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1

Mensah, Prince Osei, and Anokye M. Adam. "Copula-Based Assessment of Co-Movement and Tail Dependence Structure Among Major Trading Foreign Currencies in Ghana." Risks 8, no. 2 (June 1, 2020): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/risks8020055.

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This paper examines the joint movement and tail dependence structure between the pair of foreign exchange rates (EUR, USD and GBP) against the GHS, using daily exchange rates data expressed in GHS per unit of foreign currencies (EUR, USD and GBP) between the time range of 24 February 2009 and 19 December 2019. We use different sets of both static (time-invariant) and time-varying copulas with different levels of dependence and tail dependence measures, and the study results reveal positive dependence between all exchange rates pairs, though the dependencies for EUR-USD and GBP-USD pairs are not as strong as the EUR-GBP pair. The findings also reveal symmetric tail dependence, and dependence evolves over time. Notwithstanding this, the asymmetric tail dependence copulas provide evidence of upper tail dependence. We compare the copula results to DCC(1,1)-GARCH(1,1) model result and find the copula to be more sensitive to extreme co-movement between the currency pairs. The afore-mentioned findings, therefore, offer forex market players the opportunity to relax in hoarding a particular foreign currency in anticipation of domestic currency depreciation.
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2

Abille, Adamu Braimah, Desmond Mbe-Nyire Mpuure, Ibrahim Yahaya Wuni, and Peter Dadzie. "Modelling the synergy between fiscal incentives and foreign direct investment in Ghana." Journal of Economics and Development 22, no. 2 (September 10, 2020): 325–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jed-01-2020-0006.

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PurposeThe purpose of the paper was to investigate the role of fiscal incentives in driving foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows into the Ghanaian economy based on data from 1975 to 2017 with the Eclectic paradigm as the theoretical basis. FDI inflows was the dependent variable whiles trade openness, corporate tax rate, exchange rate and market size were the independent variables with corporate tax rate as the main explanatory variable of interest.Design/methodology/approachThe autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) bounds test technique was employed to investigate Cointegration in the model. The results showed the presence of cointegration among the variables.FindingsThe results revealed that corporate tax rates have a significant negative impact on FDI inflows into the Ghanaian economy in the long run and significant positive impact on FDI inflows in the short run. In the context of Ghana, the positive short-run relationship observed is attributed to the lag effect of tax policy on FDI inflows.Research limitations/implicationsOne obvious limitation of the research is that, it does not identify the specific foreign businesses that are more deserving of a low corporate rate and to what extent can that boost FDI inflows in Ghana. Another limitation is that the data analyzed in the paper is exclusively for Ghana and the findings may not be generalized for other countries.Practical implicationsBased on the research findings, it is recommended that the Ghana Revenue Service (GRA) restructures the corporate tax regime in the country to deal with the policy lapses. It is also recommended that low corporate rates should be maintained especially in respect of foreign companies that are into the production of goods and services for which indigenous companies in Ghana have a comparative disadvantage in order to drive FDI into the Ghanaian economy.Originality/valueThis paper is unique for providing up to date and dynamic insights into the tax incentive and FDI nexus in the Ghanaian context.
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3

Okenna, Nwabueze Prince, and Babatunde Moses Adesanya. "International Trade and the Economies of Developing Countries." American International Journal of Multidisciplinary Scientific Research 6, no. 2 (September 4, 2020): 31–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.46281/aijmsr.v6i2.747.

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The economic significance and benefits of foreign trade also known as international trade to the economies of developing countries cannot be overemphasized. Its role and contributions to the gross domestic earnings, employment generation, economic development, and poverty reduction in these underdeveloped countries such as Nigeria, Ghana, Benin Republic, and others have been too glaring especially in agrarian economies with fertile arable land.The main aim of this paper was to examine in-depth the contributions and relationship between international trade and the economic development of developing African countries. Furthermore, this paper recommended stringent macroeconomic policies that when formulated would encourage and increase the multiplier effect of these (foreign) trades. Part of these policies is targeted towards exchange rates, tariffs, import and export duties, subsidies, and actions that promote international trade.The research further concluded that internationaltradeis a key macroeconomic driver that must be encouraged in developing African countries as its multiplier effects have the potentials of driving the needed development goals of these nations. And for this to be achieved, these nations (developing countries) must formulate workable localized macroeconomic policies that suit and drive their interest as against borrowed economic policies from the developed European and Asian nations. Some of the recommendations proffered include adoption of friendly and pro-active export promotion policies, availability of grants, aids, subsidies, and loans, mechanization of the agrarian sector, adoption of flexible exchange rate, etc.This study made use of time series secondary data obtained from the World Development Indicators (WDI) and the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) of developing African countries for a period between 2000 and 2019. A forecast of 15 years was also initiated using these data to provide a long-term insight into the benefits of these trading activities on the GDP of developing countries.
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4

Havenner, Arthur, and Bagher Modjtahedi. "Foreign exchange rates." Journal of Econometrics 37, no. 2 (February 1988): 251–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-4076(88)90005-x.

