Academic literature on the topic 'Forensic accounting Fraud'

Whereas the problem of fraud is a global one, the rate and extent to which it is perpetrated in Nigeria, particularly in the public sector, is quite high and alarming. Literature reveals that different fraud prevention and detection mechanisms are being adopted to combat the menace of fraud; forensic accounting techniques appears to be the most effective and are currently used in most developed countries of the world. However, the extent to which forensic accounting techniques are being applied in fraud prevention and detection in Nigeria is not known. Also, the intention to use forensic accounting services in the public service has not been investigated. This study was therefore aimed at examining the application of forensic accounting techniques in fraud prevention and detection in Nigeria. Specific objectives were: (1) to investigate the mechanisms of fraud prevention and detection, and their levels of effectiveness in Nigeria, (2) to identify the major factors that hinder the application of forensic accounting techniques in fraud prevention and detection in Nigeria, (3) to examine practitioners' opinions and behavioural intention to use forensic accounting techniques in fraud prevention and investigation in Nigeria, (4) to explore the level of awareness of forensic accounting techniques in Nigeria and (5) to examine the readiness of universities in taking up forensic accounting courses. The study involved the collection of quantitative data. These data were collected from three sets of populations, viz. accounting students, accounting academics and accounting practitioners. The questionnaire served as the survey instruments. The data collected were analysed using appropriate statistical techniques and computer software. The study identified several fraud prevention and detection mechanisms that are currently used in Nigeria, such as systems of internal controls, operational audits and corporate code of conduct. Students' t-test indicates a significant difference between the perceived effectiveness and actual usage of fraud prevention and detection mechanisms in Nigeria. It was further discovered that the most effective mechanisms, like the forensic accounting techniques, are the least used in fraud prevention and detection. This implies that the current mechanisms of fraud prevention and detection are not proactive in dealing with the fraud menace. Also, legal, educational and political factors were identified to hinder the application of forensic accounting techniques in Nigeria. The level of awareness in forensic accounting in Nigeria is generally low. While the one-way analysis of variance indicates a significant variation among the three populations, it was discovered that students had the lowest level of awareness. Further findings of the study reveal that the universities are not yet ready to take up forensic accounting courses. Using the structural equation modelling (SEM), all the other seven propositions were supported. The findings of this study have both theoretical and practical implications. Theoretically, it further strengthened the findings of previous studies on the organisational intention. From the practical point of view, there is urgent need for manpower development in universities with specialisation in forensic accounting. Again, the educational institutions, and particularly the universities in Nigeria, would need to include forensic accounting courses in the undergraduate curriculum as education has been shown to be pivotal in creating awareness on the use of forensic accounting techniques. Furthermore, from the sampled space, the study has captured the current state of forensic accounting in Nigeria and the findings will be very useful for the public service, private organisations and policy makers.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:32:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Robson Maciel Silva.pdf: 1241603 bytes, checksum: 515da6e8c7fa458a6b4474db6123b102 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-02-01<br>Accounting has become in recent years, a fundamental instrument for trade relations and commerce, a provider of relevant information to its users in making strategic decisions. In this interval Forensic Accounting surges and bone with the responsible for collection, preservation, restoration and analysis of evidence of financial information, presenting the facts and evidence that can be accepted in courts in triggering litigation involving corporate fraud. However, research study relating to aforementioned subject is largely unexplored and there is recognition by the academic, this fact is evidenced by the absence of reasonable amount of scientific articles, laws or professional orientation. Given this scenario, the study seeks to contribute to the elucidation and exploitation of Forensic Accounting in Brazil,identifying which are the basic procedures to perform a forensic accounting. Based on this concern, we performed a literature review on the concepts of Accounting Science, Forensic Science, Fraud, Forensic Accounting, and Criminology in the Law and Investigative Audit.Therefore, to guide this study we sought to answer the following research question: what are the basic procedures to perform a forensic accounting? Identifying the differences between the activity of expertise and forensic investigation, the relation between the formalization of forensics and procedures for joint research, and model for basic forensic accounting. The methodology applied in the study is based largely qualitative, exploratory approach. The sample was selected in a non-probabilistic, by limiting the reach of the group being studied and the small number of practitioners available to participate in the study. For this purpose, we used the "Snowball sampling" technique (snowball or reference current), where a respondent indicates another possible respondents. Finally, based on the results, Forensic Accounting could be conceptualized as a tool to support litigation in providing technical support to the judicial authorities. The study also observed that it bared a resemblance with the activities of an expert accounting, however, differing only in applicants services research, and expertise demanded by justice and forensic investigation by the executives of corporations seeking redress. Finally, the proposed forensic investigation procedures are: financial analysis, contract analysis, analysis of the relationship of payments, DuPont analysis, compliance, statistical analysis, CAAT, profiling access, electronic data recovery,investigative interview, notarial minutes, analysis of public data and physical inspection (on site).<br>Nos últimos anos, a contabilidade tem se tornado um instrumento fundamental para as relações comerciais e mercantis; fornecedora de informações relevantes aos seus usuários, na tomada de decisões estratégicas. Neste ínterim surge a Contabilidade Forense, ferramenta responsável pela coleta, preservação, restauração e análise das evidências das informações financeiras, apresentando os fatos e as evidências que possam ser aceitos em tribunais no desencadeamento de litígios, envolvendo fraudes corporativas. Todavia, o tema em questão é pouco explorado não havendo quantidade razoável de artigos científicos, leis ou orientações profissionais. Perante esse cenário, este estudo procurou identificar quais os procedimentos básicos para a execução de uma investigação forense contábil. Fundamentado nesta preocupação, foi realizada uma pesquisa na literatura sobre os conceitos de Ciência Contábil, Ciência Forense, Fraude, Contabilidade Forense, Criminologia no Direito e Auditoria Investigativa. Para nortear este estudo, buscaram-se respostas para a seguinte indagação: Quais os procedimentos básicos para a execução de uma investigação forense contábil? Assim, procurou-se identificar as diferenças entre a atividade de perícia e a de investigação forense. A relação entre a formalização da atividade forense e os procedimentos comuns de investigação e modelo de procedimentos básicos para a investigação forense contábil. A metodologia aplicada no estudo teve base predominantemente qualitativa e enfoque exploratório, e a amostra foi selecionada de forma não probabilística, utilizando-se a técnica Snowball sampling (bola de neve ou corrente de referência), em que um entrevistado indica outros possíveis respondentes. Por meio dos resultados obtidos, conceitua-se a Contabilidade Forense como uma ferramenta de apoio ao contencioso no fornecimento de suporte técnico para as autoridades judiciais. A pesquisa constatou que a sua prática se assemelha com as atividades da perícia contábil; no entanto, diferenciando-se apenas nos solicitantes dos serviços de investigação, sendo a perícia demandada pelo judiciário e a investigação forense pelos executivos das empresas fraudadas. Por fim, os procedimentos de investigação forense propostos são os seguintes: análise financeira, análise de contratos, análise de relacionamento de pagamentos, análise Dupont, compliance, análise estatística, CAAT, análise de perfil de acesso, recuperação de dados eletrônicos, entrevista investigativa, ata notarial, análise de dados públicos e inspeção física (in loco).

