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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Forensic chemistry

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Academic literature on the topic 'Forensic chemistry'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 August 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Forensic chemistry"

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Nekhoroshev, Sergey V., Alexandrа V. Nekhorosheva, Galina B. Slepchenko, Olga L. Gurieva, and Nadezhda A. Kvashennikova. "Methodological support of forensic chemistry laboratories in the system of forensic institutions in Russia." Yugra State University Bulletin 11, no. 3 (November 15, 2015): 14–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/byusu201511314-21.

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Methodological support of forensic chemistry laboratories in the system of forensic institutions in Russia The paper analyzes the effectiveness of analytical chemistry methods for solving forensics. The experience of foreign forensic chemistry laboratories and marked problematic issues at a poor level of scientific and methodical, personnel and methodological support of forensic institutions in Russia. Generated proposals for the modernization of the existing Russian system of forensic institutions and circuit training of expert personnel in the field of forensic chemistry.

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Nurul Rahma Windyani, Ersa, and Femalie A. Acbay. "The Correlation of Forensic Science Role : Forensic Photography, Forensic Toxicology and Digital Forensics Towards the Evidence in the Criminal Justice System." Journal of Law, Politic and Humanities 3, no. 3 (July 25, 2023): 360–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.38035/jlph.v3i3.236.

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The Role of Forensic Photography, Forensic Chemistry Toxicology and Digital Forensic on Pembuktian is a scientific article in the literature review within the scope of the field of Law and Criminology. The purpose of this article is to build a hypothesis of the influence between variables that will be used in further research. Research objects in online libraries, Google Scholar, Mendeley and other academic online media. The research method with the research library comes from e-books and open access e-journals. The results of this article: 1) Fotografi Forensik has an effect on Pembuktian; 2) Toksikologi Forensik has an effect on Pembuktian; and 3) Forensik Digital has an effect toward the Evidence.

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Bell, Suzanne. "Forensic Chemistry." Annual Review of Analytical Chemistry 2, no. 1 (July 19, 2009): 297–319. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-anchem-060908-155251.

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Pereira de Oliveira, Luiza, Diego Pessoa Rocha, William Reis de Araujo, Rodrigo Alejandro Abarza Muñoz, Thiago Regis Longo Cesar Paixão, and Maiara Oliveira Salles. "Forensics in hand: new trends in forensic devices (2013–2017)." Analytical Methods 10, no. 43 (2018): 5135–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8ay01389f.

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Forensic chemistry is the application of analytical chemistry to forensic analysis and is today one of the hot topics in the scientific literature and this review discusses works published between 2013 and 2017 regarding portable or potentially portable analytical methods that can be used in different areas of forensic chemistry.

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Spinosa De Martinis, Bruno. "Forensic Analytical Chemistry." Brazilian Journal of Analytical Chemistry 5, no. 21 (June 10, 2019): 6–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.30744/brjac.2179-3425.2018.5.21.6-7.

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Gercek, Zuhal. "Forensic chemistry training." Journal of Higher Education and Science 2, no. 3 (2012): 201. http://dx.doi.org/10.5961/jhes.2012.051.

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Almirall, Jose R. "Forensic Chemistry Education." Analytical Chemistry 77, no. 3 (February 2005): 69 A—72 A. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac053324k.

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Saferstein, R. "Forensic analytical chemistry." TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry 10, no. 5 (May 1991): v. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0165-9936(91)85120-g.

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Alward, Melinda R. "Trends in forensic chemistry." TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry 15, no. 5 (May 1996): VI—VII. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0165-9936(96)80635-2.

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Chasteen, Thomas G. "Review of: Forensic Chemistry." Journal of Forensic Sciences 51, no. 1 (January 2006): 204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1556-4029.2005.00041.x.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Forensic chemistry"

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Salem, Roberta Sue. "Developing a one-semester course in forensic chemical science for university undergraduates." Diss., Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/1333.

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Keen, Imelda P. "Forensic applications of Raman microprobe spectroscopy." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 1998.

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Khattab, Amin Khalid. "Fabrication, functionalization and characterization of silica monolith for forensic chemistry applications." Thesis, University of Hull, 2014. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:10112.

