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Journal articles on the topic 'Foreign missions'
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1
Vidyaratne, R. T., and E. A. G. Sumanasiri. "Foreign Missions’ Role in Promoting International Trade: Empirical Evidence of Sri Lankan Foreign Missions Promoting Electronic Exports in Germany." International Business Research 13, no. 7 (June 23, 2020): 173. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ibr.v13n7p173.
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Foreign missions have been the pillars of trade promotion and in particular, of export and export-oriented investment. In Sri Lanka, the potentiality in export promotion to Germany is immense. However, it is discernible that there is no coordinated effort in promoting trade in Sri Lanka by foreign missions. Therefore, this research examines the role of foreign missions in promoting international trade between Sri Lanka and Germany especially focusing on Electrical and Electronic Sector. The case study is based on the empirical evidence of Sri Lankan foreign missions promoting electrical and electronic exports in Germany. Potential growth-enhancing factors will benefit from increased global economic integration through trade promotion activities undertaken by the host country and the foreign mission. A qualitative methodology was used to understand the stakeholder perspective of the role of foreign missions. Analysis of data collected through semi-structured interviews (13) derived the results that trade fairs and Business to Business meetings as the most effective trade promotion activities. Findings of the study confirms six (6) vital roles of a foreign mission which are internalizing industries, promoting, business intelligence, stakeholder communication, building strategic relationships and inter-governmental engagement respectively. The paper points out managerial and policy implications such as pro-activeness of the head of foreign missions and strategic and trustworthy relationships between the countries. The study concludes that the activities carried out by the Sri Lankan Foreign Mission in Germany does not satisfy the exporters’ expectations and requirements. Further this study recommendations are provided to both German and Sri Lankan Governments and foreign missions.
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Hsia, Ronnie Po-chia. "Jesuit Foreign Missions. A Historiographical Essay." Journal of Jesuit Studies 1, no. 1 (2014): 47–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22141332-00101004.
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A review of recent scholarship on early modern Jesuit missions, this essay offers a reflection on the achievements and desiderata in current trends of research. The books discussed include studies on Jesuit missions in China (Matteo Ricci), on the finances of the eighteenth-century Madurai mission in India, the debates over indigenous missions in the Peruvian province in the sixteenth and early seventeenth century, on print and book culture in the Jesuits’ European missions, and finally a series of studies on German-speaking Jesuit missionaries in Brazil, Chile, and New Granada.
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Haidostian, Paul Ara. "Foreign Missionary Activity Prior to and During the Armenian Genocide." Transformation: An International Journal of Holistic Mission Studies 39, no. 1 (January 2022): 10–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/02653788211068128.
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This article discusses how pre-Genocide foreign missionary activity prepared the way for relief and existential support during and after the Armenian Genocide of 1915–1921. Examples are drawn from American, British, and German Protestant missionary organisations, especially the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions, the Turkish Missions Aid Society or Bible Lands Missions Aid Society, and the Christlicher Hilfsbund im Orient. These agencies developed missionary and relief methods and transnational networks which were utilised by the Action Chrétienne en Orient (ACO) and other twentieth-century mission agencies in their work among Armenian communities.
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Radková, Lucie, Jarmila Mádrová, and Michal Místecký. "Mission, or no mission: factors behind knowledge of military language among Czech soldiers." Bohemistyka, no. 3 (December 22, 2022): 375–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/bo.2022.3.4.
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The goal of the study is to analyse the outcomes of a questionnaire survey which concerns understandability of military language used on former Afghanistan missions. Two groups of respondents took part in the survey – 50 soldiers with experience from a foreign mission, 50 soldiers without such experience. The data have indicated that when it comes to decoding randomly generated expressions, an important role is mainly played by the soldiers' other foreign missions, professional specialisations, length of service, and close contact with the participants of the Afghan missions.
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Robert, Dana L. "From Missions to Mission to beyond Missions: The Historiography of American Protestant Foreign Missions since World War II." International Bulletin of Missionary Research 18, no. 4 (October 1994): 146–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/239693939401800401.
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Datsenko, Pavel. "On Some Specifics in the Work of Russian Diplomatic Missions in the States of the German Confederation in the Middle of the 19th Century." ISTORIYA 14, no. 9 (131) (2023): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s207987840028004-3.
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The article is devoted to the work of the diplomatic missions of the Russian Empire in the secondary German states that were part of the German Confederation. In historiography, these missions are paid relatively less attention than Russia’s diplomatic relations with Austria and Prussia, as a result — the whole direction of Russian foreign policy towards the German Confederation and its members is beyond the scope of research interest. At the same time, the materials of the Archive of Foreign Policy of the Russian Empire (AVPRI) make it possible to study the work of these missions and their significance for Russian foreign policy in general. The first part of the article discusses some features of organizational structure of Russian diplomatic service and mission staff in the German states: the unification of several missions under the control of one envoy, the need to have a separate representative at the Bundestag and the significant role of mission secretaries. The second part of the article is devoted to a brief review of the tasks and methods of work, as well as the level of independence of Russian diplomats during the German and European crises of the mid-19th century. These and other features of the activities of Russian missions in the secondary German states make it possible not only to add significant details to the image of foreign policy questions already known to researchers, but also to reveal new aspects of Russia's foreign policy in the middle of the 19th century.
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Matiash, Iryna. "Foreign Consuls in the Ukrainian SSR (1919-1922)." Mìžnarodnì zv’âzki Ukraïni: naukovì pošuki ì znahìdki, no. 26 (November 27, 2017): 100–123. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/mzu2017.26.100.
