Academic literature on the topic 'Foreign exchange Vietnam'
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Journal articles on the topic "Foreign exchange Vietnam"
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Thi Xuan Huong, Tram, My-Linh Thi Nguyen, and Nguyen Thi Kim Lien. "An empirical study of the real effective exchange rate and foreign direct investment in Vietnam." Investment Management and Financial Innovations 17, no. 4 (October 26, 2020): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/imfi.17(4).2020.01.
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Foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows to Vietnam have increased significantly in recent years. Theoretically, capital inflows will put pressure on the overvaluation of local currencies in countries, despite different exchange rate mechanisms. So, the problem facing the Vietnamese government is the need to examine the relationship between the exchange rate and FDI in order to develop effective policies. This study examined the relationship between the exchange rate and FDI in Vietnam in the period of 2005–2019 using the VAR (vector autoregression) model based on quarterly frequency data. The new points of this study are: (i) using the real effective exchange rate (REER) of the Vietnamese currency with 143 major trading partners of Vietnam; and (ii) adding two control variables into the VAR model to examine the relationship between the exchange rate and FDI in Vietnam – a case study for developing countries. The findings show that, firstly, there is a positive causal relationship between FDI and Vietnam’s real effective exchange rate. Secondly, trade openness has a positive impact on FDI and REER in Vietnam. Thirdly, economic growth has an impact on REER, but no statistically significant impact on FDI was found. The findings can provide useful information to help policymakers plan and make decisions on future policies and support further research studies.
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Hoan, Phan Thanh. "The Determinants of Vietnam’s Exports to CPTPP Members: A Gravity Model Approach." Research in World Economy 11, no. 5 (September 3, 2020): 341. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/rwe.v11n5p341.
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This study examines the determinants of Vietnam’s export to CPTPP by applying the gravity model to panel data for the period of 2003-2016. Besides the conventional variables such as economic size and distance between trade parties; exchange rate, bilateral tariff, income gap, and foreign direct investment (FDI) are included in the model. The results show that the export of Vietnam to CPTPP is influenced by economic size (GDP), income gap, bilateral tariffs, FDI, and exchange rate. Among the impact factors, economic size, exchange rate, and income gap have significant impact on Vietnam's exports to CPTPP. The trade potential between Vietnam and CPTPP is also calculated based on gravity model results. Vietnam’s export to CPTPP is predicted to expand significantly in its member markets.
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Dapice, David. "Vietnam’s currency management: theory, practice and reality." Fulbright Review of Economics and Policy 1, no. 1 (July 22, 2021): 32–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/frep-02-2021-0018.
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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explain why Vietnam has been charged as a currency manipulator by the USA, and why those charges are less than conclusive, as of May 2021, no immediate tariffs were imposed.Design/methodology/approachA comparative approach is applied using economic data on trade balances, inflation, exchange rates, and foreign exchange reserves from Vietnam, other Asian nations, and the USA. Currency regime theories are briefly reviewed, and USA. Treasury statements about Vietnam’s currency are referred to, which then are analyzed. Further explanations are based on the context of the economic situation and bilateral relations.FindingsSince 2010, Vietnam’s currency has appreciated, and since 2015, the government has kept the Vietnamese dong (VND) stable in real terms against the dollar. The sharp improvement in Vietnam’s bilateral and overall trade balance is due largely to rising labor costs in China and trade frictions between the USA and China. The resulting US tariffs on China’s exports redirected Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) exports to Vietnam. Even with these recent trade surpluses, Vietnam’s ratio of foreign exchange reserves to imports is lower than that of many other Asian nations. The USA’s recent decision not to impose punitive tariffs on Vietnam’s exports but continue to monitor and hold discussions reflects the reduced priority the new US administration puts on bilateral trade balances and the recognition that Vietnam is negotiating seriously and has significant value in a regional context.Originality/valueThe paper provides a comprehensive understanding from both theoretical and practical perspectives of the recent event. The implications are meaningful for the adjustment of national monetary strategy to avoid a similar situation in the future.
