Relevant bibliographies by topics / Foreign trade transactions

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Foreign trade transactions'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 2 June 2025
Last updated: 31 July 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Foreign trade transactions"

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Lin, Yu. "Research on Optimization of Steel Foreign Trade Financial Transaction Based on Blockchain Technology." Mobile Information Systems 2022 (August 23, 2022): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/5759154.

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For many years, China’s steel exports have been winning with low prices. As the upstream iron ore price rises, the profit margin is compressed while many problems are exposed. The author has constructed a SWOT-AHP model for the cross-border financial transaction link of steel foreign trade and analyze the main factors affecting the financial transactions of steel foreign trade by calculating the weights within the SWOT group and among the factors and ranking them. The results show that transaction credit risk, long and inefficient settlement cycle, changes in steel tax rebate policy, high cros
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Fal'chenko, Oksana, Elena Stremousova, and Artem Eremin. "Comprehensive methodology for assessing risks in foreign trade transactions." Theoretical economics, no. 11 (December 29, 2024): 96–110. https://doi.org/10.52957/2221-3260-2024-11-96-110.

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The relevance of the study is due to the insufficient development of a systematic approach to risk management at each stage of a foreign trade transaction, which is especially important in the context of increased uncertainty and external challenges, as well as the need to create a comprehensive methodological toolkit that allows identifying, assessing and minimizing the risks typical for all stages of foreign trade transactions. The purpose of the study is to develop and test a comprehensive methodology for assessing the risks of a foreign trade transaction, which includes a methodological to
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Civelek, Mustafa Emre, Murat Çemberci, Nagehan Uca, Ümit Çelebi, and Abdurrahman Özalp. "Challenges of Paperless Trade: Redesign of the Foreign Trade Processes and Bundling Functions of Traditional Documents." International Business Research 10, no. 2 (2017): 74. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ibr.v10n2p74.

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Technological innovations in recent years have resulted in paper based documentation will be completely abandoned in all business processes, however the paper-based processes still prevail in foreign trade transactions due to complicated business processes. Institution and companies in different countries involved in foreign trade transactions. Therefore integrative solutions are needed. This paper seeks to put forward a methodology to pave the way to the future international trade. Therefore we developed a taxonomical approach to this clutter in order to partially surmount the integration pro
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Suleymanov, I., and Payzieva Komila. "Ways to Finance International Trade in Foreign Practice." International Journal Of Management And Economics Fundamental 5, no. 4 (2025): 71–75. https://doi.org/10.37547/ijmef/volume05issue04-12.

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Financing international trade is a critical aspect of global commerce, enabling businesses to engage in cross-border transactions while managing various risks associated with currency fluctuations, payment defaults, and political instability. This article explores the various methods employed to finance international trade, including Letters of Credit (LCs), trade credit, trade finance loans, factoring, export credit insurance, foreign exchange contracts, and emerging tools like blockchain and cryptocurrencies. Each method offers distinct advantages and challenges, depending on the size of the
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Khudzhatov, M. B., and V. Y. Vakhrushev. "Current problems of currency operations in foreign economic activities." Mezhdunarodnaja jekonomika (The World Economics), no. 3 (March 28, 2023): 153–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/vne-04-2303-01.

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International trade in goods is one of the most important tools for the development of the world economy. International trade meets the needs of the countries of the world in various goods, the production of which is absent in this country or does not fully satisfy domestic demand. Almost all countries in the world are interested in the development of international trade in goods. On the one hand, countries provide domestic needs through international trade. On the other hand, commodity supplies to international markets contribute to the infl ow of foreign exchange earnings into the country, t
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Putra, I. Wayan Dodi M., Ni Luh Made Mahendrawati, and Ni Komang A. Styawati. "Tindak Pidana di Bidang Perbankan dalam Transaksi Perdagangan Luar Negeri dengan Menggunakan Letter Of Credit." Jurnal Konstruksi Hukum 3, no. 2 (2022): 455–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.55637/jkh.3.2.4895.455-459.

