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Journal articles on the topic 'Foreign Zambia'
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1
John Barton, Stuart. "Sino-substitution: Chinese foreign direct investment in Zambia." Journal of Chinese Economic and Foreign Trade Studies 7, no. 2 (May 27, 2014): 90–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jcefts-08-2013-0025.
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Purpose – This paper aims to establish the level (if any) of Chinese State influence on setting the terms of Foreign Direct Investment in Zambia, specifically their influence on improving access for Chinese investors through the establishment of Special Economic Zones. Design/methodology/approach – The paper presents a process trace to test primary archival data and elite interviews against growing academic and popular “China in Africa” literature. Findings – After examining primary data, existing academic and popular literature is found to poorly describe China’s economic influence in Zambia, primarily by largely speculating on non-evident coercive investment practices. Instead, the paper concludes that similarities between new Chinese investment and retreating Western sources in Africa can better be described as “Sino-Substitution”. Research limitations/implications – The primary research has focused on English language Zambian sources; access to further Chinese sources would improve the breadth of the study. Practical implications – The study has found the terms of new Chinese investment in Zambia to be far more calculated, consensual and symbiotic than described in the existing literature. This more balanced view of Chinese investment is important if other foreign investors are to retain or regain competitive advantage in the region. Originality/value – No existing research has traced empirically the process through which the Zambian Government developed Special Economic Zones into the country’s largest investment vehicle, or how Chinese investment came to dominant capital flows within them. As investment in these zones grows, a better understanding of the Zambia–China relationship should help other investors compete, and improve Zambia’s access to capital.
2
Mtesa, Love. "Commentary: Developing Countries Perspective on Agricultural Liberalization." Global Economy Journal 5, no. 4 (December 7, 2005): 1850053. http://dx.doi.org/10.2202/1524-5861.1140.
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A commentary on Patrick Messerlin's article, "Agricultural Trade Liberalization." Love Mtesa is Zambian Ambassador to the United Nations and other international organizations in Geneva, including the WTO. He is the Coordinator for the Least Developed Countries at the Ambassadorial level. Ambassador Mtesa joined the Zambian Foreign Service in 1966 and later served [in]: Kinshasa, Congo; Addis Ababa, Ethiopa; as Director of the African and Middle East Department in the Zambian Ministry of Foreign Affairs; Harare, Zimbabwe; as Zambia’s Permanent Representative at the United Nations in New York; and as Zambian Ambassador to Great Britain and other European nations. He has also been active in opposition politics in Zambia for a number of years.
3
Tsaurai, Kunofiwa. "Foreign capital flows, exports and growth in Zambia." Risk Governance and Control: Financial Markets and Institutions 5, no. 4 (2015): 26–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/rgcv5i4art3.
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This study investigates the causality between FDI net inflows, exports and GDP using Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) approach. The words foreign capital flows and FDI are used interchangeably in this study. The findings from the VECM estimation technique is six fold: (1) the study revealed a long run causality relationship running from exports and GDP towards FDI, (2) the study showed a non–significant long run causality relationship running from FDI and exports towards GDP and (3) the existence of a weak long run causality relationship running from FDI and GDP towards exports in Zambia. The study also found out that no short run causality relationship that runs from FDI and exports towards GDP, short run causality running from FDI and GDP towards exports does not exist and there is no short run causality relationship running from exports and GDP towards FDI. Contrary to the theory which says that FDI brings along with it a whole lot of advantages (FDI technological diffusion and spill over effects), the current study found that the impact of FDI in Zambia is not significant in the long run. This is possibly because certain host country locational characteristics that ensures that Zambia can benefit from FDI inflows are not in place or they might be in place but still not yet reached a certain minimum threshold levels. This might be an interesting area for further research. On the backdrop of the findings of this study, the author recommends that the Zambian authorities should formulate and implement export promotion strategies and economic growth enhancement initiatives in order to be able to attract more FDI.
4
Haworth, Alan. "Foreign Report: Psychiatry in Zambia." Bulletin of the Royal College of Psychiatrists 12, no. 4 (April 1988): 127–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.12.4.127.
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That a hospital in an African country has just celebrated 25 years of its existence may not seem a particularly newsworthy event but I hope that the story I have to tell will prove to be interesting and maybe even instructive for many more colleagues than those having a special interest in Africa. My own qualification for recounting the story is that I have worked at Chainama Hills Hospital since September 1964, just 15 months after it was opened.
5
Kydd, Jonathan. "Coffee After Copper? Structural Adjustment, Liberalisation, and Agriculture in Zambia." Journal of Modern African Studies 26, no. 2 (June 1988): 227–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x00010454.
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In contrast to its policies in the economic sphere, Zambia has one of Africa's most liberal approaches to press freedom. To convey the flavour of public debate during, or immediately after, the 19-month experiment with a market-determined exchange rate, 10 quotations are presented below:Large scale mining will continue for 12 to 20 years, but small-working may go on for 50–60 years.– Francis Kaunda, Chairman, Zambia Consolidated Copper Mines, June 1987.Coffe after copper.– Campaign slogan of the Coffee Growers Committee of the Commercial Farmers' Bureau.Even real socialist countries have to find and use foreign exchange.– Kebby Musokotwane, Prime Minister, replying to a question in the National Assembly, August 1986.Zambia's cardinal mistake was to subsidise consumption for a long time, thereby delaying diversification.– Kenneth Kaunda, President of Zambia, May 1986.The economic reform programme has begun to succeed: devaluation has stimulated exports.– Kenneth Kaunda, August 1936, Opening the 21st U.N.I.P. National Council Meeting.It was not socialist principles which ruined the Zambian economy, but unfavourable economic terms which the North has imposed on the South…I have no power…we agreed to the IMF reform programme much against out better judgement.– Kenneth Kaunda, August 1986, interviewed by Swedish, West German, and Cuban journalists.
6
Kragelund, Peter. "Bringing ‘indigenous’ ownership back: Chinese presence and the Citizen Economic Empowerment Commission in Zambia." Journal of Modern African Studies 50, no. 3 (September 2012): 447–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x12000195.
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ABSTRACTAfrican economies are currently experiencing an upsurge in foreign ownership of key parts of their economies. This, however, is not new, and in the wake of independence several African countries pursued indigenisation policies to bring ownership back to their own citizens. Now indigenisation policies thrive again, this time disguised in terms such as ‘empowerment’, but just as politicised as in the 1970s. Zambia is at the heart of this development. In the light of liberalisation, booming commodity prices and the increasing importance of Chinese investors, this article seeks to further our understanding of how processes of exclusion interact with domestic politics in Zambia. It argues that the Citizens Economic Empowerment Commission, a new institution to bring ownership back to Zambians, builds on a long tradition of nationalist policies in Zambia, while its actual work is strictly related to the critique of the growing foreign dominance over the economy, and in particular of the upsurge in Chinese investments.
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Andronova, Inna V., Lubinda Haabazoka, and Aaron Mwewa Kasonde. "The government policy of Zambia on attracting foreign direct investment and its effectiveness." RUDN Journal of Economics 30, no. 1 (March 30, 2022): 33–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-2329-2022-30-1-33-44.