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The article describes the basic forms and problems of foreign consuls’ activities in Kyiv and «Soviet capital» Kharkiv in February 1919 – December 1922. We surveyed historiography (works by Hisem O.V., Kiladze S., Kupchyk O.V., Danylenko O.V., Netreba Y.B., Sokyrska V.V. etc.) and a wide range of sources concerning activities of foreign missions in Ukraine. The main forms and methods of foreign consulates’ activities in the Ukrainian SSR were surveyed, peculiarities of their functioning were outlined, personnel of the consular institutions and a role of their management in formation of consular relations with the Ukrainian SSR and an influence on building its foreign relations were determined. We characterized the personalities of the foreign consuls who represented Azerbaijan, Armenia, Georgia, Persia and other countries in Soviet Ukraine (Dubynskyi V., Mir-Tagiev J., Tsahareli K., Shumun Bit etc.). Indicated on the nationalization of foreign consulates’ buildings by the Soviet authorities. Nature of the activities of Chinese mission, mission of Assyrian National Delegation in the RSFSR and «a Brazilian consul earl Alberto Pirro» was also highlighted. On the basis of archival information we investigated features of the interaction of the People’s Commissariat for Foreign Affairs of the USSR to the foreign missions and actions of the USSR General Political Governance corcerning registration of foreigners. It has been shown that the foreign missions used the services of the Bureau for Foreign Missions Services concerning providing people with food provision and dwelling. We found differences in the organization of the consular corps in the era of the Ukrainian State and the Ukrainian People’s Republic and the Soviet regime. Regulations on the status of foreign nationals in the Ukrainian SSR were considered, and the role of the foreign consuls in ensuring contacts of the citizens of their states with the Soviet authorities was highlighted. It was proved that foreign consuls in the Ukrainian SSR were victims of repressive bodies.
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Hopkins, Philip O. "An Overview of the Missions Activities of the Southern Baptist Convention’s Foreign Mission Board in Iran." Iran and the Caucasus 22, no. 2 (June 22, 2018): 168–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1573384x-20180206.
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This paper overviews the American missionary activity in Iran from the Southern Baptist Convention’s Foreign Mission Board. Much of the research is based on the Board of Trustee minutes of the Foreign Mission Board, as well as archival material from the International Mission Board, the new name for the Foreign Mission Board that includes personal correspondences, letters, communications, statistics of churches in Iran, strategies for missions, and other documents. Academic papers, diaries, composed and written oral histories, and other information from Foreign Mission Board missionaries of this period also are used. Therefore, the significance of this paper lies, I hope, at least in presenting documents previously unknown and inaccessible.
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Schnietz, Karen E., and Douglas A. Schuler. "Much Ado About Nothing? The Economic Impact of US Foreign Trade Mission Participation." Business and Politics 1, no. 2 (August 1999): 155–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bap.1999.1.2.155.
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The activist foreign trade missions of the Clinton Administration are intended to open strategically important, but often difficult-to-enter, emerging markets to US foreign investment with government-to-government negotiations. Some research streams suggest that participation in a trade mission should benefit firms, while others suggest that participation should have no discernible benefit. This paper performs several event studies to analyze the stock return of a portfolio of the publicly traded firms participating in trade missions from 1993 to 1996. It finds that participants did not experience positive or significant abnormal stock returns as a result of mission participation, regardless of how the event date is defined or the data segmented.
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Friesendorf, Cornelius, and Philipp Neubauer. "Do National Differences Hamper CSDP? The Pragmatism of Mission Members." European Foreign Affairs Review 28, Issue 2 (May 1, 2023): 141–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/eerr2023008.
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European police officers’ work in the context of multinational police missions is an important component of international peace- and statebuilding. However, so far little is known about the inner life of police work in such missions. Existing research suggests that difficulties arise when police from countries with different policing models participate in the same mission. Focusing on public order policing and drawing on interviews with European police officers working in Common Security and Defence Policy (CSDP) missions of the European Union, our findings offer a more nuanced picture. Even though distinctly national styles continue to inform public order practices (trends of convergence notwithstanding), European members of multinational missions are not critical of differing approaches per se and even appreciate cross-national variation as it provides a range of options. However, their pragmatism also leads mission members to be critical towards practices they regard as not fitting local conditions in mission areas or as lacking proper planning. European Union, CSDP, police missions, transnational policing, European Foreign and Security Policy, pragmatism, public order, protest policing
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Teixeira, Aurora A. C., André Caiado, and Ana Paula Africano. "The Usefulness of State Trade Missions for the Internationalization of Firms: An Econometric Analysis." Hague Journal of Diplomacy 10, no. 2 (April 22, 2015): 139–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1871191x-12341308.
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Empirical studies are scarce on the usefulness of state trade missions as a way to promote the internationalization of firms. The results of applying an econometric model — involving 136 participations in twelve state trade missions that occurred between 2005 and 2008 — indicate that a company’s size, foreign capital, export intensity, innovation intensity and experience in the market visited are relevant variables in an assessment of the results of state trade missions. Investment in the simple organization of trade state missions is not enough. It is necessary to select the most competent companies and to add more structured programmes to the organization of a mission in order to create and improve firms’ competences.
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Kilian, Maksymilian, Krystyna Frydrysiak, and Łukasz Kikowski. "Participation of Polish paramedics in missions abroad - selected issues." Emergency Medical Service 9, no. 1 (2022): 55–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.36740/emems202201109.
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Aim: Assesment of the preparedness of paramedics for mission trips. Evaluation of the mission as a place for professional development of paramedics. Assesment of the usefulness of the experience gained by paramedics on missions in working conditions in Poland. Analysing the attendance of paramedics on missions. Learning about personal opinions and experi¬ences of selected participants of missions. Material and Methods: The study was conducted between 01.2020 and 08.2020. The research group consisted of 20 paramedics of different ages. Data were collected using an electronic survey consisting of 22 questions and extended tel¬ephone interviews consisting of 33 questions. Statistical data obtained from the Redemptoris Missio Foundation were used to analyse attendance. Results: The majority of survey participants rated their preparation for their first mission at a score of 3 (f=0.45) or 4 (f=0.35) on a 5-point scale. The most frequently used skill was foreign language, with 9 (f=0.45) respondents using it all the time and 9 (f=0.45) using it frequently. The paramedics experienced the greatest development in the area of non-medical skills (f=0.6) and in foreign language use (f=0.5). Most of the respondents rated the usefulness of the experience gained as 5 (f=0.35) or 4 (f=0.25) on a 5-point scale. Analysis of the obtained statistical data showed very low attendance of paramedics on missions compared to other medical professions. The interviews provided an in-depth look into the feelings and opinions of selected paramedics regarding missions, which were mostly consistent or similar. Conclusions: The paramedics believe that they are sufficiently prepared to go on missions. Thanks to missions: they gain new experience, consolidate their knowledge and skills, exchange experience with medical personnel from all over the world. However, missions do not allow one to fully utilize their expertise in emer¬gency medicine. Experience gained abroad is proved to be useful for paramedics in working conditions of Polish health care system. Attendance of paramedics on missions is very low, but there are a lot of potential areas where their knowledge and skills could be used.
