the Euro on world reserves is unquestionable. Both these currencies are the most important currency-faces that represent world economy given their significance in terms of reserves. The U.S. Dollar is, in terms of world economy‟s assets transactions, economy funding and currency representativeness, the most important and dominant international currency. This dominion is real and will not change in the near future regardless of the efforts suggested in this thesis. The Euro is looking forward to challenge the pre-eminence of the U.S. Dollar and has achieved a
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Alharbi, Mohanned. "Identifying an Optimal Foreign Currency Reserve Composition to Mitigate the Volatility Spillover Effect of Declining Oil Price: The Case of Saudi Arabia." Thesis, 2020. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/41774/.

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Saudi Arabia, one of the Group of Twenty (G20) economies, has fascinated the world with its increase of foreign currency reserve based on oil revenues. The sharp rise in Saudi foreign currency reserves is one of the most important features of the nation’s rapid wealth accumulation. Foreign reserves are viewed as a national source of economic growth security and financial stability. However, since the 2014–2016 oil price decline, foreign reserves have largely been spent; the depletion has been attributed to sustained government expenditure and declining oil revenues. This study addresses the f
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Books on the topic "Foreign currency reserve"

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Ramaswamy, Srichander. Reserve currency allocation: An alternative methodology. Bank for International Settlements, Monetary and Economic Dept., 1999.

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Eichengreen, Barry J. Sterling's past, dollar's future: Historical perspectives on reserve currency competition. National Bureau of Economic Research, 2005.

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Chinn, Menzie David. Will the Euro eventually surpass the dollar as leading international reserve currency? National Bureau of Economic Research, 2005.

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Ya Zhou qu yu he zuo yu guo ji chu bei huo bi ti xi gai ge: Regional cooperation in Asia and reform of international reserve currency system. She hui ke xue wen xian chu ban she, 2011.

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Kovanen, Arto. Reserve requirements on foreign currency deposits in Sub-Saharan Africa: Main features and policy implications. International Monetary Fund, African Department, 2002.

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Hsieh, Chang-Tai. Was the Federal Reserve fettered?: Devaluation expectations in the 1932 monetary expansion. National Bureau of Economic Research, 2001.

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Dooley, Michael P. The revived Bretton Woods System: The effects of periphery intervention and reserve management on interest rates & exchange rates in center countries. National Bureau of Economic Research, 2004.

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Dooley, Michael P. The revived Bretton Woods system: The effects of periphery intervention and reserve management on interest rates and exchange rates in center countries. National Bureau of Economic Research, 2004.

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Fund, International Monetary. The currency composition of foreign exchange reserves. International Monetary Fund, 1988.

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Disyatat, Piti. Currency crises and foreign reserves: A simple model. International Monetary Fund, Research Department, 2001.

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Book chapters on the topic "Foreign currency reserve"

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Gumata, Nombulelo, and Eliphas Ndou. "Foreign Currency Reserves: Do They Contribute to GDP Growth and Employment Growth?" In Achieving Price, Financial and Macro-Economic Stability in South Africa. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-66340-7_13.

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Bindseil, Ulrich, and Alessio Fotia. "International Monetary Frameworks." In Introduction to Central Banking. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-70884-9_7.

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AbstractIn this chapter we turn to representing flows of funds in alternative international monetary frameworks, and what global liquidity these different frameworks provide. We first recall some arguments in favour of and against fixed exchange rate systems. We then introduce two international monetary arrangements of the past which imply fixed exchange rates, namely the gold standard and the Bretton Woods system, and recall why both eventually failed. We then turn to three international monetary frameworks in the context of the current paper standard, i.e. fixed exchange rate systems, flexible exchange rate systems, and the European monetary union. We explain the role of an international lender of last resort and related solutions, and how these allow for more leeway in running fixed exchange rate systems. We also show how banks and central bank balance sheets are affected by international flows of funds and the balance of payments. Finally, we briefly review recent developments of foreign currency reserves, being the key central bank balance sheet position in this context.
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Gumata, Nombulelo, and Eliphas Ndou. "Is There a Compelling Case to Increase the SARB Holdings of Government Securities to Supplement Interest Income and Neutralise Losses Due to Foreign Investments and Foreign Currency Reserves Accumulation?" In Achieving Price, Financial and Macro-Economic Stability in South Africa. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-66340-7_10.