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The physiochemical properties of silica monolith make it an ideal base material for drugs extracting, pre-concentrating and separation from biological samples which can interact not only with molecules but also with ions and atoms. However, the fabrication of silica monoliths still has some problems, such as cost, limited capacity and fabrication and modification methodology, which can be time consuming and labour intensive. Structure evolution of silica monolith was studied in microwave and conventionally processed samples over the temperature range from 25 to 70 oC. The samples were produced using sol-gel processing. The microwave process was performed using a single mode cavity at 2.45GHz. Characterization of produced silica monoliths were carried out using a variety of techniques, including Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis, EDX analysis, BET and BJH analysis. The data obtained showed that structural differences do exist between conventional and microwave processed samples. It was found however, that microwave based fabrication offered a significantly quicker (11 min) gelation process, compared to those obtained using the thermal heated oven methodology (4,320 min). The silica monolithic surfaces were modified with three different phases C₁₈, gold nanoparticles and graphene which received a thermal treatment at different programmed powers in two different ovens, conventional and microwave. Three substantial variance were also identified from the structural characterization of modified silica surfaces processed using microwave heating and conventional heating methods: 1- The use of microwave heating during C₁₈ surface modification improved not only the attachment of C₁₈ groups to the silica surface but also increased the extraction efficiency of caffeine and eserine from standard solutions (102 % and 97 %, respectively). 2- The fabrication of gold nanoparticles-NH2-silica monolith using microwave heating was found to improve the sensitivity and selectivity of modified silica surface and make possible to extract, detect and quantify more than one type of drugs of abuse at the same time within few minutes. 3- Using graphene-silica monolith makes the extraction of non-polar, polar, very polar and water-soluble analytes, based on both hydrophobic and electronic interactions, easy and simple. Fabrication and modification of silica monoliths using microwave heating make the sol-gel procedure much faster and easier and allow for non-polar, polar, very polar and water-soluble analytes to be extracted more efficiently to produce accurate and precise results compared to the conventional method for fabrication and modification of silica monoliths using three phases (C₁₈, gold nanoparticles and graphene). Finally, this technique make the modified silica monolithic column capable to extract selected drugs of abuse from biological samples and produce qualitative and quantitative results at the same time using chemiluminescence based immunoassays or HPLC-UV.

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Baize, John. "Forensic Soil Analysis: Characterization of the Sand Fraction." TopSCHOLAR®, 1997. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/767.

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The purpose of this project was to develop a comprehensive analytical method for the characterization of soil by examining particle size, elemental composition, and percent organic matter in soil, and to determine its forensic applicability. In this study, five soils of varying geological locations were examined including two samples from Kentucky; two samples from Pennsylvania; and one from Washington D C A Gilson sonic sieve shaker was used to separate fractions of soil to determine particle size, and a JEOL scanning electron microscope with a Kevex EDS detector was used to determine elemental composition. These techniques coupled with percent total carbon analysis (determined with a LECO CHN-1000) provide a method that measures three forensic properties instead of one for the forensic comparison of soil.

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Andrews, Anthony Robert John. "The chemiluminescence detemination of drugs of forensic interest." Thesis, University of Hull, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.306129.

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Buttigieg, Gavin. "Forensic and toxicological applications of atomic analysis." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/280402.

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Toxicological and forensic applications of analytical chemistry provide both interesting and unique opportunities for analytical chemists to hone their skills and push their abilities. Modern analytical chemistry has afforded researchers the ability to probe into the intricate pathways of biochemical processes by systematic identification and characterization of biologically relevant compounds. Unfortunately, often due to the restrictive specifications of the instrumentation used, it is necessary to remove those compounds from their natural environments such that their structure and at the very least the significance of those compounds may not be fully recognized. The work described herein identifies and characterizes two biologically relevant arsenic and selenium containing species. These species were synthesized and identified in environments that are very similar to those found in vivo. The use of chemical information contained within a small arms cartridge has seen extremely limited use by forensic laboratories despite the wealth of chemical information that may be useful in differentiating between cartridges of various manufacturers. The study herein uses the elemental composition of small arms rifle primers to develop a multivariate model against which unknown primers were compared and ultimately classified. The FBI's practice of elemental analysis of small arms projectiles has recently come under fire as the result of an ex-FBI metallurgist's research study which concluded that the trace elements analyzed were too rigidly controlled by Pb smelters and therefore not useful in distinguishing between batches of ammunition. The scientific community is now scrutinizing the practice with a National Academy of Science review of the FBI's practices. Unlike the trace elements utilized by the FBI for distinguishing between projectiles of various "origins" Pb isotopic signature is not controlled by smelters and should, even in the case of recycled Pb, vary when Pb from differing origins is utilized for the manufacture of small arms projectiles. The study described herein shows that Pb isotopic analysis of small arms projectiles from various regions of the world is useful for differentiating between small arms projectiles and in limited cases may even be useful in determining the geographic origin of projectile manufacture.

