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1
Banda, Tangu. "Foreign aid and corruption in Zambia." University of the Western Cape, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/4392.
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Magister Legum - LLMThis paper seeks to examine the relationship between foreign aid and corruption in Zambia. Drawing from the analysis of the two, it then explores whether the existing legal instruments are adequate and effective to combat corruption in the aid context.
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Chisala, Victoria. "Foreign aid dependency : the case of Zambia." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.441967.
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Mulenga, Majorie Chalwe. "The causal link between foreign direct investment and domestic savings in Zambia." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/97466.
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Thesis (MDF)--Stellenbosch University, 2015.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study examined the causal relationship between foreign direct investment and domestic savings in Zambia. Data over the period 1970–2012 was extracted from the World Development Indicator and Global Economic Monitor Databases (2014). The study employed the Johansen cointegration approach to establish the long-standing relationship between domestic savings and foreign direct investment. In addition, the Granger causality test was also carried out to examine the causal relationship between foreign direct investment and gross domestic savings. The results suggest that although foreign direct investment inflow can lead to domestic savings growth in the short run, in the long run it would substitute domestic savings. This implies that the effect of the increased inflows of foreign direct investment experienced in the recent past may in the long run hurt domestic savings growth in Zambia. Policy makers should therefore improve the governance mechanism for the use and monitoring of foreign direct investment inflows in Zambia and promote diversification away from mining, the main economic activity that accounts for more than 60 percent of direct foreign investment in Zambia.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie studie het ondersoek ingestel na die oorsaaklikheidsverwantskap tussen direkte buitelandse belegging en binnelandse besparing in Zambië. Data vir die tydperk 1970 tot 2012 is uit die Wêreldbank se databasisse World Development Indicators en Global Economic Monitor (2014) bekom. Die studie het die Johansen-benadering van ko-integrasie gevolg om die lank bestaande verwantskap tussen binnelandse besparing en direkte buitelandse belegging te bepaal. Daarbenewens is die Granger-oorsaaklikheidstoets uitgevoer om die oorsaaklikheidsverwantskap tussen direkte buitelandse belegging en bruto binnelandse besparing te ondersoek. Die resultate dui daarop dat hoewel die invloeiing van direkte buitelandse belegging binnelandse besparing op kort termyn ’n hupstoot sal gee, dit binnelandse besparing op lang termyn sal vervang. Dít impliseer dat die verhoogde direkte buitelandse belegging wat in die onlangse verlede ondervind is, op lang termyn ’n skadelike uitwerking op groei in binnelandse besparing in Zambië kan hê. Beleidsvormers behoort dus die beheermeganisme vir die aanwending en monitering van direkte buitelandse belegging in Zambië te verbeter en diversifikasie aan te moedig weg van mynbou, die vernaamste ekonomiese aktiwiteit in die land wat tans vir meer as 60% van alle direkte buitelandse belegging in Zambië sorg.
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Barton, Stuart John. "A history of policy signals and market responses in Zambia's relationship with foreign capital." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2016. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.709484.
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Mulumba, Clive Mutale. "Foreign Borrowing and Economic Growth in Zambia: An Econometric Analysis." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/28409.
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In the recent past, Zambia has increased its external borrowings significantly after reaching the Heavily Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) completion point. The Zambian government has been on an ambitious borrowing spree with the intent that most of these funds would be channelled towards building and maintenance of key national infrastructure including roads and construction of new airports. This study undertook to answer the question, does increasing external debt affect growth of a nation’s economy? The thesis commenced an econometric study between the years 1980 to 2015 using publicly available data premised on the neoclassical economic growth model. The findings from this investigation show that shocks to external debt negatively impact the economic output of Zambia which is proxied by the Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Conversely, it was found that external debt stock could not reliably forecast future economic growth for the nation, a finding which in itself provides an area of further investigations. These research findings and recommendations make it clear that Zambia requires a comprehensive debt contraction and management framework to avoid the vagaries of short-term decisions which may not always be premised on sound economic thinking.
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Ngubo, Nompumelelo. "Contemporary insights into the dynamics of foreign direct investment in Zambia." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/28992.
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Foreign direct investment ("FDI") has been acclaimed by authors and policy makers alike to be one of the pivotal interventions that African countries need in order to support the capital investment required to sustain economic growth, alleviate poverty, and achieve the Millennium Development Goals in the region. This research report aims to explain the evolution of the modern Zambian FDI environment and describe the dynamics at play in this thriving, yet poverty-stricken economy. Over the last 25 years, Zambia has made remarkable progress in transforming its investment climate in order to successfully attract of increased inflows of FDI over time. The primary interventions that brought about these changes in the country's investment climate involved privatization and liberalization policies of the 1990s, institutional reforms of the early 2000s, and the more recent establishment of the Zambian Development Agency for the facilitation of all local and foreign investment. As a result, the international community responded with growing interest in the Zambian economy. Despite having surpassed other African countries in attracting increasing levels of FDI, Zambia does not fully portray the perceived benefits of an economy experiencing an upswing in investment inflows i.e. – reduced unemployment, increased income, infrastructure upgrades, skills and knowledge transfer etc. The economy is still heavily dependent on one sector – copper mining, yet there remains a wealth of untapped natural resources which hold potential to improve Zambia's social and economic status – fresh water, arable land and gemstones. Key challenges in the country range across the spectrum from inadequate infrastructure to labour market challenges as well as the consequence of rising foreign firm entry – crowding out of local investment. The report suggests key policy interventions to be considered should be aimed at infrastructural service delivery improvement through privatization, leveling of the playing field for local and international firms to improve domestic market competitiveness and a focus on skills and knowledge transfer obligations of foreign firms.
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Kapota, Derby Bwalya. "Investigating the impact of foreign direct investment on NTEs and imports in Zambia." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/25093.