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Okulate, G. T., and C. Oguine. "Homicidal violence during foreign military missions - prevention and legal issues." South African Journal of Psychiatry 12, no. 1 (March 1, 2006): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajpsychiatry.v12i1.52.
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<p><strong>Objectives.</strong> The study involved Nigerian soldiers engaged in peacekeeping missions in Liberia and Yugoslavia. Using case illustrations, the study sought to describe patterns of homicidal violence among soldiers from the same country or soldiers from allied forces, and to suggest possible reasons for the attacks.<strong> </strong></p><p><strong>Design and setting.</strong> Nigeria was actively involved in peacekeeping missions in Liberia between 1990 and 1996. During this period, intentional homicidal attacks occurred among the Nigerian military personnel. Post- homicidal interviews conducted among the perpetrators were combined with evidence obtained at military courts to produce the case studies.</p><p><strong>Subjects.</strong> Six Nigerian military personnel who attacked other Nigerians or soldiers from allied forces, with homicidal intent.</p><p><strong>Results.</strong> Possible predisposing and precipitating factors for these attacks were highlighted. The possibility of recognising these factors before embarking on overseas missions was discussed, so that preventive measures could be instituted as far as possible. Finally, medico-legal implications of homicide in the military were discussed.</p><p><strong>Conclusions.</strong> A certain degree of pre-combat selection is essential to exclude soldiers with definite severe psychopathology. A clearly defined length of duty in the mission areas and adequate communication with home could reduce maladjustment. Health personnel deployed to mission areas should be very conversant with mental health issues so that early recognition of psychological maladjustment is possible.</p>
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Yusuf, Darmawan, Agusmidah Agusmidah, Aloysius Uwiyono, and Ningrum Natsya Sirait. "CASE STUDY OF INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS DISPUTE RESOLUTION FOR FOREIGN WORKERS IN FOREIGN EMBASSIES: TOWARDS AN IDEAL LEGAL CERTAINTY." Journal of Law and Sustainable Development 12, no. 2 (February 8, 2024): e3139. http://dx.doi.org/10.55908/sdgs.v12i2.3139.
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Background: The resolution of Industrial Relations Disputes (IRDP) involving Foreign Workers (FW) and Foreign Missions in Indonesia is particularly unique and warrants further examination. This is due to its involvement with complex international law, particularly concerning diplomatic immunity and state immunity, making achieving an ideal resolution for foreign workers and providing legal certainty challenging. The issue revolves around determining the ideal IRDP resolution to offer legal certainty to Foreign Workers employed in Foreign Missions. Methods: This legal study analyzes relevant laws, concepts, and cases to identify an ideal resolution. Sources include international law, Indonesian national law, and foreign case studies. Results: The ideal resolution of Industrial Relations Disputes (IRDP) between FW and Foreign Missions in Indonesia must consider various aspects to ensure legal certainty. In the context of UNCJIS ratification, the Indonesian Government needs careful consideration before deciding to enact this convention. Conclusion: The Indonesian Government, not having enacted UNCJIS 2004 into its national law, would find it challenging to provide legal certainty to FW working in Foreign Missions in Indonesia, particularly those dismissed without being granted their normative rights. This is because executing legally binding court decisions becomes challenging. Therefore, the Indonesian Government could establish Bilateral Agreements between nations falling under its jurisdiction to ensure legal certainty for FW working in Foreign Missions in Indonesia.
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Dries, Angelyn. "The Hero-Martyr Myth in United States Catholic Foreign Mission Literature, 1893–1925." Missiology: An International Review 19, no. 3 (July 1991): 305–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009182969101900304.
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A contextual analysis of the mission literature of several United States Catholic groups engaged in mission outreach to other countries shows extensive use of a hero-martyr motif. Four elements of this motif are examined for their significance for the missionaries themselves and for the advantage this motif carried to persuade United States Catholics to support efforts toward missions abroad at a time when the country was considered, at least by Roman authorities, to be “mission territory.”
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Petrovic, Ilija. "Foreign medical help in Serbian liberation wars from 1912 until 1918." Archive of Oncology 18, no. 4 (2010): 143–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/aoo1004143p.
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This work concerns involvement of the foreign medical missions during the Serbian Liberation Wars from 1912 until 1918, the work of their members immediately behind the front lines and in the back, healing of the wounded and the diseased, especially at the time of the great epidemics of typhoid fever, and also the efforts of numerous Serbian friends who collected the funds and material for equipping and sending of those missions. An American mission which came first to Serbia, soon after the beginning of the war operations and which was led by Dr. Edward Ryan, was specially mentioned. For many smaller of bigger missions, it is known that they acted in some of the Serbian war zones. A special attention was paid to the work of The Scottish Women's Hospital, its formation and means of funding, work in war conditions, attitudes towards wounded Serbs and posture during the Serbian retreat before the German, Austro-Hungarian and Bulgarian occupying armies. This text is largely the author's own view of his two books on medical assistance which the Serbs received from their friends from abroad (Medical Missions at Serbian Battlefields 1912-1918 and The Scottish Women with the Serbs 1914-1918). The first of these booklets contains a list with over 1350 names (of which, approximately 700 are the medical doctors), and the other 1230, were based on the author's personal inspection of the available literature and materials, significantly increased the official data of the Serbian Red Cross about the number of medical staff who reached Serbian battlefields: doubles them for the Balkan wars, while in the Great war they were at least five times greater.
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Bhattarai, Gaurav, and Beenita Nepali. "Ethos of ‘Vasudhiva Kutumbakam’ in Nepal’s Contribution to UN Peacekeeping Operations." Journal of Foreign Affairs 1, no. 1 (April 2, 2021): 123–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jofa.v1i1.36253.
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After joining the United Nations in 1955, Nepal not only initiated its non-isolationist foreign policy, but also effectively championed the policy of non-alignment, world peace and non-intervention at several multilateral forums and UN bodies. The most outstanding and globally applauded effort has been Nepal’s contribution in the maintenance of global peace and security through UN peacekeeping missions. Adhering to the eastern philosophy of ‘Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam’, which envisions the entire world as one family, today, Nepal is the 5th largest troop contributor to the United Nations Peacekeeping Operations (UNPKO). But most of the literature produced on Nepal’s role in the United Nations peacekeeping mission are either too general and mere archival or focussed only on glorifying the contribution of Nepali soldiers in different peacekeeping missions. Identifying the same research gap, this study aims to appraise Nepal’s participation in UN peacekeeping missions from Nepal’s foreign policy objective of world peace. To fulfill the same objective, the ethos of Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam has been foregrounded in the study. Initially, the general understanding of UN peacekeeping in Nepal was associated with bravery, which was later replaced by the concept of ‘kamaune’, which means to earn from the missions. But this study has deliberately cloaked the economic variable of peacekeeping and foregrounds the philosophical drive to highlight how Nepal’s peacekeeping should find more places in political and foreign policy measurement rather than being confined to the financial and institutional variables.