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Osokina, Elena. "Why Did Stalin Need Torgsin?" In Stalin's Quest for Gold. Cornell University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501758515.003.0006.

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This chapter assesses why Joseph Stalin needed Torgsin. The analysis of Soviet foreign trade data, foreign debt, gold and currency reserves, and gold production shows a direct and tight correlation between the opening of Torgsin and the currency needs of industrialization. The year 1931, when Torgsin began its large-scale operation of buying up gold from the population, marked the high point of industrial imports. The country was deep in debt and had little with which to pay it off: exports had failed to bring in the expected currency earnings, and the gold reserve of the Russian Empire had been exhausted. The acute gold and hard-currency crisis defined the moment when the elite “for foreigners only” Torgsin began to turn into a people's enterprise. The urgent need for Torgsin was also determined by the fact that the country's gold mining industry had yet to be created.
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Ghosh, Atish R., Jonathan D. Ostry, and Mahvash S. Qureshi. "Concluding Thoughts." In Taming the Tide of Capital Flows. The MIT Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/9780262037167.003.0012.

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This concluding chapter argues that the policy makers' vade mecum laid out in the previous chapter raises broader issues for the global monetary system. Notwithstanding the fact that some of the emerging markets may have liberalized their capital accounts prematurely, it questions whether emerging markets have further to gain from opening up, or indeed whether they would not be better off retaining restrictions on at least the riskiest forms of foreign liabilities and transactions. This is particularly pertinent since most of these countries do not enjoy the liquidity insurance provided by swap facilities let alone the reserve currency status. They are forced to self-insure through reserve accumulation, which is costly both to the country and to the international monetary system. Alternative forms of insurance could arguably yield favorable benefit–cost trade-offs, particularly if they result in a safer mix of flows that makes economies less prone to risks from changes in global push factors.
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Bianchi, Javier, and Guido Lorenzoni. "The prudential use of capital controls and foreign currency reserves." In Handbook of International Economics: International Macroeconomics, Volume 6. Elsevier, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/bs.hesint.2022.02.011.

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Eichengreen, Barry, and Donald J. Mathieson. "The Currency Composition of Foreign Exchange Reserves: Retrospect and Prospect." In The Impact of EMU on Europe and the Developing Countries. Oxford University Press, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199245314.003.0010.

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"Discussion of CRD Simulation Results." In Stabilizing Currency and Preserving Economic Sovereignty Using the Grondona System. IGI Global, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-8302-9.ch011.

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The results of the simulations shown in Chapter 10 clearly show the consistent pattern of operation of the Grondona system, buying and selling reserves of commodities in response to changes in market prices as reliably as under a gold standard. This has a range of direct and indirect effects which are discussed in this chapter, including the reliably counter-cyclical timing of changes in the quantity of the CRD's reserves, and the parallel changes in the national money supply, the system's contribution to resisting inflationary pressures, and the effect of a CRD's reserves of a commodity falling to zero. Some remaining uncertainties about the system's operation are also discussed, notably about the foreign exchange market's likely response to the system expanding the money supply when commodity prices are falling.
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Eichengreen, Barry. "Oil and Water." In In Defense of Public Debt. Oxford University PressNew York, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197577899.003.0010.

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Abstract This chapter describes how emerging economies rebounded from the late 1980s and reentered the global debt market, building on their experience with Brady bonds. However, the 1997–98 East Asian crisis was a brutal reminder that external borrowing had to be carefully managed. Among the lessons from the crisis was a realization that currency and maturity mismatches exposed governments and banks to serious risks in the event of capital flight. Following the crisis, policymakers in emerging economies accumulated foreign exchange reserves and sought to create local-currency markets for public debt. This addressed some structural fragilities but ignored others, such as excessive dependence on domestic banks, a problem that would return with a vengeance in the new millennium.
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Nurseiit, Nurlan, and Darmen Sadvakassov. "Key Factors Affecting the Investment Attractiveness of an Oil Producing Country." In Economic Dynamics of Global Energy Geopolitics. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-4203-2.ch003.