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The need for foreign direct investment in Zambia emanated from the country's search for finance to support the diversification agenda backed by the private sector. Sectors that will see a diversified export earning capacity were identified as target areas for foreign direct investment. The expectation from such investments was that the country will see improved production capacities leading to the increase of NTEs and production of products that could only be accessed through the foreign markets. This research therefore aimed at investigating the impact of FDIs on NTEs and imports by category. This is on the theoretical backdrop of both the modernisation and dependency theories which highlights that the effects of FDI on the host country could either be negative or positive. The research looked at time series data for NTEs and imports by category for the period 1994 to 2014. A simple Ordinary least squares regression was used. Besides FDIs, two other variables namely trade openness and real effective exchange rate index were included in the study. The results indicate that FDI have a positive effect on both NTEs and all the four categories of imports. The magnitude of the impact on NTEs was as high as that of imports in all the four categories. The implication is that much as FDI can be said to contribute to the increased NTEs, its impact on imports are equally the same and therefore has not necessarily improved the countries overall trade performance during the periods under consideration.
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Kapota, Derby Bwalya. "Investigating the impact of foreign direct investment on NTEs and imports in Zambia." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/25093.
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The need for foreign direct investment in Zambia emanated from the country's search for finance to support the diversification agenda backed by the private sector. Sectors that will see a diversified export earning capacity were identified as target areas for foreign direct investment. The expectation from such investments was that the country will see improved production capacities leading to the increase of NTEs and production of products that could only be accessed through the foreign markets. This research therefore aimed at investigating the impact of FDIs on NTEs and imports by category. This is on the theoretical backdrop of both the modernisation and dependency theories which highlights that the effects of FDI on the host country could either be negative or positive. The research looked at time series data for NTEs and imports by category for the period 1994 to 2014. A simple Ordinary least squares regression was used. Besides FDIs, two other variables namely trade openness and real effective exchange rate index were included in the study. The results indicate that FDI have a positive effect on both NTEs and all the four categories of imports. The magnitude of the impact on NTEs was as high as that of imports in all the four categories. The implication is that much as FDI can be said to contribute to the increased NTEs, its impact on imports are equally the same and therefore has not necessarily improved the countries overall trade performance during the periods under consideration.
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Dunkin, Cameron. "Chinese FDI and Zambian Development: A Critical Evaluation of the its Relevance through key Socio-Economic and Political Indicators." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/20234.
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Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2012.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Since 2000, Chinese FDI in Zambia has steadily increased. Focused predominantly on resource extraction, China is now the third largest investor in Zambia, after only the United States and South Africa. As the title suggests, this FDI is recognized as relevant to Zambia’s developmental discourse. However, with general development indicators, there is challenge in establishing immediate causality between (Chinese) FDI and development. To address this, this study employs Capability Approach development theory, which utilizes a framework to evaluate social and political realities. Utilizing this framework, key indicators are used to look more deeply into the discussion around China’s FDI for Zambia’s development. There has been a great deal of speculation as to potential costs and/or benefits Chinese FDI may offer Zambia. As China offers Zambia a partnership of non-domestic interference, unique from Zambia’s traditional western syndicates, debate is raised as to what influence it will have on Zambia’s developmental progress. With challenges including limited information, numerous potential indicators to utilize, and a large number of contributing voices, the debate thus far lacks a means for evaluating the substance of claims made within the context of national trends. This study reviews and evaluates the debate within the framework of seven key socioeconomic and political indicators. While within economic growth and infrastructure expansion Chinese FDI are shown to indicate a conduciveness to development, FDI is not shown to be conducive for market diversification, challenging corruption, or strengthening institutions. The study therefore shows that trends of Chinese FDI’s relevance to Zambian employment and state dependency to be mixed and that assessments will need to disentangle various Chinese activities and will also need to consider contradictory effects.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Sedert die jaar 2000 het Chinese direkte buitelandse belegging (DBB) in Zambië stelselmatig begin toeneem. Die groei is hoofsaaklik gekonsentreer in die hulpbron ontgunnings sektore. China is tans die derde grootste belegger in Zambia naas die Verenigde State van Amerika en Suid Afrika. Soos die titel van die tesis aandui, word DBB beskou as relevant tot Zambië se ontwikkelings dialoog. Aangesien die oorsaaklikheid tussen DBB en ontwikkeling nie maklik vasgestel kan word nie, word sleutel aanwysers gebruik om dieper in die gesprek rondom Chinese DBB ten opsigte van Zambiese ontwikkeling in te kyk. Tans is daar 'n groot mate van spekulasie aan potensiële risikos en/of voordele van Chinese DBB vir Zambië. China bied Zambië ‘n venootskap sonder inmenging in binnelandse beleid, anders as Westerse finansiering wat gekoppel word aan voorwaardes, en dit is wat die vraag lig; wat gaan die uiteindelikke invloed en effek wees op Zambiese ontwikkeling in die toekoms. Met uitdagings soos beperkte inligting, vele moontlikke aanwysers en ‘n groot aantal opinies, kort die debad tot dusver die vermoë om die waarde van argumente te evalueer binne die konteks van nasionale tendense. Hierdie studie evalueer die debat binne die raamwerk van sewe sleutel sosio-ekonomiese en politiese aanwysers. Chinese DBB word bevind om bevorderlik te wees ten opsigte van ontwikkeling in die infrastruktuur ontwikkeling- en ekonomiese groei sektore; dit word egter nie bevind as bevorderlik in terme van mark-diversifikasie, die teenkanting van korrupsie, of in die versterking van politieke instellings nie. Chinese DBB se invloed op indiensneming en op die afhanklikheid van die Zambiese staat toon gemengde resultate, en dat assesering verskeie Chinese aktiwiteite sal moet ontrafel en ook teenstrydigge effekte in gedagte moet hou.