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Minnaar, Anthony. "Protection of foreign missions in South Africa." African Security Review 9, no. 2 (January 2000): 67–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10246029.2000.9627921.
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Womack, Deanna Ferree. "Lubnani,Libanais, Lebanese: Missionary Education, Language Policy and Identity Formation in Modern Lebanon." Studies in World Christianity 18, no. 1 (April 2012): 4–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/swc.2012.0003.
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This article examines language instruction and religious and socio-political identity formation in nineteenth- and early twentieth-century American Protestant and French Jesuit missionary institutions in Lebanon. It compares French, English and Arabic language education policies at Saint Joseph University (Université Saint-Joseph), Syrian Protestant College (now the American University in Beirut) and the American Syria Mission schools under the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions and the Board of Foreign Missions of the Presbyterian Church in the USA. The article considers the mutual transformations in the encounter between missionaries and Lebanese students and addresses the relationship between language learning and educational, literary and nationalist development in the Middle East. Emphasising the agency of Arabic-speaking Ottoman subjects and their reciprocal relationship with missionaries, it argues that before the turn of the century, those individuals who acquired a foreign language and excelled in literary Arabic charted the course toward social, cultural and political change in the twentieth century.
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Matiash, Iryna. "Foreign Missions in Kyiv in the Period of the Directorate of Ukraine: Forced Returning Home." Diplomatic Ukraine, no. XX (2019): 53–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.37837/2707-7683-2019-3.
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The article construes diplomatic presence of foreign states in the period of the Ukrainian People’s Republic and the Ukrainian State in Kyiv as the entry of independent Ukraine to the international arena. It is emphasized that the activity of every foreign mission at that time merits separate study. It is highlighted that with the advent of the Directorate to power in December 2018, all diplomatic missions found themselves in similar circumstances as the unrelenting approach of the Bolsheviks to the capital of Ukraine threatened their presence in Kyiv. The article covers the issues of organizing cooperation with the new government, faced by both the representatives of the ‘old’ consular corps and envoys of the Hetman government, who did not cease their activity after the transition of power to the Directorate. The meeting of Volodymyr Vynnychenko, Symon Petliura, Fedir Shvets and Panas Andriievskyi at the railway station was mentioned. The meeting was also attended by thousands of Kyiv residents, as well as foreign representatives, such as Turkish envoy Mukhtar Bey, Finnish envoy Herman Gummerus, Bulgarian envoy Ivan Shishmanov, Ataman of the winter stanitsa of the All-Great Army of the Don General O. V. Cheriachukin, Consul of Switzerland, Duian of Consular Corps Gabriel Annie, Consul of Spain and Portugal Stelio Vasiliadi, not yet officially recognized Consul of Holland Timothy Fokker, representatives of Georgia, Armenia and Azerbaijan. The article examines the hopes and tactics of various diplomatic parties with regard to decisions made at the 1919 Paris Conference. It is argued that the Directorate not only demonstrated its loyalty to most of the foreign missions but also provided financial loans upon their duly substantiated requests. The article sheds light on the events of 22 January 1919 and the involvement therein of all foreign representatives, the departure of diplomatic missions and further activities of those who remained in Kyiv. Keywords: the Directorate, diplomatic missions, government, foreign representatives and figures.
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Tucker, Ruth. "Female Mission Strategists: A Historical and Contemporary Perspective." Missiology: An International Review 15, no. 1 (January 1987): 73–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009182968701500106.
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Although women have been very prominent in foreign missions for more than a century, they have generally played a secondary role in the field of missiology. Most mission boards and seminary faculties have been male-dominated, except for a time in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries when women formed their own “female agencies” and training schools. During this period women made significant practical and scholarly contributions to mission strategy. With the demise of the women's missionary movement, however, such opportunities sharply declined. That is now beginning to change. In recent decades women have once again become more involved in the strategy of missions, especially in areas involving women's work, cross-cultural communication, literature, education, lifestyle, urban ministries, and mission specializations.
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Zorgdrager, Heleen E. "Homemade Mission, Universal Civilization: Friedrich Schleiermacher’s Theology of Mission." Mission Studies 30, no. 2 (2013): 221–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15733831-12341286.
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Abstract Though it is generally acknowledged that Friedrich Schleiermacher (1768–1836) was the first to put mission studies in the curriculum of theology, the contents of his theology of mission are not very well known. This article offers a careful reconstruction of his mission theology based on a gender-critical and postcolonial reading of the main sources, in particular Christian Ethics. Schleiermacher made a case for a family-based type of mission, closely linking mission activity to religious education. He favored an organic and grassroots approach to mission. By highlighting his upbringing in the Moravian mission-oriented community and by analyzing his reluctance to morally justify modern foreign missions, the author replies to recently voiced criticisms that Schleiermacher’s theology takes a colonialist stance and contributes to the export of a “cult of female domesticity”. His views on the superiority of Christian religion can be counterbalanced and modified by his actual theology of the missional encounter. The article proposes to retrospectively regard Schleiermacher as one of the first theologians who convincingly expressed the notion of a missional church which is as inclusive as possible.
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Tańczuk, Renata. "Misyjne rzeczy. Kilka uwag o sprawczości rzeczy na Watykańskiej Wystawie Misyjnej w 1925 roku." Prace Kulturoznawcze 23, no. 2 (November 7, 2019): 123–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/0860-6668.23.2-3.8.
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Missionary things: Some remarks on the agency of things at the Missionary Exhibition held in Vatican in 1925Things brought by missionaries from mission countries were a testimony of cultural and civilizational differences, objects of scientific research, goods enabling acquisition of funds and new patrons. They were classified and valued according to new rules. They were to bear witness to the success of missions and encourage their continuation. The Missionary Exhibition held in Vatican in 1925 perfectly illustrates the scale of the missionary project of acquiring ethnographic objects. This paper presents the importance of foreign things and their agency in legitimizing missions.
