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Journal articles on the topic 'Foreign trade transactions'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 2 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Lin, Yu. "Research on Optimization of Steel Foreign Trade Financial Transaction Based on Blockchain Technology." Mobile Information Systems 2022 (August 23, 2022): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/5759154.

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For many years, China’s steel exports have been winning with low prices. As the upstream iron ore price rises, the profit margin is compressed while many problems are exposed. The author has constructed a SWOT-AHP model for the cross-border financial transaction link of steel foreign trade and analyze the main factors affecting the financial transactions of steel foreign trade by calculating the weights within the SWOT group and among the factors and ranking them. The results show that transaction credit risk, long and inefficient settlement cycle, changes in steel tax rebate policy, high cros

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2

Fal'chenko, Oksana, Elena Stremousova, and Artem Eremin. "Comprehensive methodology for assessing risks in foreign trade transactions." Theoretical economics, no. 11 (December 29, 2024): 96–110. https://doi.org/10.52957/2221-3260-2024-11-96-110.

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The relevance of the study is due to the insufficient development of a systematic approach to risk management at each stage of a foreign trade transaction, which is especially important in the context of increased uncertainty and external challenges, as well as the need to create a comprehensive methodological toolkit that allows identifying, assessing and minimizing the risks typical for all stages of foreign trade transactions. The purpose of the study is to develop and test a comprehensive methodology for assessing the risks of a foreign trade transaction, which includes a methodological to

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3

Civelek, Mustafa Emre, Murat Çemberci, Nagehan Uca, Ümit Çelebi, and Abdurrahman Özalp. "Challenges of Paperless Trade: Redesign of the Foreign Trade Processes and Bundling Functions of Traditional Documents." International Business Research 10, no. 2 (2017): 74. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ibr.v10n2p74.

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Technological innovations in recent years have resulted in paper based documentation will be completely abandoned in all business processes, however the paper-based processes still prevail in foreign trade transactions due to complicated business processes. Institution and companies in different countries involved in foreign trade transactions. Therefore integrative solutions are needed. This paper seeks to put forward a methodology to pave the way to the future international trade. Therefore we developed a taxonomical approach to this clutter in order to partially surmount the integration pro

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4

Suleymanov, I., and Payzieva Komila. "Ways to Finance International Trade in Foreign Practice." International Journal Of Management And Economics Fundamental 5, no. 4 (2025): 71–75. https://doi.org/10.37547/ijmef/volume05issue04-12.

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Financing international trade is a critical aspect of global commerce, enabling businesses to engage in cross-border transactions while managing various risks associated with currency fluctuations, payment defaults, and political instability. This article explores the various methods employed to finance international trade, including Letters of Credit (LCs), trade credit, trade finance loans, factoring, export credit insurance, foreign exchange contracts, and emerging tools like blockchain and cryptocurrencies. Each method offers distinct advantages and challenges, depending on the size of the

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Khudzhatov, M. B., and V. Y. Vakhrushev. "Current problems of currency operations in foreign economic activities." Mezhdunarodnaja jekonomika (The World Economics), no. 3 (March 28, 2023): 153–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/vne-04-2303-01.

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International trade in goods is one of the most important tools for the development of the world economy. International trade meets the needs of the countries of the world in various goods, the production of which is absent in this country or does not fully satisfy domestic demand. Almost all countries in the world are interested in the development of international trade in goods. On the one hand, countries provide domestic needs through international trade. On the other hand, commodity supplies to international markets contribute to the infl ow of foreign exchange earnings into the country, t

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Putra, I. Wayan Dodi M., Ni Luh Made Mahendrawati, and Ni Komang A. Styawati. "Tindak Pidana di Bidang Perbankan dalam Transaksi Perdagangan Luar Negeri dengan Menggunakan Letter Of Credit." Jurnal Konstruksi Hukum 3, no. 2 (2022): 455–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.55637/jkh.3.2.4895.455-459.

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Letter of Credit/LC is an interbank payment transaction instrument whose legal arrangements have been established both nationally and internationally. In this study, the writer wants to know how the regulation of criminal acts in the banking sector against foreign transactions through letters of credit, and the criminal sanctions that make the issuing bank a victim in foreign trade transactions using the letter of credit , uses this type of normative research. sources of primary, secondary, and tertiary rules. This thesis uses the type of search, recording and documentation Analysis of legal s

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7

Singh, Ram. "KEY DRIVERS FOR SALES ON HIGH SEA TRANSACTIONS: ISM ENABLED EVIDENCE FROM INDIAN TRADING FIRMS." International Journal of Business & Economics (IJBE) 6, no. 1 (2021): 144–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.58885/ijbe.v06i1.144.rs.