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Uyen Ngan, Tran Mong. "Relationship between Foreign Exchange Rate and Stock Price of Commercial Joint Stock Banks: Evidence from Vietnam." International Journal of Economics and Finance 8, no. 7 (June 23, 2016): 193. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijef.v8n7p193.
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The relationship between foreign exchange rate and stock price is one popular topic that is interested by not only board managers of banks but also stock investors. By using data about foreign exchange rate between Vietnam Dong (VND) and United State Dollar (USD), stock prices data of nine commercial joint stock banks in Vietnam from the first day of 2013 to the last day of 2015, this paper try to answer the question “Does foreign exchange rate impact on stock price and vice verse?”. Applying Dickey Fuller test and Var Granger Causality test for the time series data, the results show that there is an impact of foreign exchange rate on stock price. Although the fluctuation in foreign exchange rate VND/USD causes the change in stock prices of commercial joint stock banks in Vietnam, however, the vector of this impact is not clearly. On the opposite way, the change in stock price does not cause the change in foreign exchange rate, this relation is one-way relation.
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Jung, Dae-Sung. "An Empirical Study on Return Spillovers among Asian foreign exchange markets." Korea International Trade Research Institute 18, no. 5 (October 31, 2022): 345–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.16980/jitc.18.5.202210.345.
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Purpose - This paper analyzes the connectivity of Asian foreign exchange markets using the volatility spillover index of Diebold and Yilmaz (2009/2012).
Design/Methodology/Approach - The paper used exchange rate data for 11 Asian countries (Korea, Japan, Hong Kong, Singapore, Malaysia, China, Thailand, Indonesia, Taiwan, the Philippines, and Vietnam) and Australia. The data period is from January 2, 2015, to October 4, 2022. Analysis used the volatility spillover index model of Diebold and Yilmaz (2012).
Findings - As a result, it was found that there were return spillovers in the Asian foreign exchange market, and the total volatility transfer is 59.5%. Singapore, Taiwan, Australia, Korea, Malaysia, Thailand, Indonesia, China, the Philippines, Japan, Vietnam, and Hong Kong have the highest outflow transfer effect in the Asian foreign exchange market, in that order. Singapore, Korea, Australia, Malaysia, Taiwan, Thailand, Indonesia, China, the Philippines, Vietnam, Japan, and Hong Kong have the highest inflow transfer effect, in that order. Singapore, Taiwan, Australia, Korea, Malaysia, and Thailand are the leading markets in the Asian foreign exchange market, while Vietnam, Japan, Hong Kong, China, the Philippines, and Indonesia are dependent markets in the Asian foreign exchange market. As a result of analyzing through a sample moving average analysis, it was found that the outbreak of COVID-19 and the WHO pandemic declaration had the strongest effect on the linkage of the foreign exchange market.
Research Implications - This study empirically demonstrates the importance of linkages between markets for investors and policy makers in the foreign exchange market.
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Nguyen Thi, Vu Ha. "Surplus in balance of payments and some policy recommendations for Vietnam." Russian Journal of Vietnamese Studies 6, no. 1 (January 15, 2022): 28–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.54631/vs.2022.61-105384.
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The balance of payments (BoP) is a critical macroeconomic indicator that helps understand the overall picture of a country's economic transactions with foreign ones. Vietnam's BoP has continuously been in surplus in recent years, even when heavily affected by the Covid-19 pandemic. Based on descriptive statistical methods, comparison, analysis and synthesis, this article has shown that the surplus in the current account of Vietnam was mainly due to the surplus in the trade balance. In addition, despite receiving large remittances, the amount of money that Vietnam had to pay to foreign investors was always much more excess than that Vietnam earns from investing abroad, causing the balance of income to run in deficit. Vietnam's financial account was also in surplus because she has received an enormous amount of foreign direct investments. The surplus in Vietnam's BoP has enhanced Vietnam's external position, but it has put pressure on the domestic currency to appreciate and warn of future macroeconomic uncertainties. Therefore, in the future, Vietnam needs to determine the priority in its policy whether to stabilise the exchange rate or have an independent monetary policy in the context of increasingly liberalised capital accounts.