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Fraser, Graham, and Robert Wolfe. "Diplomatic Missions: The Ambassador in Canadian Foreign Policy." International Journal 54, no. 2 (1999): 351. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/40203386.
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Blumhofer, Edith L. "Change and Continuity in American Protestant Foreign Missions." International Bulletin of Missionary Research 36, no. 3 (July 2012): 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/239693931203600302.
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Tokay-Ünal, Melike. "Mid-Nineteenth Century New England Women in Evangelical Foreign Missions: Seraphina Haynes Everett, A Missionary Wife in The Ottoman Mission Field." Turkish Historical Review 8, no. 1 (May 10, 2017): 75–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18775462-00801003.
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This article illustrates American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions’ support of the “missionary matrimony”, mid-nineteenth-century New England women’s perceptions of the missionary career obtained through matrimony, and their impressions of the Oriental mission fields and non-Christian or non-Protestant women, who were depicted as victims to be saved. A brief introduction to New England women’s involvement in foreign missions will continue with the driving force that led these women to leave the United States for far mission fields in the second part of the paper. This context will be exemplified with the story of a New England missionary wife. The analysis consists of the journal entries and letters of Seraphina Haynes Everett of Ottoman mission field. The writings of this woman from New England give detailed information about the spiritual voyage she was taking in the mid-nineteenth century Ottoman lands. In her letters to the United States, Everett described two Ottoman cities, Izmir (Smyrna) and Istanbul (Constantinople), and wrote about her impressions of Islam and Christianity as practiced in the Ottoman empire. Everett’s opinions of the Ottoman empire, which encouraged more American women to devote themselves to the education and to the evangelization of Armenian women of the Ottoman empire in the middle of the nineteenth century, conclude the paper.
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Räsänen, Antti, and Eila Helander. "Missionaries as Communicators of Foreign Cultures." Exchange 46, no. 3 (September 1, 2017): 285–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1572543x-12341448.
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Abstract This article examines the writings of Finnish missionaries: what the missionaries wrote about local people and cultures and how the content of their writings changed during the latter part of the 20th century, which was a period of major political and cultural change in the countries where the missionaries worked. The data consists of 526 writings published in the major Finnish mission journal Suomen Lähetyssanomat during the years 1946-1989. The primary methodological approach is quantitative, and the data is mainly analysed in a descriptive manner. Statistical tests are utilized to show the association between independent and dependent variables. The results are interpreted with the help of the concept of otherness. Missionaries’ writings reveal a more positive attitude towards local people than local cultures, but during the study period a change towards a more positive attitude to culture can be detected. The longer the history of Finnish missions in a particular region, the more positive the missionaries’ attitudes towards local people are. During the study period, the problem-oriented descriptions of cultures shift to solution-oriented descriptions. These changes indicate efforts towards a positive interpretation of otherness. The study reveals the possibilities that quantitative analysis may open up for mission studies.
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Ellis Pullen, Ann W., and Sarah Ruffing Robbins. "Managing Worship, Mothering Missions: Children’s Prayerful Performances Linking the United States and Angola in the Early Twentieth Century." International Bulletin of Mission Research 43, no. 3 (July 2019): 211–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2396939319832821.
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In writings by Nellie Arnott, who taught for the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions in Angola from 1905 to 1912, we find a complex interplay between affiliation and distancing in portrayals of her students and their communities. A somewhat different version of Arnott and her students appears in narratives written by editors and contributors to her main publication venue, Mission Studies: Woman’s Work in Foreign Lands. This essay investigates discursive tensions between her own narrative stance and that of her magazine managers, whose views on racial issues often displayed stereotypical bias against, and limited knowledge about, Angola.
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D'Almeida, Irina Bratosin, Rebekka Haffner, and Corinna Hörst. "Women in the CSDP: Strengthening the EU's Effectiveness as an International Player." European View 16, no. 2 (December 2017): 313–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12290-017-0467-1.
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Security and defence cooperation in the EU is being upgraded, and therefore the importance of the civilian missions and military operations launched in the framework of the Union's Common Security and Defence Policy (CSDP) is likely to increase. This article argues that much can be gained by improving the gender balance in CSDP missions and operations. The participation of female personnel in crisis management has a positive effect on operational effectiveness and contributes to the acceptance of the mission by the local population. Moreover, women deployed abroad play an important role in overcoming gender stereotypes and demonstrating the EU's commitment to gender equality. This article explores the reasons for the low number of women in CSDP missions and operations. It suggests ways to improve the gender balance at the national and EU levels, which would increase the EU's chances of resolving foreign affairs issues abroad.
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Markaryan, Maryna. "Organization and functioning of foreign diplomatic institutions of Ukraine: theoretical and legal aspect." Legal Ukraine 3, no. 3 (March 26, 2021): 57–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.37749/2308-9636-2021-3(219)-8.
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The article analyses the current legislation of Ukraine in the regulation of the diplomatic service, primarily related on the organization and functioning of foreign diplomatic institutions of Ukraine. The author explores the main innovations in the field of diplomatic service, in particular in the context of changes in the conceptual and categorical apparatus, system and elements of the diplomatic service, approaches to the organization and functioning of foreign diplomatic institutions of Ukraine. In the process of thorough analysis of the legislation of Ukraine, certain shortcomings in the current Law of Ukraine «On Diplomatic Service» and the Regulations on Foreign Diplomatic Institutions of Ukraine were identified, which in the future may cause problems in the application of law. The current state of the network of foreign diplomatic institutions of Ukraine (embassies, consulates and missions to international organizations) and the prospects for further expansion of Ukraine’s diplomatic presence in the world is shown. Based on the norms of international agreements, legislative and by-laws of Ukraine are described the procedure for the establishment and placement of foreign diplomatic institutions in Ukraine, the procedure for appointing their heads and outlining the functions entrusted to foreign institutions of Ukraine. Attention is also focused on an interesting novelty of the Law of Ukraine «On Diplomatic Service» – the introduction of a new type of foreign diplomatic institution – the Embassy of Ukraine with the residence of the Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of Ukraine in Kyiv. Although this norm exists only in the theoretical plane and has not been implemented in practice, but the Minister for Foreign Affairs of Ukraine Dmytro Kuleba sees great new prospects in this. Based on the results of the study, were singled out the main directions in which the reform of foreign institutions of Ukraine is carried out, as well as the author’s vision of the possible reasons that led to this process was expressed. Key words: foreign diplomatic institutions of Ukraine, diplomatic service, embassies of Ukraine, Consulate of Ukraine, permanent mission to international organizations, mission to international organizations, missions of Ukraine to international organizations, Law of Ukraine «On Diplomatic Service».
