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1
Faghihi, Taleghani Hamed. "Essays on Financial Market Development, Foreign Direct Investment and Economic Growth." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018REN1G003.
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Cette thèse est composée en quatre chapitres distincts. Dans le premier chapitre, nous examinons le lien à long terme entre le développement des marchés boursiers, le développement du secteur bancaire et la croissance économique du groupe BRICS en utilisant l’analyse de données de panel. Notre analyse empirique indique que l'indicateur du développement du marché boursier ainsi que l'indicateur du développement du secteur bancaire ont un impact positif et significatif sur la croissance économique. Cependant, l'indicateur de la profondeur du système financier a un effet négatif et significatif sur la croissance. Dans le deuxième chapitre, nous étudions l'impact direct des investissements directs étrangers (IDE) ainsi que l’interaction entre de l’IDE et de la liberté économique sur la croissance économique dans un panel des pays en voie de développement en utilisant l’analyse de données de panel dynamiques et la méthode des moments généralisée (GMM). Nos résultats mettent en évidence de l’effet significatif et positif de la liberté économique sur la croissance économique. En outre, l'impact de l'IDE via le canal de la liberté économique est positif et significatif. Cependant, l'effet de l’IDE sur la croissance économique pourrait varier en termes de développement des pays. Le troisième chapitre étudie l'impact direct de l'IDE et l'effet interactif de l'IDE via les indicateurs de marché financier sur la croissance économique de 20 pays en utilisant l’analyse de données de panel dynamiques et la méthode GMM. Notre analyse empirique indique que l'IDE a un effet significatif et positif sur la croissance économique à travers deux indicateurs du secteur bancaire. De même, les mêmes résultats ont conclu pour l'indicateur de la capitalisation boursière. Cependant, l'effet de l'IDE via l'indicateur de la liquidité du marché boursier est négatif. Dans le quatrième chapitre, nous examinons l'effet de la crise financière à travers les indicateurs du marché boursier sur la croissance économique dans le cas des pays du groupe D8 en utilisant des données de panel dynamiques et la méthode GMM. Les résultats concernant trois modèles employés dans cette étude montrent que la crise financière a un effet négatif et significatif via les indicateurs du marché boursier sur la croissance économique. Par conséquence, la crise financière cause de la réduction de l'impact positif du développement des marchés boursiers sur la croissance économique. Cependant, l'impact direct du développement des marchés boursiers est positif. De même, l’indicateur du secteur bancaire a un effet positif sur la croissance. Aussi, nous montrons que l'impact du secteur bancaire sur la croissance est significativement plus important que l'impact du marché boursier<br>This thesis is composed of four separate chapters. In the first chapter, the long-term relationship between stock market development, banking sector development and economic growth in the BRICS group countries has been investigated using panel data analysis. The findings reveal that the proxy of stock market development and also the employed proxy of banking sector development have positive and significant impact on economic growth. However, the channel of financial depth in study countries has a negative and significant effect on growth. In the second chapter, the direct and interactive impact of foreign direct investment and economic freedom on economic growth has been studied in a panel of developing countries using dynamic panel data and generalized method of moments (GMM) approach. The results depict a significant and positive effect of economic freedom on economic growth. Also the impact of FDI through economic freedom channel is positive and significant. However, the effect of FDI on growth may vary in terms of development. The third chapter sought to study the direct impact of FDI and also the interactive effect of FDI through proxies of financial market on economic growth of 20 countries using dynamic panel data and GMM approach. In this regard, the interaction of FDI with four indicators of financial market development has been examined. The results indicate a significant and positive impact of FDI through two proxies of banking sector on economic growth. Similarly, the same results concluded for the indicator of stock market capitalization. However, the effect of FDI through the indicator of stock market liquidity is negative. The fourth chapter aims to examine the effect of global financial crisis through the proxies of stock market on economic growth in case of D8 group countries using dynamic panel data and GMM method. The results concerning three employed models in this study reveal that financial crisis has a significant negative effect through stock market development proxies on economic growth. Accordingly, financial crisis cause to reduction of positive impact of stock market development on economic growth. However, the direct impact of stock market development is positively correlated with economic growth. Likewise, the proxy of banking sector has a positive effect on growth. Also by comparison the effect of stock market development and banking sector development, it can be concluded that impact of banking sector on growth is significantly more than the impact stock market
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Babatunde, Abimbola Fatimah. "Financial development, foreign direct investment and economic growth : challenges for developing countries." Thesis, University of Hull, 2011. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:6346.
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Although the pattern of growth in developing countries is characterised by instability, uncertainties and volatility, the experience of the five fast-growing developing economies of Brazil, Russia, India, Mexico and China (BRIMCs) presents an unprecedented challenge for other developing countries. Therefore, this thesis argues that the emergence of the BRIMCs as the future growth engine of the world presents an excellent backdrop to re-examine the importance of financial development and foreign direct investment (FDI) in the Sub-Saharan African (SSA) context. It is important to mention that for empirical studies, the methodologies used for estimations will differ for different groups of countries. Hence, the study applies panel data techniques to take into account the heterogeneity of these developing countries. It further uses dynamic panel data framework and a panel co-integration analysis to capture the long-run relationships. The measures employed assessed various aspects of financial development including; private credit as a ratio of GDP, bank credit, liquid liabilities, stock market capitalisation and value of stock traded, and a single measure of FDI being the annual inflow of FDI as a ratio of GDP for 60 developing countries during 1980-2007. The study also explores the interaction between economic openness and human capital insofar as the attraction of FDI is concerned in the developing countries under consideration. The findings reveal that financial liberalisation and good institutions are important for financial development. For the SSA countries, the results indicate that while financial liberalisation promotes stock market development, the lack of good institutions, in particular control of corruption, bureaucratic quality and rule of law are less favourable to financial development. Furthermore, the study finds that economic openness and human capital also play an important role in the attraction of FDI and the growth effect of FDI in developing countries. The primary policy implication is that SSA countries should make efforts towards initiating and implementing financial sector development reforms and FDI incentives.
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Bolani, Lindelwa Mandisa. "The interrelationships between foreign direct investment and economic growth in Africa." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1019885.
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There has been a long search for the keys to development and economic growth in Africa. This study investigates the relationship between FDI and economic growth over the period 2000-2012 using data from 48 African countries. On the aggregate regional level FDI and economic growth were found to be positively correlated during this period. Using panel data econometric techniques and the Panel Granger Causality test, results revealed that a bi-directional causality relationship existed between FDI and GDP. Thus, the results suggest that GDP is a requirement for increased investment, and at the same time is the result of increased foreign investment. Thus, the conclusion is that African policy makers are justified in increasing their attempts to create an attractive business environment for foreign investors, as it is beneficial for economic growth.
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Mbeki, Zizipho. "The effect of foreign direct investment on economic growth in South Africa." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/11166.
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The effect of FDI on economic growth is not a straight jacket. Literature has shown that the effect of FDI on economic growth can be either positive or negative. The positive effects of FDI can be caused by increase in output stimulated by new technological innovations and increase in capital flows. The negative effects could result in a ‘crowding out’ effect on domestic investments, external vulnerability and dependence, destructive competition of foreign affiliates with domestic firms, and market stealing effect due to poor absorptive capacity.This treatise will attempt to shed light on the effect foreign direct investment has on economic growth in South Africa in order to ascertain whether a positive or negative relationship exists between these two variables. This study thus aims to investigate, analyse and estimate the extent to which FDI impacts economic growth in South Africa. The findings of this research will provide policymakers, commercial businesses and scholars with relevant updated theoretical and empirical results that will assist relevant government policy makers in generating effective measures of attracting FDI if it proves to be beneficial for the host country. If the results of the study prove that FDIs do not generate positive spill over effects then the policymakers are thus obliged to formulate policies that will discourage FDIs from penetrating the host country’s economy.
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Sheya, Etuna. "Foreign Direct Investment, Economic Growth and Employment creation: A Causality Analysis from Namibia." Master's thesis, Faculty of Commerce, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/33025.
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The research explored the long-term relationship between FDI, GDP and host country employment by using sector-wise panel data from 1991 to 2017 in Namibia. The study applied unit root testing and Cointegration test to test for the presence of a cointegration relationship between the variables. Also, a vector autoregression model short-run causality among the variables was examined. In the end, Impulse response functions are estimated. The research found both a short term and long-term causality going from FDI inflow to employment. Impulse responses show that both GDP and employment respond positively to an exogenous shock in FDI inflow. However, the employment response to FDI inflow shock is smaller than that of GDP response. The paper also concludes that FDI has no causal effects on economic growth in Namibia. It means that economic growth is not contributed by the FDI significantly the results in this research have some significant policy implications. Therefore, as the results suggest that the FDI inflow has a positive impact on employment, because of the results, the researcher also recommends that Namibia pursue the policy of attracting foreign firms aggressively and create all the conditions required for attracting foreign direct investment in order to create further employment opportunities.
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Hashi, Mohamed, and William Ericsson. "The effects of foreign direct investment inflows on economic growth in OECD countries." Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, Nationalekonomi, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-44329.
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Foreign direct investment is an important topic in economic research. FDI occurs when a firm invests in a foreign country. The purpose of this thesis is to empirically analyze the effects of FDI on the economic growth of the selected sample of twenty-one OECD countries. The thesis is based on a theoretical model of cross-country regressions and a panel data technique methodology was followed. The results of the time-period 1998-2017, show a direct positive impact of FDI on GDP per capita growth, namely economic growth. Moreover, it was found a lack of complementarity between FDI inflows and human capital, and a negative dependency between FDI inflows and institutions such as private sector credit.