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Peterson, Kristina L. "Advances in flow extraction techniques : applications in forensic toxicology /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/11552.

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Bani, Rashaid Ayat H. "Clinical and Forensic Biomarkers in Human Hair." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1407256298.

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Connon, Catherine Cupples. "Improving Processing Efficiency for Forensic DNA Samples." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2015. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc799515/.

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The goal of this project was to reduce processing time for forensic DNA testing without incurring significant added costs and/or the need for new instrumentation, while still generating high quality profiles. This was accomplished by: 1) extraction normalization using the ChargeSwitch® Forensic DNA Purification Kit such that a small range of DNA concentrations was consistently obtained, eliminating the need for sample quantification and dilution; 2) developing fast PCR protocols for STR primer sets using shorter amplification methods, low volume reactions and non-fast thermal cyclers; and 3) developing a quicker 3130xl Genetic Analyzer detection method using an alternative polymer/array length combination. Extraction normalization was achieved through a reduction in bead quantity, thereby forcing an increase in bead binding efficiency. Four products (AmpliTaq Gold® Fast PCR Master Mix, KAPA2G™ Fast Multiplex PCR Kit, SpeedSTAR™ HS DNA Polymerase and Type-it Microsatellite PCR Kit) were evaluated for low volume (3μl) fast PCR on a 384-well Veriti® thermal cycler with the Identifiler primer set. KAPA2G™ was selected for 3μl fast PCR protocols using PowerPlex 16 HS and Identifiler Plus primer sets (42-51min), as well as 5μl and 6μl Identifiler fast reactions on a 9700 thermal cycler (51-60min). Alternative detection (POP-6™/22cm) achieved 24-28min run times, but with decreased resolution as compared to traditional POP-4®/36cm detection for alleles >200bp; however, 1bp resolution was still obtainable for alleles <300bp. These modifications resulted in robust databasing processes with up to a 37% reduction in processing time for buccal swabs and Buccal DNA Collectors™ using the three primer sets evaluated (3μl fast PCR reactions) and generated high quality STR profiles with ≥90% pass rates.

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Adams, Deidré Ilana. "The development of appropriate methods for drug analysis at the Forensic Chemistry Laboratory, Cape Town." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/6294.

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Includes abstract.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 85-92).
The Forensic Chemistry Laboratory, Cape Town, analyses samples submitted by forensic pathologists in order to assist with determining the cause of death in cases of unnatural death. Many of these samples test positive for the presence of drugs and other toxic substances. Because of resource constraints, pathologists submit samples at their discretion and not on a routine basis. In this study, forensic and chemical aspects were combined and used as the motivation for the development of an improved extraction procedure for systematic toxicological analysis. The scope of the study was therefore twofold. Firstly, a study was undertaken of unnatural deaths in the greater Cape Town area for which samples would not normally have been submitted.

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Books on the topic "Forensic chemistry"

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Evans-Nguyen, Kenyon. Forensic Chemistry. Washington, DC, USA: American Chemical Society, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsinfocus.7e5009.

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Siegel, Jay A., ed. Forensic Chemistry. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118897768.

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Kobilinsky, Lawrence, ed. Forensic Chemistry Handbook. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118062241.

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Elkins, Kelly M. Introduction to Forensic Chemistry. Boca Raton, FL : CRC Press/Taylor & Francis Group, [2019]: CRC Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429454530.

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Khan, JaVed I., Thomas J. Kennedy, and Donnell R. Christian. Basic Principles of Forensic Chemistry. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59745-437-7.