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Rangkuty, Dewi Mahrani, Rusiadi Rusiadi, and Kiki Ramadhani. "Analisis Fluktuasi Cadangan Devisa: studi kasus Indonesia, Vietnam, dan Malaysia." Ecosains: Jurnal Ilmiah Ekonomi dan Pembangunan 9, no. 1 (May 4, 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.24036/ecosains.11549457.00.
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This study aims to analyze of fluctuations in foreign exchange reserves in three developing countries using time series data for the period 2000-2018 with the Research Method Of Panel Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL). The results showed that foreign exchange reserves were the leading indicator in three developing countries (Indonesia, Vietnam, and Malaysia) but were unstable in the short run. In the long and short term, significant variables affect fluctuations in foreign exchange reserves in three developing countries, namely exports and foreign debt. It is recommended to the Government to increase exports rather than imports to increase gold reserves which can later increase output towards economic growth.
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Nguyen, Chi Dieu Thi, and Hong Thuy Thi Dang. "The impact of foreign exchange rate on a balance of payments: Issues from Vietnam." International Journal of ADVANCED AND APPLIED SCIENCES 9, no. 6 (June 2022): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.21833/ijaas.2022.06.001.
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The foreign exchange rate always changes and impacts many economic issues. One of these issues is the impact of the foreign exchange rate on the balance of payments. Our research focuses on the impact of the exchange rate on Vietnam’s balance of payments. All data was collected from the Vietnamese State Bank in the period from 2000 to 2020. We applied the model with the unit root, Auto-Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL), and Granger Causality Test to evaluate the impact of the foreign exchange rate on the balance of payments. The findings indicated that Vietnam’s foreign exchange rate has a significant positive impact on the balance of payment. The result implied that when the foreign exchange rate is stable, it seems to create a developed and effective economic environment. All these contributions are an important base for improving Vietnam’s balance of payments as well as Vietnam’s economy. By deeply analyzing issues of Vietnam’s foreign exchange rate and its effect, we propose some orientations and solutions for Vietnam’s government and managers in issuing suitable economic policies in the future.
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Hung, Ly Dai. "Exchange Rate Risk Premium in Vietnam." Malaysian Journal of Economic Studies 59, no. 2 (December 26, 2022): 301–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.22452/mjes.vol59no2.7.
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This study characterises the exchange rate risk premium in the context of a small open economy with a controlled floating exchange rate regime. The empirical analysis applies the time-varying coefficients Bayesian structural vector autoregressive (TVC-BSVAR) model on data from the Vietnamese economy over a sample period from February 2012 to February 2019. The evidence shows that the risk premium varies over time, and increases with inflation and foreign direct investment capital inflows, but decreases with output growth and credit growth. The TVC-BSVAR model displayed highly accurate forecasting performance, accounting for nearly 94% of risk premium in a case study using the US dollar forward selling contract.
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Thuy, Vinh Nguyen Thi, and Duong Trinh Thi Thuy. "The Impact of Exchange Rate Volatility on Exports in Vietnam: A Bounds Testing Approach." Journal of Risk and Financial Management 12, no. 1 (January 4, 2019): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jrfm12010006.
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This paper investigates the impact of exchange rate volatility on exports in Vietnam using quarterly data from the first quarter of 2000 to the fourth quarter of 2014. The paper applies the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) bounds testing approach to the analysis of level relationships between effective exchange rate volatility and exports. Using the demand function of exports, the paper also considers the effect of depreciation and foreign income on exports of Vietnam. The results show that exchange rate volatility negatively affects the export volume in the long run, as expected. A depreciation of the domestic currency affects exports negatively in the short run, but positively in the long run, consistent with the J curve effect. Surprisingly, an increase in the real income of a foreign country actually decreases Vietnamese export volume. These findings suggest some policy implications in managing the exchange rate system and promoting exports of Vietnam.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Foreign exchange Vietnam"
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Tran, Thang. "Officiell dollarisering : ett alternativ för Vietnam i valet av växelkurssystem? /." Uppsala : Uppsala University. Department of Economics, 2008. http://www.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:158773/FULLTEXT01.