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Investment policy has always played one of the most important roles in the development of the national economy. Foreign direct investment is interconnected with the activities of multinational companies and the opportunities that can be obtained by the host country. The article reveals the investment policy of Zambia and the role played by the public sector in it. The identified competitive advantages prove that Zambia has significant investment potential even though the country does not have direct access to the sea. Significant reserves of mineral raw materials confirm the energy and resource security of the economy, which is the area for investment by both national and foreign companies. The authors pay attention to several important problems of socio-economic significance, which complicate the effective and full functioning of the economy. The authors found that there are not enough studies in the domestic and foreign literature on the investment potential of Zambia. The study of inward investment activity showed that free economic zones are the most effective tool for attracting FDI, while the extractive sector remains the most attractive in this area. A comparative analysis of the disadvantages and advantages of the Zambian economy, conducted by the authors, proves that the state has the necessary elements of investment attractiveness. However, it was noted that the arrival of investments in the country should also meet the socio-economic interests of the state.
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Andronova, Inna V., Lubinda Haabazoka, and Aaron Mwewa Kasonde. "The government policy of Zambia on attracting foreign direct investment and its effectiveness." RUDN Journal of Economics 30, no. 1 (March 30, 2022): 33–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-2329-2022-30-1-33-44.
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Investment policy has always played one of the most important roles in the development of the national economy. Foreign direct investment is interconnected with the activities of multinational companies and the opportunities that can be obtained by the host country. The article reveals the investment policy of Zambia and the role played by the public sector in it. The identified competitive advantages prove that Zambia has significant investment potential even though the country does not have direct access to the sea. Significant reserves of mineral raw materials confirm the energy and resource security of the economy, which is the area for investment by both national and foreign companies. The authors pay attention to several important problems of socio-economic significance, which complicate the effective and full functioning of the economy. The authors found that there are not enough studies in the domestic and foreign literature on the investment potential of Zambia. The study of inward investment activity showed that free economic zones are the most effective tool for attracting FDI, while the extractive sector remains the most attractive in this area. A comparative analysis of the disadvantages and advantages of the Zambian economy, conducted by the authors, proves that the state has the necessary elements of investment attractiveness. However, it was noted that the arrival of investments in the country should also meet the socio-economic interests of the state.
9
Simabwachi, M. "Creation and Preservation of Business History: The Selection Trust and Anglo-American Corporation Archives in Zambia's Copperbelt." Historia 67, no. 2 (November 2022): 90–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2309-8392/2022/v67n2a4.
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Based on original archival research and oral interviews, this article examines archives creation and the preservation of the history of the multinational mining companies of Selection Trust (ST) and Anglo-American Corporation (AAC) in Zambia's Copperbelt region between 1922 and 2000. The investment of foreign capital by multinational companies in the Copperbelt mines from the 1920s, marked the genesis and formal preservation of business archives in the Copperbelt. This article argues that although the ST and ACC archives were privately owned and strictly preserved for corporate interests and administrative efficiency, these documents eventually became publicly available because of Zambia's political independence and the nationalisation of the mining industry in the 1960s. In the early 1970s, the United National Independence Party (UNIP) government nationalised the Zambian mines and merged the two multinational companies to form the Zambia Consolidated Copper Mines (ZCCM). Consequently, in 1982, the ST and ACC archives were merged. However, following the complete privatisation of the mining industry in 2000 the identity of mining archives reverted to private entities. This article provides new and significant insights into the power and role of regional and local political-economic shifts in determining the nature and identity of business archives in Zambia.
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Iyke, Bernard Njindan, and Nicholas M. Odhiambo. "Foreign exchange markets and the purchasing power parity theory." African Journal of Economic and Management Studies 8, no. 1 (March 13, 2017): 89–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ajems-03-2017-147.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the validity of the purchasing power parity (PPP) hypothesis for two Southern African countries, namely: Lesotho and Zambia. Design/methodology/approach The authors utilized four econometric tests to examine the existence of the PPP hypothesis in Lesotho and Zambia. These tests include two unit root tests without structural breaks – the Dickey-Fuller generalized least squares (DF-GLS) test and the Ng-Perron test; and two unit root tests with structural breaks – the Perron test and the Zivot-Andrews test. The authors’ empirical analysis is based on an annual data set with varying time periods. The sample period spanned 1960-2010 and 1955-2010, for Lesotho and Zambia, respectively. Findings The authors found that the PPP hypothesis was supported in the case of Lesotho, but rejected in the case of Zambia. Originality/value This paper is the first to simultaneously explore the exchange rate policies, trends, and the PPP for these two countries. The implication of this finding is that Lesotho is unlikely to profit immensely from trade and investment arbitrages; whereas Zambia is more likely to profit immensely from trade and investment arbitrage by trading with the USA. Moreover, the authors’ findings indicate that the PPP doctrine may be a useful guide for the exchange rate and other macroeconomic adjustment policies in Lesotho but not in Zambia.
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Gondwe, Gregory. "China’s Media Expansion in Zambia: Influence on Government, Commercial, Community, and Religious Media." Journalism and Media 3, no. 4 (December 1, 2022): 784–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/journalmedia3040052.
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This study examines how news about China is presented, spread and impacts the diversity of opinions in state-owned, commercial, community, and religious media outlets in Zambia. Drawing from the 2012–2021 data, and guided by intermedia agenda-setting theory, we provide evidence of the counter-attitudinal influence of news content on China across the four media categories. While state-owned media emphasized issues of privatization, and government and foreign policies, community and religious media focused on issues of environmental degradation, poor labor conditions, and mining. Commercial media mirrored state-owned media, a trend also reflected in community and religious media outlets across time. These findings suggest that China shapes how the media in Zambia present content about China. As observed, over the years, China is positively presented in the Zambian media.
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Augustine, Ujunwa, Okoyeuzu Chinwe, Igwe Anthony, and Wilfred Ukpere. "Economic and social issues related to foreign land grab and capacity building in Zambian Agricultural economy." Problems and Perspectives in Management 14, no. 4 (December 23, 2016): 236–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ppm.14(4-1).2016.13.
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This paper focuses on the recent land grab in Zambia for agricultural investment. The paper explores the history of foreign land acquisition and shows the dynamics that led to the liberalization of land market in Zambia. The research argues that despite the negative effect of these investments, the government can leverage this opportunity to place the country on the trajectory of growth, especially in the area of capacity development through skill acquisition. This can be achieved by structuring the contract to contain some performance requirements that investors are expected to contribute to the local people. Keywords: land grab, foreign agricultural investment, capacity development. JEL Classification: Q1
13
Njovu, John. "The role of Zambian civil society in evaluation." Evaluation Matters—He Take Tō Te Aromatawai 7 (December 20, 2021): 158–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.18296/em.0072.
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Without active civil society and their evaluations, Zambia would still be a colonised nation. It is the welfare societies and cultural groups of indigenous Africans that were the foundation for the political movements that fought for its independence from the British. After political independence, civil society grew because of the 1970s global oil and financial crises. This was to mitigate the adverse effects on ordinary citizens of the conditionality of borrowing from the World Bank, the International Monetary Fund, and developed nations. The increase in foreign development assistance led to an increase in development projects and programmes along with their associated internal management requirements for monitoring and evaluation (M&E). Government, during this time, also started to formulate plans and programmes that required components of M&E (for example, poverty reduction strategies). After the 2005 Paris Declaration on Aid Effectiveness, M&E rose to prominence in Zambia’s national development processes. Civil society played a major role in the return to multi-party democracy politics of Zambia in 1991. Post 1991, it began to also play a major role in M&E governance and ensuring that the democratic gains of 1991 were protected. Part of the demand for external M&E capacity development was to enhance its watchdog role over the Zambian government. Though the government recognises civil society as a partner in national democratic processes, it is sometimes mistrustful and hostile to evaluation revelations that are critical of government. There remains a need to strengthen this partnership to ensure that national evaluation capacities are developed. Improved capacities will in turn lead to good governance and public service delivery in Zambia. In this way, sustainable development goals will be attained, and no one will be left behind.