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Maseko, Michael. "Foreign direct investment and economic growth in South Africa: a sector level causality analysis." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/29038.
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Many empirical studies hypothesise that foreign direct investment (FDI) has a positive impact on economic growth. As a result, FDI has been targeted by many countries in their attempts to increase their standards of economic growth. South Africa (like many developing economies) is not a stranger to this phenomenon. However, there is a dearth of literature analysing the relationship between FDI and economic growth at a sector level in South Africa. This thesis analyses the causal relationship between FDI and economic growth in South Africa at a sector level comprising primary, secondary and tertiary industries. This study applied a more robust and asymptotically reliable Toda-Yamamoto-Dolado-Lutkephol (1995) methodology in analysing the causal relationship thus addressing the potential biases and asymptotic unreliability relating the traditional Granger causality technique. The report shows that FDI Granger-causes growth in primary, secondary, tertiary sectors and at an aggregate level. In addition, growth was found to Granger-cause FDI at tertiary and aggregate level. On the other hand growth does not Granger-cause FDI at primary and secondary sector level. The only bi-directional relationship that could be observed was at the tertiary and aggregate sector level, whereas at primary and secondary sector level, the relationship was found to be unidirectional.
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Mazenda, Adrino. "The effect of foreign direct investment on economic growth: evidence from South Africa." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1007027.
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Foreign direct investment amongst other mechanisms provides capital inflow meant to stimulate economic growth. Apart from promoting economic growth, FDI can also lead to increase in employment, technology, technical knowhow and managerial skills. South Africa has implemented various policy initiatives in attempts to attract foreign investment. This study investigates on the effect of foreign direct investment on economic growth, with particular reference to the South African economy. The period of study is from 1980 to 2010. The study begins by reviewing literature on economic growth and foreign direct investment. South Africa’s macroeconomic background is examined to determine the trends in FDI inflows and economic growth. An empirical model linking theoretical and empirical literature on the effect of FDI on economic growth is estimated using the Johansen cointegration and VECM framework. Variables specified in the methodology include real gross domestic product (RGDP), foreign direct investment (FDI), domestic investment (INVE), real exchange rate (REXCH) and foreign marketable debt (DEBT). The long run results showed that FDI, REXCH and DEBT have a negative impact on growth. INVE has a positive impact on growth. Short run results indicated that there is no strong pressure on RGDP to restore long-run equilibrium whenever there is a disturbance. The short run lag of FDI was found to exert a positive impact on growth. The impulse response and variance decomposition analysis complemented the long and short-run findings. Shocks on REXCH, and DEBT generated a negative response on RGDP. The shocks were not significantly different from zero and were transitory. Results from the variance decomposition analysis revealed that the fundamentals explain some, but not all, of the variations of RGDP. For the fifth year forecast error variance RGDP explains the largest component of the variation followed by INVE, REXCH, FDI and DEBT. After a period of ten years, the influence of RGDP and INVE declines, whereas REXCH, FDI and DEBT increase. Conclusions and policy recommendations were made using these results.
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Dendere, Getrude Paidamwoyo. "The Impact of Chinese Foreign Direct Investment on employment and economic growth in Sub-Saharan Africa." Master's thesis, Faculty of Commerce, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/32645.
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The recent surge in Chinese Foreign Direct Investments (FDI) in the African continent has brought about much debate and speculation around the potential implications both for the continent as a whole, and for individual African countries. There are mixed sentiments regarding the impact of Chinese FDI in Africa and speculation as to whether the continent has been benefiting more from Chinese investments than it has been losing. Shen (2013) points to two opposing views on China's investment in Africa. On one side China is hailed for bridging the technological and capital gap that has been hampering economic growth in Africa, and for coming to Africa's rescue by being more willing to invest in the continent than the West has been, especially after the financial crisis of 2008. However, the other side sees China as a ruthless investor, intent on plundering the African continent's resources and ultimately taking over its economies (Kolstad & Wiig, 2012). The current research focuses on an area of particular interest and importance for the African continent: specific ways in which Chinese FDI has impacted economic growth and employment in Sub Saharan Africa (SSA). The study employed a panel Autoregressive Distributed Lag model and conducted Granger causality tests on a sample of the top ten SSA recipients of Chinese FDI for the period 2003 to 2017. The results of the analysis revealed that Chinese FDI had a positive effect during this period on both employment and economic growth in Sub-Saharan Africa, with a 1% increase in Chinese FDI resulting in a marginal 0.20% increase in employment, and a 0.17 % increase in economic growth. The findings of the research support the FDI-Led economic growth theory and Robert Solow's neo-classical growth model, which argues that economic growth is achieved through an increase in capital growth, labour force, and technical knowledge (Solow, 1957). Granger causality tests indicated the presence of a bi-directional relationship between Chinese FDI and economic growth. As this was a quantitative study, and significant factors pertaining to Chinese FDI in developing countries in Africa are qualitative in nature, it is recommended that qualitative studies be conducted in order to obtain a more comprehensive picture of the impact of Chinese FDI in African countries.
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Mseka, Chikondi O. "The impact of foreign direct investment on the economic growth and development of sub-Saharan African countries." DigitalCommons@Robert W. Woodruff Library, Atlanta University Center, 1998. http://digitalcommons.auctr.edu/dissertations/3685.
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This study examines the social and economic effects of multinational corporations (MNCs), the main purveyors of foreign direct investment (EDI), on the countries of sub-Saharan Africa. The study is based on the rift in empirical and theoretical findings concerning the actual effects of multinational presence in a developing country. On one hand, those who believe in the efficiency of MNCs in bringing about global development have produced studies and theories to support their view of multinationals as the “great equalizers among nations.” On the other hand, those in disagreement with this view of the multinational have also produced studies and theories, which contend that the MNC has adverse effects on political and economic sovereignty and the fulfillment of basic needs in developing economies. A regression analysis was used to investigate the effects of foreign direct investment (EDI), foreign aid (ODA) and political stability (PS) on the economic growth and economic development of thirty sub-Saharan African countries during two time periods: 1980-1989 and 1990-1995. Foreign aid and political stability were also used in the study due to the fact that both have been known to affect the direction of growth and development. The time periods were chosen to analyze the effects of the end of the Cold War (1989) on sub-Saharan African countries. The researcher found that political stability had the most significant impact on economic growth in period 2 and economic development in both time periods. The conclusions drawn from the findings suggest that the small amount of foreign investment that sub-Saharan Africa receives probably accounts for its insignificant effects on economic growth and development. They also suggest that cormption concerning the misuse of foreign aid probably accounts for the insignificant effects that foreign aid had on economic growth and economic growth and development.
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Sillah, Abdulai. "The effects of post-conflict aid on economic development." Thesis, University of Bath, 2015. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.669036.
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Lavingia, Sakina. "Attracting Foreign Direct Investment in Pakistan: The Role of Governance, National Security and Global Investment Trends." Oberlin College Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=oberlin1462899974.
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Semmanda, Faith. "Factors affecting economic growth in sub-Saharan Africa : A panel data analysis of the factors that affect economic growth and the development of sub-Saharan African countries." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Nationalekonomi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-40466.
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Economic growth rate differs largely between different countries. There are many opinions on which factors really affect the rate of growth in different economies and this causes debates. The factors that affect economic growth include political systems, social settings, economic freedom, human capital and institutional organization. These factors affect not only productivity, but also efficiency. This thesis’ purpose is to investigate and explain the factors that affect economic growth in sub-Saharan Africa. Through use of a fixed effects regression model, a panel data investigation will be conducted, and an analysis will be presented in this thesis. By using secondary data for sub-Saharan African countries from reliable sources, the factors that affect economic growth on an annual basis from year 2006 to 2017 are examined. Growth in gross domestic product per individual (GDP per capita growth) is the dependent variable and represents economic growth. The independent variables which are believed to affect this growth are also given, and these include: population growth, foreign direct investment, level of corruption, democracy, life expectancy at birth, expected years of schooling and economic freedom. The findings estimate that some of the chosen variables, for example population growth and life expectancy at birth significantly affect economic growth and development in these countries. The rest of the independent variables have an impact on economic growth but are not statistically significant according to this study.
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Bakin, Bilge. "The Causal Relationships Among Economic Growth, Foreign Direct Investment And Financial Sector Development In East Asian Countries: An Ardl Approach." Master's thesis, METU, 2011. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12613256/index.pdf.
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The main purpose of the study is to examine the cointegration relationships among economic growth, foreign direct investment and financial sector development in 4 East Asian countries, namely Korea, Malaysia, the Philippines and Thailand between the years 1971-2008 by autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) approach.
In the existing literature, there is no study examining the causal relationships among economic growth, foreign direct investment and financial sector development by applying ARDL methodology for these East Asian countries. The contribution of this study to the literature, the cointegration relationships are constructed to observe the direct linkage among these variables by ARDL approach. If cointegration relationships exist among these variables, then the effect of each regressor on the dependent variable is also investigated. The results of the study indicate that foreign direct investment and financial sector development could be long run forcing variables of economic growth. Additionally, economic growth and financial sector development could be long run forcing variables of foreign direct investment. However, there is not sufficient evidence that economic growth and foreign direct investment together are long run key determinants of financial sector development in a country as obtained in this study.
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Boman, Niclas. "The effect of foreign direct investments on human development in the region of sub-saharan Africa." Thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Institutionen för samhällsvetenskap, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-17348.