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Harper-Leatherman, Amanda S., and Ling Huang, eds. Teaching Chemistry with Forensic Science. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2019-1324.

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United States. Drug Enforcement Administration, ed. A Career in forensic chemistry. [Washington, D.C.]: U.S. Dept. of Justice, Drug Enforcement Administration, 1987.

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1951-, Ho Mat H., ed. Analytical methods in forensic chemistry. New York: E. Horwood, 1990.

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J, Bogusz Maciej, ed. Forensic science. 2nd ed. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2008.

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Meier-Augenstein, Wolfram. Stable isotope forensics: An introduction to the forensic application of stable isotope analysis. Chichester, West Sussex: J. Wiley, 2010.

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Book chapters on the topic "Forensic chemistry"

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Lewis, Rob, and Wynne Evans. "Forensic Chemistry." In Chemistry, 416–23. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-230-34492-1_23.

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Lewis, Rhobert, and Wynne Evans. "Forensic Chemistry." In Chemistry, 439–46. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-61037-9_25.

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Catalano, Thomas. "Forensic Chemistry." In Good Laboratory Practices for Forensic Chemistry, 7–10. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-09725-1_3.

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Christian, Donnell. "Forensic Chemistry." In The Forensic Laboratory Handbook, 35–61. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1385/1-59259-946-x:35.

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Yadav, Vijay Kumar, Alok Kumar, Shaesta Shahid, Kriti Nigam, and Ankit Srivastava. "Forensic Chemistry." In Textbook of Forensic Science, 661–705. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-1377-0_22.

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Palenik, Christopher S. "Forensic microscopy." In Forensic Chemistry, 439–68. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118897768.ch11.

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Carpi, Anthony, and Andrew J. Schweighardt. "Forensic Environmental Chemistry." In Forensic Chemistry Handbook, 1–22. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118062241.ch1.

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Bell, Suzanne. "Overview of Combustion Chemistry." In Forensic Chemistry, 389–430. 3rd ed. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429440915-10.

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Li, Richard. "Forensic Serology." In Forensic Chemistry Handbook, 269–90. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118062241.ch8.

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Daéid, Niamh Nic. "Drugs of abuse." In Forensic Chemistry, 1–39. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118897768.ch1.

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Conference papers on the topic "Forensic chemistry"

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Otsuru, O., T. Kanamori, K. Tsujikawa, H. Inoue, T. Kishi, C. Otani, and K. Kawase. "THz Spectral Database for Forensic Chemistry." In >2006 Joint 31st International Conference on Infrared Millimeter Waves and 14th International Conference on Teraherz Electronics. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icimw.2006.368685.

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Wilk, Dariusz. "FORENSIC CHEMISTRY IN CRIMINAL PROCEEDING IN POLAND IN VIEWS OF EXPERTS." In 6th SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific Conferences on SOCIAL SCIENCES and ARTS Proceedings. STEF92 Technology, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgemsocial2019v/1.1/s02.016.

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Lingaraju and C. Suresh. "Mimosa Pudica extract mediated synthesis of LaOF:Tb3+ nanophosphors for display and advanced forensic applications." In NATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS: NCPCM2020. AIP Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0061407.

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Cieslinski, Benjamin, Mohamed Gharib, Brady Creel, and Tala Katbeh. "A Model Science-Based Learning STEM Program." In ASME 2019 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2019-10352.

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Abstract In this paper, a model STEM program called Engineering Heroes: Qatar Special Investigators (QSI), aimed to familiarize young students with science and engineering in real life applications, is presented. The program theme is about forensic science and technology, which included science and engineering activities with hands-on projects to challenge students’ science and critical thinking skills. Throughout the program, students learned about forensic science as an application of science, engineering and technology to collect, preserve, and analyze evidence to be used in the course of a legal investigation. Participants learned the history of forensic analysis and how it evolved into today’s specialized career field. Forensic specialists include backgrounds in chemistry, physics, biology, toxicology, chemical and electrical engineering. Topics included in the program were a study of toxicology and chemical analysis, assays to determine drug contents, fingerprint development, environmental contamination, chromatography in forgery, presumptive vs. confirmatory testing, scanning electron microscopy, infrared analysis, and evidence handling techniques. The details of the program are presented, including the contents, preparation, materials used, case studies, and final crime scene investigation, which featured the learning outcomes.