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Letter of Credit/LC is an interbank payment transaction instrument whose legal arrangements have been established both nationally and internationally. In this study, the writer wants to know how the regulation of criminal acts in the banking sector against foreign transactions through letters of credit, and the criminal sanctions that make the issuing bank a victim in foreign trade transactions using the letter of credit , uses this type of normative research. sources of primary, secondary, and tertiary rules. This thesis uses the type of search, recording and documentation Analysis of legal s
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Singh, Ram. "KEY DRIVERS FOR SALES ON HIGH SEA TRANSACTIONS: ISM ENABLED EVIDENCE FROM INDIAN TRADING FIRMS." International Journal of Business & Economics (IJBE) 6, no. 1 (2021): 144–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.58885/ijbe.v06i1.144.rs.

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Trade benefits all and no nation is ever ruined by foreign trade. Globally, the policy makers have considered foreign trade as an engine of economic growth, employment generation and foreign exchange accumulations. Sales in High Sea Transaction, also known as High Sea Sales or “String Sales” which takes place beyond the territorial waters of the country of export and the country of import, are considered vital to the economic needs of developing countries like India for a variety of reasons. With disruptions in global supply chain operations due to global pandemic, protective national polices,
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Karimov, N. "International Relations and Audit Process of Import Operations." Bulletin of Science and Practice 5, no. 12 (2019): 316–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.33619/2414-2948/49/37.

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This article reveals the development of foreign economic activity in Uzbekistan, international relations and the audit process of import operations. It also sets out the legal basis for regulating foreign trade transactions carried out on the basis of international law and the terms of the foreign trade contract of sale. Foreign trade operations have also been studied, which have significant features due to legal regulation, the composition of foreign economic transactions, the procedure for fulfilling obligations under contracts and the system of applied calculations, which imposes additional
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Imamova, Dilfuza. "Improvement of legal regulation of foreign economic transactions in the Republic of Uzbekistan." Общество и инновации 1, no. 2 (2020): 94–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.47689/2181-1415-vol1-iss2-pp94-104.

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The article deals with issues related to improving the legal regulation of foreign economic transactions in the Republic of Uzbekistan. It is determined that foreign economic transaction is a transaction in which one party is a foreign company or a commercial enterprise located in another state, the trade focused on the import or export abroad and to use in settlements with counterparty foreign currency. It was found out that some types of foreign economic transactions are not reflected in the national legislation of the Republic of Uzbekistan, namely distribute and forfeiting contracts.
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Wagner, Joachim. "Active on Many Foreign Markets: A Portrait of German Multi-market Exporters and Importers from Manufacturing Industries." Jahrbücher für Nationalökonomie und Statistik 238, no. 2 (2018): 157–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jbnst-2017-0123.

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Abstract This paper uses information on more than 160 million export and import transactions by German firms from 2009 to 2012 to document the decisive role of multi-market traders that are active on many foreign markets, where a market is defined as a combination of a good traded and a country traded with. Using merged information from trade transactions and from surveys conducted by the statistical offices it is shown that, controlling for detailed industry affiliation, the number of foreign markets a firm from manufacturing industries is active on as an exporter or importer is higher in fir
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Foreign trade transactions"

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Rossouw, Mandi. "The harmonisation of rules on the recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments in the southern African customs union." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2013. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_2281_1380785721.

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<p>The Member States of the Southern African Customs Union (SACU) have set as their objectives, amongst others, the facilitation of cross-border movement of goods between the territories of the Member States and the promotion of the integration of Member States into the global economy through enhanced trade and investment. Different approaches to the recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments by Member States and the risk of non-enforcement may lead to legal uncertainty and increased transaction cost for prospective traders, which ultimately act as non-tariff barriers to trade in the reg
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Hoonsawat, Ratidanai. "Three essays in international trade and development." Related electronic resource: Current Research at SU : database of SU dissertations, recent titles available, full text:, 2008. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/syr/main.