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This paper aims to explore the relationship between Foreign Direct Investments and the standard of living in terms of the Human Development Index in the region of Sub-Saharan Africa. The theory of economic growth is based on Solow. For the region of Sub-Saharan Africa, Foreign Direct Investments ought to be of great importance to finance the investments needed to achieve economic growth according to Solow. The reason for this is that the region of Sub-Saharan Africa lacks the ability to finance these investments with its own savings. The focus of the report is the Foreign Direct Investments; although the variable shows no significant correlation to the Human Development Index, there is a significant positive correlation between Foreign Direct Investments and health expenditure as a percentage of total government expenditure, one of the driving forces behind an improved Human Development Index.
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Shuma, Baraka John. "Attracting and regulating foreign direct investments in biofuels production in Tanzania." Thesis, UWC, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/3121.
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Gonçalves, Samuel Filipe. "Impactos e determinantes do investimento directo estrangeiro em Angola." Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/14810.
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Esta dissertação propõe-se a analisar os impactos e os determinantes do investimento directo estrangeiro (IDE) na República de Angola entre os anos 2000 a 2006. O IDE possui uma importância fundamental nos países em via de desenvolvimento (PVDs), em particular; é tido como uma medida eficaz e eficiente na solução dos constrangimentos financeiros e de capacidades enfrentados pelos países dos PVDs, particularmente Angola.
O objectivo desse estudo é investigar e caracterizar o contexto histórico dos investimentos directo estrangeiro em Angola. Em seguida, identificar quais os factores que contribuem para a atração e quais os impactos do mesmo.
Através dos ganhos que advém das transferências de capitais e tecnologias, acesso a mercados internacionais, ganhos em moedas externas, efeitos no emprego, crescimento e aumento da capacidade de poupança interna o IDE impulsiona ainda o processo de desenvolvimento económico, contudo, existem várias escolas de pensamento económico, nomeadamente a visão neoclássica, marxista e estruturalista que possuem posições antagónicas relativamente ao IDE.
O presente trabalho tem a pretensão de servir como base de partida para futuras pesquisas sobre o assunto aqui analisando de forma a produzir novas conclusões para uma perfeita compreensão do fenómeno dos investimentos directos estrangeiros em Angola, portanto, não é nosso objectivo esgotar o assunto do tema proposto.
As principais conclusões da nossa pesquisa prendem-se na relevância do IDE que durante o período em análise (2000-2006) esteve confinado ao processo de reconstrução nacional.
O investimento directo estrangeiro se tem mostrado pouco sensível as medidas tradicionais de incentivos em Angola, por via disso, o pacote de incentivo tem revelando-se ineficaz para aquelas zonas definidas pelo governo angolano daí a sua concentração na capital (Luanda).
E por fim, embora o IDE tenha aumentado significativamente o volume das exportações, o impacto no crescimento e na balança de pagamentos é limitado, face a livre possibilidade de repatriamento dos lucros e alto grau de concentração e especialização, o que limita o escopo de substituição de importações e aumenta a volatilidade dos ganhos de exportações; ABSTRACT: This thesis proposes to analyze the impacts and the determinants of foreign direct investment (FDI) in Angola during the years 2000 to 2006. (FDI) has a fundamental importance in the developing countries (DVC) in particular, is regarded as an effective and efficient in solving the financial constraints and capabilities of DVC faced by countries, particularly Angola.
The aim of this study is to investigate and characterize the historical context of foreign direct investment in Angola. Then identify wich factors contribute to the attraction and the impacts thereof. Through the gains that comes from transfers of capital and TECHNOLOGICAL, access to international markets, gains in external currencies, impact on employment, growth and increase domestic savings capacity FDI drives even the process of economic development, however, hesitate to various schools economic thought, including neoclassical, Marxist and structuralist positions that have ant agonic respect to FDI. This work is still claiming to serve as a source of research for future research on the subject here looking for ways that new findings emerge for a full understanding of the phenomenon of foreign direct investment in Angola, so it is not our aim to exhaust the subject of proposed topic. FDI has proved to be less sensitive traditional measures of incentives in Angola, hence, the stimulus package has proven to be ineffective in those areas defined by the Angolan government and hence their concentration in the capital (Luanda). From 2000 to 2006 FDI is concentrated in the national reconstruction process with key sectors such as the "construction" related to property management which in turn covers only a small fraction of families with financial power in Angola, creating a weak link with society in general and there is no evidence that the IDE is generating domestic investment. Although significantly increased the volume of exports, the impact on growth and balance of payments is limited, given the possibility of free repatriation of profits and high degree of concentration and specialization, which limits the scope for import substitution and increased volatility earnings from exports.
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Stockmann, Ann-Sophia. "The Effects of Chinese FDI and Infrastructure on Economic Growth across the Belt and Road." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Nationalekonomiska institutionen, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-388930.
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China has gone through a phase of rapid economic development in the last four decades. The country is the world’s biggest economy, measured in GDP purchasing power parity terms, and the largest trading nation in terms of the total sum of exports and imports of merchandise trade. With the launch of the century’s largest infrastructure project – the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) – by Xi Jinping in 2013, China is planning to revive the Ancient Silk Roads in order to gain geopolitical power beyond Asia. Thus far, huge flows of FDI have already made their way from China to countries along the Belt and Road, especially the ones in need of additional infrastructure provision. In this paper, the effect of Chinese outward FDI on economic growth in the BRI economies through infrastructure development is examined, thereby conducting a cross-country analysis with panel data for 34 and 27 countries, respectively, over the period 2005–2017. The direct effect of Chinese FDI on economic growth in BRI countries is ambiguous, supporting previous literature on FDI and economic growth. When adding infrastructure indicators to the regressions and accounting for the endogeneity problem, the effect of Chinese FDI on economic growth changes but remains insignificant, nevertheless. This is most likely due to the reduced sample sizes, on the one hand, and the fact that Chinese construction contracts play a bigger role than actual FDI in the BRI.
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Hernández-Rodríguez, Víctor Manuel. "Why not Mexico? Policy Recommendations for a Globally-Oriented Economic Strategy." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2018. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1968.
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Mexico, one of the world’s largest economies and an increasingly relevant actor in international affairs, is at a crucial point in defining its future policy course. Given the uncertainty surrounding the global economy, as well as the political situation in Mexico, it is important to have a clear vision for policy going forward. This thesis offers a foundation for a national economic strategy with a long-term vision, upon which future administrations can build as appropriate to maximize on the country’s economic potential. The task is undertaken through a three-part approach. First, a thorough and analytical overview of the country’s economic history provides context and lessons from which to learn. Second, key economic issues to be addressed are identified through an evaluation of the current context and economic outlook. Finally, an evaluation of successful policy implementation, domestically and abroad, provides a basis that can be adapted to address the issues identified as they affect Mexico. The result is a series of six policy recommendations along two axes aimed at tackling the aforementioned key issues. These recommendations are by no means exhaustive, nor are they meant to be. The expectation is that they may serve to align national policy to global economic trends, underlying a plausible strategy to realize Mexico’s productive potential.
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Maziwisa, Michelle Rufaro. "An examination of the legal framework governing opportunities and barriers to economic development in Southern Africa: a case study of Zimbabwe." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/6184.
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Doctor Legum - LLD<br>This thesis examines the legal framework of Zimbabwe to determine if the laws and policies which
are in place create opportunities for, or barriers to, economic development. Specifically, it
examines the legal framework governing trade, investment and financial services. The thesis
focuses on Zimbabwe as a case study and draws lessons from South Africa. It proceeds from the
premise that despite the numerous attempts made at international, regional and domestic levels to
increase economic development (such as through liberalisation of markets and access to
international development finance), Zimbabwe has failed to attain 'developed country' status. The
purpose of the thesis is to examine the causes of poor economic performance in Zimbabwe postindependence
(post-1980).
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Rizvi, Syed Muhammad All-E.-Raza. "Three essays on conflict and economic performance in fragile countries." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Clermont Auvergne (2021-...), 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022UCFAD013.