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Le, Hong-Giang. "An exploration of exchange rate regimes for Vietnam." Phd thesis, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/151510.
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Thuận, Phạm Đức, and 範德頌. "Extreme Returns of the Foreign Exchange and the Stock Markets: Evidence from Vietnam." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/09850392695069692617.
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碩士崑山科技大學
企業管理研究所
98
Stock market and foreign exchange have been practical and professional since the existence of financial market. Besides containing many opportunities, stock market and foreign exchange market also have many implicit threats. This thesis studies the risk of investing in stock market through using Extreme Value Theory. To investigate the relationship between the foreign exchange rate and the stock market, Hill estimator is applied to estimate the tail index of the return distributions and then the tail-fatness is based on to estimate the VaR for the markets. The method to determine optimal threshold developed by Hall (1982) will be used to test the constancy of the tail. The correlation of extreme returns for two inherently unstable markets – the foreign exchange and the stock market – is also estimated to determine the relationship between theories, concepts, and practice of EVT.
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Nguyen, Van Ngai. "The impact of trade and exchange rate policies on Vietnamese agriculture." Phd thesis, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/148128.
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Nguyen, Ngoc Thanh. "The reforms of monetary and exchange rate policies in Vietnam during the 1990s." Phd thesis, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/146054.
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Binh, Nguyen Quoc, and 阮國平. "A Study of Customer Satisfaction in Foreign Exchange Service - A Case of Asia Commercial Bank in Vietnam." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/49396980649985594475.
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碩士樹德科技大學
金融與風險管理系碩士班
99
In the current competitive environment, customers are crucial for the survival of banks. In order for banks to earn the loyalty of customers they must have their interests at heart, if they do then banks will win and grow. Business strategy towards customers is becoming the most important factor for commercial banks today. How to give customers the best satisfaction is always the question that the commercial banks attempt to ascertain the answer to with all their capabilities. Thus, the study of customer satisfaction for banks is important work to be done regularly and continuously to be able to promptly meet the needs of its clients so that we can serve them better and make them always be satisfied when using the products and services of the bank. The topic “A Study of Customer Satisfaction in Foreign Exchange Service_ A Case of Asia Commercial Bank in Viet Nam” is out of this purpose. Foreign exchange business services offers revenues and high profits for banks. Consequently, evaluating the customers’ satisfaction on using foreign exchange services is a topic important to the Asia Commercial Bank, Ho Chi Minh City branch. This study reviewed the relationship between quality foreign exchange services and customers satisfaction to Asia Commercial Bank, Ho Chi Minh City branch. Authors have undertaken a survey through questionnaires on 300 enterprise customers who use foreign exchange services, and analysis of data collected by software SPSS 13.0. Results showed that two factor responsibility and staff skills simultaneously factor credibility, access, communication are important elements affecting customer satisfaction.
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Wang, Li-Fan, and 王立帆. "The Effect of American Quantitative Easing Policy on Foreign Exchange Rate in the Emerging Asian Countries- A Case Study of Vietnam, Thai, Philippines and Indonesians." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/tjt659.
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碩士國立高雄應用科技大學
財富與稅務管理系碩士在職專班
102
The subprime mortgage crisis triggered the financial crisis in the U.S. in 2008. In order to stabilize the financial market, the Federal Reserve took several measures during this period and one of the critical monetary policies was the Quantitative Easing (QE). After QE was implemented in the States, the monetary policies started to turn loose in Asian countries as well. This inevitably caused Asian nations difficult to sustain their economic growth and at the same time, to stabilize inflation influenced both domestically and internationally within a reasonable range. This Study investigates the effects of QEs in U.S. on the exchange rate movements of Vietnam, Thailand, the Philippines and Indonesia by using linear regression model. The result shows that after the implementation of Quantitative Easing Monetary Policy, it not only has a significant influence on exchange rate movement in Thailand and Indonesia which are the emerging countries that are more opened to the flexible foreign exchange market. On the other hand, Vietnam and the Philippines do not show as much influences due to the foreign exchange intervention and protective policies.