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Trade benefits all and no nation is ever ruined by foreign trade. Globally, the policy makers have considered foreign trade as an engine of economic growth, employment generation and foreign exchange accumulations. Sales in High Sea Transaction, also known as High Sea Sales or “String Sales” which takes place beyond the territorial waters of the country of export and the country of import, are considered vital to the economic needs of developing countries like India for a variety of reasons. With disruptions in global supply chain operations due to global pandemic, protective national polices,

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8

Karimov, N. "International Relations and Audit Process of Import Operations." Bulletin of Science and Practice 5, no. 12 (2019): 316–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.33619/2414-2948/49/37.

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This article reveals the development of foreign economic activity in Uzbekistan, international relations and the audit process of import operations. It also sets out the legal basis for regulating foreign trade transactions carried out on the basis of international law and the terms of the foreign trade contract of sale. Foreign trade operations have also been studied, which have significant features due to legal regulation, the composition of foreign economic transactions, the procedure for fulfilling obligations under contracts and the system of applied calculations, which imposes additional

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9

Imamova, Dilfuza. "Improvement of legal regulation of foreign economic transactions in the Republic of Uzbekistan." Общество и инновации 1, no. 2 (2020): 94–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.47689/2181-1415-vol1-iss2-pp94-104.

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The article deals with issues related to improving the legal regulation of foreign economic transactions in the Republic of Uzbekistan. It is determined that foreign economic transaction is a transaction in which one party is a foreign company or a commercial enterprise located in another state, the trade focused on the import or export abroad and to use in settlements with counterparty foreign currency. It was found out that some types of foreign economic transactions are not reflected in the national legislation of the Republic of Uzbekistan, namely distribute and forfeiting contracts.

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10

Wagner, Joachim. "Active on Many Foreign Markets: A Portrait of German Multi-market Exporters and Importers from Manufacturing Industries." Jahrbücher für Nationalökonomie und Statistik 238, no. 2 (2018): 157–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jbnst-2017-0123.

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Abstract This paper uses information on more than 160 million export and import transactions by German firms from 2009 to 2012 to document the decisive role of multi-market traders that are active on many foreign markets, where a market is defined as a combination of a good traded and a country traded with. Using merged information from trade transactions and from surveys conducted by the statistical offices it is shown that, controlling for detailed industry affiliation, the number of foreign markets a firm from manufacturing industries is active on as an exporter or importer is higher in fir

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11

Ma, Yuhan. "Research on Reducing Foreign Exchange Risks by Foreign Exchange Derivatives -- Taking China Foreign Trade Companies as an Example." Financial Forum 10, no. 2 (2021): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.18282/ff.v10i2.2240.

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<p>With the deepening of international trade, the foreign exchange risk exposure of foreign trade companies is gradually being valued in the international market, and foreign exchange risks are also the main risks that Chinese foreign trade companies need to avoid. This article analyzes the reduction of foreign exchange risks from both the internal and external aspects of the company, focusing on the value-preserving role of foreign exchange derivatives in transactions, and making suggestions for the steady operation of foreign trade companies.</p><p> </p>

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12

Akopova, Elena, and Oksana Voronkova. "Risks Related to Foreign Trade Activities and Their Mininmization When Entering into a Foreign Trade Contract." Bulletin of Baikal State University 29, no. 1 (2019): 64–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.17150/2500-2759.2019.29(1).64-71.

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The access of Russian companies to foreign markets is associated with the introduction of a risk-based approach to foreign trade management. In this article, the authors aim to build an algorithm of the actions of companies to identify, evaluate and select methods of risk management in foreign trade transactions, to specify their scope and to justify practical solutions for their prevention and minimization under foreign trade contracts and contractual work. To solve this problem, the authors use theoretical and methodological advances in the theory of risks, contract theory, risk management s

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13

Civelek, Mustafa Emre, and Nedret Seçkin. "Paperless Trade: Evaluation of the Current Situation & towards the Integrated Single Foreign Trade Document." Journal of Management Research 9, no. 2 (2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jmr.v9i2.10669.