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Le premier chapitre fournit les faits et chiffres qui soulignent l'importance d'étudier le lien entre conflit et performance économique. Il propose un examen théorique et empirique afin d'identifier les facteurs qui peuvent contribuer à atténuer les conflits dans les pays fragiles. Nous suivons ce contexte théorique et empirique pour les deux chapitres suivants afin d'identifier les facteurs affectant les conflits dans les pays fragiles. Le deuxième chapitre utilise l'approche de cointégration Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) Bound Testing pour étudier la relation à long terme entre le conflit interne, la croissance économique et le développement humain au Pakistan de 1978 à 2016. Nous montrons que l'éducation pourrait contribuer à réduire le conflit dans le pays en offrant de meilleures opportunités et en réduisant la radicalisation. Nous montrons également une contribution positive de l'ordre public à la réduction des conflits, ce qui justifierait la politique anti-terroriste menée. Néanmoins, il ne semble pas que les réformes économiques et la croissance des revenus contribuent à réduire les conflits internes au Pakistan. Ce résultat pourrait illustrer une situation où les réformes économiques et la mondialisation seraient perçues comme une menace, et où la croissance économique contribuerait à financer les troubles politiques et sociaux. Le troisième chapitre utilise des régressions de Poisson à effet fixe (FEPR) avec des erreurs standard robustes et des variables instrumentales (IV) pour étudier les déterminants économiques, sociaux et institutionnels des conflits internes dans 58 pays en développement fragiles entre 2004 et 2017. Nos résultats indiquent que les pays ayant un système judiciaire efficace et un revenu plus élevé ont moins d'incidents violents. Le renforcement des institutions, en particulier du système judiciaire, pourrait être un moyen de réduire les conflits. Nos résultats concernant le revenu comme variable explicative montrent qu'un faible revenu est positivement associé à la violence. Cela montre que l'amélioration du niveau de vie général semble être une variable politique que les gouvernements pourraient utiliser pour réduire la violence. En revanche, la réforme du commerce ne semble pas atténuer la violence dans ces pays. L'éducation et les institutions démocratiques pourraient également alimenter les conflits dans certains cas. Ces résultats impliquent que l'éducation et la libéralisation du commerce n'ont pas les effets attendus dans les pays fragiles, qui devraient d'abord améliorer leur situation sociale, économique et institutionnelle avant de bénéficier de la réforme économique et de l'éducation. Pour le quatrième chapitre, nous utilisons la méthode généralisée des moments (GMM) avec des erreurs standard robustes pour étudier le rôle des conflits, de l'incertitude macroéconomique et des institutions sur les IDE nets vers l'intérieur des pays en développement. Pour étudier l'impact des institutions et de la gouvernance sur la performance économique, nous avons utilisé quatre variables de gouvernance de la base de données ICRG et cinq de World Governance Indicators (WGI). Nous montrons que la bonne gouvernance globale a un impact positif significatif sur les IDE, ce qui signifie que les IDE augmentent lorsqu'un pays améliore la qualité de ses institutions. Pour l'impact individuel des variables de gouvernance, la valeur du coefficient de contrôle de la corruption et de l'ordre public était plus élevée, ce qui montre que les pays en développement devraient prendre des mesures pour réduire la corruption et améliorer l'ordre public afin d'attirer les IDE. Nos résultats révèlent un impact négatif significatif des conflits internes sur les IDE. Dans le cas des REERV, nos résultats soutiennent l'argument de la flexibilité de la production. Les entreprises préfèrent investir dans un pays en remplacement des exportations lorsqu'elles sont confrontées à l'incertitude du taux de change<br>The thesis consists of four chapters and a general conclusion. The first chapter provides the facts and figures to highlight the importance of studying the nexus between conflict and economic performance. It also offers a comprehensive theoretical and empirical review to identify the factors that can help mitigate conflict in fragile countries. We follow this theoretical and empirical background for the next two chapters to identify the factors affecting conflict in fragile countries. The second chapter uses the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) Bound Testing cointegration approach to study the long-term relationship between internal conflict, economic growth, and human development in Pakistan from 1978-to 2016. We show that education could help reduce conflict in the country by providing better opportunities and reducing radicalization. We also show a positive contribution of public order to the reduction of conflicts, which would justify the anti-terrorist policy pursued by the country. Nevertheless, it does not seem that economic reforms and income growth help to reduce internal conflicts in Pakistan. This result could illustrate a situation where economic reforms and globalization, in particular, would be perceived as a threat, and economic growth would help finance political and social unrest. Political rights and civil liberties do not seem to reduce conflict either, and periods of democratization have more often seen a resurgence of violence. The third chapter uses fixed-effect Poisson regressions (FEPR) with robust standard errors and instrumental variables (IV) to study the economic, social, and institutional determinants of internal conflicts in 58 fragile developing countries from 2004 to 2017. Our findings state that countries with efficient judiciary and higher income have fewer violent incidents. These findings suggest that strengthening institutions, particularly the justice system, could be an effective way to reduce conflict in fragile developing countries. Our findings for income as an explanatory variable show that low income is positively associated with violence. It shows that improving general living standard appears to be a policy variable that governments could use to reduce violence in fragile developing countries. In contrast, trade reform does not seem to mitigate violence in these countries. Education and democratic institutions could also fuel conflict in some cases. These results imply that education and trade liberalization do not have the expected effects in fragile countries, which should first improve their social, economic, and institutional situation before benefiting from economic reform and education. For fourth chapter we use the Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) with robust standard errors to study the role of conflict, macroeconomic uncertainty, and institutions on net FDI inwards in developing countries. To investigate the impact of institutions and governance on economic performance, we used 4 governance variables from ICRG database and five from World Governance Indicators (WGI). We show that overall good governance have a significant positive impact on FDI, which means that FDI increases when a country improves the quality of its institutions. For the individual impact of governance variables, the coefficient value of control of corruption and law and order was higher, which shows that developing countries should take measures to reduce corruption and enhance law and order to attract FDI. Our findings reveal a significant negative impact of internal conflict on FDI. In the case of REERV, our findings support the production flexibility argument. Our results show that firms prefer investing in a country as a substitution for exports when facing exchange rate uncertainty
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Trojette, Inès. "Croissance, effet et attractivité des investissements directs étrangers : le rôle des institutions." Thesis, Toulon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOUL2004/document.
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La présente thèse a pour objectif d'analyser le rôle des institutions sur la croissance économique, et notamment sur l'attractivité et l'effet des investissements directs étrangers (IDE). Pour cela, nous avons utilisé douze indicateurs de mesure de la qualité des institutions et testé leurs effets en retenant un échantillon important de pays développés, en voie de développement et en transition. Notre démarche se décline en trois chapitres. Le chapitre 1 est consacré à l'évaluation de l'effet direct des institutions sur la croissance économique en fonction du niveau de développement des pays étudiés. Les résultats montrent que la qualité des institutions a un effet plus important sur la croissance dans les pays à revenu intermédiaire, en particulier la stabilité politique et la lutte contre la corruption. Pour les pays à revenu élevé le facteur le plus déterminant est le respect des lois et des contrats. Le chapitre 2 analyse l'effet indirect des institutions sur la croissance à travers les IDE. Les résultats mettent en évidence l'existence des seuils institutionnels qui conditionnent l'effet des IDE sur la croissance selon la situation géographique et le niveau de développement des pays. Il ressort notamment que la lutte contre la corruption et l'amélioration de la démocratie sont les canaux travers lesquels les IDE favorisent la croissance dans les pays d'Afrique du Nord et du Moyen-Orient et d'Asie, la stabilité d gouvernement et le respect des contrats étant les plus importants dans les pays d'Europe et d'Amérique. Le chapitre 3 s'intéresse à l'effet de l'ouverture financière et du développement financier sur l'attractivité des IDE en mettant e évidence le rôle des institutions. Les résultats montrent que pour les pays qui ont libéralisé leur compte de capital, l'entrée d'IDE est plus importante lorsqu'ils disposent d'une bonne qualité institutionnelle. De la même manière, l'attractivité des IDE est favorisée par 1 passif liquide des banques et les crédits au secteur privé, mais il est moindre pour les pays dotés d'importantes ressources naturelle: Les résultats soulignent l'existence d'un seuil institutionnel à partir duquel le poids de la capitalisation boursière et des litres échangé en bourse favorisent l'attractivité des IDE. La confrontation des résultats des chapitres 2 et 3 permet d'avancer que le seuil institutionnel à travers lequel le développement financier améliore l'attractivité des IDE est plus élevé que le seuil à travers lequel les IDE impactent la croissance. Dans les pays e développement en particulier, la qualité des institutions constitue une contrainte plus sévère en termes d'attractivité qu'en termes d'effet des IDE sur la croissance<br>This thesis aims to investigate the role of institutions on economic growth, specifically through the attractiveness and the impact of Foreign Direct lnvestment. For this, we use twelve measures of the institutional quality and we test their effects using a set of developed, developing and transition countries. Our approach is divided into three parts. Chapter 1 analyzes the direct effect of institutions on economic growth by level of development of countries. Results show that the quality of institutions has a greater effect on growth in middle-income countries, particularly the effects of political stability and fightinç against corruption. For high-income countries, the most important factors are respect of laws and contracts. Chapter 2 examines the indirect effect of institutions on growth through FDI. Results highlight the existence of institutional thresholds that condition the effect of FDI on economic growth by countries and by level of incarne. It appears that fighting against corruption an improving democracy are the mechanisms through which FDI promotes growth in the MENA and the Asia group, and through the respect of contracts and government stability in the Europe and the America group. Chapter 3 assesses the effect of financial openness and financial development on the attractiveness of FDI by highlighting the role o institutions. Results indicate that countries that have opened their capital account have received more FDI inflows and the effect is higher in countries with good institutional quality. Similarly, FDI attractiveness is enhanced by liquid liabilities and credit to the private sector but is lower in natural resouce endowed countries. The results highlight that countries are able to attract FDI through stock market capitalization and traded only above an institutional threshold. We highlight in this thesis that the institutional level through which financial development impact the attractiveness of FDI is higher than the institutional level through which FDI contributes to growth. ln the developing group, the quality of institutions is an important constraint in term of attractiveness than in terms of the effect of FDI on GDP growth
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Trojette, Inès. "Croissance, effet et attractivité des investissements directs étrangers : le rôle des institutions." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOUL2004.