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Chabalenge, Billy, Elimas Jere, Namuchindo Nanyangwe, Christabel Hikaambo, Steward Mudenda, Michelo Banda, Aubrey Kalungia, and Scott Matafwali. "Substandard and falsified medical product recalls in Zambia from 2018 to 2021 and implications on the quality surveillance systems." Journal of Medicine Access 6 (January 2022): 275508342211417. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/27550834221141767.
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Background: Substandard and falsified (SF) medical products are removed from circulation through a process called ‘product recall’ by medicines regulatory agencies. In Zambia, the Zambia Medicines Regulatory Authority (ZAMRA) is responsible for recalling SF medical products from the Zambian market through passive and active surveillance methods. This study aimed to describe the prevalence of recalls of SF medical products and to analyse the frequently recalled therapeutic categories, dosage forms, categories of defects that led to the recalls and their sources with respect to the country of the marketing authorisation holder (MAH) or manufacturer. Methods: We conducted a descriptive cross-sectional review of the product recalls issued by ZAMRA between January 2018 and December 2021. A search for all medical product alerts and recalls issued by ZAMRA was carried out by reviewing the internal post-marketing surveillance database kept at ZAMRA headquarters. Data were extracted using a structured Excel database and analysed using Microsoft Excel. Results: A total of 119 alerts were received during the review period, of which 83 (69.7%) were product recalls. Oral solid dosage forms were the most recalled dosage form (53%). Furthermore, the number of recalls increased in 2020 (44.6%) and 2021 (22.9%), with the majority (20.5%) of the recalled products being substandard products classified as antiseptics and disinfectants and were attributed to the high demand during the COVID-19 pandemic. Manufacturing laboratory control issues were the reason for product recall in almost half (47.4%) of the cases. Most of the products recalled originated from India (38.6%), followed by Zambia (25.3%). Only one suspected falsified product was recalled between 2018 and 2021. A total of 66 recalls of the 83 products were initiated by ZAMRA, with only 17 voluntarily by foreign MAHs. No product recall was initiated by the local representatives of foreign manufacturers or MAH. Conclusion: The majority of the pharmaceutical product recalls in Zambia were substandard products. Manufacturing laboratory control issues lead to most recalls and require investigation of the root causes, preventive action, and strict compliance with the good manufacturing practices guidelines by manufacturers.
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BARTON, STUART JOHN. "Why Zambia failed." Journal of Institutional Economics 11, no. 4 (November 6, 2014): 803–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1744137414000526.
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Abstract:Daron Acemoglu, James Robinson and others are explaining divergent economic histories with qualitative measures of institutional quality – including Acemoglu and Robinson's popular inclusive/extractive dichotomy. While quantitative studies have sort to confirm these links using econometric proxies, few empirical accounts have shownhowthese proxies, or indeed the institutions they seek to represent actually influenced economic growth. This study helps fill that gap by testing whether evidence in Zambia's post-colonial history supports a proposed econometric link between its institutional quality and its slow economic growth. Support for this link is found in foreign investors’ interpretation of declining institutional constraint on Zambia's President as the potential for increased policy volatility, and as such an economic inducement to delay critical investment to Zambia's capital constrained economy. These findings add weight to the institutional argument in general, as well as present one concrete example in history of a mechanism through which institutional quality affected economic growth.
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Saungweme, Talknice, and Nicholas M. Odhiambo. "An Analysis of Public Debt Servicing in Zambia: Trends, Reforms and Challenges." Croatian International Relations Review 24, no. 81 (May 1, 2018): 113–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/cirr-2018-0006.
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Abstract The main goal of this paper is to discuss the dynamics of public debt servicing – both domestic and foreign – in Zambia, tracing the trends, reforms and challenges over the period from 1964 to 2015. The paper shows that the exceptional rise in public debt servicing obligations in Zambia over the period under review has been principally due to high domestic and foreign interest rates, frequent debt rescheduling at commercial rates, and capitalisation of non-liquidated service obligations at commercial rates. Also revealed in the paper is the fact that prior to 2005, Zambia experienced severe public debt servicing problems which eased after 2006 owing to debt relief initiatives and an economic rebound. Among the government debt service reforms discussed in the paper are structural adjustments in foreign exchange management, fiscal and monetary reforms, and aggressive engagement of traditional creditors. Primary among the identified challenges of public debt servicing in Zambia was the insistent economic crises that dogged the country during the study period. Notwithstanding the current public debt service sustainability and remarkable economic performance that characterise the country today, the paper found that the recent contraction of nonconcessional loans by the state poses a threat to debt service sustainability in future. Hence, the paper recommends, among other things, for aligning of public sector infrastructure spending with revenues to ensure budget sustainability, and to continue diversifying the economy to minimise the impact of external commodity price shocks on the economy.
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Phiri, Joseph, Karel Malec, Socrates Kraido Majune, Seth Nana Kwame Appiah-Kubi, Zdeňka Gebeltová, Sylvie Kobzev Kotásková, Mansoor Maitah, Kamil Maitah, and Patricia Naluwooza. "Durability of Zambia’s Agricultural Exports." Agriculture 11, no. 1 (January 17, 2021): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11010073.
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This paper establishes the determinants of the export durability of agriculture products in Zambia with specific attention to maize, sugar, cotton, and tobacco between 1996 and 2019. We find that approximately 39% of Zambia’s agricultural products were exported beyond the first year of trading and less than 10% lasted up to 6 years of trading. The mean and median duration of exporting agricultural products in Zambia was 1.7 years and 1 year, respectively. Among the products, maize had the highest export duration after the first year of trading, followed by sugar, tobacco, and cotton. Results of the discrete-time logit and probit models with random effects revealed that the duration of total agricultural products was significantly impacted by common colony, contiguity, partner’s gross domestic product (GDP), Zambia’s GDP, initial exports, and total exports. Of these factors, colonial history and Zambia’s GDP reduced export duration, while contiguity, partner’s GDP, initial exports, and total exports increased the durability of exports in Zambia. The effect of Zambia’s GDP was uniform across all individual agricultural products. Total exports also significantly impacted all other agriculture products in a similar manner except for maize. Export durability for cotton was significantly impacted by the Regional Trade Agreements (RTAs), while the export durability of tobacco was significantly impacted by distance, contiguity, and partner’s GDP. To increase the duration of agriculture exports, we propose the exporting of finished agriculture products (and not just raw materials), which have a higher market value and duration probability. Farmers also need support with export subsidies, increased foreign market access (especially to economies with higher buying power), and negotiated favorable trade terms in the region and around the globe.
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Bae, Yuh Jin. "Analyzing the Connection between Customary Land Rights and Land Grabbing: A Case Study of Zambia." Land 12, no. 1 (January 7, 2023): 200. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land12010200.