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5

Nathani, Navita, Jaspreet Kaur, and Pooja Shrivas. "Dynamics of Foreign Exchange Rates." Prestige International Journal of Management & IT - Sanchayan 04, no. 02 (December 15, 2015): 35–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.37922/pijmit.2015.v04i02.002.

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6

van de Gucht, Linda M., Marnik G. Dekimpe, and Chuck C. Y. Kwok. "Persistence in foreign exchange rates." Journal of International Money and Finance 15, no. 2 (April 1996): 191–220. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0261-5606(96)00001-0.

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7

JÜTTNER, D. JOHANNES, and BERND P. LUEDECKE. "Interest Rates, Exchange Rates and Foreign Debt." Economic Record 67, no. 2 (June 1991): 139–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4932.1991.tb02537.x.

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8

Sowa, Nii K., and Ivy K. Acquaye. "Financial and foreign exchange markets liberalization in Ghana." Journal of International Development 11, no. 3 (May 1999): 385–409. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1099-1328(199905/06)11:3<385::aid-jid590>3.0.co;2-p.

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9

Mensah, Lord, Godfred Alufar Bokpin, and Eric Dei Fosu-Hene. "Foreign exchange rate moments and FDI in Ghana." Journal of Economics and Finance 41, no. 1 (September 28, 2015): 136–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12197-015-9342-6.

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10

Sideris, Dimitrios A. "Foreign exchange intervention and equilibrium real exchange rates." Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money 18, no. 4 (October 2008): 344–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.intfin.2007.04.001.

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11

LOWE, PHILIP, and ALISON TARDITI. "Interest Rates, Exchange Rates and Foreign Debt: Comment*." Economic Record 69, no. 1 (March 1993): 77–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4932.1993.tb01800.x.

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12

JÜTTNER, D. JOHANNES. "Interest Rates, Exchange Rates and Foreign Debt: Rejoinder." Economic Record 69, no. 1 (March 1993): 80–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4932.1993.tb01801.x.

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13

Cheung, Yin-Wong. "Long Memory in Foreign-Exchange Rates." Journal of Business & Economic Statistics 11, no. 1 (January 1993): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1391309.

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14

Mahajan, Arvind, and Andrew J. Wagner. "Nonlinear dynamics in foreign exchange rates." Global Finance Journal 10, no. 1 (March 1999): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1044-0283(99)00002-2.

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15

Stevens, Guy V. G. "Exchange Rates and Foreign Direct Investment." Journal of Policy Modeling 20, no. 3 (June 1998): 393–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0161-8938(97)00007-0.

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16

Cheung, Yin-Wong. "Long Memory in Foreign-Exchange Rates." Journal of Business & Economic Statistics 11, no. 1 (January 1993): 93–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07350015.1993.10509935.

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17

Bollen, Nicolas P. B., Stephen F. Gray, and Robert E. Whaley. "Regime switching in foreign exchange rates:." Journal of Econometrics 94, no. 1-2 (January 2000): 239–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0304-4076(99)00022-6.

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18

HUANG, GUOBO, and CLEMENT YUK-PANG WONG. "UNIFICATION OF CHINA'S FOREIGN EXCHANGE RATES." Contemporary Economic Policy 14, no. 4 (October 1996): 42–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1465-7287.1996.tb00632.x.

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19

Strauch, Bruce, and Katina Strauch. "Foreign exchange rates and journal pricing." Library Acquisitions: Practice & Theory 13, no. 4 (January 1989): 417–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0364-6408(89)90052-5.

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20

Asuming-Brempong, S. "YAM FOR FOREIGN EXCHANGE: POTENTIALS AND PROSPECTS IN GHANA." Acta Horticulturae, no. 380 (November 1994): 382–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.1994.380.60.

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21

Salifu, Zubeiru, Kofi A. Osei, and Charles K. D. Adjasi. "Foreign exchange risk exposure of listed companies in Ghana." Journal of Risk Finance 8, no. 4 (August 21, 2007): 380–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/15265940710777324.

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22

Wolff, Christian C. P. "Forward foreign exchange rates and expected future spot rates." Applied Financial Economics 10, no. 4 (August 2000): 371–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09603100050031499.

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23

Rahim, Muhammad Abdur, and Zahangin Alam. "Foreign Exchange Reserves." International Journal of Finance & Banking Studies (2147-4486) 2, no. 4 (October 21, 2013): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.20525/ijfbs.v2i4.159.