Full textAbstract:
La présente thèse a pour objectif d'analyser le rôle des institutions sur la croissance économique, et notamment sur l'attractivité et l'effet des investissements directs étrangers (IDE). Pour cela, nous avons utilisé douze indicateurs de mesure de la qualité des institutions et testé leurs effets en retenant un échantillon important de pays développés, en voie de développement et en transition. Notre démarche se décline en trois chapitres. Le chapitre 1 est consacré à l'évaluation de l'effet direct des institutions sur la croissance économique en fonction du niveau de développement des pays étudiés. Les résultats montrent que la qualité des institutions a un effet plus important sur la croissance dans les pays à revenu intermédiaire, en particulier la stabilité politique et la lutte contre la corruption. Pour les pays à revenu élevé le facteur le plus déterminant est le respect des lois et des contrats. Le chapitre 2 analyse l'effet indirect des institutions sur la croissance à travers les IDE. Les résultats mettent en évidence l'existence des seuils institutionnels qui conditionnent l'effet des IDE sur la croissance selon la situation géographique et le niveau de développement des pays. Il ressort notamment que la lutte contre la corruption et l'amélioration de la démocratie sont les canaux travers lesquels les IDE favorisent la croissance dans les pays d'Afrique du Nord et du Moyen-Orient et d'Asie, la stabilité d gouvernement et le respect des contrats étant les plus importants dans les pays d'Europe et d'Amérique. Le chapitre 3 s'intéresse à l'effet de l'ouverture financière et du développement financier sur l'attractivité des IDE en mettant e évidence le rôle des institutions. Les résultats montrent que pour les pays qui ont libéralisé leur compte de capital, l'entrée d'IDE est plus importante lorsqu'ils disposent d'une bonne qualité institutionnelle. De la même manière, l'attractivité des IDE est favorisée par 1 passif liquide des banques et les crédits au secteur privé, mais il est moindre pour les pays dotés d'importantes ressources naturelle: Les résultats soulignent l'existence d'un seuil institutionnel à partir duquel le poids de la capitalisation boursière et des litres échangé en bourse favorisent l'attractivité des IDE. La confrontation des résultats des chapitres 2 et 3 permet d'avancer que le seuil institutionnel à travers lequel le développement financier améliore l'attractivité des IDE est plus élevé que le seuil à travers lequel les IDE impactent la croissance. Dans les pays e développement en particulier, la qualité des institutions constitue une contrainte plus sévère en termes d'attractivité qu'en termes d'effet des IDE sur la croissance<br>This thesis aims to investigate the role of institutions on economic growth, specifically through the attractiveness and the impact of Foreign Direct lnvestment. For this, we use twelve measures of the institutional quality and we test their effects using a set of developed, developing and transition countries. Our approach is divided into three parts. Chapter 1 analyzes the direct effect of institutions on economic growth by level of development of countries. Results show that the quality of institutions has a greater effect on growth in middle-income countries, particularly the effects of political stability and fightinç against corruption. For high-income countries, the most important factors are respect of laws and contracts. Chapter 2 examines the indirect effect of institutions on growth through FDI. Results highlight the existence of institutional thresholds that condition the effect of FDI on economic growth by countries and by level of incarne. It appears that fighting against corruption an improving democracy are the mechanisms through which FDI promotes growth in the MENA and the Asia group, and through the respect of contracts and government stability in the Europe and the America group. Chapter 3 assesses the effect of financial openness and financial development on the attractiveness of FDI by highlighting the role o institutions. Results indicate that countries that have opened their capital account have received more FDI inflows and the effect is higher in countries with good institutional quality. Similarly, FDI attractiveness is enhanced by liquid liabilities and credit to the private sector but is lower in natural resouce endowed countries. The results highlight that countries are able to attract FDI through stock market capitalization and traded only above an institutional threshold. We highlight in this thesis that the institutional level through which financial development impact the attractiveness of FDI is higher than the institutional level through which FDI contributes to growth. ln the developing group, the quality of institutions is an important constraint in term of attractiveness than in terms of the effect of FDI on GDP growth
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"Foreign direct investment and economic growth theory and evidence." 1998. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5889538.
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by Lau Chi Kong.<br>Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1998.<br>Includes bibliographical references (leaves 47-48).<br>Abstract also in Chinese.<br>Chapter ONE --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1<br>Chapter TWO --- LITERATURE REVIEW --- p.5<br>Chapter THREE --- FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT AND ECONOMIC GROWTH IN CHINA --- p.8<br>Chapter FOUR --- MODEL 1 SUBSTITUTABILITY --- p.13<br>Chapter FIVE --- CONCLUSION --- p.39<br>APPENDIX --- p.44
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Pamba, Dumisani. "An investment of the indirect linkages between foreign direct investment and economic growth." Diss., 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/27304.
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This study examines the indirect linkages between foreign direct investment (FDI) and economic growth in South Africa utilising 36 years’ (1980-2016) time series data obtained from the South African Reserve Bank (SARB). South Africa’s economy has been experiencing unsteadiness in recent years. Despite the government’s execution of different strategic initiatives to draw in FDI into South Africa, the country’s FDI remains lower than that of other emerging economies. Domestic investment by government, public corporations and the private sector is also relatively unsteady. Slow economic growth has put tremendous weight on the government to borrow externally for developmental purposes.
This study tests two models – model I and model II. In model I, real GDP per capita (RGDP) is the dependent variable and foreign direct investment (FDI), domestic investment (DI), real exchange rate (EXR) and foreign debt (FD) are modelled as explanatory variables while in model II, FDI is the dependent variable and RGDP, DI, EXR and FD are modelled as explanatory variables. Domestic investment is sub-divided into credit to the domestic private sector (CPS), public investment (PI) by public corporations and government investment expenditure (GOVIN). The analysis of the relationship was carried out using econometric methods such as the Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) and Phillips Perron (PP) unit root tests to identify the order of integration of the variables. The bounds cointegration test was applied to establish the long-term association among variables. The Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model was utilised to test the long-run and short-run equilibrium conditions. Diagnostic tests were employed to check the model adequacy and the Granger causality tests were utilised to establish the causal relationships among variables.
The discoveries from the ADF and PP tests uncovered that all the variables are non-stationary at level but became stationary at first differences. The bounds tests suggest that there is a long-run relationship and cointegration between variables. Following the presence of cointegration, the outcomes from ARDL model uncovered that FDI, CPS and GOVIN have a positive relationship with RGDP in the long run (crowding-in effect), while, a negative relationship occurs between PI, FD, EXR and RGDP in the long run (crowding-out effect) in model I. In model II, the outcomes revealed that RGDP, CPS, and PI have a positive relationship with FDI in the long run (crowding-in effect). Then again, the outcomes presented a negative connection between GOVIN, FD and
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© Pamba, D, University of South Africa 2020
EXR to FDI in the long run (crowding-out effect). The short-run estimate of the coefficient of the error correction term (ECM) in model I and model II are statistically significant and negative. The negative indication of the error correction term shows a backward movement towards long-run equilibrium from short-run disequilibrium. In model I, the short-run coefficient results uncovered that FDI, lagged PI and lagged EXR are positively linked with RGDP (crowding-in effect). Then again, lagged CPS and lagged GOVIN are inversely related to RGDP (crowding-out effect). In model II, the short-run coefficient of FDI is certainly related to GOVIN (crowding-in effect). FDI, on the other hand, indicated a negative relationship with PI in the short run (crowding-out effect). The Granger causality tests for the variables uncovered a unidirectional causal connection running from RGDP to FDI and from FDI to RGDP in both models. The outcomes obtained for RGDP and FDI models pass all the diagnostic tests on serial correlation, normality and heteroscedasticity. The test for adequacy performed on the residuals demonstrates that they are homoscedastic and have no serial correlation, signifying that the model is acceptable. The Cumulative Sum (CUSUM) tests show that the extracted models are structurally steady and remain within the 5 percent level of critical bounds.<br>Economics<br>M. Com. (Economics)
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WilliamJoly and 邱威廉. "Foreign Direct Investment and Financial Development in Taiwan: Analysis on the Economic Growth." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/07508518866663700931.
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碩士<br>國立成功大學<br>國際經營管理研究所碩士班<br>100<br>The relationships between Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), FinancialDevelopment (FD) and Gross Domestic Product (GDP) are complex and requiresophisticated tools to determine their interactions. In a first step, this study will address this problematic with a focus on financial data available in Taiwan. Then, it will investigate the direct relationship between FDI and GDP and between FD and GDP to finally examine whether the association of FDI and FD could enhance specifically GDP. Using the Vector Auto Regression model, tests have been performed on five specific variables from 1981 to 2010 on a monthly basis to get a global picture of the elements that could favor the development of these operations.
The results of this paper are partially different from the general trends observed between FDI, FD and GDP. Indeed, they emphasize more specific approaches for Taiwan. First, the unidirectional causality is coming from GDP to FDI and tends to decrease its attractiveness due to high GDP value. Then, only bank-based variables appear to be presently more effective to stimulate GDP while market-based factors may stabilize the benefits of FDI. These findings seem consistent with the outcomes from other financial literature papers and contribute to better understand the FDI ＆ FD mechanisms from a financial perspective in Taiwan.
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Makwembere, Simba. "The impact of sector Foreign Direct Investment on economic growth in developing countries." Diss., 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/43985.
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One of the key priorities of developing countries governments and policymakers is to improve national welfare and address poverty alleviation. Foreign Direct Investments (FDI) are regarded as important external sources of financing economic growth around the world and are a more stable and beneficial capital injection substitute to financial aid in developing countries (Adam, 2009; Özkan-Günay, 2011). More recently, there has been a surge in foreign investments into developing countries as investors seek to diversify their investments in order to receive better returns which have become difficult to attain in the developed countries due to market saturation and the effects of the 2008 global financial crisis. The challenge that developing governments are faced with is how to ensure that the FDI inflows into their countries result in accelerated economic growth. Contemporary literature suggests that one of the reasons why FDI has produced contradictory results in various countries and economies is that FDI in various economic sectors impacts economic growth differently (Madem, Cudla & Rao, 2012).
The main objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of sectorial FDI on economic growth in developing countries. Panel data estimation techniques were employed to estimate the impact of various economic sectors on economic growth as measured by Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Further, an analysis was performed to estimate whether there is a better form of FDI which is preferable to enhance FDI driven economic growth. The sample data used for this study was for South Africa as convenience sampling technique was employed.