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Backlund, Eric, and Jonathan Sörensson. "Valuta och internationellt bistånd : Svenska biståndsorganisationers hantering av valutaköp och valutarisk." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Företagsekonomi, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-120387.

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Bakgrund: Biståndsorganisationer (NGOs) är verksamma i hela världen och exponeras följaktligen mot valutarisk. Organisationerna hanterar biståndsmedel i så väl vanliga som ovanliga valutor när de på olika sätt finansierar lokala samarbetspartners. Andelen forskning om hur biståndsorganisationer hanterar valutaköp och valutarisk är begränsad och denna studie avser att studera området ytterligare. Syfte: Studien ämnar att utifrån riskhanteringsteori samt best practice analysera problematiken kring exponeringen mot valutarisk för svenska NGOs samt dess biståndsmottagare. Syftet är även att på det
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Палій, А. С. "Напрями удосконалення зовнішньоекономічних операцій торгового підприємства(на прикладі ТОВ «Індустріальний союз»)". Thesis, 2018. http://dspace.oneu.edu.ua/jspui/handle/123456789/8004.

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У роботі розглядаються теоретичні аспекти визначення економічної ефективності зовнішньоекономічної діяльності, узагальнені фактори впливу на імпорт та визначені методи її розрахунку. Проаналізовано результати фінансово-господарської діяльності підприємства, проведено аналіз факторів, що впливають на імпортну діяльність, визначено ефективність імпортних операцій підприємства. Запропоновано рекомендації щодо удосконалення зовнішньоторговельної діяльності підприємства та підвищення її ефективності.<br>Diploma thesis deals with theoretical aspects of determination of economic efficiency of foreig
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Бабенко, Ж. С. "Підвищення ефективності зовнішньоторговельної діяльності приладобудівних підприємств (на прикладі ТОВ «Телекарт-Прилад»)". Thesis, 2018. http://dspace.oneu.edu.ua/jspui/handle/123456789/7994.

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Кваліфікаційна робота магістра складається з трьох розділів. Об’єкт дослідження – процес здійснення зовнішньоторговельної діяльності приладобудівним підприємством та її ефективність на прикладі ТОВ «Телекарт-Прилад». У роботі розглядаються теоретичні аспекти визначення економічної ефективності зовнішньоекономічної діяльності, узагальнені фактори впливу на економічну ефективність та визначені методи її розрахунку. Проаналізовано результати фінансово-господарської діяльності підприємства, проведено аналіз факторів, що впливають на зовнішньоторговельну діяльність, визначено ефективність експорт
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Peranginangin, Yessy Arnold. "How foreign trades affect domestic market liquidity: a transaction level analysis." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/84758.

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The extant literature has documented the significance of foreign trades on domestic markets as well as the importance of commonality in liquidity in a market, but it seems to be silent on how foreign trades affect commonality in liquidity, especially at the transaction level. The lack of research that investigates this line of enquiry provides the overarching research theme for this thesis. To investigate the research theme I use transaction data from the Indonesian Stock Exchange (IDX) that allows me to identify the trading activities of foreign-versus-domestic investors on a trade-by-trade b
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Books on the topic "Foreign trade transactions"

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Koh, Harold H. International business transactions. Faculty of Law, University of Toronto, 1990.

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Castel, Jean Gabriel. Materials on international business transactions. Osgoode Hall Law School, York University], 1991.

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A, Brand Ronald, ed. Fundamentals of international business transactions: Documents. Kluwer Law International, 2000.

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Friedland, Jerold A. Understanding international business and financial transactions. LexisNexis, 2002.

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Friedland, Jerold A. Understanding international business and financial transactions. LexisNexis, 2002.

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Javade, Chaudhri, and University of Maryland at College Park. Institutional Reform and the Informal Sector Center., eds. International commercial transactions in the West Bank and Gaza: Model contracts and commentary. IRIS Center, 1996.

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Fellmeth, Aaron Xavier. The law of international business transactions. West, 2009.

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Fellmeth, Aaron Xavier. The law of international business transactions. West, 2009.