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Kani, Felix C. "Shocks, macroeconomic policy and economic growth performance in Zambia, 1964-90 : an econometric analysis." Thesis, University of Sussex, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.318503.
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Public opinion tends to look at Zambia as some mythical land of promise, predestined to enjoy for years to come the same sort of economic bliss as during the copper price boom of 1964 -75. But there can be little doubt that one of the most striking facts of Zambia's economic history since 1964 has been poor macroeconomic performance. Since the mid 1970's Zambia's economy has experienced negative economic growth, high unemployment, rapid inflation and a weak balance of payments. This problem is crucial in the context of two-gap models. This thesis discusses the main facts about this worrying development and advances a line of argument which may well account for most of the observed facts. Prior to the Third Republic Zambian politicians tended to blame external forces for the current problems. My main contention is that that is wrong Economic difficulties arose from a combination of policy failures: growth of 'nonmarketable output', the government's politically induced tendency for crisis management, coupled with its well known propensity to delay taking corrective action, against a background of difficult initial conditions. However, since this is a thesis, both the scope and the method of investigation are limited by the time allowed for the study. What we do is to use historical data and use econometric analysis to shape my arguments, and to make them plausible. Inadequate domestic savings reflected in investment slumps, coupled with foreign exchange shortages, are shown to be the ultimate constraint on economic growth performance. The new government's liberal attitude and the fact that there is export potential in the economy offers some hope for success but the thesis draws attention to the structural rigidities which will remain a major constraint to export diversification in the short to medium term. In the long run, non-traditional exports would have to grow by some 30 percent annually if they were to become the new engine of growth. We stress that success will depend crucially on the government's macroeconomic policies being both conducive to the promotion of investment spending and supportive to the objective of restoring viability in the balance of payments.
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Magwizi, Brenda Thandekha, and Rhodes University. "Exchange rate behavior in the cases of the Zambian Kwacha and Malawian Kwacha : is there misalignment?" Thesis, Rhodes University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002708.
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The exchange rate is the price of one currency against another currency or currencies of a group of countries. Real exchange rates are important because they show the external competitiveness of a country‟s economy. Thus, when the exchange rate of a country is misaligned, this will affect its trade, production and the welfare of people. This study analysed macroeconomic determinants of the real exchange rate and dynamic adjustment of the real exchange rate as a result of shocks to these determinants. The study also determined the extent of misalignment of the real exchange rate in Malawi and Zambia and identified variables that contributed to it. Such information is important to policy makers. Quarterly data were used for both countries from 1980:1-2008:4. The literature review identified those variables that determine the exchange rate and these include government consumption, foreign aid, net foreign assets, commodity prices, terms of trade, domestic credit, openness and the Balassa Samuelson effect (technological progress). To determine the long-run relationship between the exchange rate and its determinants, we employed the Johansen approach and the Vector Error Correction Model (VECM). For robustness check on the long-run and shortrun effects of determinants on the exchange rate, variance decomposition and impulse response analyses were used. Results in the study show that in Malawi for both models, an increase in LAID, LGCON and LTOT resulted in real exchange rate depreciation and increases in LDC, NFA and LNEER resulted in an appreciation. In Zambia, increases in LAID, LGCON, LOPEN and LTOT caused the real exchange rate to depreciate while increases in LDC, NFA and LCOPPER led to an appreciation. Lagged LREER and LNEER were found to have short run effects on the equilibrium exchange rate for Malawi and lagged LCOPPER and LDC for Zambia. Periods of exchange rate misalignment were found in both countries. It was also found that the coefficient of speed of adjustment in Malawi in models 1 and 2 indicate that 11% and 27% of the variation in the real exchange rate from its equilibrium adjust each quarter respectively. The speed of adjustment for Zambia in both models was 45% and 47% respectively, higher than that of Malawi. Foreign aid has proven to be important in exchange rate misalignment in both countries, though this was not really expected in the case of Zambia. Given these results, it may be of interest to policy makers to understand which variables impact most on the exchange rate and how misalignment due to these determinants can be minimised.
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Masindi, Ntungufhadzeni Austin. "Foreign direct investment through privatisation of state-owned enterprises : a comparative analysis of South Africa and Zambia." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/51767.
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Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2000.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This assignment seeks to explore the role of privatisation in attracting foreign direct investment (FDI) to South Africa and Zambia. In doing this, literature review method based on primary and secondary documentary sources have been utilised. In order to attract FDI, the study revealed that it is necessary to get the policy environment right. Creating an investor-friendly environment which promises good return on investment in line with the international "regulatory" framework - the World Bank's International Finance Corporation (IFC) and Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA) and the World Association of Investment Promotion Agencies (WAIPA) requirements - is therefore significantly important. The World Bank regards Zambia's privatisation programme as the model for Africa. South Africa finds itself in a contradictory position. On the one hand it is the leading economic power in Africa, while on the other hand it still lags behind in terms of restructuring its parastatals. Privatisation programme in South Africa has been very slow. However, the government and other stakeholders, particularly in 1997, have been trying to get privatisation off the ground. The conclusion is that both South Africa and Zambia succeeded in attracting FDI through their processes of privatisation. In both countries major FDI inflows have been an outcome of privatisation. FDI is important for creating employment, debt reduction, empowerment, transfer of technology and managerial skills. However, these countries follow different approaches to privatisation. Due to the slow privatisation pace in South Africa, it is recommended that South Africa learn from Zambia's approach and experience. This would enable South Africa to fully explore some of the benefits of privatisation.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie opdrag ondersoek die rol van privatisering in die trek van direkte buitelandse beleggings (DBB) in Suid-Afrika en Zambie. Ten einde hierdie doelstelling te kon bereik is 'n literere oorsig van primere en sekondere bronne gedoen. Hierdie studie het bevind dat 'n gunstige beleidsomgewing DBB sal trek. Die skep van 'n beleggings-vriendelike omgewing wat goeie dividende beloof en in Iyn is met die internasionale "regulerende" raamwerk - die Wereldbank se International Finance Corporation (IFC), Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA) en World Association of Investment Promotion Agencies (WAIPA) - se vereistes is van kardinale belang. Die Wereld Bank beskou Zambie se privatiseringsprogram as die model program vir Afrika. Suid-Afrika bevind haarself in 'n teenstrydige posisie. Aan die een kant is sy Afrika se voorste ekonomiese moondheid, en aan die anderkant is die programme om haar staatsondernemings te herstruktureer nog in hul kinderskoene. Privatiseringsprogramme in Suid Afrika het tot dusver baie stadig verloop. In 1997 het die regering en ander belanghebbende partye egter privatisering van die grond af probeer kry. Die konklusie is dat beide Suid-Afrika en Zambie daarin geslaag het om DBB te lok met hul privatiseringsprogramme. In beide lande was groot DBB die uitkoms van privatisering. DBB is belangrik om werk te skep, skuld vereffening, bemagtiging, en die oordrag van tegnologie en bestuursvaardighede. Hierdie lande volg egter verskillende benaderings tot die privatiseringsproses. Vanwee die stadige privatiseringsproses in Suid Afrika word die voorstel gemaak dat Suid-Afrika by Zambie leer in hul benadering en ervaring. Dit sal Suid-Afrika toelaat om al die voordele van privatisering te ontdek.