The study established that there is statistically significant evidence that sectorial FDI has variable impact on economic growth and as such priority should be directed to investments in economic sectors with the greatest impact on economic development. Further, it was established that greenfield as a form of foreign investment does not have statistically significant impact on economic sectors’ ability to impact economic growth. As such there is no preferred form of FDI to enhance economic growth as measured by GDP.<br>Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2014.<br>lmgibs2015<br>Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS)<br>MBA<br>Unrestricted
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Hill, Samuel Christopher. "Growth effects of foreign direct investment : the role of host country factors." Phd thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/147099.
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MAINA, FREDRICK TEIMANA, and 麥斐德. "The Effect of Financial Market Development on Foreign Direct Investment and Economic Growth Relationship." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/45aqvx.
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碩士<br>國立臺北大學<br>財務金融英語碩士 學位學程(GMBA)<br>107<br>Previous literature has recognized the important role financial market development plays in the relationship between foreign direct investment and economic growth. In this study, we use the non-linear effect to examine whether three selected financial market development proxies namely liquid liabilities, deposit money bank asset to GDP and private credit would have a significant effect on FDI and economic growth relationship. Our findings suggest that all the proxies selected have a negative effect on economic growth when interacted with FDI. However, the results also indicate that the level of financial market development may only be beneficial up to a certain threshold. Moreover, the paper finds that liquid liabilities have a positive effect on economic growth when interacted with FDI in upper-middle income countries.
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Zuo, Zhi. "Foreign direct investment in China: locational choices and backward linkages." 2007. http://arrow.unisa.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/unisa:37688.
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This thesis investigates the factors that influence the locational choices of foreign firms investing in China and the factors that influence the level of intermediate goods produced by domestic suppliers in China. It finds that some characteristics of the domestic economy are associated with both, and that foreign enterprises? activities are particularly important in determining the output of domestic suppliers.<br>PhD Doctorate
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Mugowo, Onias. "Foreign direct investment and economic growth in SADC countries: A panel data analysis." Diss., 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11602/961.
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MCOM<br>Department of Economics<br>The study aimed to empirically examine the impact of foreign direct investment on economic
growth in the Southern African Development Community countries for the period 1980-2015.
The relation between foreign direct investment and economic growth has been a subject of
extensive discussion in the economic literature. The debate revolves around the growth
implications of foreign direct investment. The extraordinary increase in global FDI flows in the
last three decades triggered an interest to investigate the growth implications of such huge
amounts of cross-border capital movements. Owing to this surge in foreign direct investment
flows and the effort countries are putting forth to attract it, it would seem straightforward to
argue that foreign direct investment would convey net positive effects on economic growth of
a host country. From a theoretical standpoint foreign direct investment has been shown to
boost economic growth through technology transfer and diffusion. In light of the expected
benefits of foreign direct investment, many empirical studies have been conducted on this
subject matter. While the explosion of foreign direct investment flows is distinctive, the
evidence accumulated on the growth effects remains mixed. Using fixed effect panel data
analysis, on the overall, the findings of the study show a negative effect of FDI on economic
growth in the SADC countries for the period 1980 to 2015. The findings are not in tandem with
theoretical predictions from growth theorists and some empirical studies carried out on the
same topic. The findings of the study imply that FDI does not seem to have an independent
effect on economic growth for the panel of countries in the SADC region. This maybe because
FDI flows to Africa and into the SADC countries, in particular, are channelled mainly to the
extractive sector with little to no linkages with the other sectors of the host country economy.
The findings of the study also show that the growth-enhancing potential of FDI is higher in
middle-income countries than low-income countries in the SADC region.
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Nchoe, Kgomotso Charlotte. "Effect of foreign direct investment inflows on economic growth : sectoral analysis of South Africa." Diss., 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/21691.
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A number of developing countries have been on a quest to attract foreign direct investment (FDI) with the intention of increasing capital inflow through technological spillovers and transfer of managerial skills. FDI can increase economic growth and development of a country by creating employment, and by doing so, increasing economic activity that will lead to economic growth. South Africa is one of the economies that strive to attract more FDI inflows into the country to be able to improve its economy, and the country has adopted policies that drive the motive to attract FDI inflows. This study investigated the effect of FDI on sectoral growth over the period 1970–2014. The purpose was to find out where in the three key sectors of South Africa FDI is more significant.
The review of theoretical and empirical literature on FDI revealed that FDI has a diverse effect on economic growth, both in developed and developing countries. Theoretical literature analysed the behaviour of multinational firms and the motive behind multinationals investing in foreign countries. According to Dunning (1993), firms have four motives to decide to produce abroad, namely natural resource-seeking, market-seeking, efficiency-seeking and strategic asset-seeking. Empirical studies on sectors show that FDI inflows affect different sectors in different ways, and that the agricultural sector does not usually gain from FDI inflows, whereas subsectors in the industry and services sector grow from receiving FDI inflows. Sectoral analysis revealed that the services sector receives more FDI inflows, when compared to the agriculture and industry sector.
The study followed an econometric analysis technique to test the effect of FDI inflows on the agriculture, industry and services sectors. The augmented Dickey–Fuller and Phillips–Perron tests were used to test for unit root. Both tests revealed that variables were not stationary at level, but that they become stationary at first difference. Vector autoregressive (VAR) models were estimated, and four types of diagnostic tests were performed on them to check the fitness of the models. The tests showed that residuals of the estimated VARs were robust and well behaved. The Johansen cointegration test suggested there is cointegration and that there is a long-run relationship between variables. Following the existence of cointegration, the estimated Vector error correction model (VECM) results showed that FDI has a significant effect on the services and industry sector, but has a negative effect on the agricultural sector. Impulse response analysis results revealed the correct signs, and confirmed the VECM results. FDI inflows explain a small percentage of growth in agriculture and industry, but a sizable and significant percentage in the services sector.<br>Economics<br>M. Com. (Economics)
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Mahembe, Edmore. "Foreign direct investment inflows and economic growth in SADC countries : a panel data approach." Diss., 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/14232.
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This dissertation examines the causal relationship between inward foreign direct investment (FDI)
and economic growth (GDP) in SADC countries. The study investigates, within a panel data
context, whether causation is short-term, long-term or both; and explores whether the causal
relationship between the two variables differs according to income level. The study covered a
panel of 15 SADC countries over the period 1980-2012. In order to assess whether the causal
relationship between FDI inflows and economic growth is dependent on the level of income, the
study divided the SADC countries into two groups, namely, the low-income and the middleincome
countries. The study used the recently developed panel data analysis methods to examine
this causal relationship. It adopted a three stage approach, which consists of panel unit root, panel
cointegration and Granger causality to examine the dynamic causal relationship between the two
variables. Panel unit root results show that both variables in the two SADC country groups were
integrated of order one. Panel cointegration tests showed that the variables for low-income
country group were not cointegrated, while the variables for the middle-income countries were
cointegrated. Since the low-income country group panels were not cointegrated, Grangercausality tests were conducted within a VAR framework, while causality tests for the middleincome
country group were conducted within an ECM framework. Panel Granger causality results
for the low-income countries showed no evidence of causality in either direction. However, for
the middle-income countries’ panel, there was evidence of a unidirectional causal flow from GDP
to FDI in both the long- and short- run. The study concludes that the FDI-led growth hypothesis
does not apply to SADC countries. The results imply that the recent high economic growth rates
recorded in the SADC region, especially middle-income countries, have been attracting FDI. In
other words, it is economic growth that drives FDI inflows into the SADC region, and not vice
versa. These findings have profound policy implications for the SADC region at large and
individual countries.<br>Economics<br>MCOM (Economics)
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"The linkage between foreign direct investment and economic growth : a comparative case study of Kenya and South Africa." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/7181.
Full textAbstract:
M.A.<br>All countries compete to attract a larger share of FDI inflows. Developing countries, especially in Africa, receive a relatively small share of FDI inflow. Furthermore, the FDI inflows that Africa receives are concentrated in a small number of countries. While FDI is regarded as the engine for growth, some studies have even shown a weak and unstable relationship between FDI and growth in Africa, with wide variations between African countries. Against this backdrop, this study aims to determine why developing countries benefit differently from FDI. To achieve this aim, a comparative case study between South Africa and Kenya was conducted. This study focused on the institutions responsible for providing linkage support to both new and existing foreign direct investors in South Africa and Kenya. It argues that institutions assist countries to adopt and absorb technologies introduced in domestic economies by foreign investors. In this light, the research attempted to compare the best practice to actual practice of the institutions in South Africa and Kenya. At the end of the research process, it was discovered that even though South African institutions have challenges, they perform better than their Kenyan counterparts because they are well-funded and receive strong support from the South African government.
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Rungqu, Mandisi. "The relationship between infrastructural development and foreign direct investment inflows and economic growth in developing countries." Diss., 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/44116.
Full textAbstract:
The last decade has seen a tremendous shift in global FDI inflows from developed to developing economies which has greatly benefited these countries to gain access to much needed capital to supplement their typical low domestic savings. The major focus of existing research conducted has been on developed countries and limited empirical work has acknowledged the role of infrastructure development in attracting FDI. Major aim of this is to assess the relationship between ICT, power and transport infrastructure and FDI inflows. Furthermore, the relationship between FDI and economic growth is also explored.