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This study is about foreign exchange reserves of Bangladesh. The main purpose of this study is to the influence of exchange rateson foreign exchange reserves to the Bangladesh context. Both the primary and secondary data has been used in this study. The primary data has been collected through a structured questionnaire from 50 respondents. The secondary data, namely Bangladesh foreign exchange reserves (FER), Bangladesh current account balance (CAB), Bangladesh capital and financial account balance (CFAB), and BDT/USD exchange rates (ER). This study covers yearly data from July 01, 1996 to June 30, 2005 and quarterly data from July 01, 2005 to June 30, 2012. Findings of this study shows that out of the selected 16 factors affecting foreign exchange reserves, exchange rates occupy the first position, weighted average score (WAS) being 4.56. Foreign exchange reserves (FER) and current account balance (CAB) have increased by 502.9087% and 1451.218%, whereas capital and financial account (CFAB) has decreased by -649.024% on June 30, 2012 compared to June 30, 1997. The influence of other factors held constant, as ER changes by 285.6894 units due to one unit change in FER, on average in the same direction which represents that ER has positive effect on the FER and this relationship is statistically significant. 62.1526 percent of the variation in FER is explained by ER. The outcomes of Breusch-Godfrey test (LM test), ARCH test, and the Normality test are that there is a serial correlation among residuals, the variance of residuals is not constant, and the residuals are not normally distributed.
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24

Adjei, Mavis, Bo Yu, and Emmanuel Nketiah. "The Development and Determinants of Foreign Exchange Market in Ghana." Open Journal of Business and Management 07, no. 04 (2019): 1831–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ojbm.2019.74126.

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25

Kodom, Seth Baffoe, Kingsley Opoku Appiah, and Lawrence Adu Asamoah. "Foreign exchange rate volatility and firm value: evidence from Ghana." International Journal of Management Practice 9, no. 2 (2016): 192. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijmp.2016.076745.

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26

Adu, Derick Taylor, Elisha Kwaku Denkyirah, and Christian Nsiah. "Foreign aid— real exchange rate Nexus: Empirical evidence from Ghana." Cogent Economics & Finance 6, no. 1 (January 1, 2018): 1499184. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/23322039.2018.1499184.

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27

Hsieh, David A. "Modeling Heteroscedasticity in Daily Foreign-Exchange Rates." Journal of Business & Economic Statistics 7, no. 3 (July 1989): 307. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1391528.

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28

Gonçalves, Fernando M. "Accumulating Foreign Reserves Under Floating Exchange Rates." IMF Working Papers 08, no. 96 (2008): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9781451869576.001.

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29

Brenner, Menachem, Young Ho Eom, and Yoram Landskroner. "Implied foreign exchange rates using options prices." International Review of Financial Analysis 5, no. 3 (1996): 171–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1057-5219(96)90012-5.

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30

Hsieh, David A. "Modeling Heteroscedasticity in Daily Foreign-Exchange Rates." Journal of Business & Economic Statistics 7, no. 3 (July 1989): 307–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07350015.1989.10509740.

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31

Bhawnani, Vijay, and K. Rao Kadiyala. "Forecasting foreign exchange rates in developing economies." Applied Economics 29, no. 1 (January 1997): 51–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/000368497327399.

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32

Suzuki, Tomoya, Tohru Ikeguchi, and Masuo Suzuki. "Multivariable nonlinear analysis of foreign exchange rates." Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications 323 (May 2003): 591–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-4371(03)00052-9.

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33

Guerard, John B. "Composite model building for foreign exchange rates." Journal of Forecasting 8, no. 3 (July 1989): 315–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/for.3980080313.

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34

MacDermott, Raymond. "Linking Exchange Rates to Foreign Direct Investment." International Trade Journal 22, no. 1 (February 12, 2008): 3–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08853900701784045.

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35

So, Jacky C. "The Behavior of Foreign Exchange Rates – Comment." Journal of International Business Studies 17, no. 3 (September 1986): 165–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.jibs.8490806.

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36

Calderón-Rossell, Jorge R., and Moshe Ben-Horim. "The Behavior of Foreign Exchange Rates – Reply." Journal of International Business Studies 17, no. 3 (September 1986): 177–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.jibs.8490807.

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37

Aczel, Amir D., and Norman H. Josephy. "The Chaotic Behavior of Foreign Exchange Rates." American Economist 35, no. 2 (October 1991): 16–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/056943459103500203.

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38

Vandewalle, N., and M. Ausloos. "Sparseness and Roughness of Foreign Exchange Rates." International Journal of Modern Physics C 09, no. 05 (July 1998): 711–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129183198000613.

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An accurate multiaffine analysis of 23 foreign currency exchange rates has been performed. The roughness exponent H1 which characterizes the excursion of the exchange rate has been numerically measured. The degree of intermittency C1 has been also estimated. In the (H1,C1) phase diagram, the currency exchange rates are dispersed in a wide region around the Brownian motion value (H1=0.5,C1=0) and have a significantly intermittent component (C1≠0).
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39

Guo, Hui, and Robert Savickas. "Forecasting foreign exchange rates using idiosyncratic volatility." Journal of Banking & Finance 32, no. 7 (July 2008): 1322–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbankfin.2007.11.006.