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Garrigós Selva, María Del Carmen, Marina Ramos, Radia Belhadj, Carlos Javier Pelegrín Perete, and Ana Cristina Mellinas Ciller. "COMBINATION OF PEER INSTRUCTION AND FLIPPED CLASSROOM METHODOLOGIES: A MURDER IN FORENSIC ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY." In 15th annual International Conference of Education, Research and Innovation. IATED, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21125/iceri.2022.1869.

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ZILIOTTO, Luis Henrique Carra, and Isaac Newton Lima DA SILVA. "ANALYSIS OF FALSE-POSITIVE RESULTS AND THE REAL EFFECTIVENESS OF LUMINOL IN THE DETECTION OF BLOOD SPOTS." In SOUTHERN BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY 2021 INTERNATIONAL VIRTUAL CONFERENCE. DR. D. SCIENTIFIC CONSULTING, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.48141/sbjchem.21scon.28_abstract_ziliotto.pdf.

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Forensic investigators have widely used luminol for more than 90 years in the identification of blood in life crime scenes. When mixed with an alkaline solution and sprayed on a catalyst (iron present in blood hemoglobin), it reproduces a chemiluminescent reaction with a bluish color. As it is a presumptive blood test, the present study sought to demonstrate that only the photons emission is not a prerogative to attest that the result is indeed human blood. In this perspective, 24 samples of both liquid and solid substances that can easily be found in residences and potentially used by criminals to impair the interpretation of the investigator at the crime scene were prepared. Out of the total of the analyzed samples, there was a chemical reaction with sodium hypochlorite and wood varnish, proving the known understanding that some samples may cause interference in the examination with luminol.

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SILVA, Andrei Marcelino Sá Pires, Edna Aparecida Faria de ALMEIDA, and Jorge Fernando Silva de MENEZES. "EXTRACTION, PURIFICATION, AND COMBINATION OF LAPACHOL IN NOVEL EUROPIUM COMPLEX." In SOUTHERN BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY 2021 INTERNATIONAL VIRTUAL CONFERENCE. DR. D. SCIENTIFIC CONSULTING, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.48141/sbjchem.21scon.38_abstract_silva.pdf.

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Lapachol belongs to the group of 1,4-naphthoquinones, with the addition of a hydroxide group attached to carbon 2 and a branched alkene nomenclature 3-methyl-2-butenyl attached to carbon 3, with final nomenclature 2-hydroxy-3 -(3-methyl-2-butenyl)-1,4-naphthoquinone. As a chromophore, it exhibits near-ultraviolet absorption, one of the important characteristics in the process of choosing ligands to integrate photoluminescent lanthanide complexes. Photoluminescent materials are currently widely used in the market for making plates, paints, plates, tapes, pigments, and other luminescent equipment. The use of what are called DMCLs (Molecular Light Converting Devices) is increasing in Photovoltaic Cells, Optical Luminescent Tracers, Forensic Chemistry, Fluoroimmunoassays, and more. Knowing the great demand for these devices, it is feasible to study and characterize new compounds that have favorable emission characteristics and that allow their use in the aforementioned categories. For this, the use of lanthanides is a great proposal, and the application of a chromophore ligand, such as Lapachol, aims to provide an increase in the emission of the final product. In the present work, the extraction, a new purification process of Lapachol from its natural source, the Ipê Roxo wood, is reported, as well as the characterizations that attest to the feasibility of the new process, in addition to the use of the material as a binder in lanthanide complexes.

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Kentis, Samantha E., William D. Ulicny, Kenan Ünlü, Susan Heller-Zeisler, and Rolf Zeisler. "National Nuclear Forensics Expertise Development Program." In 8TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON METHODS AND APPLICATIONS OF RADIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY: MARC-VIII. AIP, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3224696.

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Drescher, Adam, Brandon De Luna, Marjolein Pasman, Derek Haas, and Sheldon Landsberger. "Revamping of a Graduate Radiochemistry Course for Nuclear Forensics Applications." In 2018 26th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone26-81593.