Panel data analysis using the random effects model was utilised to analyse the abovementioned relationship on a panel of 27 developing economies between 2000- 2013. The developing countries were categorised into different categories based on income levels and mixed results were found across these levels. Unidirectional testing was performed in assessing these relationships. The direction was from infrastructure development to FDI and the latter to economic growth. When combining the developing countries together, the results show a significant and positive relationship between ICT, power and transport infrastructure and FDI inflows. FDI was also found to have a positive and significant relationship with economic growth.<br>Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2014.<br>zkgibs2015<br>Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS)<br>MBA<br>Unrestricted
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Kokesi, Kgomotso. "An assessment of multinational corporations in the economic development of third world countries / Kgomotso Kokesi." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/15599.
Full textAbstract:
This study focuses on Multinational Corporations (MNCs) and their importance in the
economic development of Third World Countries. Recogni sing that. MNCs can contribute to
economic growth and development, most Third World Countries are constantly working to
attract them. hence their demand has become highly competiti ve. However, MNCs do not go
without some negative effects. such as conflicts between host and investor countries. and the
creation of damaging competition to local firms. These negative effects could be minimised if
policies and strategies for the promotion and attraction of MNCs are part of. and integrated
into. general economic development and economic reform policies and not seen in isolation.
Although Third World Countries have implemented strategies to attract more MNCs. a
refinement of some of these policies is needed if a country is to be successful in this regard.<br>Thesis (M.A (International Relations) North-West University, Mafikeng Campus, 2014
37
Shilyaeva, Natalia. "Growth-Enhancing Mechanism in Transition Countries: Cooperative Effect of Foreign Direct Investment and Financial Development." Master's thesis, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-281630.
Full textAbstract:
Current research examines the interdependence between foreign direct investment (FDI), financial development and economic growth. The relationship between the variables in question is studied with reference to transition economies (28 former centrally planned economies). The period of observation covers the transition from centrally planned to market economies 1989-2007. The relationship is analysed using panel data regression models, factor analysis and cointegration tests. The paper suggests that FDI and financial development exert a complementary effect on economic growth, although the latter appears to be insignificant. At the same time, the research provides evidence that FDI is likely to compensate the underdevelopment of financial sector. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Lombard, John R. "Foreign direct investment in producer services the role and impact upon the economic growth and development of Singapore /." 1990. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/33050932.html.
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Kapasa, Mukupa. "Mining windfall taxes in Zambia: utilisation and impact on foreign direct investment." Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/3230.
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Asafo-Adjei, Augustina. "Foreign direct investment and its importance to the economy of South Africa." Diss., 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/1332.
Full textAbstract:
This study focuses on foreign direct investment ("FDI") and its importance to the economy of South Africa. Recognising that FDI, notwithstanding the type, can contribute to economic growth and development, most countries including South Africa are constantly working to attract it, and hence its demand has become highly competitive. However, FDI does not go without some negative effects, such as conflicts between host and investor country, and the creation of damaging competition to local firms. These negative effects could be minimised if policies and strategies for the promotion and attraction of FDI is part of, and integrated into, general economic development and economic reform policies, and not seen in isolation. Although South Africa has implemented strategies to attract more FDI, a refinement of some of these policies is needed if the country is to be successful in this regard.<br>Economics<br>M. Comm. (Economics)
41
Komape, Refilwe Tryphina Maduane. "The impact of foreign direct investment on financial sector development: a case of the Mena Region." Diss., 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/26788.
Full textAbstract:
Summaries in English, Afrikaans and Zulu<br>Various studies on international capital flows have established the deterministic role of local
financial markets on the attractiveness of countries to inflow of foreign direct investment.
The current study investigated the impact of FDI inflows on the financial sector development
of countries in the Middle East and North Africa region for the period 2003 to 2016. Various
panel data analysis methods were employed. These approaches included fixed effects,
random effects, pooled OLS, FMOLS and the dynamic GMM. In addition, pre-estimation
tests, diagnostic tests which included panel unit root and co-integration tests and
robustness tests were conducted. Using both financial development proxies, broad money
as a ratio of GDP (model 1) and domestic credit to the private sector (model 2), the study
found that the lag in financial development had a significant positive effect on financial
development. In model 1 under fixed effects, random effects and pooled OLS, FDI had a
significant negative effect on financial development. In contrast, model 2 showed a
significant positive relationship running from FDI to financial development under the pooled
OLS method. The interaction between FDI and economic growth was found to have a
significant negative influence on financial development in models 1 and 2 under the pooled
OLS method. This finding indicates that economic growth had a deleterious effect on the
impact of FDI on financial development in the MENA region. In the light of these results,
policy makers in the MENA region countries should be urged to avoid undue reliance on
FDI in their efforts to develop their financial sectors. Furthermore, the MENA region nations
are urged to avoid implementing economic growth enhancement policies as a way of trying
to improve financial development, directly or indirectly, as the effort has been shown to
achieve the opposite effect.<br>Verskeie studies wêreldwyd oor die vloei van internasionale kapitaal is dit eens dat
aantreklike plaaslike finansiële markte direkte buitelandse beleggings (DBB) na lande laat
stroom. Hierdie studie het die uitwerking van DBB in die tydperk 2003 tot 2016 op die
finansiële sektore van lande in die Midde Oosterse en Noord-Afrikaanse (MONA) streek
ondersoek. Verskeie paneeldataontledingsmetodes is gevolg, waaronder vaste en
ewekansige effekte, saamgevoegde, gewone kleinstekwadratemetode (GKK),
volgewysigde kleinstekwadratemetode (VGKK) en die dinamiese, veralgemeende metode
van momente (VMM). Afgesien hiervan is voorberamings- en diagnostiese toetse,
waaronder paneeleenheidswortel-, koïntegrasie- en robuustheidstoetse, toegepas. Op
grond van sowel volmagte vir finansiële ontwikkeling, breë geld – as ʼn verhouding van die
BBP (model 1) – as binnelandse krediet aan die privaat sektor (model 2), is bevind dat die
vertraging in finansiële ontwikkeling ʼn opmerklik positiewe effek op finansiële ontwikkeling
uitgeoefen het. In model 1, onder vaste effekte, ewekansige effekte en saamgevoegde
GKK, het DBB ʼn opmerklik negatiewe effek op finansiële ontwikkeling gehad. Model 2,
daarenteen, het onder die saamgevoegde GKK-metode op ʼn opmerklik positiewe verband
tussen DBB en finansiële ontwikkeling gedui. Daar is in model 1 en 2 onder die
saamgevoegde GKK bevind dat die wisselwerking tussen DBB en ekonomiese groei ʼn
opmerklik negatiewe effek op finansiële ontwikkeling gehad het. Hierdie bevinding is ʼn
aanduiding daarvan ekonomiese groei ʼn nadelige effek op die uitwerking van DBB op
finansiële ontwikkeling in die MENA-streek gehad het. In die lig hiervan moet die
beleidsmakers van lande in die MONA-streek teen oormatige steun op DBB om hulle
finansiële sektore te laat ontwikkel, gemaan word. Hierbenewens moet lande in die MONAstreek
teen beleide vir ekonomiese groei as ʼn manier om finansiële ontwikkeling regstreeks
of onregstreeks aan te wakker, gewaarsku word omdat dit die teenoorgestelde uitwerking
sal hê.<br>Izifundo zocwaningo ezahlukahlukene ekuthunyelweni kwezimali sezisungule indima
yezimpawu ezikhombisayo zokuthunyelwa kwezimali ezimakethe zasemakhaya mayelana
nekhono lamazwe lokuheha ukutshalwa kwezimali okuqondile. Ucwaningo lwamanje luye
lwaphenya umthintela wokungena kwezimali ngohlelo lokutshalwa kwezimali ngaphandle,
phecelezi FDI mayelana nokuthuthukiswa komkhakha wezezimali emazweni asesiyingini
esiseMpumalanga eMaphakathi (Middle East) kanye kanye nase-Afrika eseNyakatho
(North Africa (MENA), ukusukela onyakeni ka 2003 ukufika ku 2016. Izindlela
ezahlukahlukene zokuhlaziya ipanel data analysis ziye zasetshenziswa. Lezi zindlela ziye
zaxuba imiphumela enqunyelwe isikhathi, imiphumela enganqunyelwanga isikhathi, uhlelo
lwe pooled OLS, lwe FMOLS kanye nohlelo oluguquguqukayo lwe GMM. Ngaphezu
kwalokho, izinhlelo zokuhlolwa phecelezi, pre-estimation tests kanye ne diagnostic tests,
lokhu okuyizinhlelo ezixuba amayunidi ephaneli panel unit root kanye nohlelo lwe cointegration
tests kanye nohlelo lwe robustness tests, nazo ziye zaxutshwa phakathi.