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DiMatteo, Larry A. The law of international business transactions. Thomson/South-Western West, 2003.

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Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service, ed. Statutory restrictions on trade and financial transactions with the Soviet Union. Congressional Research Service, Library of Congress, 1991.

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Book chapters on the topic "Foreign trade transactions"

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Torgo, Luis, Welma Pereira, and Carlos Soares. "Detecting Errors in Foreign Trade Transactions: Dealing with Insufficient Data." In Progress in Artificial Intelligence. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-04686-5_36.

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Гончарова, Аліна В’ячеславівна. "Глава 8. Договори між спадкоємцями щодо розподілу спадщини". У Серія «Процесуальні науки». Видавництво "Алерта", 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.59835/978-617-566-765-1-3-8.

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The conclusion of contracts was known in ancient times and is still relevant today. Shares that are not distributed in kind can cause certain difficulties that force the interested parties to decide on distribution.Joint ownership of inherited property received from a family member necessitates joint decision-making on its maintenance, ownership, use, and disposal, and it is difficult to achieve such a consensus on all issues. Therefore, quite often a certain period may pass from the acquisition of the right to a share in the joint property to its distribution, but due to conflicts regarding t
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"Regulation of Foreign Trade Transactions." In Introduction to Business Law in Russia. Routledge, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315589688-11.

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"Trade and Capital Liberalization and International Trade Policy." In A History of Japanese Trade and Industry Policy, edited by Mikio Sumiya. Oxford University PressOxford, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198292517.003.0022.

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Abstract One more important characteristic of the growth-centred Japanese economy in the 1960s was the progress made in the liberalization of trade, foreign-exchange transactions, and external capital transactions. Liberalization of trade and foreign exchange, which had been an important task in Japan’s international trade policy, made rapid progress in the first half of the 1960s.
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Matsushita, Mitsuo. "Foreign Trade and Investment Laws." In International Trade and Competition Law in Japan. Oxford University PressOxford, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198254409.003.0003.

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Abstract The laws regulating international trade and investment are numerous. If we take a broad definition of laws and regulations which affect international trade and investment, the major parts of the Civil Code which deal with contracts and properties and those of the Commercial Code dealing with corporations and commercial transactions are relevant. However, laws dealing with private transactions such as contract laws and corpora-tion laws will be treated in other volumes in this series. In this book, our focus is on the public regulation of international trade and investment.
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Swenson, Deborah. "Foreign Investment Transactions and International Trade Linkages." In Multinational Firms and Impacts on Employment, Trade and Technology. Routledge, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203166703.ch5.

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Ramirez, Pedro. "The Foreign Trade Software Control." In Emerging Technologies and Digital Transformation in the Manufacturing Industry. IGI Global, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-6684-8088-5.ch002.

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There is a much biger world behind a company's import or export transactions than meets the eye, and understanding the inferences that suffer by not having proper administration through customs software is important. Being a company of the IMMEX program in Mexico is critical, and when there is the need to change software, a company will face a series of challenges with which they will have to demonstrate the administrative skills of the project leader and the rest of the personnel involved.
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Sauvant, Karl P. "Growth of International Transactions in Data Services." In Trade and Foreign Direct Investment in Data Services. Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429269486-4.

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Sauvant, Karl P. "Policies in International Transactions in Data Services." In Trade and Foreign Direct Investment in Data Services. Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429269486-5.

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"Convention on Combating Bribery of Foreign Public Officials in International Business Transactions, 1997." In International Trade Law Statutes and Conventions 2011-2013. Routledge, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203722886-74.

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Conference papers on the topic "Foreign trade transactions"

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Воронченко, Тамара. "Modern trends in russian accounting, control, customs and taxation of foreign trade transactions." In International Scientific Conference on Accounting ISCA 2024. Academy of Economic Studies of Moldova, 2024. https://doi.org/10.53486/isca2024.16.