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Kling, David W. "The New Divinity and Williams College, 1793-1836*." Religion and American Culture: A Journal of Interpretation 6, no. 2 (1996): 195–223. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/rac.1996.6.2.03a00040.
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The story is a familiar one, found in nearly every narrative text of American religious history In the summer of 1806, five Williams College students met in a grove of trees to pray for divine guidance and to discuss their religious faith and calling. While seeking refuge from a summer rainstorm under a haystack, Samuel J. Mills, Jr., and the other four students consecrated their lives to overseas missions. This incident, later publicized as the Haystack Prayer Meeting, became the pivotal event in the launching of American Protestantism's foreign missionary movement. Mills and several comrades carried their vision from Williams to Andover Theological Seminary, where they created a more formal organization that eventually led to the establishment of the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions (ABCFM) in 1810. In the hagiography of missions, Mills is revered as the “father” of American foreign missions and Williams as the birthplace. Subsequently, Mills's “sons”—the alumni of Williams—followed precedent: from 1810 to 1840, Williams provided more missionaries to the ABCFM than any other American College.
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McAlister, Elizabeth. "Humanitarian Adhocracy, Transnational New Apostolic Missions, and Evangelical Anti-Dependency in a Haitian Refugee Camp." Nova Religio 16, no. 4 (February 2013): 11–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/nr.2013.16.4.11.
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This article addresses religious responses to disaster by examining how one network of conservative evangelical Christians reacted to the Haiti earthquake and the humanitarian relief that followed. The charismatic Christian New Apostolic Reformation (or Spiritual Mapping movement) is a transnational network that created the conditions for post-earthquake, internally displaced Haitians to arrive at two positions that might seem contradictory. On one hand, Pentecostal Haitian refugees used the movement’s conservative, right-wing theology to develop a punitive theodicy of the quake as God’s punishment of a sinful nation. On the other hand, rather than resign themselves to victimhood and passivity, their strict moralism allowed these evangelical refugees to formulate an uncompromising critique of the Haitian government, the United Nations peacekeeping mission, and foreign humanitarian relief. They rejected material humanitarian aid when possible and developed a stance of Christian self-sufficiency, anti-foreign-aid, and anti-dependency. They accepted visits only from American missionaries with “spiritual,” and not material, missions, and they launched their own missions to parts of Haiti unaffected by the quake.
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Winter, Ralph D. "Book Review: Global Mission, a Story to Tell: An Interpretation of Southern Baptist Foreign Missions." Missiology: An International Review 15, no. 1 (January 1987): 136–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009182968701500135.
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Doğan, Cem, and Ünal Arslan. "Political Globalization and Foreign Direct Investment Inflows in Turkey." International Journal of Business and Social Research 6, no. 5 (June 26, 2016): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.18533/ijbsr.v6i5.960.
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<p>This article examines the impact of political globalization on foreign direct investment inflows to Turkey. Existence of foreign missions in a country, membership in international organizations, participation in U.N. Security Council Missions, and International Treaties are all seen as indicators political globalization. Using different econometric techniques, this study aims to find out whether any empirical relationship between political globalization and FDI exists. The analysis in this article covers the period in Turkey between 1970-2012. The results of cointegration analysis provide no an evidence of a long-run or short run any relationship political globalization and FDI.</p>
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Norton, H. Wilbert. "The Student Foreign Missions Fellowship over Fifty-Five Years." International Bulletin of Missionary Research 17, no. 1 (January 1993): 17–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/239693939301700105.
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Loughlin, Clare. "Concepts of Mission in Scottish Presbyterianism: The SSPCK, the Highlands and Britain's American Colonies, 1709–40." Studies in Church History 54 (May 14, 2018): 190–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/stc.2017.12.
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This article examines the Society in Scotland for Propagating Christian Knowledge (SSPCK) and its missions in the Highlands and Britain's American colonies. Constituted in 1709 and operating as an auxiliary arm of the Church of Scotland, the SSPCK aimed to extend Christianity in ‘Popish and Infidel parts of the world’. It founded numerous Highland charity schools, and from 1729 sponsored missions to Native Americans in New England and Georgia. Missions were increasingly important in British overseas expansion; consequently, historians have viewed the society as a civilizing agency, which deployed religious instruction to assimilate ‘savage’ heathens into the fold of Britain's empire. This article suggests that the SSPCK was equally concerned with Christianization: missionaries focused on spiritual edification for the salvation of souls, indicating a disjuncture between the society's objectives and the priorities of imperial expansion. It also challenges the parity assumed by historians between the SSPCK's domestic and foreign missions, arguing that the society increasingly prioritized colonial endeavours in an attempt to recover providential favour. In doing so, it sheds new light on Scottish ideas of mission during the first half of the eighteenth century, and reassesses the Scottish Church's role in Britain's emerging empire.
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Fadhilah, Asshinaz Noor. "Identifying East Java Trade Interest Through Paradiplomacy Initiatives - Analysis on Actors, Processes and Goals of Diplomacy." Indonesian Journal of Social Development 1, no. 4 (May 3, 2024): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.47134/jsd.v1i4.2381.
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This research explores the paradiplomacy activities of the East Java Government's Department of Industry and Trade in improving international trade relations. Through initiatives such as business matching, trade fairs, and foreign trade missions, the government collaborates with trade attachés, ITPCs, and foreign trade representatives to promote Indonesian exports and attract foreign investment. By achieving strong trade performance, East Java has succeeded in attracting investment, increasing export value, and actively contributing to Indonesia's international trade. This study emphasizes the important role of local governments in advancing international trade for regional development and national interests. Through programs such as business matching, foreign trade missions, international exhibitions and market brief webinars. The East Java government uses paradiplomacy to strengthen international trade relations. This research underlines the role of subnational actors in increasing economic growth and Indonesia's foreign trade balance.
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Paas, Stefan. "The Making of a Mission Field: Paradigms of Evangelistic Mission in Europe." Exchange 41, no. 1 (2012): 44–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157254312x618799.