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Since the global crises in the 2000s, many foreign and domestic actors have acquired large tracts of land for food and biofuel crop cultivation and other purposes in Africa, often leading to the displacement of the African people living on customary land. The weak customary land rights of ordinary African people have been viewed as one of the main factors making it possible for various land-grabbers to exploit customary land with different purposes. However, it would be insufficient to conclude that the weak customary land rights are the only factor leading to land grabbing in Africa as such land rights give the inheritors the rights to use the land permanently. Therefore, the main objective of this research is to identify a more specific factor leading to land grabbing in Africa, which this article refers to as a ‘land-grabbing-friendly legal environment’. To achieve the main goal, by considering the case of Zambia, this research aims to: (1) analyze the main areas and regions where land grabbing occurs in Zambia and the land-grabbers involved; and (2) analyze the main uses of customary land and changes in tenure systems applied to customary land from the colonial era up to the present day, through a legal history research approach. The main findings of this research are as follows: (1) land-grabbing incidences have often been linked to the government-led agricultural program, involving both internal and external land-grabbers, and (2) the creation of the dual-tenure system during the colonial era and its continuation to the present day have led to the poor financial status of ordinary Zambians living on customary land, contributing to their weak customary land rights. By examining the main results, this research concludes that it is crucial for the Zambian government to bring about reasonable fees for land-titling registration for the ordinary Zambians living on customary land, as well as to separate development aspects from land laws. These steps will strengthen the land rights of the ordinary Zambians and prevent land grabbing.
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Chipili, Jonathan Mpundu. "Foreign Exchange Intervention and Exchange Rate Volatility in Zambia." Journal of African Business 15, no. 2 (May 4, 2014): 114–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15228916.2014.921062.
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Chanda, Ernest, Osward Bwanga, Suzyo Mutambo, Mike Chisha, Mulewa Mulenga, and John Musuku. "Diagnostic Imaging of Non-Accidental Injury and Percutaneous Foreign Bodies: A Case Report from Zambia." Medical Journal of Zambia 48, no. 2 (August 10, 2021): 141–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.55320/mjz.48.2.864.
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This case report presents the role imaging played in the diagnosis and surgical removal of multiple percutaneous foreign bodies in a 5-year-old childwho presented with non-accidental injuries (NAI) to medical facilities in Zambia. Children are commonly referred for imaging with suspectedaccidental foreign bodies, but percutaneous foreign bodies due to NAI are rare. NAI is caused due to child physical abuse and therefore, imaging plays amajor role in the diagnosis and provision of legal evidence. In this case report, conventional radiography (plain film) of askeletal survey was the first imaging requested. This was supplemented with a computed tomography (CT) scan of the thorax and abdomen.
Lastly, foreign bodies were removed under the guidance of the image intensifier. Although, the cases of NAI reported and presented in medical facilities in Zambia are rare, this caseshows that physical child abuse is practiced in ourcommunities. Thus, radiographers and radiologists should pay attention to such cases during imaging and reporting, respectively.
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Nesmashnyi, Alexander Dmitrievich, and Yulia Aleksandrovna Nikitina. "Local Hegemony: China’s Special Economic Zones in Mauritius and Zambia." Vestnik RUDN. International Relations 20, no. 1 (December 15, 2020): 97–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-0660-2020-20-1-97-114.
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Chinese Special Economic Zones (SEZs) in Africa are part of the Belt and Road Initiative. They account for a fledgling research area in International Relations, with not much research on the topic. The authors regard traditional approaches in research of SEZs as incapable of grasping the difference between domestic (designed by the state on its own territory) and foreign (designed by a foreign state) SEZs. The concept of territoriality, though applicable only to foreign SEZs, has little to offer in terms of generating new knowledge. The research paper endeavours to offer new theoretical and conceptual frameworks for the study of foreign SEZs. The research is based on concepts of hegemony by different schools of thought, including Hegemonic Stability Theory, the three types of hegemony by Yan Xuetong and Neo-Gramscianism. The authors introduce the concept of “local hegemony”. The authors also highlight the fact that most foreign SEZs emerge in territories of limited statehood (or create them). In order to prove vitality of the concept, comparative research of China’s SEZs in Mauritius and Zambia is conducted. The authors point out relatively poor institutional development of Zambia and the existence of stable democratic institutions in Mauritius. The success of the Chinese SEZ in Zambia is also partially attributed to copper mining. Deriving from economic and institutional empirical data the authors try to detect success conditions of SEZs and analyze the related spillover effects that contribute to the development of African nations. The reasons behind the failure of the Chinese SEZ in Mauritius are traced. Authors conclude that the concept of local hegemony is suitable for studying foreign SEZs and suggest that zones of local hegemony could be sustainable and effective in terms of development.
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Chirwa, Themba G., and Nicholas M. Odhiambo. "Sources of Economic Growth in Zambia: An Empirical Investigation." Global Business Review 18, no. 2 (March 9, 2017): 275–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0972150916668449.
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In this article, the key macroeconomic determinants of economic growth in Zambia are investigated using the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) bounds testing approach. The study has been motivated by the unsustainable growth trends that Zambia has been experiencing in recent years. Our study finds that the key macroeconomic determinants that are significantly associated with economic growth in Zambia include, amongst others, investment, human capital development, government consumption, international trade and foreign aid. The study’s results reveal that in the short run, investment and human capital development are positively associated with economic growth, while government consumption, international trade and foreign aid are negatively associated with economic growth. However, in the long run, the study finds investment and human capital development to be positively associated with economic growth, while only foreign aid is negatively associated with economic growth. These results have significant policy implications. They imply that short–run economic policies should focus on creating incentives that attract investment and increase the quality of education, the effectiveness of government institutions, the promotion of international trade reforms and the effectiveness of development aid. In the long run, development strategies should focus on attracting the accumulation of long-term investment, improving the quality of education and the effectiveness of development aid.
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Mambwe, M., E. M. Mwanaumo, F. Phiri, and K. Chabota. "The Construction Subcontracting Policy Framework for Developing Local Contractors Capacities in Zambia." Journal of Construction Business and Management 4, no. 1 (April 27, 2020): 60–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.15641/jcbm.4.1.644.
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The Zambian construction industry, like many developing countries, has over the past years experienced an imbalance in the distribution of works between local and foreign contractors. In a bid to bridge the gap, the Government of the Republic of Zambia in 2012 introduced a policy on subcontracting which provided for mandatory subcontracting of 20% of all major contracts to local contractors. There has however been outcries from subcontractors that the policy has not been beneficial. The study sought to investigate subcontracting practices in order to develop a framework for building capacity for local contractors within the construction industry in Zambia. The objective of the study was to explore the regulatory requirements on subcontracting in Zambia and establish the 20% subcontracting policy inadquescies . The study adopted the mixed-method approach in which both semi-structured interviews (main contractors, sub-contractors consultants and project owners) and survey questionnaire were adopted for primary data collection. The questionnaire was distributed to 70 respondents and a response rate of 71% was attained. The investigation was conducted on 40 projects implemented in Zambia between 2012 and 2015. The study established four major deficiencies of the policy which include: subcontractors do not participate early in the procurement process and are introduced after contract is awarded; no clear guidelines on the implementation of the policy; subcontractors do not take part in determining works; and it is difficult to grow capacity of local contractors using the 20% subcontracting policy because contractors engaged to be main on projects do not show interest in developing and building local contractors capacity due to lack of incentives. A framework was developed that can be used to meet the study objectives and that of the policy in subcontracting and reduce the current inadequacies. The study recommended the use of the proposed framework by the government to reduce the current gaps.