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The article presents the results of a study of modern trends in Russian accounting, control and taxation of foreign trade operations caused by the global financial crisis, including the mutual sanctions policy of Russia and Western countries. The traditional difficulties of accounting, control and taxation arising from the specifics of foreign trade operations are highlighted, as well as the reasons for their aggravation when additional challenges, risks and threats arise in the studied area. Special attention is paid to the problems that have arisen due to the complication of Russia's economi
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Voronkova, O. N., and D. N. Voronkova. "NATIONAL SPECIFICS OF THE USE OF BUSINESS CUSTOMS INCOTERMS 2020 IN FOREIGN TRADE TRANSACTIONS." In Scientific research of the SCO countries: synergy and integration. Crossref, 2025. https://doi.org/10.34660/inf.2025.10.67.006.

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The implementation of foreign trade transactions is based on the choice of the delivery basis in accordance with Incoterms®. At the same time, many participants in foreign economic activity (FEA) underestimate the influence of national legal frameworks on the use of standardized requirements. Accordingly, the purpose of this article is to analyze the features of applying Incoterms 2020 in the practice of partners from different countries and to develop recommendations for their consideration in contracts.
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SMUTKA, Luboš, Miroslav SVATOŠ, and Mansoor MAITAH. "CZECH AGRARIAN FOREIGN TRADE COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGES DISTRIBUTION: TRANSFORMATION PROCESS." In RURAL DEVELOPMENT. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2017.150.

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This paper primarily focuses on Czech agrarian foreign trade comparative advantage issues. The structure and comparative advantages distribution are analyzed in the period before (2001) and after the Czech EU accession (2015/2016). The main central aim of this paper is to identify and analyze changes in comparative advantages distribution and trade commodity structure which have occurred. Trade structure and comparative advantages distribution are analysed in relation to the EU and rest of the World (Developing countries, OECD members, CIS, etc.). Commodity structure (we applied HS system) is
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Banica, Elena. "Considerente privind evoluția comerțului exterior ante și post crize internaționale." In Economic growth in the conditions of globalization. International Scientific-Practical Conference, XVIth edition. National Institute for Economic Research, 2022. https://doi.org/10.36004/nier.cecg.i.2022.16.4.

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The reduction in global trade in 2020 was smaller than during the global financial crisis of 2008-2009, but the impact of COVID-19 was marked by the heterogeneity of certain goods and trading partners. Globally, trade in services has declined more and the recovery after the lock-down has been slower than in the case of trade in goods. The structure of foreign trade by category of goods has changed in the context of significant disruptions in the international transport sector. Although it is currently unknown which changes will have long-term and short-term effects, the unprecedented heterogen
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Noyan Yalman, İlkay, Özcan Işık, and Şerife Merve Koşaroğlu. "Export-Led Growth Model and External Debt in Turkey." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c08.01917.

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After the 1980s, as the globalization movement accelerated, countries increased their foreign trade transactions. In with this process, import-based growth model was abandoned in the Turkish economy and an export-based growth model is adopted. The export-led growth model increased export revenues started to, growth has gained speed, however, due to fact that the industry is dependent on imported inputs, started to increase external balance and current account deficit problems. In addition, there have economic growth that is not create employment due to insufficient savings and investments. For
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Ertuğrul, Ali, and Berkay Cihan. "The Effect of "Political Economy" on International Trade through Double Taxation Avoidance Agreements and the Case of Türkiye – Kyrgyzstan." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c16.02929.

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This paper studies the taxation regime, which is one of the tools of "Re-Political Economy," and tax policies, economic agents, political factors, and fiscal policy in this scope. This paper also examines the Agreement on Double Tax Avoidance, which was signed in Ankara on August 26, 1999, between Turkey and Kyrgyzstan under the taxation regime. Political economy, starting from the 15th century to the present day, has not been conceptually consensus due to the natural changes of the concepts of society, state and trade in history, and has sometimes been included in the science of morality and
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Krasnykh, S. S. "Оценка вклада сквозных цифровых технологий в развитие внешнеторговой деятельности регионов России". У XXI International Conference of Young Scientists. Institute of Economics of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.17059/mkmu2024-25.