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Electronic documents began to take the place of the paper documents that are being currently used in foreign trade. In this study, it is mentioned of topics such as what are electronic documents, how are they regulated and what tools are needed to have legal validity. It also covers the developments about examples of electronic documents and electronic process studies in the international field. It is expected that the number of documents used will decrease and also the complex payment methods will eliminate in the process of transition to electronic document use. As a result, it is recommende

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Zaitsev, O., and T. Dvorianova. "ACQUAINTANCE TO FOREX FOREIGN EXCHANGE MARKET." Vìsnik Sumsʹkogo deržavnogo unìversitetu, no. 1 (2020): 174–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/1817-9215.2020.1-20.

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The article draws attention to the steady growth of the general trend of direct participation of individuals in financial transactions using electronic platforms. In particular, the article notes the increased interest in participating in operations in the Forex currency market. It is emphasized that relatively technically easy access to participation in financial transactions through the use of electronic platforms is currently a potential threat to financial security for the funds of participants in such transactions. This is a lack of professional training of most novice traders who volunta

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15

Sokoliuk, S. Iu, O. V. Zharun, and O. S. Tupchii. "Principles of performing foreign economic transactions and contracts." Collected Works of Uman National University of Horticulture 2, no. 99 (2021): 204–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.31395/2415-8240-2021-99-2-204-210.

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In the context of complex political and socio-economic processes, that are characterized by the stratification of the property status of various segments of the population, by the growth of customs offenses, by the aggravation of the influence of destabilizing trends on the economic security of the state, the issue of creating an effective state system of customs and legal regulation of foreign economic activity of business entities becomes relevant. The variety of nomenclature of goods transported across the customs border, and the peculiarities of foreign economic operations determines the i

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16

Bondarchuk, Marіia, and Olha Brahina. "Characteristics of Foreign and Domestic Trade of Ukraine During the Period of Marital Law." Economic journal Odessa polytechnic university 2, no. 28 (2024): 25–34. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12746957.

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In the article, the authors investigated the state of foreign and domestic trade, analyzed the foreign trade balance of Ukraine. A special place in the research process is the analysis of the structure of exports and imports of the countries of the world in general and by types of goods. An analysis of the export structure by types of transport was carried out. Particular attention is paid to the indicators of wholesale and retail turnover of domestic enterprises. In the course of the study, the geographical structure of the main contracting states and the product structure of the main categor

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17

Mendoza, Luis, Carlos Martinez, and Francisco Ceballos. "Mexican Developments in the Review of Foreign Trade Transactions." Global Trade and Customs Journal 6, Issue 3 (2011): 165–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/gtcj2011023.

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This article discusses the development of the framework and procedures followed by the Mexican authorities in the verification of origin of products under free trade agreements (FTAs) signed by Mexico but mostly under the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), which is the FTA that given the value of the commercial exchange between the United States and Mexico is most commonly tested by Mexican courts. Furthermore, this article tries to view in some perspective the action of the Mexican authorities and the reaction of the Mexican Federal Tax Court to a very critical legal issue: the rece

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18

Favato, Danilo Fabrino, Gabriel Coutinho, Mário S. Alvim, and Natasha Fernandes. "A novel reconstruction attack on foreign-trade official statistics, with a Brazilian case study." Proceedings on Privacy Enhancing Technologies 2022, no. 4 (2022): 608–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.56553/popets-2022-0124.

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In this paper we describe, formalize, implement, and experimentally evaluate a novel transaction re-identification attack against official foreigntrade statistics releases in Brazil. The attack’s goal is to re-identify the importers of foreign-trade transactions (by revealing the identity of the company performing that transaction), which consequently violates those importers’ fiscal secrecy (by revealing sensitive information: the value and volume of traded goods). We provide a mathematical formalization of this fiscal secrecy problem using principles from the framework of quantitative inform

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19

REDZYUK, T. Yu. "Peculiarities of tax accounting of transactions with raw materials in foreign trade." Market Relations Development in Ukraine №12(259)2022 99 (March 9, 2023): 65–70. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7711738.