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Abstract Since the Second World War Europe has increasingly been considered as a ‘mission field’. Sometimes it is suggested that this belief could only emerge after the collapse of the colonial empires, effectively abolishing the difference between the ‘Christian’ and the ‘pagan’ world. However, this is only partially true. There has always been a strong undercurrent within European churches, especially among missionary practitioners, that Europe was not all that ‘Christian’, even when its institutions and laws were influenced by Christianity. In this article I argue that this consciousness even increased in the post-Reformation centuries. In fact, ‘home missions’ were in every bit a part of the great Protestant missionary movement, just as ‘foreign missions’. Before the 20th century the awareness of Europe as a mission field was embodied in two missionary paradigms that I have termed ‘confessional’ and ‘revivalist’. In the 20th century a new paradigm emerged that I have called ‘ideological’.
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Pomozova, Natal'ya B. "ON STRENGTHENING CHINA'S DIPLOMATIC STRATEGY AND SOME FEATURES OF THE PERSONNEL POLICY REGARDING THE HEADS OF THE PRC DIPLOMATIC MISSIONS." RSUH/RGGU Bulletin. Series Political Sciences. History. International Relations, no. 3 (2020): 50–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2073-6339-2020-3-50-58.
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The article attempts to trace some features of the China diplomatic strategy in the context of the global confrontation between the United States and the PRC. Diplomacy is an essential foreign policy tool of any state. In the era of mass media and communication, diplomatic agents face new realities, while their role in implementing the foreign policy strategy is increasing due to the relevance of a new type of confrontation – the information and hybrid wars. Traditionally, the United States remained the leader in the number of diplomatic missions abroad; however, in 2019 China was ahead of its main competitor in that respect. The geographical choice in opening new diplomatic missionsis an indicator ofthe country’sforeign policy priorities. Thus,the work of the new Chinese embassies helped to reduce the number of countries recognizing the Republic of Taiwan down to 15. An analysis of the personnel policy regarding the heads of the diplomatic missions of the PRC in the “key” areas has revealed some features that affect the working style of the ambassadors. The factor of strengthening the influence of the PRC in reputable international organizations through its diplomatic agents, which has traditionally been the prerogative of the United States, also demonstrates the offensive ambitions of China’s foreign policy strategy.
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van der Heyden, Ulrich. "The Archives and Library of the Berlin Mission Society." History in Africa 23 (January 1996): 411–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3171952.
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This paper highlights a rich source of history of the cultures of foreign peoples hitherto referred to little by academics—the archive and library of the Berlin Mission Society, now the Berliner Missionswerk. It will discuss the immense opportunities that the library and the archives offer for academic research. It is not intended to be a history of the Berlin Mission Society or its institutions but will rather suggest initial points of interest for further investigation. I shall also refer to the present state of research in both history and anthropology of foreign peoples based on an assessment of the materials available in the mission societies in the former German Democratic Republic. This paper then is less a contribution to theoretical problems than an attempt to draw the attention of historians, anthropologists and others to the resources of the Berlin Mission Society.In the street called Georgenkirchstrasse, No. 70, in East Berlin, opposite the fairy tale Fountain of Friedrichshain and the famous park, is the Berlin Mission House, built in 1873—the location of the Berlin Mission Society, founded in 1824. Until 1991 the latter was called the Ecumenical Missionary Centre/Berlin Mission Society (Ökumenisch-Missionarisches Zentrum/Berliner Missionsgesellschaft).As one of the largest missionary societies, its missionaries have worked since the mid-nineteenth century in South Africa and later in China and East Africa. In the long history of the Berlin Mission many printed and unpublished texts, as well as drawings, maps, and photographs were collected. The archives retain 270 meters of file. There are also the records of other missions, as well as the largest specialist library for missions and ecumenical movements (50,000 volumes and scholarly papers) in the former GDR.
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Kling, David W. "The New Divinity and the Origins of the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions." Church History 72, no. 4 (December 2003): 791–819. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0009640700097389.
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The theological influence of the New Divinity in the formation and character of the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions (ABCFM) is uncontested among scholars of American religious history and missions. Since the mid nineteenth century, both partisans of missions and nearly all scholarly observers have attributed the origins of the modern American Protestant missionary spirit to the writings of Jonathan Edwards and his self-appointed heirs, those Congregational ministers who came to be called New Divinity men. Edwards proposed a theology of cosmic redemption and supplied the exemplary missionary model in Life of Brainerd (1749), his most popular and most frequently reprinted work. Samuel Hopkins then furnished a theological rationale for missions by revising Edwards' aesthetic concept of “disinterested benevolence” into a practical one of self-denial for the greater glory of God's kingdom and the betterment of humankind.
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Bruner, Jason. "Inquiring into Empire: Princeton Seminary’s Society of Inquiry on Missions, the British Empire, and the Opium Trade, Ca. 1830‐1850." Mission Studies 27, no. 2 (2010): 194–219. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157338310x536438.
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AbstractPrinceton Seminary was intimately involved in the North American foreign missions movement in the nineteenth century. One remarkable dimension of this involvement came through the student-led Society of Inquiry on Missions, which sought to gather information about the global state of the Christian mission enterprise. This paper examines the Society’s correspondence with Protestant missionaries in China regarding their attitudes to the British Empire in the years 1830‐1850. It argues that the theological notion of providence informed Princetonians’ perceptions of the world, which consequently dissociated the Christian missionary task with any particular nation or empire. An examination of the Society of Inquiry’s correspondence during the mid-nineteenth century reveals much about Protestant missionaries and their interactions with the opium trade and the results of the First Opium War (1839‐1842). Princetonians’ responses to the opium trade and the First Opium War led ultimately to a significant critique of western commercial influence in East Asia. In conclusion, this paper questions the extent to which commerce, empire, and Christian missions were inherently associated in nineteenth century American Protestant missionary activity.
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Diller, Lisa Clark. "Keeping up with the Catholics: Protestant Evangelism in the Late 17th Century." Exchange 51, no. 3 (November 28, 2022): 199–214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1572543x-bja10002.
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Abstract James II’s reign opened up space for Catholic mission activity within England. Priests, both foreign and English-born, set up public worship services that were open for visitors to attend. A wave of pamphlets explaining the Roman Catholic faith rolled over the country, and converts were encouraged to publish their stories of leaving Protestantism. Schools were opened, apparently attended by both Catholics and Protestants. And the important pastoral work of invigorating English Catholics, educating them and encouraging them in piety, began. Devout Protestants immediately recognized the efficacy of these missions and admired how quickly they worked. Beginning in the reign of James, they argued that they should also be doing such missional work. This paper looks at what Catholics prioritized in their work in England under James II, and how English Protestants referenced those examples in their own work after 1688.