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Kula, Nancy C., and Joseph Mwansa. "Learning literacy in a familiar language: comparing reading and comprehension competence in Bemba in two contrasting settings in Northern Zambia." Journal of the British Academy 10s4 (2022): 97–124. http://dx.doi.org/10.5871/jba/010s4.097.
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The latest language in education policy in Zambia is to use a �familiar� language in the initial stages of education before transitioning into a regional and later foreign language medium. Investigating the use of a familiar language�Namwanga�in Northern Zambia, in the context of a regional language�Bemba�the article shows that learning of literacy in the regional language is better supported by classrooms that allow free use of the �home� language or mother tongue. Results from a reading and comprehension task show no hindrance to the achievement of reading fluency in a regional language when a familiar language is encouraged in the classroom. The article provides support for multi-literacies developed through languages that learners are exposed to in their environment rather than a foreign language.
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Jere, Stanley, Bornwell Kasense, and Obvious Chilyabanyama. "Forecasting Foreign Direct Investment to Zambia: A Time Series Analysis." Open Journal of Statistics 07, no. 01 (2017): 122–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ojs.2017.71010.
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Thopacu, Hilda. "The necessity for Zambia's vitamin A sugar fortification requirement." Law, Democracy and Development 25 (December 14, 2021): 1–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2077-4907/2021/ldd.v25.12.
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Zambia faces a serious vitamin A deficiency (VAD) that affects most infants and expectant mothers, leading to night blindness, maternal deaths, and more. One of the efforts to address this is by permitting only the manufacture, sale, or import of household consumption sugar which is fortified with vitamin A - which is seen as a disguised restriction on international trade. Through a desk-top research study, the article examines the question, as to what extent Zambia's fortification requirement complies with the necessity principle in the Technical Barrier to Trade Annex to the Southern African Development Community Protocol on Trade (TBT Annex) and Article 2(2) of the World Trade Organization's Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT Agreement). The research finds that the measure is a technical regulation with a legitimate objective to protect the health and lives of a target VAD Zambian population. Further, it is applied to both domestic and like foreign products; therefore, it is neither discriminatory nor directly linked to the lack of competitive opportunities for like foreign products. Even if fortified maize meal could be opted for instead of sugar, it cannot achieve the equivalent contribution in dealing with the VAD problem because of challenges, such as, the uncertainty in regulatory regime, and its irregular consumption pattern. Consequently, the sugar fortification requirement is not more trade restrictive than necessary under the TBT Annex and Article 2(2) of the TBT Agreement.
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Wulf, Jürgen. "Floating Exchange Rates in Developing Countries: the Case of Zambia." Journal of Modern African Studies 27, no. 3 (September 1989): 503–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x00020401.
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When Zambia introduced weekly foreign-exchange auctions in October 1985 in order to determine the value of the kwacha vis-à-vis the dollar, together with other measures aiming at liberalising external and internal trade and at restructuring the pattern of production, they were widely acclaimed as a model for reforms elsewhere in the continent. The Economist praised Zambia for ‘taking one of the bravest economic gambles that any African country has taken’,1 implying that even in the view of liberal commentators the Government ran a considerable risk in trying to implement this reform programme. The new measures enabled Zambia to reach a fresh stand-by agreement with the International Monetary Fund in early 1986, the previous one having broken down in 1985 because the authorities failed to meet the I.M.F.'s economic targets.
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Ndambwa, Biggie Joe, and Aaron Wiza Siwale. "Reinterpreting Domestic Sources of Zambia’s Foreign Policy: The Party and the President." Journal of Contemporary Governance and Public Policy 3, no. 1 (April 17, 2022): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.46507/jcgpp.v3i1.64.
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This article examines the domestic factors that have determined and influenced Zambia’s foreign policy. While this attempt has not been as successful as one would wish, some useful insights are obtainable through analysis of the role of the governing parties from the liberation hero and founding President Kenneth Kaunda and the United National Independence Party (UNIP) and subsequent heads of state and their respective parties, the Movement for Multiparty Democracy (MMD), the Patriotic Front (PF) and the United Party for National Development (UPND), that have led the country throughout this period. The article contributes to both the rational-actor model and spatial leadership model which measures differential changes in foreign policy decision-making across regimes. The model is a major contribution to the development of viable analysis in changing foreign policy in emerging nations and is an enduring contribution to the modern foreign analysis. This article is an interesting and exciting addition to this model. It also contributes to the discourse on domestic issues that determine political behavior in international affairs. In particular, it discusses the subtleties of presidential power and demonstrates that in the case of Zambia, changes in foreign policy decisions across regimes are mediated by the intervention and personal interests of the president and the influence of the governing parties.
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C. Mulenga, Mulenga. "Economic integration agreements and foreign direct investment in Zambia : an analysis." Journal of African Union Studies 8, no. 3 (December 15, 2019): 115–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.31920/2050-4306/2019/8n3a6.
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Mbao, Melvin L. M. "The Investment Act, 1986 of Zambia." Journal of African Law 30, no. 2 (1986): 197–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021855300006574.
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Twenty years ago Zambia was riding a wave of seemingly unstoppable prosperity. Income per capita was the highest amongst sub-Saharan African countries. The high copper prices on which Zambia's wealth was based enabled the government to pursue ambitious social welfare programmes. However since the second half of 1974 the bottom has fallen out of the copper market as a result of recession in most of the copper-consuming countries and technical advances in industry which have reduced the need for copper. In the decade since then Zambia's economy has deteriorated progressively as can be gleaned from these statistics: GDP per capita in constant (1970) prices declined by about 25 per cent, between 1974 and 1983; per capita incomes fell by 44 per cent, during 1974—85 period; the level of real imports in 1984 was only 40 per cent, of the average level in the early 1970s; scarcity of foreign exchange has reduced capacity utilisation to low levels (in the last quarter of 1985 it was estimated that the industrial sector was operating only at about 30 per cent, of capacity and in some individual companies the situation was so serious that some once-thriving factories had had to close down for lack of essential spares and raw materials) and the investment rate fell from 41 per cent, in 1975 to about 12 per cent, in 1984. The expenditure in the public sector for operation and maintenance is underfunded, resulting in marked deterioriation of standards in public services, especially health and education.
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Kazuma, Seke Manase Ephraim, Boniface Kaela, Simunyama Luando, Kamwi Mundia, Donald Kaoma, Lumbala Mukendi, Khombolakhe Fisongo, and Bright Chirengendure. "Management of a Patient with Foreign Body Ingestion at Ndola Teaching Hospital, Zambia." Medical Journal of Zambia 48, no. 2 (August 10, 2021): 148–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.55320/mjz.48.2.879.
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Foreign body (FB) ingestion refers to intentional swallowing of indigestible, non-nutritious solid substances. It is more common in children and psychiatry adult patients. Adult psychiatry patients have the highest incidence of recurrent ingestion of multiple FB that results from poor impulse control by care-givers and as a response to stress. Foreign bodies longer than 6cm, wider than 2.5cm and sharp edged are unlikely to pass without getting imparted or causing perforation. These warrant removal by endoscopy where available or laparotomy. We report on the management of a case of intentional swallowing of multiple FBs by a known psychiatric patient at Ndola Teaching Hospital, in Ndola, Zambia.
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Fortmeyer, Sophia. "“Why Can’t I Find It?”." Undergraduate Research Journal for the Humanities 3, no. 1 (May 1, 2018): 49–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.17161/1808.26396.