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The subject of the study is foreign economic activity, which is the relationship between Ukrainian and foreign subjects of economic activity. In foreign economic activity, raw materials from Davalny are in demand, therefore the issue of taxation of raw materials from Davalny is gaining even greater importance. That is why a study of the tax accounting of transactions with raw materials was conducted, where both synthetic and analytical accounting of raw materials were considered in parallel. The purpose of the research. In addition, the article examines the economic essence of business transac

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20

Nauva Safitri, Ni Ketut Enik Fitalia, Nina Fitriani, Rieska Dian Uthami, and Novia Rizki. "Analisis Akuntansi untuk Transaksi Mata Uang Asing pada PT. Sumi Indo Kabel Tbk." Jurnal Kendali Akuntansi 2, no. 4 (2024): 01–10. https://doi.org/10.59581/jka-widyakarya.v2i4.4155.

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This research is motivated by the need for PT Sumi Indo Kabel Tbk to manage foreign currency transactions in line with the increase in international trade and exchange rate fluctuations. Foreign currency transactions can affect the company's financial statements, especially in the recognition of profit or loss due to changes in exchange rates. The purpose of this study is to analyze the application of foreign currency transaction accounting at PT Sumi Indo Kabel Tbk based on Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (PSAK) 221 on the Effect of Changes in Foreign Exchange Rates. The research

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Girich, M. G., and A. D. Levashenko. "Trade-based money laundering: development of the «red flags» system." International Trade and Trade Policy 7, no. 4 (2022): 55–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.21686/2410-7395-2021-3-55-69.

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The OECD and the FATF highlight the problem of money laundering via international trade with a view to disguising illicit gains and moving value through the use of trade transactions. For example, inaccurate invoices may be used, which, according to the Global Financial Integrity estimates, resulted in $0,9 trillion to $1,7 trillion losses in 148 countries in 2006–2015. In Russia, the authorities attempt to reduce the risks of money laundering within the framework of international trade through the use of currency regulation, while foreign countries are using a risk-based approach by developin

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22

Остаев, Г. Я. "Методические особенности подготовки и проведения аудита сделок встречной торговли при внешнеэкономической деятельности". Bulletin of Science and Practice 557, № 5(6) (2016): 415–27. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.55018.

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В условиях внешнеэкономической деятельности, организации совершают ряд специфических действий не свойственных при сделках внутри страны. Рыночные отношений в стране, предполагают поиск рациональных и эффективных рычагов управления хозяйствующими субъектами предпринимательства, заставляя поискам новых подходов к проверке внешнеэкономической деятельности. Внешнеэкономическая деятельность представляет собой по сути основу организации внешнеторговых связей. Внешнеэкономическая деятельность Российской Федерации — это совокупность отраслей, подотраслей, предприятий и организаций любых фор

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Surenthran, David P., G. Ramasundaram, P. M. Durai Raj Vincent, et al. "Impact of cross-border e-commerce development on China’s foreign trade." International Journal of Data and Network Science 9, no. 2 (2025): 323–34. https://doi.org/10.5267/j.ijdns.2024.7.015.

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This study investigates the impact of cross-Border E-commerce development on China’s foreign trade. The software SPSS is used to calculate the value of each independent variable CBEC transaction volume, business infrastructure, professional talents, and development potential, and the software STATA version 18 is used to perform all the regression analyses. The findings reveal that efficient CBEC business infrastructure, including electronic payments, logistics, and digital support systems advancements, significantly enhances trade facilitation. Additionally, developing and cultivating professi

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ROVENSKY, YU A. "BARTER TRANSACTIONS IN THE FOREIGN ECONOMIC ACTIVITY OF RUSSIAN COMPANIES UNDER SANCTIONS." Economic Problems and Legal Practice 20, no. 4 (2024): 243–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.33693/2541-8025-2024-20-4-243-250.

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The article examines the reasons for the return to barter transactions in the context of the application of economic sanctions to business operations in modern Russia, concerning difficulties with settlements in national currencies, difficulties with logistics and others. The results of the analysis of publications on the topic of barter transactions in difficult economic conditions are presented, which showed the ambiguity of scientists' opinions regarding barter transactions: some believe that this situation is associated with a shortage of funds and high inflation, others with non-payments

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НАТОЧЕЕВА, Н. Н., та Г. Г. МОРГОШИЯ. "РЕГУЛИРОВАНИЕ БАРТЕРНЫХ СДЕЛОК ВО ВНЕШНЕЙ ТОРГОВЛЕ РОССИИ". Экономика и предпринимательство, № 12(173) (1 січня 2025): 70–76. https://doi.org/10.34925/eip.2024.173.12.009.