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Yeh, Kao-Chieh, and 葉高潔. "The Study of Cross-Cultural Team-Member Exchange and Foreign Migrant Worker Adjustment －The Case of Traditional Industry Migrant Workers from Thailand and Vietnam in Hsinchu area." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/4c35kp.
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碩士中國科技大學
企業管理系
108
With the rise of globalization, the prevalence of capitalist economic systems, the restructuring of the global production division system, the inequality of global regional income, and the advancement of transportation technology, the gap between industrial advanced countries and other countries has been deepened, and then the impetus has been attracted the global labor force work at transnational (Mittelman, 2000).As the cross-border movement of labor becomes more frequent and more convenient, the global labor force work at transnational has gradually become a common phenomenon, and thus the diversified labor market employment pattern has emerged, and the opportunities for workers work with different cultural workers are also increasing. As time goes on, the foreign migrant workers have become to the structural dependence to Taiwanese industries and long-term care institutions. Because of Taiwanese hiring a lot of foreign migrant workers form different countries, the foreign migrant workers face to the cultural estrangement and Language barrier not only between their hometown and Taiwan but also between to other countries foreign migrant workers and therefore might interfere foreign migrant workers in adapting to new surroundings. The study refers to the relevant research literature, and combines the elements of "cross-cultural group" to divides the facet of "cross-cultural team-member exchange" into two groups: "the contributions of cross-cultural team-member exchange" and "the receipts of cross-cultural team-member exchange". The study also divides the facet of "foreign migrant worker adjustment" into three groups of "work adjustment ", "general adjustment" and "interaction adjustment". Then the study makes the foreign migrant workers from Thai and Vietnam who work in the traditional industrial enterprises in Hsinchu area as the research object and use questionnaire survey to examine the relation of the cross-cultural team-member exchange, foreign migrant worker adjustment, and the nationality of foreign migrant workers. This study were tested using data collected from a sample of 449 valid questionnaires and used statistic to analyze. After sorting and summarizing, the following conclusions were drawn. 1. The different demographic variables of foreign migrant worker appeared significant different in foreign migrant worker adjustment. 2. Cross-cultural team-member exchange has a significant effect on foreign migrant worker adjustment. 3. The nationality of foreign migrant worker can marginally strengthen the relationship between and foreign migrant worker adjustment.
Books on the topic "Foreign exchange Vietnam"
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Brogi, Alessandro, Giles Scott-Smith, and Snyder David J., eds. The Legacy of J. William Fulbright. University Press of Kentucky, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5810/kentucky/9780813177700.001.0001.
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The Legacy of J. William Fulbright: Policy, Power, and Ideology offers a fresh retrospective on the influential career of Senator J. William Fulbright, a leading foreign policy thinker and the longest-serving chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee in American history. Juxtaposing Fulbright’s career as a foreign policy intellectual, including his powerful framing of post–World War II liberal internationalism, with his advocacy for the eponymous educational exchange program that he devised, this book contextualizes liberal internationalism within a broader sweep of US foreign policy thinking. Especially relevant is the role of American culture and political institutions in the formulation of liberal internationalism as well as the erosion of liberal internationalist confidence in the years after the Vietnam War, all exemplified by Fulbright’s public utterances, his conduct in office, and the foreign influence of the famed scholarly exchange program that bears his name.
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Ó Briain, Lonán. Community Reformation in the Diaspora. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190626969.003.0007.