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This research focuses on foreign intervention in the mining sectors of Zambia and the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), concentrating on the transparency of agreements and regulation, or lack thereof, contributing to the longevity of mining practices and the livelihoods of local citizens. The current state of public information regarding natural resource extraction in both countries creates questions about state motives and investors’ economic incentive, with consequences of inequality, human rights offenses, and underdevelopment. Applying Immanuel Wallerstein’s world-systems theory, I describe the economic rationale behind global involvement in the region’s mining operations and identify potential power imbalances. I use commodity statistics, state documentation, and nongovernmental reports to analyze reporting trends on mining operations. Intergovernmental databases with development statistics also contribute to the research. In this study, I argue foreign intervention in underdeveloped, mineral rich countries does not have to be a purely exploitative relationship as emphasized by Wallerstein’s theory, demonstrated through the implementation of international transparency initiatives. These programs, implemented for the benefit of the resource abundant countries like Zambia and the DRC, can increase the accountability of governments and investing companies related to mining activities. Complete reporting on natural resource extraction increases investment values and the development and productivity of the mining industry.
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Pletcher, James R. "The Political Uses of Agricultural Markets in Zambia." Journal of Modern African Studies 24, no. 4 (December 1986): 603–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x00007229.
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IT is widely acknowledged that the origins of Africa's hunger crisis lie only partly in weather patterns. A growing number of studies have emphasised the rôle which the state plays in creating a policy environment which either undermines or promotes commercial agriculture.1 Much of the fault for the latter's poor performance in many areas of the continent is assigned to short-sighted government policies of excessive intervention in agricultural markets. The cardinal sins are considered to be price controls, food subsidies, and state-run marketing boards. As the external debt of African states grows, foreign lenders and aid donors impose economic reforms deemed necessary to address the long-run structural problems. The austerity packages of the International Monetary Fund, for example, aim to reduce demand in the borrowing country by cutting government spending on subsidies, while the World Bank focuses on stimulating agricultural production through a mixture of targeted investments and advice on how to change the pricing and tax structure so as to improve incentives for farmers.2
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Zulu, Sambo, and Franco Muleya. "A student perspective of ethics in the Zambian construction industry." Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology 17, no. 2 (April 1, 2019): 266–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jedt-04-2018-0074.
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Purpose The importance of ethical considerations in the construction industry is acknowledged. This is particularly the case that the industry plays a significant part in a nation’s development. The Zambian construction industry has seen an increase in activity due, in part, to massive infrastructure development programmes adopted by successive governments, increase in foreign direct investment and housing development. The Zambian construction industry, like any other, is not immune to unethical behaviour. This study aims to investigate students’ perception of the prevalence of unethical practices in the Zambian construction industry. A review of literature demonstrated that a number of contextual factors including location can influence the perception of unethical practices. A focus on Zambia was therefore considered necessary. Design/methodology/approach In total, 121 students took part in a questionnaire survey to examine their perception of the extent to which unethical practices were prevalent in the Zambian construction industry. Findings The findings suggest that students perceived bribery/corruption and political/societal influences as the two most common unethical practices, while the least prevalent unethical practices were perceived to be alcohol/drug abuse and workplace violence. The findings are largely consistent with previous studies investigating the ethical perception of professionals in the Zambian construction industry. In addition, the findings suggests that when the year and programme of study are taken into consideration, the differences in perception of unethical practices are evident for these demographic groups. Originality/value This study provided an added dimension to the understanding of ethical issues in the Zambian construction industry as it was the first of its kind involving students’ perceptions. This paper therefore contributes to the list of countries where similar studies have been undertaken.
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Khodorovskyi, Heorhii. "My Path to Diplomacy." Diplomatic Ukraine, no. XIX (2018): 214–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.37837/2707-7683-2018-10.
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The article analyzes the life path of Heorhii I. Khodorovskyi − Ukrainian public figure, diplomat, Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of Ukraine, People’s Deputy of Ukraine. The major areas of his activity at different life stages, academic interests, contribution to the development of medicine and diplomacy are studied. The paper examines the childhood of Heorhii Khodorovskyi, his parents, educators and school years. After school, Heorhii studied at Chernivtsi Medical Institute, pursued post-graduate studies and gained a degree of Doctor of Medicine. From 1961 to 1969, Heorhii Khodorovskyi – a postgraduate student, assistant professor, Associate Professor at Chernivtsi National University. In 1968, he was assigned to the Institute for Doctors Improvement in Moscow and later to the USSR Academy of Sciences to study foreign languages. Between 1969 and 1973, he was Associate Professor at the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Zambia. Heorhii also held position of a chairman of the local committee of the Embassy of the USSR in Zambia. The following stage of Heorhii’s life went in Afghanistan, where he gained experience of people management in a foreign country under hazardous environment, terrorist acts, kidnapping and military operations. Between 1987 and 1990, Khodorovskyi was an advisor to the Rector of Kabul Medical Institute, head of a group of scientific and pedagogical staff of the USSR in Afghanistan, advisor to the Minister for Health of Afghanistan; worked in the trade mission of the USSR in Kabul. In February 1989, he returned from Afghanistan to Chernivtsi, where the staff of the Medical Institute nominated him as a candidate for the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine deputy. From 1990 till 1992, Heorhii acted as People’s Deputy of Ukraine of the 1st calling, was Chairman of the Verkhovna Rada Committee on Women Affairs, Family Protection, Motherhood and Childhood. Heorhii was also engaged in operations on eliminating consequences of the Chernobyl disaster, worked with foreign delegations, was a member of the escort group during the visit of the President of Ukraine to Kyrgyzstan. He frequently went on foreign business trips, in the course of which took part in international conferences. At the Verkhovna Rada sessions, Khodorovskyi invariably put an emphasis on the issues of health protection of Ukrainian women and children, working and recreation environment, labour compensation and family support. The Ministry of Health of Ukraine Committee headed by Heorhii Khodorovskyi adopted a decision on the creation of the National Family Planning Program. In October 1992, he was transferred from the Verkhovna Rada to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine. From 1992 to 1998, Heorhii Khodorovskyi served as Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of Ukraine to the Republic of India. Keywords: Verkhovna Rada, Afghanistan, University of Zambia, Chernivtsi, People’s Deputy.
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Varvastian, Samvel, and Felicity Kalunga. "Transnational Corporate Liability for Environmental Damage and Climate Change: Reassessing Access to Justice after Vedanta v. Lungowe." Transnational Environmental Law 9, no. 2 (May 15, 2020): 323–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2047102520000138.
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AbstractOn 10 April 2019 the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom delivered judgment in the case of Vedanta v. Lungowe, which concerned the liability of an English company for environmental damage caused by its subsidiary in Zambia. The decision confirms that English parent companies can owe a duty of care to foreign claimants affected by operations of their subsidiaries abroad and that the English courts may have jurisdiction to hear such cases, even when a foreign court is a more appropriate place for the trial. It establishes an important precedent for providing access to justice for foreign claimants in transnational corporate liability litigation. Given the global presence of English companies and the fact that their foreign subsidiaries have been involved in multiple cases of environmental damage in the host states, the decision could give an impetus to future claims being brought in the English courts. Also, the decision opens some interesting possibilities for climate change liability litigation against English parent companies and their foreign subsidiaries, as their cumulative greenhouse gas emissions are likely to be considerably higher than when taken separately, arguably making prospective claims against them more viable.