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Borowska-Beszta, Beata, and Aleksandra Pakieła. "Acquired disability during foreign missions in male war veterans Case study report of wives’ voice." Interdyscyplinarne Konteksty Pedagogiki Specjalnej, no. 32 (March 15, 2021): 137–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/ikps.2021.32.08.
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The article is a qualitative research report written from the theoretical perspective of disability studies. Qualitative research, case study, carried out for the purposes of this article, concerns learning about disabilities acquired in husbands a war veterans by their wives. The place of research is military culture, while the aim is to understand the essence of what wives learned about the disability of their husbands during the entire process of adaptation to life with a disability after returning from a mission, against the background of life in military culture. The theoretical part of the article contains a review of world literature with an emphasis on defining acquired disability. The very phenomenon of acquiring disability by veterans during military missions and its background, i.e. the anthropological phenomenon of culture shock, were analyzed. The empirical part of this article is a qualitative report of 3 case studies and 3 voices of war veterans’ wives. The research question in this report was formulated as follows: What did the wives learn about the acquired disability of their own veterans’ husbands after their return from military missions abroad? Research results generated after coding and categorization analyzes (Gibbs, 2011) indicate categories that answer the main research question and sub-questions in the following contexts: (a) acquired disability, (b) military support, (c) veterans’ privileges (d) auto-marginalization of veterans (e) wives’ infirmity, (f) alcohol and domestic violence, (g) before suicide, (h) wives suggesting changes in the support of veterans with acquired disabilities. The results of the analyzes indicate that the wives learned about the symptoms and characteristics of their husbands’ disabilities (mental and physical) and, additionally, they learned about the secondary disability (auto-marginalization, alcohol or drug addiction, domestic violence, escalation of suicidal thoughts) during adaptation after military missions.
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Potapova, Natalya. "Mission of Foreign Protestants in Russia on the Eve and during the Great Russian Revolution and the Civil War." ISTORIYA 12, no. 8 (106) (2021): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s207987840016693-1.
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Based on the study of a wide range of sources (published and unpublished), the article explores the activities of foreign Protestant missions in Russia on the eve and during the years of the revolution, the Civil War and foreign intervention (1917—1922). The intensification of the bilateral process of interaction between Russian and foreign Protestantism during the years of the revolution, the Civil War and the intervention in Russia under the conditions of the proclaimed freedom of conscience and the absence of legislative restrictions on missionary activity, was associated, both with the global missionary designs of foreign, primarily American missionary and Christian humanitarian organizations, and with the internal trends in the development of the domestic Evangelical-Baptist community, which has set as its goal the large-scale evangelization of Russia. Using the example of the largest denominations — Evangelical Christianity and Baptism, the impact of foreign missionaries and missionary organizations on domestic Protestantism is studied, the main countries-“importers” of the mission, its goals, methods and forms of missionary work, the main directions of interaction with Russian believers are identified.
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Crouch, Mark. "The proper college." Christian Journal for Global Health 4, no. 1 (March 9, 2017): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.15566/cjgh.v4i1.157.
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Some involved in medical missions suggest that expatriate physicians seeing individual patients in the developing world represents an unsustainable paradigm. As an alternative way for foreign doctors to conduct medical missions, healthcare education is advocated. Health education as missions represents an important and powerful tool to use in reaching the world through medicine. However, physicians who practice seeing individual patients may be best positioned to educate national doctors and health workers. Also, the example and commands of Christ compel Christian physicians to care for the global poor and needy. Clinical medicine therefore represents a vital modality to properly teach medicine in missions.
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Yarrington, Landon. "The (Im)possibilit y of Time Travel: Haiti ’s Pre- and Post-Earthquake Futures." New West Indian Guide / Nieuwe West-Indische Gids 86, no. 3-4 (January 1, 2012): 302–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/13822373-90002419.
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Review of:Travesty in Haiti: A True Account of Christian Missions, Orphanages, Fraud, Food Aid and Drug Trafficking [second edition]. Timothy T. Schwartz. Charleston SC: Booksurge, 2010. xlvii + 262 pp. (Paper US$ 15.99)Haiti in the Balance: Why Foreign Aid Has Failed and What We Can Do About It. Terry Buss . Washington DC: Brookings Institute Press, 2008. xvi + 230 pp. (Paper US$ 28.95)Backpacks Full of Hope: The UN Mission in Haiti. Eduardo Aldunate. Waterloo ON: Wilfrid Laurier University Press, 2010. xx + 230 pp. (Paper US$ 34.95)
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Marchewka, Marek. "Weterani poszkodowani. Rzeczywistość życia po powrocie z misji." Ekonomia 23, no. 1 (March 15, 2017): 113–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/2084-4093.23.1.10.
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Injuried veterans. The reality of life after returning from a missionThis publication is devoted to problems of veterans injured returnees to the country after missions beyond the borders of our state. Polish military missions have existed for over 60 years. It was a total of 80 operations and foreign missions in wich participated our soldiers and military personnel. Over those 60 years did not return to the country in 1142 participants, including 22 killed in Iraq and 39 in Afghanistan. The first three Polish soldiers were killed in 1955 in a helicopter crash in Korea. They were using the language of military losses irreversible, but in addition to the dead, we must realize that in the course of carring out their duties in additions to the dead and wounded are also victims who return to the homeland. During the operations in the Middle East were injured 500 Poles. 10 years of polish participation in the Afghan war victims have been injured and more than 600 injured, 300 seriously injured. What the Polish state mode to compensate former participants of the mission their services abroad, when they became veterans injured. Undoubtedly step facing front of the long term expectations of many victims of the Mission is the Act 19 August 2011 by veterans of activities outside the country, wich is decidated to this publication.
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Butler, Jon, and William R. Hutchison. "Errand to the World: American Protestant Thought and Foreign Missions." Journal of Interdisciplinary History 19, no. 3 (1989): 528. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/204389.
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Lopičić-Jančić, Jelena, and Ljubica Vasić. "Foreign medical missions in Serbia in the First World War." Megatrend revija 16, no. 3 (2019): 15–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/megrev1903015l.
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