Fraud risk assessment is an important audit process that has a direct impact on the effectiveness of auditors' fraud detection in an audit. However, prior literature has shown that auditors are generally poor at assessing fraud risk. The Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB) suggests that auditors may improve their fraud risk assessment performance by adopting a fraud specialist mindset. A fraud specialist mindset is a special way of thinking about accounting records. While auditors think about the company's recorded transactions in terms of the availability of supporting documentations and the authenticity of the audit trail, fraud specialists think instead of accounting records in terms of the authenticity of the events and activities that are behind the reported transactions. Currently there is no study that has examined the effects of the fraud specialist mindset on auditors' fraud risk assessment performance. In addition, although recent studies have found that fraud specialists are more sensitive than auditors in discerning fraud risk factors in situation where a high level of fraud risk is present, it remains unclear whether the same can be said for situation where the risk of fraud is low. Thus, the purpose of my dissertation is to examine the effects of fraud specialist and audit mindsets on fraud risk assessment performance. In addition, I examined such effects on fraud risk assessment performance in both high and low fraud risk conditions. The contributions of my dissertation include being the first to experimentally examine how different mindsets impact fraud-related judgment. The results of my study have the potential to help address the PCAOB's desire to improve auditors' fraud risk assessment performance though the adoption of the fraud specialist mindset. In addition, my study contributes to the literature by exploring fraud-related problem representation as a possible mediator of mindset on fraud risk assessment performance. I executed my dissertation by conducting an experiment in which mindset (fraud specialist or audit) was induced prior to the completion of an audit case (high or low in fraud risk). A total of 85 senior-level accounting students enrolled in two separate auditing classes participated in my study. The results from my experimental provide empirical support that it is possible to improve auditors' fraud risk assessment through adapting the fraud specialist mindset. My study also provides preliminary evidence that individuals with the fraud specialist mindset developed different problem representations than those with the audit mindset.