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В статье выявлены причины объективной необходимости регулирования бартерных сделок во внешней торговле России, обобщен анализ публикаций по такому регулированию бартерных сделок, выполнен анализ динамики внешней торговли России услугами в сфере рекламы, маркетинга и услугами частным лицам, который показал неоднозначность результатов с точки зрения использования способов поставки услуг. Дальнейшие исследования продемонстрировали практически отсутствие третьего вида поставки, за исключением строительной отрасли, что привело автора к выводу о наличии специфических особенностей в различных видах п

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KOCHERGINA, T. E. "ROLE AND FUNCTIONS OF ORGANIZATIONS PROMOTING FOREIGN TRADE RELATIONS UNDER." Economics: Theory and Practice 76, no. 4 (2024): 3–12. https://doi.org/10.31429/2224042x_2024_76_3.

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The relevance of the study on the problems of conducting foreign economic transactions under sanctions has determined the importance of specifying the role and functions of organizations facilitating foreign trade activities (FTA). The article attempts to analyze the problems of increasing resistance to sanctions pressure as an independent scientific problem. The main areas of activity of organizations facilitating foreign trade operations are determined in creating comfortable conditions for doing business in new geoeconomic conditions.

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Ruvendi, Ramlan, and Herdiah Kusweni. "PENGARUH PERGERAKAN NILAI TUKAR DAN VOLUME TRANSAKSI TERHADAP PENDAPATAN TRANSAKSI DEVISA (STUDI KASUS PADA PT. BII, TBK KANTOR CABANG BOGOR)." Jurnal Ilmiah Binaniaga 2, no. 02 (2018): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.33062/jib.v2i02.159.

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Exchange or conversion rate is one of the important factors in an open economy since its big impact on the running transaction balance, foreign balance or other economical factors. Exchange rate plays a central role in international trade because exchange rate enables us to compare all products and services prices from other countries. The policy to predict and react on the exchange rate fluctuation is developing in line with the growing understanding of how the national and international monetary systems work. In addition transparency in accounting and taxation rules concerning the un/profita

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Goel, Manisha. "Management of Transaction Exposure." International Journal of Service Science, Management, Engineering, and Technology 3, no. 1 (2012): 37–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jssmet.2012010103.

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In an era of globalization, thousands of transactions of international trade take place among companies of different countries. But the profitability of these transactions can be completely wiped out by adverse movements in the exchange rate during this time gap. Transaction exposure is a measure of effect of exchange rate fluctuations on these transactions. Unmanaged transaction exposure can paralyze not only financial position but also competitive position of companies in market. The present study portrays transaction exposure management as practiced by various multinational companies in Ind

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BUTTON, KENNETH. "AIR TRANSPORTATION SERVICES: BOTH A TRADED COMMODITY AND A TRANSACTIONS COST IN INTERNATIONAL TRADE." Journal of International Commerce, Economics and Policy 01, no. 01 (2010): 105–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793993310000093.

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Air transportation is a major facilitator of international trade in terms of the value of goods and services involved, and is important to specific industries, such as tourism, that are being developed by many lower income countries. High air transportation costs can pose a major impediment to the economic growth of countries, or to regions within them. But international air transportation is also an industry in its own right that can earn profits and foreign exchange for the parenting country. The newer international trade models treat transportation as a transactions cost, reductions of whic

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KOTELNIKOVA, Iuliia. "E-COMMERCE DEVELOPMENT: FOREIGN EXPERIENCE." Herald of Khmelnytskyi National University. Economic sciences 312, no. 6(1) (2022): 61–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.31891/2307-5740-2022-312-6(1)-9.

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Modern economic processes and systems are subject to the influence of two of the most important modern processes: digitization and globalization. Digitalization is increasingly influencing all spheres of the economy and its individual segments. In particular, e-commerce has shown high growth rates in recent years. In the context of the digitalization of the economy, the technological component of this trade segment is being strengthened: new tools supporting artificial intelligence, big data analytics, automation of business processes are being introduced, and platform solutions are being deve

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TORIA, R. A. "CONTROLLED TRANSACTIONS: FEATURES OF LEGAL REGULATION OF TAX CONTROL." Economic Problems and Legal Practice 20, no. 2 (2024): 24–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.33693/2541-8025-2024-20-2-24-30.