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Digitalisation is one of the main trends of economic and social development in the 21st century. Digitalisation covers practically all spheres of human and state activity, including foreign trade. The study aims to assess the contribution of digital technologies such as big data, the Internet of Things, artificial intelligence and digital platforms to the development of foreign trade activity in Russian using panel data regression analysis. The research results confirm the significant contribution of digitalisation to the development of foreign trade activity, especially imports, in particular
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Stoian, Eugeniu, and Carolina Andronic. "Sustainability of freight logistics in the Republic of Moldova." In The 5th Economic International Conference “Competitiveness and sustainable development“. Technical University of Moldova, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.52326/csd2023.21.

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The sustainability of freight logistics activity in the Republic of Moldova is a topic of great importance in the current context of climate change and global concerns related to environmental protection. The objective of this study is to analyze how freight logistics activities can be carried out in a sustainable manner in the Republic of Moldova, taking into account aspects related to energy efficiency, reducing greenhouse gas emissions and minimizing environmental impact. The international economy offers vast opportunities to stimulate economic growth through international trade. However, w
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Dukić Mijatović, Marijana, and Vera Zelenović. "UGOVOR O FORFETINGU U POSLOVNOJ PRAKSI." In 14 Majsko savetovanje. University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Law, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/xivmajsko.169dm.

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The forfeiture contract consists of the sale of long-term foreign trade receivables, in which the exporter sells its foreign trade claim to a bank or some other specialized financial institute, which is not encumbered by the possibility of recourse claims of third parties to the buyer of claims, which is secured by some of the contractual security means. In this paper, the authors analyzed both the legal nature and the economic functions of the forfeiture contract in business practice. The work is methodologically conceived on the teleological comparison of the forfeiting and other related con
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Pardaev, Khusniddin, Shavkat Hasanov, Shukrullo Muratov, and Fotima Saydullaeva. "Assessment of economic relations between actors of the tomato production chain." In 23rd International Scientific Conference. “Economic Science for Rural Development 2022”. Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies. Faculty of Economics and Social Development, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/esrd.2022.56.005.

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This article is aimed at analysing the economic interrelation between actors in the tomato production chain in Uzbekistan and find ways to increase the smallholders’ income. We used a PROBIT model to determine the influence of exogenous and endogenous factors on the choice of a small trading partner. The customers that come to the smallholders’ house to purchase the product are regarded as an exogenous factor. More attention needs to be paid to increasing value-added in the food chain in Uzbekistan and improving economic relations between its actors. The factor obtained as an instrumental vari
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Reports on the topic "Foreign trade transactions"

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Graziano, Alejandro, Georg Schaur, Christian Volpe Martincus, and Jerónimo Carballo. Transit Trade. Inter-American Development Bank, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0011742.

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In this paper, we estimate the effects of transit systems that substantiallystreamline administrative processing of trade flows. In so doing, we use a unique dataset that consists of the entire universe of El Salvador's export transactions over the period 2007-2013 and includes information on the transactions channeled under a new transit regime established with neighboring countries over the same period. Results suggest that this new transit system has been associated with decreased order servicing and variable trade costs. As a consequence, firms' exports increased primarily through higher s
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MELNIKOV, A. R., I. P. MELNIKOVA, and N. V. SHISHKAREVA. ABOUT THE ROLE OF THE FORWARDING COMPANY IN INCREASING THE ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY OF FOREIGN TRADE TRANSACTIONS OF CUSTOMERS (SELLERS AND BUYERS OF GOODS). Science and Innovation Center Publishing House, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.12731/2227-930x-2022-12-1-2-7-14.

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As part of the study and analysis of domestic and foreign practice of foreign trade in goods and freight forwarding, a characteristic of a conditional forwarding company is given that is able to provide a cargo owner customer with a reduction in costs in the transport component in the price of the customer’s goods. The object of the study is: the market of trade, transport operations and freight forwarding services. The objectives of the research, based on the methods of analysis and synthesis, are: research and analysis of the current state of the issue of interaction between the customer and
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Quimba, Francis Mark, Neil Irwin Moreno, and Abigail Andrada. FTA Utilization in the Philippines: Trends and Determinants. Philippine Institute for Development Studies, 2022. https://doi.org/10.62986/dp2022.35.