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Gondwe, Kasonde Lwao. "The effectiveness of export processing zones : the case of Zambia." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/95566.
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Thesis (MDF)--Stellenbosch University, 2012.Export processing zones (EPZs) are policy instruments that are aimed at achieving the goal of economic development through boosting the manufacturing industry in a bid to increase and promote export. This is achieved by setting up or designating various areas or warehouses as free zones in which an environment that is friendly to manufacturing for exports, is established. Incentives such as tax exemptions for the import of required raw materials are given in these zones. EPZs are also known by other names but the most commonly used are free trade zones, industrial free zones, maquiladoras, export free zones, duty-free export processing zones, free zones and privileged zones, to mention a few. Similar to many other developing countries in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), Zambia has a bias towards export orientation as a tool of economic development. This culminated in the formulation of EPZ legislation in 2001. The EPZ act was similar to EPZ legislation in various other countries and provided for the development of an industrial park in which manufacturing for export purposes would take place for both the public and the private sector. After awarding a few companies EPZ status, the government abandoned the act and embarked on more research, resulting in the development of the multi-facility economic zone (MFEZ) in 2007. Recognition of the role of non-traditional exports (NTEs) in increasing export earnings has been important in the justification for EPZ’s development in the country. There has been a drive to attract investment into this sector by means of export-promoting policies. However, and notwithstanding the fact that numerous cost benefit studies have been undertaken to determine actual benefits of zone erection, Zambia has not yet undertaken a comprehensive synopsis of the country’s specific policies which would need to be established in order for the zone to be successful.
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Lackson, Daniel Mudenda. "Pollution, Electricity Consumption, and Income in the Context of Trade Openness in Zambia." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Nationalekonomi, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-124715.
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This paper examines the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis and tests for causality using Dynamic Ordinary Least Squares (DOLS) and the Vector Error Correction Model (VECM). There is evidence of long-run relationships in the three models under consideration. The Dynamic Ordinary Least Squares (DOLS) finds no evidence to support the existence of an environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis for Zambia in the long-run. The evidence from the long-run suggests an opposite of the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC), in that the results indicate a U-shaped curve relationship between income and carbon emission. The conclusion on causality based on the VECM is that there is evidence of neutrality hypothesis between either total electricity and income or between industrial electricity and income in the short-run Additionally, there is evidence of conservation hypothesis in the context of residential and agricultural electricity consumption.
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Musonda, Chipampata. "Spatial implications of foreign direct investment (FDI) on infrastructure delivery: A case of the City of Lusaka, Zambia." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/28080.
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The is a strong belief that FDI offers possibilities towards a development that has eluded developing countries for decades. It has become a predominant feature in development policy. The influence towards this orientation to development emanates from geopolitical dynamisms that have revolutionized global production systems at the hands of globalization. Innovations in urban economic development strategies concentrate on integrating local economies into the global market through the provision of infrastructure as the operative of global capital inflows. It is argued, however, that to exploit the full benefits of FDI, not only should the country attract the appropriate kind of investment, but its investment policy should be consistent in its interaction and engagements with the overall country's development policy regimes. Appropriateness in this argument entails that, with infrastructure identified as the primary requirement for attracting FDI, it is not only a question of being able to link the provision of infrastructure to attract investment but understanding the social-technical nature of infrastructure and its overall spatial manifestation as a function of urban form and structure. It is the spatial character underlying urban production systems, which development strategies such as FDI need to appropriately understand because it is at that interface were FDI-economic growth argument translate into economic development. Using a formulated conceptual framework based on Socio-Technical Systems (STS) theorization, the study assessed the spatial impacts of the FDI on infrastructure in the City of Lusaka in Zambia. It identified key institutions at the fulcrum of investment promotion and spatial development planning with a focus on planning and provision of network infrastructure. It also reviewed the main policies and legislation driving the FDI-led development agenda. The findings point out that national government priorities at significantly focused on the provision of infrastructure, however, on a very selective and narrow perspective. Infrastructure provision priority is in what is termed as 'economic infrastructure' argued to be the missing element in attracting FDI. What was also discovered, which in a way explains how infrastructure provision is narrowly considered, is a fragmented institutional framework resulting from inadequate legislation. The inadequacies lack of recognition of the spatial embeddedness of investment in the legislation resulting in disconnection between investment strategies formulation and spatial development planning. The overarching conclusion from the study is that to actualize the benefits of FDI substantially, the framework of regimes at the core of advancing the development goal driven by infrastructure, needs to understand the socio-technical nature of network infrastructure. A purely economic consideration of infrastructure as was discovered in the study, significantly limits FDI's contributive value to development.