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The article provides a theoretical analysis of the regulatory legal regulation of foreign trade controlled transactions in order to further improve legal regulation. It is noted that in the case of controlled transactions, tax control over prices applied in such transactions is carried out by a special structural unit of the Federal Tax Service. The subject of on-site and desk inspections cannot be price control in such transactions. It is noted that since January 1, 2024, there have been significant changes in the composition of the information provided in the notification and documentation p

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Lysenko, E. A. "Application of the customs reimport procedure in foreign trade transactions." Vestnik Universiteta, no. 5 (June 21, 2023): 86–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.26425/1816-4277-2023-5-86-95.

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The study relevance of the customs procedure of reimport consists in the absence of a unified approach to its analysis, the lack of systematization of the conditions for its application, resulting in violations of the law on the part of declarants (less than 1 % of the total number of claimed procedures). The purpose of the study is to develop a methodological approach to the economic and statistical analysis of the procedure application of reimport. The tasks that make it possible to achieve this goal were: analysis of the legal basis for the application of the customs procedure of reimport,

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IVANOV, Valerii V., and Sergei I. ZAKHARCHENKO. "Assessing the impact of digital currencies on foreign trade transactions." Finance and Credit 31, no. 6 (2025): 26–42. https://doi.org/10.24891/ufzbcx.

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Subject. The article discusses the impact of digital currencies on international settlements, reduction of transaction costs, and the global monetary system stability. It focuses on the analysis of digital currencies of central banks (CBDCs) and cryptocurrencies, their integration into the international financial system, and their influence on the competitiveness of national currencies. Objectives. The purpose is to examine digital payment mechanisms, their effect on macroeconomic stability, international payments, and exchange rate dynamics; to develop an index system for quantitatively asses

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Bondarev, S. A., and A. L. Sokolova. "Ways to improve efficiency of foreign trade transactions through the optimal contract price." Lizing (Leasing), no. 4 (August 2, 2023): 46–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/vne-03-2304-08.

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Currently, participants in foreign economic activities are trying to simplify foreign trade transactions by determining and combining various methods of paying the agreed price, subject to strict rules for the formation of the goods price provided for in the legislation.

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Abirkulova, Sohibjamol. "Insurance Mechanisms in Foreign Trade: Mitigating Risk and Facilitating Global Commerce." Yashil iqtisodiyot va taraqqiyot 2, no. 6 (2024): 8–12. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12759136.

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Foreign trade, a cornerstone of global economic activity, is inherently fraught with risks. From political instabilityand currency fluctuations to unforeseen natural disasters and contract breaches, a multitude of uncertainties candisrupt supply chains, derail transactions, and cause substantial financial losses. This article explores the crucial role ofinsurance mechanisms in mitigating these risks, enabling smoother international trade, and fostering economic growth.

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Sohibjamol, Abirkulova. "Insurance Mechanisms in Foreign Trade: Mitigating Risk and Facilitating Global Commerce." Yashil iqtisodiyot va taraqqiyot 2, no. 7 (2024): 7–11. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12790812.

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Foreign trade, a cornerstone of global economic activity, is inherently fraught with risks. From political instabilityand currency fluctuations to unforeseen natural disasters and contract breaches, a multitude of uncertainties candisrupt supply chains, derail transactions, and cause substantial financial losses. This article explores the crucial role ofinsurance mechanisms in mitigating these risks, enabling smoother international trade, and fostering economic growth.

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Yelemesov, R. E., and A. A. Raimbekova. "CURRENCY MARKET OF KAZAKHSTAN BEFORE AND IN TIME OF PANDEMIA: COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS." Statistika, učet i audit 81, no. 2 (2021): 66–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.51579/1563-2415.2021-2.10.

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Settlements in national and foreign currency are made between residents of the republics participating in various international trade relations and capital flows. With the help of foreign assets, various financial transactions are carried out, gold and foreign exchange reserves of the country are formed, some economic norms and indicators are calculated (target earnings of the bank, private capital, etc.). In connection with this, it is necessary to create a developed foreign exchange market, which will allow to increase the volume of foreign exchange transactions. The article provides a compa

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Liang, Yingying, Liangliang Guo, Jianlu Li, Shuang Zhang, and Xiangyun Fei. "The Impact of Trade Facilitation on Cross-Border E-Commerce Transactions: Analysis Based on the Marine and Land Cross-Border Logistical Practices between China and Countries along the “Belt and Road”." Water 13, no. 24 (2021): 3567. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13243567.