Ngokusebenzisa zombili izinhlelo zokuthuthukiswa kwezinhlelo zezimal, imali ebanzi –
njengesilinganiso semodeli 1 yeGDP – kanye nesikweletu sasekhaya esinikezwa
imikhakha yamabhizinisi angasese asekhaya (imodeli 2), ucwaningo luthole ukuthi
ukubambezeleka kwesikhathi sokuthuthukiswa kwezinhlelo zezimali kuye kwaba
nomthelela omuhle kakhulu ekuthuthukisweni kwezimali. Kumodeli 1, ngaphansi kohlelo
lwemiphumela enqunyelwe isikhathi, kwemiphumela enganqunyelwanga iskhathi kanye
nasohlelweni lwe pooled OLS, uhlelo lwe FDI luye lwaba nomthelela omubi kakhulu
kwezokuthuthukiswa kwezimali. Okuphikisana nalokho, imodeli 2 iye yakhombisa
ubudlelwano obuhle kakhulu, ukuqala ohlelweni lokutshalwa kwezimali emazweni
angaphandle (FDI) ukufika ohlelweni lwezokuthuthukiswa kwezinhlelo zezimali, ngaphansi
kohlelo lwe pooled OLS. Ukuhlangana phakathi kohlelo lwe FDI kanye nokuhluma
komnotho kutholakele ukuthi luye lwaba nomthelela omubi kakhulu ekuthuthukisweni
kwezinhlelo zezimali, kumamodeli 1 nemodeli 2, ngaphansi kohlelo lwe pooled OLS. Lolu
lwazi olutholakele lukhombisa ukuthi ukuhluma komnotho kuye kwaba nomthelela oyingozi
kakhulu ohlelweni lwe FDI mayelana nokuthuthukiswa kwezimali esiyingini seMENA. Uma
kubhekwa le miphumela, abenzi bemigomo emazweni asesiyingini seMENA kufanele bacelwe ukuba bagweme ukwencika ngendlela engenasidingo ohlelweni lwe FDI
kwimizamo yabo yokuthuthukisa imikhakha yezimali. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amazwe
asesiyingini saseMENA ayacelwa ukuba agweme ukusetshenziswa kwemigomo eqinisa
ukuthuthukiswa komnotho njengendlela yokuzama ukuthuthukisa izinhlelo zezimali,
ngendlela eqondile nangendlela engaqondile, njengoba umzamo sewukhonjiswe ukuze
kuphunyelelwe imiphumela engaqondiwe.<br>Business Management<br>M. Com. (Business Management : Finance)
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Batista, Filipe Alexandre Silva. "The contribution of the Port of Sines for its regional economic growth and development." Master's thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10071/14077.
Full textAbstract:
JEL Classification: F230; L900<br>This project concentrates on the stakeholder perspective on the factors that may contribute the most for the economic growth and development of the region of the port of Sines.
Through an analysis of FDI (Foreign Direct Investment) determinants, agglomeration economies and clusters and attractiveness factors in ports, it was possible to establish a framework to discuss this theme. Following this chapter, and to frame to literature review in this specific case, a brief characterization of the Port of Sines is presented.
In the process of contacting the stakeholders, there was a design of the interview guide, and its aftermost application. The results of these interviews were subjected to a content analysis, which was subsequently discussed regarding the literature review done in the first chapter.
The information retrieved from the contact with the stakeholders about the development of the port region allowed to perceive three main pillars:
1) Development of infrastructures (Railway to Spain; expansion of the container terminal; more road connections)
2) Attracting Investors (Creation of a logistics hub; increase competitiveness in order to attract more maritime traffic)
3) Development of supporting activities to the port (Stakeholder management; new training facilities; development of R&D)<br>Este projeto concentra-se na perspetiva dos stakeholders quanto aos fatores que mais podem contribuir para o crescimento económico e desenvolvimento da região do Porto de Sines. Através da análise de determinantes de IDE (Investimento Direto Estrangeiro), economia de aglomeração e clusters e fatores de atratividade em portos, foi possível enquadrar a discussão deste tema. Após este capítulo, para enquadramento da revisão literária no caso específico a ser abordado, é apresentada uma breve caracterização do Porto de Sines.
No processo de contacto com os stakeholders, houve a elaboração de um guião de entrevista e a sua posterior aplicação. Os resultados destas entrevistas foram sujeitos a uma análise de conteúdo, que foi subsquentemente discutida tendo em consideração a revisão literária feita na primeira parte.
As informações obtidas através do contacto com os stakeholders sobre o desenvolvimento da região do porto, permitiu interpretar três principais eixos:
1) Desenvolvimento de infraestruturas (Linha férrea para Espanha; expansão do terminal de contentores; mais estradas)
2) Atrair investidores (Criação de um hub logístico; aumentar competitividade para atrair mais tráfego marítimo)
3) Desenvolvimento de atividades de apoio ao porto (Gestão de stakeholders; novos estabelecimentos de ensino; desenvolvimento de I&D)
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SAPTOADI, BRAMANTIO UTOMO, and 柏曼蒂. "An Analysis of Macroeconomic Indicators for Indonesia:A Correlation Study between Foreign Direct Investment Inflow, Volatility in Exchange Rate, Development of Stock Market Prices and Economic Growth." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/6n9aep.
Full textAbstract:
碩士<br>國立高雄科技大學<br>國際管理碩士學位學程<br>107<br>The main objective of this paper is to find a connection between four important macroeconomic variables; foreign direct investment net inflow to Indonesia, stock market prices developments which focus on index LQ 45, exchange rate volatility between Indonesian Rupiah versus Singaporean Dollar and Indonesian economic growth. This study used secondary start from 2006 – 2016. All of data and information were obtained from official Indonesian websites and trusted third party financial websites. Various methodologies were used in this study, example to determine stock prices from year to year using total share return (TSR) and to locate connection between four test variables using Spearman Rho correlation. In order to robust dataset and get solid result, the Bias Corrected accelerated (BCa) technique was used before conduct correlation test and to patch missing data in dataset using multiple imputation technique. The result of this research is still relevant nowadays. Indonesia as one of south east Asia emerging market has a good opportunity in future. However, it still requires foreign investments to maintain Indonesian growth momentum. Stock market with its “hot money” could be a special gift but also could be a serious risk. Exchange rate with its floating exchange regime has a huge influence toward economic growth. If they are miss manage, they would be a serious threat eroding national economic growth.
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Wentzel, Martha Susanna Isabella. "A comparative study of investment incentives available to the manufacturing sector in South Africa, Malaysia and Singapore." Diss., 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/4766.
Full textAbstract:
This study identifies additional investment incentives, applicable to the manufacturing sector, which the South African government could introduce to encourage investors to choose the South African manufacturing sector as a desired investment destination. A comparison is made between the relevant investment incentives provided to manufacturing companies by Malaysia and Singapore and those provided by South Africa, in order to examine the similarities and differences between these incentives.
In the light of these findings, recommendations are made for revised or additional investment incentives in South Africa to promote investment in South African manufacturing companies and reduce some of the barriers that prevent local and foreign investment in South Africa.<br>Accounting<br>M. Com. (Accounting)
45
Kago, Caroline Wanjiku. "Chinese investments in Africa: legal ‘misengineering’ and unequal returns on investments." Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/3229.
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Tan, Lei. "Finanční globalizace a dopady na přijímající země - empirická analýza zemí EU." Master's thesis, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-358034.
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Mehta, Riken. "The role of FDI in Indian growth and infrastructure development." Master's thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10071/6429.
Full textAbstract:
India has seen significant changes in its foreign policy over the past 20 years. The 1991
balance of payment crisis allowed India to embrace international trade by inviting foreign
direct investment (FDI) into various sectors within its economy. The significance of these
changes has made India the second most attractive destination for FDI behind China.
The increase in FDI in India has coincided with the government’s ability to change to a
market-oriented economy. By opening its economy to international trade, India has seen a rise
in the number of multinational corporations that have moved their operations from their home
country. Infrastructure development has benefitted from these enormous changes, with
various sectors, including telecommunications, ports and roads, seeing an increase in the
number of projects being initiated through the involvement of foreign investors.
This paper will aim to highlight the changes that India has gone through since 1991 in the
liberalisation of its economy. Furthermore, it will demonstrate how India has grown both,
socially and economically, through the encouragement of FDI, comparing the country’s
performance to other emerging economies. Finally, it will show how FDI has helped to
improve India’s infrastructure development programs, and the challenges the country still
faces in providing a standard of living comparable to the developed world.<br>Nos últimos 20 anos, a Índia tem vindo a observar mudanças significativas a nível da sua
política com o exterior. A crise de 1991 da balança de pagamentos permitiu de certa forma a
abertura ao comércio internacional, em termos do Investimento Directo Estrangeiro (IDE).
Desta forma, as significativas reformas tornaram a Índia o segundo país mais atractivo para o
IDE, logo após a China.
Por outro lado, o aumento do IDE na Índia coincide com a maior abertura do governo para
uma Economia mais aberta, ou seja, mais orientada pelas leis do mercado. Ao abrir a sua
Economia ao comércio internacional, observou-se um aumento na deslocação da produção de
empresas multi-nacionais para a Índia. Assim, existiu um massivo desenvolimento a nível das
infraestruturas locais, que beneficiaram com a produção estrangeira, tendo sido estes
benefícios transversais a vários sectores, incluindo as telecomunicações, portos e estradas, que
assim tiveram um aumento do número de projectos desde o envolvimento de capitais
estrangeiros.
Esta dissertação tem como objectivo destacar as principais mudanças pelas quais a Índia
passou desde 1991, com a liberalização da sua Economia. Por outro lado, pretende demonstrar
como a Índia se desenvolveu tanto a nível social como económico, através do incentivo ao
IDE, através de uma comparação com o desempenho de outras economias emergentes.
Finalmente, irá mostrar a influência do IDE no desenvolvimento de infra-estruturas, assim
como terá em consideração os desafios que Índia continua a enfrentar em termos da qualidade
e nível de vida, comparando com países desenvolvidos.
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Papageorgiadis, Nikolaos, A. R. Cross, and C. Alexiou. "International patent systems strength 1998-2011." 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/10253.
Full textAbstract:
No<br>In this paper we report on a composite index of international patent systems strength for 48 developing and industrialized countries annually from 1998 to 2011. Building upon earlier indices we develop a conceptual framework informed by transaction cost theory and derive measures which emphasize the importance of enforcement-related aspects of the patent system of countries. Findings reveal harmonization of the regulative aspects of patent protection internationally in the post-TRIPs era but not of overall national patent systems. The index should inform studies on the relationship between national patent systems and a range of international business and other phenomena. (C) 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.