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Mulenga, Chipasha. "Foreign direct investment in Zambian mining sector : the need for environmental protection and human rights." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/64626.
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Promotion of foreign direct investment in Zambia’s mining sector has been a key priority of the government ever since large scale mining commenced in the country. The sector, which confers on the country numerous benefits either from the economic or social front, has continued to grow with a number of mines being opened in most parts of the country. However, mining, by nature, leads to degradation of the environment and consequently affects the right of persons to enjoy a clean, safe and healthy environment. In light of this, it became imperative that a study is undertaken to investigate the extent to which the environment and human rights are protected from the effects of mining activities in Zambia. The purpose of undertaking this study is to suggest an approach that could be adopted in order to ensure protection of the environment from the negative effects of mining activities. In achieving this goal, a comparative approach was embraced and a qualitative method of data collection employed.
The study has revealed that foreign direct investment, environmental protection, and human rights are interrelated with one common objective– enhancing the livelihood of human beings. This is evident from the policies developed and legislation enacted to protect human rights and also control mining activities in Zambia. The study has also revealed that at the international level, standards have been developed to ensure minimisation of the effects of mining activities on the environment. However, these standards are not legally binding. A key finding of the study is that although there a number of domestic policies (such as the Mineral Resources Development Policy and National Policy on Environment) and legislation (Environmental Management Act and the Mines and Mineral Development Act) that prescribe the expected standards to be upheld by mining companies, these do not contain adequate mechanisms to curtail environmentally degrading mining activities. Furthermore, institutions such as the Human Rights Commission, Mines Safety Department and Zambia Environmental Management Agency that have the responsibility of ensuring that mining companies comply with the applicable legislation have not been effective in this regard largely as a result of the numerous challenges that they face, including insufficient funding, inadequate capacity and political interference. This has led some spirited non-governmental organisations to bring court actions against erring mining companies. The analysis of the decisions rendered by the courts shows that the courts have, in these cases, taken a dim view of claims brought before them by complainants against the actions of respondent mining companies.
The thesis concludes that while there has been an increase in investment in the mining sector, there are no corresponding legislative or policy measures to curtail mining activities that have negative impacts on the environment. The absence of such measures has left mining companies at liberty to act with impunity at the expense of a sound environment and consequentially, protection of the human rights of persons that live in the vicinity of the mines. It is therefore argued that the framework for foreign investment has neither facilitated protection of the environment nor guaranteed respect for human rights. In order to address this problem, a suggestion is made to the effect that Zambia's legislation needs to adopt some of the best practices that exist in the mining and environmental legislation enacted by some SADC Member States. Doing so would ensure mutual reinforcement of the framework on foreign direct investment and mining on the one hand, and environmental protection and human rights on the other.Mini Dissertation (LLM)--University of Pretoria, 2017.
Centre for Human Rights
LLD
Unrestricted
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Yamamoto, Makiko. "How Is Foreign Technology Adapted by People ?: A Case Study of a Small-Scale Irrigation Technology Project in Northern Province, Zambia." Doctoral thesis, Kyoto University, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/263366.
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Nyasulu, Themba [Verfasser], Wilhelm [Gutachter] Löwenstein, and Dieter [Gutachter] Bender. "Foreign direct investment and inclusive growth : comparative evidence from Zambia and Malawi / Themba Nyasulu ; Gutachter: Wilhelm Löwenstein, Dieter Bender ; IEE, International Development Studies." Bochum : Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1169397298/34.
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Eliassen, Ina Eirin. "Chinese investments in the Zambian textile and clothing industry and their implications for development." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/20313.
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Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2012.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This thesis is a contribution to the “China in Africa” debate. Chinese development assistance includes Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), and recent literature argues a significant proportion of FDI goes to the manufacturing sector in African countries. FDI allocated to industry have the potential to create employment and reduce poverty. This paper takes Zambia as a case, and looks at the textile and clothing industry as a sub- sector of the manufacturing sector. The textile and clothing industry is seen as especially appropriate for Zambia, as it; (i) adds value to natural resources; (ii) creates links to other sectors of the economy; (iii) require only basic skills; and (iv) is labour intensive. Based on primary and secondary data, this paper seeks to understand how Chinese FDI in the Zambian textile and clothing industry impact economic development, measured by; (i) formal employment creation; (ii) technology and skill transfer; (iii) state revenue; and lastly (iv) market creation of the products. Through looking at Zambian national plans and institutions, the cotton-textile-garment value chain and the organisation of Chinese companies in Zambia, this paper found currently no textile and clothing manufacturing under Chinese investors. Although, cotton quality in Zambia has improved, the majority is exported out of the continent. There are currently few textile mills left and the clothing manufacturers largely use imported inputs. Second hand clothes and cheap imports from Asian countries, have taken over large parts of the domestic market for textile and clothing in Zambia. The largest integrated textile mill was the Zambia China Mulungushi Textiles (ZCMT) operating under Chinese investors between 1997 and 2007. Findings show that the Chinese management casualised the workforce, leading to more informal employment. In addition, there were few records of skill transfer to Zambian workers, although there were investments in improving technology. This paper explores the different reasons for the TC mill to close and argue that it was not viable under a liberal market. The Zambian workers were unhappy with the labour system, wage levels and terms of employment, which caused violent riots and strikes up until closure in 2007. The Chinese management was unable to restructure the work force enough to be cost effective and to stay in business. The Lusaka East Multi Facility Economic Zone (MFEZ) is under construction, and will focus on textiles and the supportive links in the industry. It is yet to be seen, how it impacts local economic development. Based on the assumptions of economic development, this paper shows limited impact of Chinese FDI in the Zambian textile and clothing industry.