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In the post-epidemic era, cross-border e-commerce has become a new growth point for global foreign trade. Unlike traditional trade, which is dominated by marine transport, cross-border e-commerce transactions have high requirements for both marine and land transport, and the scale of their trade is accordingly limited by the level of trade facilitation i.e., the convenience of cross-border logistics in bilateral trading countries. Based on transaction cost theory, this article takes cross-border e-commerce transactions between China and countries along “The Belt and Road” as the core of the st

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Goncharov, Alexander, and Marina Goncharova. "Digital Tokens in the Tools of Modern Foreign Trade Activities by Economic Entities of the BRICS Jurisdictions." Legal Concept, no. 3 (October 2019): 31–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/lc.jvolsu.2019.3.5.

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Introduction: computer algorithmization of production, transport, communication and other processes, which is actively distributed across the countries of all the continents, has received a special name – digitalization of the economy. The speed and independence from distance, in particular, the interworking algorithms for attracting investments are perceived by entrepreneurs with great hope for success. According to the authors of the paper, by 2022 the financial digital technologies can replace up to 28 % of traditional banking and payment transactions, up to 22 % of insurance and foreign tr

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Edelia, Annisa, and Nuri Aslami. "The Analysis of Indonesia’s International Business." Indonesian Journal of Multidisciplinary Science 1, no. 3 (2021): 166–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.55324/ijoms.v1i3.28.

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International Business is a business whose activities pass the borders of the country. This definition includes not only international trade and overseas manufacturing, but also a thriving service industry in areas such as transportation, tourism, banking, advertising, construction, retail trade, large trade and mass communications. International marketing is different from International Business, International Trade is an inter-state transaction usually done by traditional way that is by way of export and import. With the export and import transactions, there will be a balance of tread, while

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LI, Yanhong. "The Impact and Problems of Cross-Border E-Commerce on China's Foreign Trade." Theory and Practice of Social Science 1, no. 2 (2019): 9–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.6914/tpss.201912_1(2).0002.

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Cross-border e-commerce is based on the Internet, and the traditional way of international trade is distinct. Under the development trend of global economic integration, cross-border e-commerce is facing a new opportunity for development. Although there are many differences between cross-border e-commerce and traditional transactions, they still face common problems in cross-border transactions. This paper mainly discusses the impact of cross-border e-commerce on China's foreign trade and the current development of cross-border e-commerce, especially the shortage and training of cross-border e

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Dea Dellia, Dwi Ananda, Lilis Apriyaningsih, Windi Aulia, and Dwita Sakuntala. "Mekanisme Lalu Lintas Pembayaran Luar Negeri dalam Kegiatan Ekspor." Jurnal Penelitian Ekonomi Manajemen dan Bisnis 4, no. 1 (2025): 259–68. https://doi.org/10.55606/jekombis.v4i1.4785.

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This study aims to discuss the foreign payment traffic mechanism in export and import activities, which is an important aspect of international trade. In the current context of globalization, trade transactions cannot be carried out only by relying on direct relations between exporters and importers. It requires oversight from multilateral institutions, such as the World Trade Organization (WTO), to ensure smoothness and fairness in such transactions. An effective payment mechanism is essential to ensure that payments are made on time and in accordance with the agreement, thus increasing trust

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Khudzhatov, M. B., and V. Yu Vakhrushev. "Development of International Payments in National Currencies in Russia’s Foreign Trade." Mezhdunarodnaja jekonomika (The World Economics), no. 02 (February 5, 2024): 112–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/vne-04-2402-03.

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Foreign trade in goods is one of the most important tools for the development of the Russian economy. On the one hand, foreign trade meets the country’s needs for various goods, the production of which is absent or does not fully satisfy domestic demand. On the other hand, foreign trade allows Russian goods to gain access to international markets, diversifying sales channels. It is important to note that foreign trade activities are impossible without a developed international settlement mechanism, which provides buyers of goods with the opportunity to pay sellers, and sellers with the opportu

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Agustin, Erni, and Faizal Kurniawan. "CONSUMER PROTECTION IN ELECTRONIC CONTRACTS: THE CASE OF INDONESIA." Journal of Nusantara Studies (JONUS) 2, no. 1 (2017): 159. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jonus.vol2iss1pp159-169.