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Chapter 6 investigates the circulation of foreign-produced recordings in Vietnam to understand how popular music is generating a heightened awareness of Hmong transnationalism. Vietnamese minorities are compensating for shortcomings in the national media by accessing transnational networks through alternative technological means. VCDs, cell phones, and the Internet are permitting an unprecedented intensification of cross-border exchanges, some of which promote the concept of an independent Hmong nation. Vietnam-based Hmong now regularly listen to, watch, and comment on recordings and music videos produced in other countries. This chapter examines the means of access to these global networks and argues that the limitations on access outweigh the potential for unification as an independent Hmong nation. The research traces the emergence of a Hmong music industry to provide a means of understanding Vietnamese Hmong power, or lack thereof, in this reimagined ethnonationalist community.
Book chapters on the topic "Foreign exchange Vietnam"
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Lien, Nguyen Thi Kim. "An Empirical Study on Causal Relationship Between Real Effective Exchange Rate and Foreign Portfolio Investment in Vietnam." In Prediction and Causality in Econometrics and Related Topics, 498–513. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-77094-5_39.
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Nguyen, Vu-Linh, and Van-Nam Huynh. "Using Conditional Copula to Estimate Value-at-Risk in Vietnam’s Foreign Exchange Market." In Econometrics of Risk, 471–82. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-13449-9_33.
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Zhou, Yiwen. "Analysis of Countermeasures After Being Listed as a Currency Manipulator, Taking Vietnam’s Foreign Exchange Market as an Example." In Applied Economics and Policy Studies, 235–40. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-5727-7_25.
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Garner, Alice, and Diane Kirkby. "Education, or ‘part of our foreign policy’?: At war in Vietnam." In Academic ambassadors, Pacific allies, 109–29. Manchester University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.7228/manchester/9781526128973.003.0007.
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By the early 1960s the original Fulbright Agreement had expired and a new one was negotiated, as a binational agreement with the Australian government providing equal funding. This was signed in 1964, in the context of increasing miliitary intervention in the war in Vietnam by both the US and Australia. Under the ANZUS and SEATO treaties, signed the previous decade, Australia was a keen ally of the US in Vietnam. The Fulbright program and the Australia-US Alliance were pursued simultaneously by the Australian government. Senator Fulbright visited Australia, criticised the Alliance and became a leading dissenter to the Vietnam War. Academics on educational exchange also became active in the anti-war movement.
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Woods, Randall B. "Fulbright Internationalism." In The Legacy of J. William Fulbright, 19–31. University Press of Kentucky, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5810/kentucky/9780813177700.003.0002.
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For decades after World War II, Senator J. William Fulbright was one of the most influential foreign policy thinkers in the United States. Especially given the importance of the eponymous academic exchange program he founded, he is often held as an avatar of the midcentury American liberal internationalist philosophy that undergirded postwar US foreign policy. From his early notoriety as a leading foreign policy spokesperson to his long-standing perch as chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, he helped carve out an active role for the United States in the world and an approach that defined American global hegemony. His views were not consistent over time, however, and he would undergo a long period of evolution. Starting out during the war as an early advocate of a “one-world” approach to global cooperationalism, he would become by the Vietnam era a critic of many of the liberal assumptions that he had famously championed. His career thus represents not only key consistencies in US postwar foreign policy but many of the fundamental internal contradictions that bipartisan consensus had disguised for many years.
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Maes, Ivo. "Bretton Woods Cassandra." In Robert Triffin, 113–50. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190081096.003.0004.
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In 1951, Robert Triffin became a professor at Yale. By the end of the 1950s, Triffin became more and more worried about the international reserve position of the United States due to the country’s gold losses and the increase in dollar liabilities. In his view, the continued deterioration in the US net reserve position would undermine foreigners’ confidence in the dollar as a safe medium for reserve accumulation. So, the gold exchange standard was not sustainable, as argued in his famous dilemma. Triffin thus established his reputation as the Cassandra who predicted the end of Bretton Woods. However, he was an optimistic Cassandra. He sought a more international solution for the world liquidity problem, a true internationalization of the foreign exchange component of the world’s international reserves. This chapter also pays attention to life in Yale and Triffin’s reaction to the Vietnam War.