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie tesis is 'n bydrae tot die "China in Afrika” debat. Die Chinese ontwikkelings hulp sluit buitelandse direkte investering (FDI) in, en die onlangse literatuur beweer dat 'n belangrike deel van FDI na die vervaardigingsektor in Afrika-lande gaan. FDI toegeken aan die industrie het die potensiaal om werk te skep en armoede to verminder. Hierdie verhandeling neem Zambië as 'n geval, en kyk na die tekstiel-en klere-industrie as 'n subsektor van die vervaardigingsektor. Die tekstiel en klere bedryf is veral geskik vir Zambië, daar dit; (i) waarde toevoeg tot natuurlike hulpbronne; (ii) skakels skep na ander sektore van die ekonomie; (iii) slegs basiese vaardighede word vereis; (iv) arbeidsintensief is. Deur middel van primêre en sekondêre data, word in hierdie verhandeling gepoog om die impak van die Chinese FDI in die Zambiese tekstiel-en klere-industrie, op die ekonomiese ontwikkeling vas te stel, soos gemeet aan; (i) formele werkskepping; (ii) tegnologie en vaardigheids oordrag; (iii) die staat se inkomste; en laastens ( iv) die skepping van ‘n mark vir die produkte. Deur te kyk na die Zambiese nasionale planne en instellings, die katoen-tekstiel-kleed waardeketting, en die organisasie van die Chinese maatskappye in Zambië, het hierdie verhandeling bevind dat daar tans geen tekstiel-en klere vervaardiging onder Chinese beleggers is nie. Hoewel die gehalte van die katoen in Zambië verbeter het, is die meeste buite die vasteland uitgevoer. Daar is tans min tekstielfabrieke oor, en die klerevervaardigers gebruik grootliks ingevoerde insette. Tweedehandse klere en goedkoop invoere uit Asiatiese lande, het grootliks die binnelandse mark vir tekstiel en klere in Zambië oorgeneem. Die grootste geïntegreerde tekstiel fabriek was die Zambië China Mulungushi Textiles (ZCMT) wat tussen 1997 en 2007 onder Chinese beleggers was. Bevindinge toon dat die Chinese bestuur niepermanente aanstellings gemaak het, wat gelei het tot meer informele indiensneming. Verder, is daar min rekord van vaardigheids-oordrag na die Zambiese werkers, maar daar was beleggings in die verbetering van tegnologie gedoen. Hierdie verhandeling ondersoek die verskillende redes vir die TC meul/fabriek se sluiting, en bevind dat dit nie lewensvatbaar in 'n vrye mark was nie. Die Zambiese werkers was ontevrede met die arbeidstelsel, loonvlakke en terme van indiensneming, wat gewelddadige onluste en stakings veroorsaak het tot die sluiting in 2007. Die Chinese bestuur was nie in staat om die arbeidsmag te herstruktureer om koste-effektief genoeg te wees nie. Die Lusaka-Ooste Multi Fasiliteit Ekonomiese Sone (MFEZ) is onder konstruksie en sal fokus op die tekstiel en die ondersteunende skakels in die bedryf. Dit moet nog gesien word hoe dit die plaaslike ekonomiese ontwikkeling beïinvloed. Op grond van die aannames van ekonomiese ontwikkeling, toon hierdie ondersoek ‘n beperkte impak van die Chinese FDI in die Zambiese tekstiel en klere bedryf aan.
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Sichula, Mwembe. "Impact of the global financial crisis and its implications for the Zambian banking sector: an econometric study." Thesis, University Of Cape Town, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/29936.
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The research examines how the banking sector in Zambia faired in the wake of the global
financial crisis, and the ensuing global recession that followed. Even prior to the crisis,
weaknesses within the Zambian Banking sector were already identified by a World Bank/IMF financial sector assessment. The research therefore aims to gain a better understanding of the potential destabilizing factors to the Zambia Banking sector, and provide key players (Policymakers, Regulators and Banks) with knowledge on how best to manage and overcome these adverse effects, in times of a financial crisis. A Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) is estimated using commonly identified macroeconomic and banking sector indicators from selected Anglophonic African countries that were affected by the crisis at the time. The selected variables include, Return on Assets (ROA); Non-Performing Loans (NPL); Foreign Assets (FA); Interbank Lending Rate (IBLR); Liquidity (LQD); Credit to Private Sector (PRV); Foreign Exchange Rate (FOREX); Inflation (INFL); Copper Price (CU); and a ‘dummy’ variable (CRISIS). The direction of causality between the variables is further established using the VAR Granger Causality Test. Results of the model suggests that although the CRISIS was found to cause the ROA, it had no significant effect on its outcome, implying that overall the crisis had very little effect on the Zambian banking sector’s profitability. It was the liquidity (LQD) variable instead which was found to have a significant effect on the ROA. In times of a financial crisis, it is therefore recommended that policy makers and regulators apply more stringent regulatory and monetary policy instruments. This would counter the adverse effects on the liquidity and profitability of the Banking sector, and thus ensure its stability.
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Kaonga, Mwaka. "The stability of the foreign exchange auction in Zambia." 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/17149.
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Kapasa, Mukupa. "Mining windfall taxes in Zambia: utilisation and impact on foreign direct investment." Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/3230.
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Salim, Sadik Nurdin. "Critical analysis of the foreign direct investment framework in Tanzania and Zambia." 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/3891.
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"Zambia : conflict and co-operation in Southern Africa, 1964-1988." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/12571.