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Foreign direct investment (FDI) is the engine of growth of all countries, contributing to the inflow of financial capital, technology, skills, employment, to the establishment of production of modern goods and services, which enables a national economy to become more competitive in the global market. However, the developing or transition countries often lack the capital to finance their own development. Analysis of 21 developed and developing oil-producing countries from 2008 to 2014 show that the most important factors for attracting investment in the oil and gas sector are the discovery of attractive fields, the creation of a developed and modern infrastructure, increases proven reserves of hydrocarbons, and of corruption. Less important but still factors are a stable currency, an open trade regime, favorable business conditions, as well as lower taxes on oil-producing business.
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Conference papers on the topic "Foreign currency reserve"

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Yu, Mei, and Jie Gao. "The Optimal Currency Composition of China's Foreign Exchange Reserve." In 2011 Fourth International Joint Conference on Computational Sciences and Optimization (CSO). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cso.2011.278.

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Han, Liyan, and Jie Yang. "Optimal Currency Composition of Foreign Exchange Reserve during Financial Crisis." In 2010 International Conference on E-Product E-Service and E-Entertainment (ICEEE 2010). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iceee.2010.5660868.

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Yereli, Ahmet Burçin, and Tuncay Kara. "Turkish States' New Field Of Attack: Health Tourism." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c03.00455.

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The lifetime of human being has lengthened out depending on the developing medical technology and the incredible development of life conditions in accordance with the past. Subject to the lengthening lifetime, high expenditures are excessively spent for the health service in order to keep and develop their health level by both the individuals and the states that reserve high shares for health from their budgets. Through the direct flow of foreign currency into the economies of the States, the field where the easiest money transfer is performed is tourism. In the 21st century, the name of the m
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Ronghua Chen. "The impact of China's foreign exchange reserves on currency mismatch." In 2012 First National Conference for Engineering Sciences (FNCES). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/nces.2012.6543352.

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Chen, Ronghua. "The Impact of China's Foreign Exchange Reserves on Currency Mismatch." In 2013 Conference on Education Technology and Management Science. Atlantis Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icetms.2013.250.

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Ganiev, Junus, Jusup Pirimbaev, and Damira Baigonushova. "Relationship between Exchange Rate and Reserves in EAEU Countries." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c12.02380.

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The Eurasian Economic Union, which was officially established five years ago, faced many financial and economic problems in this period. After 2014, when sanctions against Russia began, all members’ national currency suffered serious depreciation and central banks had to actively intervene in the foreign exchange market. In fact, Russia and Kazakhstan have changed regime and switched from the fixed to the flexible exchange rate system. Since the foreign exchange market has been more stable in recent years, central banks are trying to complete the reserves that had been lost that period. Theref
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Yongmao, Wang. "Currency Mismatch, Foreign Reserves and RMB Exchange Rate Evidence on 1986 -- 2010 Data in China." In 2013 Seventh International Conference on Innovative Mobile and Internet Services in Ubiquitous Computing (IMIS). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/imis.2013.139.

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He, Li-na, and Chuan-zhe Liu. "An empirical analysis of the relation of foreign exchange reserves and currency supply M2 in China." In 2008 International Conference on Management Science and Engineering (ICMSE). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icmse.2008.4669076.

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Narin, Müslüme, and Alpay Öznazik. "International Monetary System and the Emergence of Renminbi." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c08.01945.

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After the 2008 crisis International Monetary System (IMS) entered a period of change. The system under hegemony of dollar criticized in financial markets with regards to instability and lack of confidence. Whereas IMF argued that the IMS should be restructured in emerging markets, in the report of World Bank it was estimated that in the future of IMS a multipolar multiple currency system which includes Dollar, Euro and Renminbi (RMB) will improve (World Bank, 2011: xii). BRICS countries wanted diversify, especially, the Chinese reserves, but the Executive Board of IMF rejected SDR basket to be
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Mukanov, Adil, and Asset Zhumadil. "Transition to New Reserves Reporting System in Kazakhstan: Challenges and Benefits." In SPE Annual Caspian Technical Conference. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/207056-ms.