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Garner, Alice, and Diane Kirkby. "‘Experience is the only teacher’: Academic ambassadors interpret ‘mutual understanding’." In Academic ambassadors, Pacific allies, 130–48. Manchester University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.7228/manchester/9781526128973.003.0008.
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The Vietnam War posed significant challenges to academics on educational exchange who were expected under the Fulbright program to be ambassadors as well as researchers. The CIA surveillance of the anti-war movement and political interference in the administration of the Fulbright program from government caused academics in both Australia and America to defend the autonomy of the Program. How did scholars interpret the ambassadorial expectation when they were opposed to their government’s foreign policy? Many also found they could not speak critically of their national government without antagonising their hosts. Living up to the Fulbright program’s ideal of achieving ‘mutual understanding’ was very much a matter of learning by experience, to be interpreted by scholars for whom research was actually the priority.
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Brogi, Alessandro, Giles Scott-Smith, and David J. Snyder. "Introduction." In The Legacy of J. William Fulbright, 1–16. University Press of Kentucky, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5810/kentucky/9780813177700.003.0001.
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While the ideological inspiration of Woodrow Wilson on American liberal internationalism has been well investigated, less well understood are subsequent influences within the defining ideology of the years of American global ascendancy. Liberal internationalism during the Cold War is often portrayed as a kind of default that arose from idealistic high-mindedness, the novelty of American global experience during World War II, and the bipartisan consensus of sustained anticommunism. However, new scholarship on the career of J. William Fulbright, as well as fresh research on the influence of the Fulbright exchange program overseas, shows the ongoing role of American culture and American political institutions as powerful fashioners of the ideological consensus that defined US foreign policy in these years. These cultural and political influences include a key racial dimension and a prevailing faith in the wisdom of political elites as makers of US foreign policy. Other dimensions of liberal internationalism, including prevailing American gender notions, modernization impulses, and a later critique of American militarism, are evident in Fulbright’s evolving public career, which originated in idealistic support of the United Nations, came to embrace the special mission of the United States in a world of bipolarity, and ended with the senator one of the most vocal critics of a misguided American militarism in Vietnam. The Fulbright exchange program likewise shifted over time in response to many of the same impulses, though, unlike the senator, whose political influence was for long shielded by his electoral invulnerability, it has been vulnerable to shifting political forces both at home and abroad.
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Meneguzzi Rostagni, Carla. "Italy's Attention Turns to China Between the ’50 and the ’60." In Sinica venetiana. Venice: Edizioni Ca' Foscari, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.30687/978-88-6969-220-8/008.
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It is surprising that the very existence and recognition of China had significant repercussions on domestic policy in Italy, which was the country with the strongest Communist party in the West. In the ’50s the Italian official policy was compelled by membership in Atlantic alliance and relations with United States, to refuse economic exchanges with China. According to documents found in “Ministero degli Affari Esteri” and in “Aldo Moro” archives, even in the same years political characters such as the Socialist Pietro Nenni, the Christian Democrats Giovanni Gronchi and Amintore Fanfani worked to favour China-Italy exchanges and economic actors like Dino Gentili and Enrico Mattei organised economic Italian missions to China. Since 1960, thanks to trade relations set up in the ’50s, and to political events (December 1963 the first centre-left government with Aldo Moro president, Pietro Nenni vicepresident and Giuseppe Saragat to foreign affairs, and at the beginning of 1964 the French political recognition of China), the process was accelerated. Thus, in December 1964 the first commercial agreement between Italy and China was concluded and commercial offices were opened in Rome and Beijing. After 1964 the Chinese question entered Italian foreign policy and was included in parliamentary debates and government programmes. The American diplomacy, dominated by the Vietnam war, opposed any initiative to Chinese recognition but Italy anticipated the better reported, more celebrated US recognition.