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Wilson, Nicholas. "The Lazarus Effect and the Labour Market: Evidence from At-Scale Antiretroviral Therapy in Zambia." Journal of African Economies 29, no. 4 (April 6, 2020): 397–411. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jae/ejaa001.
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Abstract Between 2000 and 2015, access to life-saving antiretroviral therapy (ART) in sub-Saharan Africa increased from virtually 0% to approximately 40% coverage. Despite the promise of ART to improve health, a variety of supply- and demand-side factors suggest at-scale ART may not improve employment outcomes. To measure the causal effect of ART on employment outcomes, I use triple-difference regression analysis, exploiting spatial, temporal and demographic variation in intensity of ART exposure during scale-up in Zambia. My results suggest that local ART introduction increased employment of likely HIV+ adults by eight percentage points, or approximately 15% relative to the sample mean. Cash employment and employment for no pay—the first and second largest employment categories in Zambia, respectively—each comprised roughly one-half of the employment gains. Temporal and spatial heterogeneity analyses support a causal interpretation of the results. These findings appear to be the first at-scale quasi-experimental evidence suggesting that ART, the single largest item in many countries’ foreign health aid budgets, can improve employment outcomes among the targeted.
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Grachev, Mikhail, and Mariya Bobina. "The Role of Non-Market Factors in International Trade: A Case of Southern Africa." Journal of International Business and Economy 18, no. 2 (December 1, 2017): 102–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.51240/jibe.2017.2.5.
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This study examines the impacts of non-market factors on international trade in four regionally clustered African countries (Namibia, South Africa, Zambia, and Zimbabwe). It applies the concept of cross-national distance from international business and incorporates statistical and empirically generated data into the augmented gravity models of international trade to predict the impact of those non-market factors. The study reveals negative effects of geographic distance and positive or mixed cultural distance effects in these countries’ foreign trade flows. This paper also suggests useful implications to business scholars and practitioners.
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Saasa, Oliver S. "Zambia´s Policies Towards Foreign Investment – The Case of the Mining and Non-Mining Sectors." Verfassung in Recht und Übersee 21, no. 3 (1988): 386. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/0506-7286-1988-3-386_1.
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Ross, Andrew G. "An empirical analysis of Chinese outward foreign direct investment in Africa." Journal of Chinese Economic and Foreign Trade Studies 8, no. 1 (February 2, 2015): 4–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jcefts-12-2014-0025.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to identify and analyse determinants of Chinese outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) into a number of African countries for the period 2003-2012. Design/methodology/approach – A series of panel data models are used to estimate the determinants of Chinese OFDI into eight African countries: Nigeria, South Africa, Zambia, Ghana, Kenya, Algeria, Egypt and the Sudan. Findings – Results highlighted that Chinese investment in African countries is driven by access to natural resources, and factors related to infrastructure quality and the regulatory environment enforced by host governments. Originality/value – To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is one of the first papers to identify empirical determinants of Chinese OFDI in Africa and it contributes from two perspectives. Firstly, it identifies drivers behind Chinese OFDI, but also importantly from the African perspective helps understand the reasons that attract investment from one of the world’s largest investors into one of the world’s poorest regions, given the emphasis that is placed on foreign direct investment today as an instrument of growth and development.
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Libanda, Juliet, Daka Marshall, and Linda Nyasa. "The Effect of Foreign Direct Investment on Economic Growth of Developing Countries: The Case of Zambia." British Journal of Economics, Management & Trade 16, no. 2 (January 10, 2017): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/bjemt/2017/30175.
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Bwalya, Samuel Mulenga. "Foreign direct investment and technology spillovers: Evidence from panel data analysis of manufacturing firms in Zambia." Journal of Development Economics 81, no. 2 (December 2006): 514–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2005.06.011.
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Beron, Petar. "Type specimens of Acari (Arachnida) in the collections of the National Museum of Natural History, Sofia. I. Acariformes (Acaridida and Prostigmata)." Historia naturalis bulgarica 41, no. 1 (January 2, 2020): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.48027/hnb.41.01001.
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The present list contains data on type material of 109 mite species (Acaridida and Prostigmata) from Bulgaria (species, described by I. Vassilev, M. Kolebinova, P. Beron) and many foreign countries: Greece, Suriname, the Netherlands, New Guinea, Cuba, Mexico, Chile, USA, Canada, Madagascar, Gaboon, Liberia, Nigeria, Uganda, Mozambique, Tanzania, Zambia, Morocco, Tunisia, Malaysia, Burma, Thailand, China, and the Philippines (species, described by M. Kolebinova, P. Beron, F. Lukoschus, A. Fain, C. Welbourn, F. Dusbabek, K. Samsinak, K. R. Orwig, W. Atyeo and other authors). The type material housed in the National Museum of Natural History, Sofia includes species from the families Acaridae, Glycyphagidae, Canestriniidae, Proctophyllodidae, Trouessartiidae, Syringobiidae, Dermationidae, Ereynetidae, Cytoditidae, Myocoptidae, Chirodiscidae, Gastronyssidae, Myobiidae, Ophioptidae, Demodicidae, Smarididae, Erythraeidae, Neotrombidiidae, Eutrombidiidae, Trombiculidae, Leeuwenhoekiidae, Walchiidae, and Vatacaridae. All Bulgarian and foreign acarologists are kindly invited to submit type specimens under their care in the collections of the National Museum of Natural History in Sofia. This material will be properly housed and well used.
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Osifo, Osagie, and Esther Ikavbho Evbayiro-Osagie. "FOREIGN DIVERSIFICATION AND PERFORMANCE OF QUOTED DEPOSIT MONEY BANKS IN SELECTED SUB-SAHARA AFRICAN COUNTRIES." Oradea Journal of Business and Economics 5, Special (June 2020): 82–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.47535/1991ojbe099.
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Foreign diversification offers prospective market opportunities which afford firms prospects for greater growth and penetration of global markets. This study investigated the effect of foreign diversification on performance of quoted deposit money banks in selected Sub-Sahara African countries; Botswana, Ghana, Kenya, Malawi, Mauritius, Namibia, Nigeria, South Africa, Uganda, Zimbabwe and Zambia. The study employs secondary data collected and computed from sampled deposit money banks annual audited financial statements. Employing the use of descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, panel unit root analysis, co-integration test, multivariate panel data analysis and the system- GMM for a period of 2007 – 2017, the data were estimated with the aid of Eviews 9.0 econometric statistical package. Using dependent variables (Net interest margin and Tobin Q), explanatory variables of foreign diversification, bank’s size and bank’s age respectively. The findings revealed that foreign diversifications have negative and significant effect on all the performance indicators (NIM and TOBIN Q) used in the study. The explanatory variable (foreign diversification) was significant at 1% significance level. The findings from robustness check showed that the coefficients of foreign diversification are also largely negative for most of the banks. This study therefore recommends, amongst others, banks should consider diversification as a long run strategy for promoting growth and other forms of expansions. This can be achieved by promoting more regional banking integration within the sub-region. Given that formalities are already on the ground to facilitate entry and establishment within economies in the regional blocs, diversification in this direction will involve less institutional obstacles
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Nkowani, Kenneth, Murray Mcgregor, and Barry Dent. "The Stagnation of Smallholder Agriculture in the Northern Region of Zambia: Problems, Conflicts and Production Systems." Outlook on Agriculture 24, no. 2 (June 1995): 103–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/003072709502400207.