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The Philippines has adopted free trade agreements (FTAs) as a major component of its trade policy in the last two decades. As it continues to pursue trade liberalization by joining these agreements, taking a closer look at the extent of FTA utilization in the country is important. This study attempted to reveal stylized facts on the trends of Philippine FTA utilization. Using the universe of trade transactions data, FTA utilization trends were observed both from the export and import perspectives. Throughout the 2010s, FTA utilization among exporters has been low; in contrast, utilization in i
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Juarez, Leticia. Buyer Market Power and Exchange Rate Pass-through. Inter-American Development Bank, 2025. https://doi.org/10.18235/0013557.

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AuthorJuarez, LeticiaDate issuedJun 2025Read: English (0 downloads) DOIhttp://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0013557SubjectSmall Business; Export; Exchange Rate; Competitiveness; Export Activity; Import ; Export MarketJEL codeD43 - Oligopoly and Other Forms of Market Imperfection; E31 - Price Level • Inflation • Deflation; F31 - Foreign Exchange; F32 - Current Account Adjustment • Short-Term Capital MovementsCountryColombiaCategoryWorking PapersI derive a model-based equation relating pass-through to buyer size and estimate it on the micro transaction level data for Colombia. I find that after an exchang
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Alviarez, Vanessa, Michele Fioretti, Ken Kikkawa, and Monica Morlacco. Two-Sided Market Power in Firm-to-Firm Trade. Inter-American Development Bank, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003493.

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Firms in global value chains (GVCs) are granular and exert bargaining power over the terms of trade. We show that these features are crucial to understanding the well-established variation in prices and pass-through across importers and exporters. We develop a novel theory of prices in GVCs, which tractably nests a wide range of bilateral concentration and bargaining power configurations. We test and evaluate the models predictions using a novel dataset merging transaction-level U.S. import data with balance sheet data for both U.S. importers and foreign exporters. Our pricing framework enhanc
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Gutman, Éva. FDI screening regime of the European Union, is a way toward protectionism? ELTE Faculty of Law, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.58360/20240607-gutman.

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Foreign direct investment is undeniably one of the drivers of economic development, and as such, it has economic benefits, and functions as a catalysator for international trade and globalization. Even though its positive returns, might be reasons to be restricted, especially when the planned FDI transaction conflicts with the public order or security interest of a State. To 2017, several trading partners of the European Union already established FDI screening mechanisms or restrictive measures, what caused inequality toward the Union. Furthermore, more Member States had already introduced FDI
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Vargas-Herrera, Hernando, Juan Jose Ospina-Tejeiro, Carlos Alfonso Huertas-Campos, et al. Monetary Policy Report - April de 2021. Banco de la República de Colombia, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/inf-pol-mont-eng.tr2-2021.

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1.1 Macroeconomic summary Economic recovery has consistently outperformed the technical staff’s expectations following a steep decline in activity in the second quarter of 2020. At the same time, total and core inflation rates have fallen and remain at low levels, suggesting that a significant element of the reactivation of Colombia’s economy has been related to recovery in potential GDP. This would support the technical staff’s diagnosis of weak aggregate demand and ample excess capacity. The most recently available data on 2020 growth suggests a contraction in economic activity of 6.8%, lowe
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Financial Infrastructure Report 2022. Banco de la República, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/rept-sist-pag.eng.2022.

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Banco de la República's monitoring of the local financial market infrastructure is an additional contribution to the country's financial stability. One of the products of that monitoring has been the Payment Systems Report, which is now known as the Financial Infrastructure Report. The change in name, as of this edition, is intended to reflect in a broader way the issues that are addressed in the report. The 2022 edition includes several changes that are the result of a comparative study of financial infrastructure reports prepared by other central banks. These changes seek to make the report
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