碩士<br>東吳大學<br>會計學系<br>100<br>Many accounting scandals fraud follow the outbreak of social public investor timid to impact the overall economic and market resources imbalance. Therefore, the frauds after the outbreak of economic catastrophe, finally wake up to face up to the importance of the forensic accounting professional investigators are engaged in corrupt conduct awakening. This is important because the fraud auditor to be a forensic accounting professional cut fraud investigators are, and will be able to fulfill its responsibility, fairness and justice to protect the market, and to assist the investment community away from the imbalance in the relationship of information not to further maintain a stable market order. Accordingly, the subject of international well-known material accounting scandals fraud, to analyze explore from the forensic accounting fraud investigation during from 2002 to 2011, the Japanese Olympus Corp. accounting scandal fraud, identify how the degree of the informatics. The findings of this study are as follows: This study find five characteristics of fraud investigation, as: 1.) The type of fraud is focus on Fraudulent statements, followed by the Corruption type; emphasis in financial pattern; 2.) The operation of the manipulations of the outbreak of fraud, the more false Fictitious Revenues, Conflicts of Interest, Fraudulent Disbursements, Internal/External Documents; 3.) For the fraud period almost more than one year and the range about 1 to 3 years, and the longest is ten years; 4.) The occurred in energy industry, telecommunications, finance ,electronics; 5.) About the fraud perpetrators by Manager and Employee, the more false Manager whom more than two people to perform.

碩士<br>靜宜大學<br>管理碩士在職專班<br>97<br>There have been recorded fraud cases, big or small, through human history, and they could be traced over and over. Accompanied with the development of global economy, and the forming of multi-national corporations, frauds has advanced in every possible ways, therefore, fraud victims have become more extensive. Therefore we should take more actions to prevent them before it is way out of control. There are different theories about the causes of frauds, such as GONE theory, Change Management Iceberg theory, Fraud Triangle theory, etc. This paper points to three factors which extracted from Fraud Triangle theory: 1, Incentives or pressure 2, Opportunities 3, Attitudes or Rationalization of Behaviors, as the general belief of fraud formation in the practical world. Methods of fraud preventions could be divided between theoretical and practical worlds. Yet, under the structures of The Committee of Sponsoring Organization, Fraud prevention plans are thoroughly detailed and have utmost value of references. Among the plans, Internal Control System is the most important core. How to evaluate the health or weakness of enterprises’ internal control system and their signs of possible forming of frauds will be the key factors of auditing finance reports in the future. Forensic Accounting is time –honored overseas, but it is still in the initial stage in Taiwan. As the domestic fraud reports have become prevalent, it is of urgent for us to use Forensic Accounting system. This system could fill the needs of CPA, the managements, the Civil Service, and litigation cases. This paper tries to discuss the definitions and scopes of Forensic Accounting through its developments overseas. Our findings of traditional Forensic Accounting include: litigation support and investigative accounting, while the developing Forensic Accounting include: crime investigation, commerce investigation and the expert witnesses, etc. As Forensic Accounting and auditing related to accounting theory, this paper also make distinctions among methods, evidences, responsibilities, and techniques, so the concepts could be more clear. Finally, this paper focuses on two fraud cases. From China Rebar case study, in order to increase profit, the manager makes false transaction between subsidiary company. It proves that the regulation is invalid when the manager is morally degenerate. From Lee and Li Attorneys case study, it proves that the imperfect internal control system, opportunity and pressure will make fraud event occurred easier. Forensic Accounting is different from general finance auditing. Aside from assisting fraud cases investigation, so to make clear the cases, it also helps judge with clear pictures so to make the right decisions with legal cases. This paper strongly holds the ideas of “importing” Forensic Accounting system and its related regulations. Personnel training should also take place at the same time. In doing so, we could help deal with our nation’s fraud cases and related problems of business management, and then to lower the rates of fraud cases.

碩士<br>東海大學<br>法律學系<br>105<br>Business fraud is a commercial crime. The government should crack down on fraud via judiciary to protect stakeholders’ property and equity or prevent the business fraud. This way can conform people's expectations. However, fraud model unceasingly renews and raise the complexity of fraud case. The offices of prosecution and police and the ministry of justice investigation have a lot of difficulties in fraud investigation and interrogation that have to be overcome. If without the accountant’s professional technical assistance in the fraud case, judicial official can’t solve the case as soon as possible. This thesis investigates forensic accounting and financial statement fraud and discusses the types of the fraud. Furthermore, this thesis discusses the real fraud techniques, the function of forensic accounting and the effects after the fraud case by case study, for example, the whistleblower protection. Forensic accounting is a hotly debated issue in Taiwan today. In business fraud case investigation and trial processing, the process usually depends on professional accounting and finance knowledge. But the judicial official is not great at those professional knowledge, so we need forensic accounting. This thesis will introduce the development of Taiwan’s forensic accounting. By gathering different viewpoints, this thesis hopes to contribute to the development of forensic accounting in Taiwan.

M.Com. (Computer Auditing)<br>Fraud is a major problem in South Africa and the world and organisations lose millions each year to fraud not being detected. Organisations can deal with the fraud that is known to them, but undetected fraud is a problem. There is a need for management, external- and internal auditors to detect fraud within an organisation. There is a further need for an integrated fraud detection model to assist managers and auditors to detect fraud. A literature study was done of authoritative textbooks and other literature on fraud detection and data mining, including the Knowledge Discovery Process in databases and a model was developed that will assist the manager and auditor to detect fraud in an organisation by using a technology called data mining which makes the process of fraud detection more efficient and effective.