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M.A. (History)In the last three decades Zambia's relations with neighboring states in southern Africa have undergone many changes and have fluctuated from one extreme to the other. From having been in a "state of war" with some of her neighbors, and then having moved away from this to a state where co-operation has taken place, illustrates the extremities of the two poles between which Zambia's foreign relations function. The factors which have influenced this ever changing foreign policy are extremely complex and are intricately interwoven. No single factor can be identified as the most important, although the geographical constraints of Zambia's position, and the many factors which are linked to them, tend to dominate the making of foreign policy. The main dilemma facing Zambia is that she is economically dependent on the countries with which she has had poor relations. While having had to criticize, condemn and be actively involved in attempting to bring an end to the racial policies followed by some of her southern African neighbors, she has also had to, at times, back down on her criticisms when economic or military reprisals from these neighboring states hate detrimentally affected her own position too much. However, when having backed down, or modified her aggressive attitude to these minority governments, she has, as a FrontIine State incurred the wrath of certain independent African states. Because of this fluctuating foreign policy, President Kenneth Kaunda of Zambia, has been accused of following a policy of "gross duplicity," as well as of backing down when the price of principles has become too high.
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Jacobs, Mzamo Wilson. "Zambia, the ANC and the struggle against apartheid, 1964-1990." Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/13401.
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Van, Der Werf Wytske. "Large-scale foreign land investments in Africa with particular attention to the case of Zambia." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/11579.
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This study analyses large-scale foreign land investments, the trends, the drivers, the
actors and the extent. It focuses on Africa and on Zambia in particular. In addition, it
aims to understand the role of smallholder farmers and of host governments in these
investments. Further, it seeks to establish how large-scale foreign land investments
can contribute to economic development in host countries. The study draws on a large
body of literature as well as interviews and data provided by a number of
organisations in Zambia. The research shows that in global terms Africa receives most
interest, with investors mostly based in Europe and Asia. The single largest investing
country is, however, South Africa. Aside from traditional agribusinesses, newly
established biofuel companies, investors and governments have become involved in
land deals. These actors are driven by high oil prices, biofuel policies, high food
prices, the financial crisis and general climate change considerations.
From Zambia’s experience it is argued that if large-scale foreign land investment is to
contribute to economic development and poverty reduction, smallholder farmers, who
make up a large part of the rural poor, must be included in a fair way. Rather than
using small-scale farmers for taking risks, such as exist with new crops and rain-fed
crops, these farmers should be sufficiently supported and given a fair share for their
produce. In addition, they should not be forced off their lands and be encouraged to
keep part of their land for their own food production. Experiences to date however,
show that investors are more interested in short term profit rather than the
development of the local area. Many projects have been reported to have displaced the
local population, have created only a limited number of jobs at low wages and in
general have not generated considerable economic growth.
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Rapanyane, Makhura Benjamin. "An afrocentric critique of the foreign policy of republic of China towards Africa : case study of Zambia, 2010-2018." Thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/3437.
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Thesis (M.A. (International Politics)) -- University of Limpopo, 2020The foreign policy of the Republic of China (PRC) has been a considerable subject for debate in the past two decades. This is because China has turned its attention towards Africa, seen with the establishment of Forum on China-Africa Cooperation (FOCAC) in the early 2000s. Another reason for this debate is found in the fact that after FOCAC’s initiation, China has managed to become the largest trade partner of the African continent and the second biggest economy in the past two decades. Generally, China-Africa relations are largely a by-product of economic and political orientations. In the context of the above, this study uses a case study design to critique the foreign policy of China towards Africa. This case study design uses Zambia as a test case to critique the post-2010 Chinese foreign policy towards Africa. This is done by constructing and analysing China’s Africa policy and subsequently, locating China’s International relations with Zambia. To a great extent, this study imparts historical sensibility as it locates China’s international relations with Zambia from as far as during the colonial period. The consideration of historicity in this study draws fundamentally from the fact that the past always provides a resonate basis for comprehending the present and the future. In this study, the researcher advocate for the utility of Afrocentricity as a substitute theoretical framework important in apprehending China’s foreign policy towards Africa. The adoption and utility of this paradigm in this study are informed highly by its ability in spotlighting and highlighting the Asian tiger (China)’s international relations with Zambia. It is believed in this study that a profound comprehension of China’s Zambia policy can be realised when such interpretations and analysis are deeply found in the continental context of the African continent. Equally important are the objectives of this study which were realised, methodologically, through the use of document review. In consideration of the case study of Zambia, It is important to highlight that China ground-roots its engagement with Zambia on several factors of which the leading are: investment, international legitimacy and market drive. To add, Zambia’s stable political and economic environments continue to play a key role in the two countries' interrelations. This is so, even though some of the Chinese companies operating in Zambia are still unfamiliar with the practice of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). Overall, the concept of CSR should be in the leading front when it comes to the operations of Chinese companies in Zambia’s economic stakeholders.
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Mwelwa, Joseph Mulenga. "The didactics of an English-Bemba anthology of oral traditional narratives in the Zambian Grade Ten literature class." Thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/20201.
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Within the multilingual context of Zambia, Grade Ten Literature in English language pedagogy could incorporate the learners’ language and culture to help enrich participation and facilitate understanding of concepts among the learners who are in the foundational year of the literature course. However, current Literature in English language pedagogy is characterized by a monolingual practice with English dominating the literature learning/teaching classroom space – thus rendering the learners’ local linguistic and cultural knowledge impotent. To remedy the situation, the study investigated a dominant local language – Bemba – for a linguistic genre suitable for use in Literature in English language pedagogy. Archival retrieval and live recording of Bemba oral traditional narratives produced the initial research data. Transcription and translation techniques created an anthology from which a bilingual resource (BR) was derived. The BR was then trialled among Grade Ten Literature in English language learners in schools in the Copperbelt province of Zambia. Focus group discussions by participants generated evaluative data whose analysis using qualitative techniques indicate that learners responded positively to the bilingual materials and approach. Teachers were equally enthusiastic, describing the bilingual approach to Literature in English language pedagogy as unique, innovative and liberating. A Linguistic Synergy theory was thus developed to account for teachers’ and learners’ experiences in a bilingual Literature in English classroom.English Studies
D. Litt. et Phil. (English)
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Achberger, Jessica Lynn. "Strategic self depreciation : the development of Communist China’s foreign policy towards Africa, 1954-1964." Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/ETD-UT-2010-12-2169.