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This paper aims to provide insights into the consumer protection in e-commerce in Indonesian context. In 2015, ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) which includes Indonesia as a member, was established for a regional economic integration by reducing the transactions costs of trade, improving trade and business facilities, as well as enhancing the competitiveness of Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises sector. AEC is expected to promote electronic transactions. Even though Indonesia has the Law Number 8 Year 1999 on Consumer Protection, this law does not regulate specifically on electronic transactions

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Civelek and Artar Kibritci. "Blockchain and Artificial Intelligence Technologies for Balanced Foreign Trade: Replacing Exchange Function of Money." European Scientific Journal 15, no. 22 (2019): 137–49. https://doi.org/10.19044/esj.2019.v15n22p137.

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Today, the capitalist economy has entered into a dead end. Unemployment is expected to reach an unprecedented level due to the rise of automation and artificial intelligence technologies. The creation of excess fiat money will not be a remedy for the collapse of the capitalist economy. In the future, a new economic model open to government intervention will be needed. Moreover, if global monetary system collapses, government should find a solution to continue foreign trade in order to meet the needs of their citizens. Trade unions are classical means that increase trade among the member countr

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Prof., Dr. Mehmet Şahin. "The Role of Digital Currencies in Reshaping International Trade." Change Management 25, no. 1 (2025): 88–104. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15086685.

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Digital currencies, particularly cryptocurrencies and central bank digital currencies (CBDCs), are playing an increasingly significant role in transforming global trade by enhancing efficiency, reducing transaction costs, and providing alternative payment mechanisms. As the global economy moves toward digital financial solutions, the integration of digital currencies into trade transactions has the potential to reshape traditional financial systems, bypass intermediaries, and streamline cross-border payments.This paper explores the role of digital currencies in reshaping Turkey’s interna

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Bellinger III, John B., and Nicholas L. Townsend. "Inside ‘the CFIUS’: US National Security Review of Foreign Investments." Global Trade and Customs Journal 6, Issue 1 (2011): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/gtcj2011001.

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Foreign companies looking for good deals buying US businesses that were hit hard by the economic downturn need to be aware that transactions that implicate the US national security are subject to significant scrutiny by the Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States (CFIUS). Several recent foreign investments have failed because of national security concerns raised by this little-known US government committee. National security review by the CFIUS can be a frustrating process for international investors who are not well-prepared. Potential foreign investors should understand how the

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Civelek, Mustafa Emre. "Hybrid-Paperless Adoption & Integration: Evaluotion of the Current Situation in Turkey." Eurasian Academy of Sciences 20 (December 13, 2019): 132–42. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3574253.

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Unprecedented technological changes are taking place in the extremely chaotic business environment of today. Removing paper-based processes and increasing integration have become a strategic priority in all business lines. Nevertheless, foreign trade area can still be regarded as relatively conservative. Traditional paper-oriented process still continues to be widely used in the field of foreign trade. Therefore, there is a need for a radical and comprehensive shift from paper-based approach to full integration by means of electronic documents. Foreign trade transactions are currently performe

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Khanijou, Sandeep. "Book Review- The Global Currency Power of the US Dollar Problems and Prospects." ABAC Journal 44, no. 4 (2024): 535–38. https://doi.org/10.59865/abacj.2024.67.

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The United States dollar is the dominant currency for international trade and financial transactions conducted globally. Countries around the world conduct most cross-border transactions as well as hold their foreign reserves in US dollars despite having their own currencies. Some other currencies of other advanced countries or regions such as the pound, the euro, and the yen are also used beyond their territorial domain, but on a much smaller scale than the dollar. To put into perspectives, the dollar accounted for nearly 60 percent of global reserves reported to the International Monetary Fu

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John Olu, Dr Josiah, Prof Ezaal Okowa, and Prof Alwell Nteegah. "Oil Price and Exchange Rate Volatility: Implication on Trade Transactions in Nigeria." International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation XII, no. IV (2025): 1273–86. https://doi.org/10.51244/ijrsi.2025.12040106.

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This study investigates the relationship between oil price, exchange rate volatility, and trade transactions in Nigeria for the period covering from 2008 to 2024. The study employed monthly frequency data from the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) Statistical Bulletin, National Bureau of Statistics (NBS), and the World Bank databases to investigate the oil price-exchange rate volatility-trade nexus over the period of January 2008 to October 2024. We constructed and estimated a GARCH (1,1) model to derive the exchange rate volatility series. The unit root test and bounds test were employed to deter

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