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Abstract The 74th step of "100 Concrete Step of Nation Plan" initiated by the first president of the Republic of Kazakhstan (RoK) Nursultan Nazarbayev states that Kazakhstani reserves reporting system must be changed to the international standards. One of them actively proposed is the SPE-PRMS. Therefore, the main goal of the paper is to show challenges of the transition, discuss possible problems, their solution and, eventually, advantages for the companies. In the paper the main aspects of the current State Committee of Reserves (SCR) system or well-known as GKZ system inherited from the Sov
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Reports on the topic "Foreign currency reserve"

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Dominguez, Kathryn M. E., Rasmus Fatum, and Pavel Vacek. Does Foreign Exchange Reserve Decumulation Lead to Currency Appreciation? National Bureau of Economic Research, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w16044.

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Andreasen, Eugenia, and Victoria Nuguer. Capital Flow Management Measures and Dollarization. Inter-American Development Bank, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0002905.

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This paper studies from an empirical and theoretical perspective the systemic and bank-level effects of imposing reserve requirements (RR) in foreign currency in an economy with a heavily dollarized financial system. The paper empirically characterizes banks responses to the RR carried out by the Peruvian Central Bank since 2008 with the objective of stabilizing the financial market and meeting its policy targets. The results suggest that the RR is effective in reducing the overall level of credit in the economy and that banks response in terms of credit and deposits is very heterogeneous depe
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Bianchi, Javier, and Guido Lorenzoni. The Prudential Use of Capital Controls and Foreign Currency Reserves. National Bureau of Economic Research, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w29476.

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Giovannini, Alberto. Currency Substitution and the Fluctuations of Foreign-Exchange Reserves with Credibly Fixed Exchange Rates. National Bureau of Economic Research, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w3636.

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Vargas-Herrera, Hernando, Juan Jose Ospina-Tejeiro, Carlos Alfonso Huertas-Campos, et al. Monetary Policy Report - April de 2021. Banco de la República de Colombia, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/inf-pol-mont-eng.tr2-2021.

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1.1 Macroeconomic summary Economic recovery has consistently outperformed the technical staff’s expectations following a steep decline in activity in the second quarter of 2020. At the same time, total and core inflation rates have fallen and remain at low levels, suggesting that a significant element of the reactivation of Colombia’s economy has been related to recovery in potential GDP. This would support the technical staff’s diagnosis of weak aggregate demand and ample excess capacity. The most recently available data on 2020 growth suggests a contraction in economic activity of 6.8%, lowe
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Report of the Board of Directors to the Congress of Colombia - March 2015. Banco de la República, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/inf-jun-dir-con-rep-eng.03-2015.

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The Board of Directors of Banco de la República, in accordance with the provisions of article 5° of Act [“Law”] 31/1992, submits to the Congress of the Republic of Colombia a Report on the macroeconomic performance of years 2014 and 2015 to date. Similarly, targets adopted for the current year by the Board of Directors and prospects of the different macroeconomic variables are shown. The last two chapters report the composition of foreign reserves and the projection of Banco de la República’s financial situation for year 2015.
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Financial Stability Report - Second Semester of 2020. Banco de la República de Colombia, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/rept-estab-fin.sem2.eng-2020.

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The Colombian financial system has not suffered major structural disruptions during these months of deep economic contraction and has continued to carry out its basic functions as usual, thus facilitating the economy's response to extreme conditions. This is the result of the soundness of financial institutions at the beginning of the crisis, which was reflected in high liquidity and capital adequacy indicators as well as in the timely response of various authorities. Banco de la República lowered its policy interest rates 250 points to 1.75%, the lowest level since the creation of the new ind
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Monetary Policy Report - October 2022. Banco de la República Colombia, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/inf-pol-mont-eng.tr4-2022.

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1.1 Macroeconomic summary In September, headline inflation (11.4% annually) and the average of core inflation indicators (8.6% annually) continued on a rising trend, and higher increases than expected were recorded. Forecasts increased again, and inflation expectations remained above 3%. Inflationary surprises in the third quarter were significant and widespread, and they are the result of several shocks. On the one hand, international cost and price shocks, which have mainly affected goods and foods, continue to exert upwards pressure on national inflation. In addition to these external suppl
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