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The growing importance of China in Africa today makes the examination of the history of Communist China’s foreign policy towards Africa a necessary undertaking. In recent years, there has been an escalation of attention paid to China’s political and economic role in developing nations, with particular attention granted to China’s policies in African countries. However, China did not just begin to pay attention to Africa at the close of the twentieth century, and it is the purpose of this paper to look at the beginnings of these policies. Chronologically, this paper focuses on the birth and early evolution of China’s foreign policy towards Africa, namely from the years 1954 to 1964. These dates represent not only the beginning, but also a significant change in China’s foreign policies towards Africa. While many of the policies adopted and adapted by Communist China during this period were to encompass the whole of the emerging third world, this paper focuses on Africa, and in particular Zambia for more specific examples. China played an important role in the newly independent nations of Africa in the early 1960s, and it continues to play a significant, and often controversial, role there today.text
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Beyongo, Mukete Dynamic. "Regulating Foreign Direct Investments in Resource-Dependent African Countries: The case of Chinese Investments in Zambia’s Copper Mining Sector." Phd thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/149531.
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Several studies have examined the diverse social, economic and
political impacts of Chinese investments on African countries.
While some studies argue that Chinese investments has positively
impacted on these countries, others claim that it has led to the
weakening of local regulations and local industries. Throughout
many aspects of this debate, scholars and commentators tend to
consider African actors and agents as passive objects shaped by
Chinese investments, often neglecting the subtle ways in which
local actors and institutions interact with Chinese investments
to both resist and shape various outcomes. This thesis addresses
this oversight in the specific context of safety and
environmental regulations of Chinese investments in Zambia’s
copper mining sector.
The thesis adopts a political economy approach, which contends
that host country actors and institutions both resist and
cooperate with foreign companies to shape investments practices.
In particular, some local actors have responded to Foreign Direct
investments (FDI) by re-vamping domestic institutions to counter
more effectively the negative impact of FDI. I use this approach
to examine how local actors have responded to events and
practices involving two Chinese mining companies operating in
Zambia. My analysis and findings draw on over six month’s field
work in Zambia during which time I conducted 69 interviews, and
extensive desk-based research.
The thesis demonstrates that, at least partly due to pressure
from local actors—unions, bureaucrats and elected government
officials – both Chinese mining companies improved their
regulatory standards: one being pressured to adopt substantial
improvements in its safety regulations and practices, and the
second compensating victims of pollution and installing emissions
monitoring devices. In addition, the Zambian government increased
funding to regulatory agencies and re-structured safety and
environmental regulations in the mining sector. It also
introduced new laws and measures that increased the power of
mining regulatory officials and enabled local community members
to take legal action against mining companies for compensation
due to damages caused by the mines.
While most analyses of the impact of FDI on Zambia focuses on
State-Business relations, I look beyond this dyadic relationship
to argue that diverse actors and factors have shaped and
influenced regulatory processes and outcomes in subtle ways. Any
comprehensive analysis of the impact of Chinese FDI on Zambia
needs to factor in the roles played by these diverse actors.
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Chipili, Denson. "The use of short stories for CLT in senior ESL classes in Zambia." Diss., 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/9293.
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Teaching ESL continues to pose a big challenge in most schools in Zambia. This is due to the paucity of teaching resources. While the number of schools has increased, there has not been a corresponding increase in funding due to economic reasons. This study arose from the desire to find alternative resources to teach English as a second language effectively within the communicative language teaching (CLT) framework. A review of available literature has shown that literature can help students to acquire the four language skills: reading, writing, listening and speaking.English Studies
M. A.
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Saungweme, Talknice. "Public debt, public debt service and economic growth nexus: empirical evidence from three Southern African countries." Thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/27208.
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This study examines the public debt, public debt service and economic growth nexus in Zambia, Zimbabwe and South Africa using time-series data from 1970 to 2017. This research provides empirical evidence to contribute, firstly, to the ongoing public policy debate regarding the dynamic relationship between public debt, public debt service and economic growth, and their causal relationship; and secondly, to the relative impact of domestic and foreign public debt on economic growth in the selected study countries. For this purpose, four empirical models were utilised and estimated using the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) bounds to cointegration and the error correction ARDL-based causality test. Model 1 explored the impact of aggregate public debt on economic growth, while Model 2 investigated the relative impact of domestic and foreign public debt on economic growth. Model 3 examined the impact of public debt service on economic growth, whereas the causality between aggregate public debt and economic growth, and between public debt service and economic growth is tested in Model 4a and Model 4b, respectively. Results show that in Model 1, aggregate public debt has a positive impact on economic growth in Zambia but is negative in Zimbabwe and South Africa. In Model 2, domestic public debt negatively impacts economic growth in Zambia and Zimbabwe and positive impact in South Africa. In addition, foreign public debt has a positive impact on economic growth in Zambia and negative impact in Zimbabwe and South Africa. The results from Model 3 largely support a negative relationship between public debt service and economic growth in Zambia and Zimbabwe, and an insignificant relationship in South Africa. The causality results for Model 4a indicate that it is economic growth that drives public debt in all the study countries. Finally, no causal relationship between public debt service and economic growth was confirmed in all the study countries (Model 4b).Economics
D. Phil. (Economics)