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40

Das, Atin, and Pritha Das. "Chaotic analysis of the foreign exchange rates." Applied Mathematics and Computation 185, no. 1 (February 2007): 388–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.amc.2006.06.106.

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41

Sewell, Martin, and John Shawe-Taylor. "Forecasting foreign exchange rates using kernel methods." Expert Systems with Applications 39, no. 9 (July 2012): 7652–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2012.01.026.

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42

Baek, In-Mee, and Tamami Okawa. "Foreign exchange rates and Japanese foreign direct investment in Asia." Journal of Economics and Business 53, no. 1 (January 2001): 69–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0148-6195(00)00038-2.

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43

Pinto, Brian. "Black markets for foreign exchange, real exchange rates and inflation." Journal of International Economics 30, no. 1-2 (February 1991): 121–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-1996(91)90008-t.

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44

Nchor, Dennis, and Samuel Antwi Darkwah. "Inflation, Exchange Rates and Interest Rates in Ghana: an Autoregressive Distributed Lag Model." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 63, no. 3 (2015): 969–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201563030969.

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This paper investigates the impact of exchange rate movement and the nominal interest rate on inflation in Ghana. It also looks at the presence of the Fisher Effect and the International Fisher Effect scenarios. It makes use of an autoregressive distributed lag model and an unrestricted error correction model. Ordinary Least Squares regression methods were also employed to determine the presence of the Fischer Effect and the International Fisher Effect. The results from the study show that in the short run a percentage point increase in the level of depreciation of the Ghana cedi leads to an increase in the rate of inflation by 0.20%. A percentage point increase in the level of nominal interest rates however results in a decrease in inflation by 0.98%. Inflation increases by 1.33% for every percentage point increase in the nominal interest rate in the long run. An increase in inflation on the other hand increases the nominal interest rate by 0.51% which demonstrates the partial Fisher effect. A 1% increase in the interest rate differential leads to a depreciation of the Ghana cedi by approximately 1% which indicates the full International Fisher effect.
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45

Alnaa, Samuel Erasmus, and Ferdinand Ahiakpor. "Exchange Rate Volatility and Foreign Direct Investment." Research in Applied Economics 12, no. 3 (September 18, 2020): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/rae.v12i3.17737.

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The paper seeks to determine the effect of exchange rate volatility on foreign direct investment in Ghana from 1986 to 2017. The study adopted the Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity model to fit the data set from 1986-2017. The results indicate that, previous quarter information can influence current quarter volatility in Foreign Direct Investment. Real exchange rate, gross domestic product and treasure bill rate considered as external factors, are all found to be significant. This shows that, volatility from these factors can spillover to volatility in foreign direct investment. To ensure stable inflow of foreign direct investment, we recommend that policies should gear towards stability in the forex market and interest rate among others.
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46

EVANS, Martin D. D. "Exchange Rates and Liquidity Risk." Journal of Advanced Studies in Finance 11, no. 2 (December 23, 2020): 159. http://dx.doi.org/10.14505//jasf.v11.2(22).08.

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I use Forex trading data to study how risks associated with the lack of liquidity contribute to the dynamics of 17 spot exchange rates through their time-varying contributions to risk premia. I find that liquidity risk matters. All the foreign exchange risk premia compensate investors for exposure to liquidity risk; and, for many currencies, exposure to liquidity risk appears to be more important than exposure to the traditional carry and momentum risk factors. I also find that variations in the price of liquidity risk make economically important contributions to the behavior of individual foreign currency returns: they account for approximately 34%, on average, of the variability in currency returns compared to the contribution of approximately 8% from the prices of carry and momentum risk.
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47

Baek, H. Young, and Chuck C. Y. Kwok. "Foreign exchange rates and the corporate choice of foreign entry mode." International Review of Economics & Finance 11, no. 2 (May 2002): 207–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1059-0560(01)00106-x.

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48

Pozo, Catalina Amuedo-Dorantes, Susan. "FOREIGN EXCHANGE RATES AND FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT IN THE UNITED STATES." International Trade Journal 15, no. 3 (July 2001): 323–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/088539001753228018.

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49

Abasimi, Ignatius, Agus Salim, and Long Vorlak. "The Dynamics of Inflation, Money Growth, Exchange Rates And Interest Rates in Ghana." Journal of Business Management and Economic Research 2, no. 6 (August 27, 2018): 21–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.29226/tr1001.2018.39.

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50

Tucker, Alan L. "Foreign exchange option prices as predictors of equilibrium forward exchange rates." Journal of International Money and Finance 6, no. 3 (September 1987): 283–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0261-5606(87)90003-9.

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