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Food security is seriously threatened by the low productivity of smallholder farmers, endemic poverty and widespread land degradation in the Northern Region of Zambia, The challenge is how to raise smallholder productivity at farm level in the face of developmental conflicts caused by demographic change, economic growth, strife and insecurity. The government is caught between the Structural Adjustment Programme (SAP) drawn up to enable it to pay off its huge foreign debt on the one hand, and the need to cushion the vulnerable sections of society (mostly smallholder farmers) from the worst aspects of the monetary squeeze on the other, Current evidence points to a dangerous imbalance, with the poor being hit hardest, but there are further steps which could be taken to support smallholders.
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Njoroge, Samuel M. C. "A Critical Review of Aflatoxin Contamination of Peanuts in Malawi and Zambia: The Past, Present, and Future." Plant Disease 102, no. 12 (December 2018): 2394–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-02-18-0266-fe.
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Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is an important crop in Malawi and Zambia. The crop is valued for soil improvement in cereal-based cropping systems, for improving the livelihoods of farming households who consume it and also sell it for cash, and for earning foreign exchange when exported. Research and development efforts have resulted in an increase in both peanut production area and productivity. However, a key challenge that still needs to be solved in these countries is how to produce peanuts with acceptable levels of aflatoxin contamination. Data continues to show that aflatoxin continues to be a problem in both formal and informal trade. As a result, unlike 30 years ago, most of the peanut trade has now shifted to domestic and regional markets that do not restrict the sale of aflatoxin-contaminated peanuts. Impacts of aflatoxin contamination on health and also on the full cost burden of control are not well documented. Technologies are available for mitigating against aflatoxin contamination. The advantages, disadvantages, and gaps associated with these technologies are discussed. Considerable money and effort continues to be invested in Malawi and Zambia into mitigating aflatoxin contamination, but evidence of long-term success is limited. Based on past and current initiatives, the prospects of eliminating aflatoxin in the near future at the household level and in trade are not promising.
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Chibanga, Racheal Kasamba Hapunda, J. Aswani, M. Kipingor, and J. Munthali. "Prevalence of Hearing Loss in Primary School Children in Lusaka, Zambia." Medical Journal of Zambia 47, no. 2 (July 15, 2020): 91–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.55320/mjz.47.2.687.
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Background: Disabling hearing loss has serious implications in a child's development as it reduces the intelligibility of speech thereby interfering with the learning process. This will negatively impact on their vocational choices.
Study objective: To determine the prevalence of hearing loss in primary school children in the central zone of Lusaka district, Zambia.
Methodology: 1277 children, aged 6 to 13 years, from public primary schools in the central zone of Lusaka district were randomly selected and examined. Clinical otologic assessment, tympanometry and audiometry screening wereconducted on all participants. Children who failed the audiometry-screening test underwent a pure tone audiometry to determine the extent and nature of their hearing impairment.
Results: The prevalence of hearing impairment was 11.5% consisting of conductive hearing loss (87.8%), sensorineural hearing loss (6.8%) and mixed hearing loss (5.4%). Hearing impairment was more common in male children (13.8%) compared to female children (9.3%) (P value= < 0.05). Thirty six point eight percent children had ear disease. Thecommonest ear disease was wax impaction (66%) found in children followed by otitis media with effusion (20%), foreign body ear (4%) and chronic suppurative otitis media (2%). The odds of developing hearing impairment in children withchronic suppurative otitis media was nine times greater than that of children without chronic suppurative otitis media OR = 9.9(95% CI, 2.33-47.43).
Conclusions: The prevalence of hearing impairment in school children in central zone of Lusaka district is high. This study shows that chronic suppurative otitis media has a statistical significant association with hearing loss and that the male children are at a higher risk of developing hearing impairment. There is urgent need for ear and hearing care awareness, and screening programs at the community level in the central zone of Lusaka district.
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Sibiri, Hagan. "The Emerging Phenomenon of Anti-Chinese Populism in Africa: Evidence from Zambia, Zimbabwe and Ghana." Insight on Africa 13, no. 1 (December 24, 2020): 7–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0975087820971443.
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This article explores the salient of anti-Chinese sentiments in Africa and how it has been utilised or materialised as a populist strategy in election campaigns. The contention herein is that anti-Chinese populism has emerged from the rising anti-Chinese sentiments and is utilised primarily as a rhetorical strategy to gain electoral support. In particular, political actors mostly seeking power are inclined to identify and declamatorily rehashed the salient issues driving the anti-Chinese sentiments in political platforms to attract attention and to gain the support of the electorate’s concern about same issues. This dimension of populism hinges not on ideational leanings, but nothing more than an opportunist strategy of exploiting wedge issues for electoral gains. The implications of such an emerging phenomenon cannot be underestimated. Not only is it a hindrance to the budding Africa–China relations but also decadent for China’s global status and its ambitious foreign policy.
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Asafo-Adjei, Emmanuel, Daniel Agyapong, Samuel Kwaku Agyei, Siaw Frimpong, Reginald Djimatey, and Anokye M. Adam. "Economic Policy Uncertainty and Stock Returns of Africa: A Wavelet Coherence Analysis." Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society 2020 (November 22, 2020): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8846507.
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This study explores how global economic policy uncertainty (EPU) shocks comove with stock returns (SR) of eight African countries—Botswana, Ghana, Kenya, Morocco, Namibia, Nigeria, South Africa, and Zambia. The study employed daily data from December 2010 to December 2019 using wavelet coherence analysis. The results showed that global EPU comoves with most of the SR of African markets and was concentrated in the longer term, especially during the period between 2011 and 2019, although not substantially. The findings indicate that short-term investments in African stocks are less susceptible to global economic policy uncertainty. It is recommended that foreign investors could hedge agaist policy uncertainties by investing in stock listed in African Stock exchanges while appropriate country-level policies are deployed to manage long-term effect of EPU.
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Phiri, Elias, and Wei Wang. "Time Series Analysis and structural break detection: A case of Zambia’s CPI." International Journal of Economic Policy 2, no. 1 (July 8, 2022): 33–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.47941/ijecop.914.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose: By empirically examining Zambia’s CPI between 2010 and 2020, the study attempts to determine the structural change in the time series. The CPI is one of the most important variables for analyzing inflation in macroeconomics, therefore any change in the dynamic must be determined. In this paper change points and dates are highlighted and statistical analysis methods have been employed to explore and discover the underlying patterns and trends of Zambia’s CPI for the past 10 years.
Methodology/approach: Secondary Data from Zambia Statistics Agency (ZamStats.gov.zm) was used for the Study. From 132 elements of observations of time series for 10 years, the detection methods of structural change were employed. The Cumulative Sum Tests (CUSUM test) of Ordinary Least Squares (OLS), Andrew Sup F test, Bai and Perron test, and Chow test were used to detect the model stability and verify the hypothesis using P-value.
Results: The results show that there were five (5) Structural changes or breaks in mean and variance and these were February 2012, February 2014, October 2015, October 2017, and May 2019. The structural breaks are highly suggestive as they appear to broadly coincide with readily identifiable macroeconomic events, increased stock of external debt following the issuance of Eurobonds in 2012, 2014, and 2015, rise increased food prices arising from the adverse impact of erratic rainfall on agricultural output and the pass-through from the depreciation of the Kwacha.
Policy Implication: Based on the study, strong and sound macroeconomic policies are needed to be implemented: Such as debt management and diversification of foreign exchange sources, and increased earnings.