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Laboratories in traditional radiochemistry courses typically involve basic and fundamental understanding in solvent extraction, ion exchange, precipitation, etc. procedures. With the increased focus on nuclear forensics in pre- and post-detonation scenarios different skill sets are now required for the student to learn. At the University of Texas we have developed two independent graduate courses in gamma-ray spectrometry and radiochemistry. Currently, we have amalgamated these two courses to 1. better serve our nuclear engineering graduate students, many of which are involved in nuclear forensics and 2. to attract both undergraduate and graduate students from the Chemistry Department. We incorporated gamma-ray spectrometry laboratories with several others which are nuclear forensics related. The seven laboratory sessions include half-life measurement of 137mBa (the daughter produce of 137Cs) and secular equilibrium, basic gamma and beta shielding, and gamma-ray spectrometry calibration, resolution and uncertainty in statistics. These labs have been augmented with four others including uranium fission product identification, 137Cs soil profile with Compton suppression, tritium analysis in water with a liquid scintillation counter and double replacement reaction.

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Morris, J. P., B. Clary, Y. Kanarska, B. J. Isaac, A. L. Nichols, and K. Knight. "Modeling Thermomechanical Failure and Entrainment of Structural and Geological Materials into a Nuclear Fireball." In 56th U.S. Rock Mechanics/Geomechanics Symposium. ARMA, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.56952/arma-2022-2290.

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ABSTRACT: Understanding how the fireball from a nuclear detonation interacts with its environment is essential to predicting the post-detonation environment, including fallout composition and form. Realistic scenarios for nuclear events inevitably involve complex environments, such as urban settings, however the majority of data informing fallout processes come from environments devoid of relevant buildings or other structures. This paper summarizes recent developments in simulations of above-ground nuclear explosions as part of a broader effort to better characterize conditions within a fireball that may influence the chemical evolution of bomb materials and other materials entrained from the local explosion environment. We discuss our recent improvements in modeling of the coupling of radiation transport and mechanical deformation, as well as the transition from intact materials (e.g., rock, concrete, etc.) into airborne particulates. The entrainment process is particularly important to our investigations because entrained materials are a predominant influence on the chemistry and form of resultant fallout. 1. INTRODUCTION This paper discusses recent efforts as part of an internal research project at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory to improve our understanding of the post nuclear detonation environment, including the chemical evolution of species within the fireball, addressing both bomb debris and entrained material. The motivation is to be able to provide actionable information for both forensic (e.g., establishing responsibility for an event) and consequence management (e.g., predicting the activity of respirable particles). Our goal is to be able to simulate complex scenarios that involve conditions outside of historical testing experience, including, for example, an event at street level in an urban environment. Modeling of such scenarios involves capturing a number of physical and chemical processes that span a range of spatial and temporal scales. Fig. 1 shows the approximate sequence of events and associated processes. At early time, the outgoing shockwave and radiation cause damage and vaporization of immediate geologic materials and structure prior to entrainment into the evolving fireball. It is critically important to capture the geomechanical processes at this stage of fireball evolution. The vaporization, pulverization, and comminution of the geologic materials will determine how much mass introduced into the fireball at early time. This entrained material plays at least two critical roles. First, the entrained mass will cool the fireball, leading to more rapid condensation of materials from the plasma state. Second, the entrained material introduces additional chemical species that contribute to subsequent fallout formation. As the fireball expands and radiates, the initial plasma state cools and individual atoms and molecules can develop. During this phase, it is important to be able to predict what specific molecules develop, because some molecules are more refractory than others. For example, depending upon how much oxygen is available, different oxidation states will be achieved with different melting points. Consequently, modeling the mixing of the fireball with both entrained materials and with the atmosphere is key to predicting the initial formation of fallout relevant radionuclide species. With further cooling, nucleation and condensation of particles occurs, and they are subsequently transported to the surrounding environment.

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Reports on the topic "Forensic chemistry"

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Rundberg, Robert S. Nuclear Forensics and Radiochemistry: Chemistry. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1409798.

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Kayzar-Boggs, Theresa Marie. Separations for Radiochronometry and Forensics: Chemistry - Nuclear and Radiochemistry. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1565821.

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Anthony, Ian. The Centre for Chemistry and Technology and the Future of the OPCW. Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, March 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.55163/qqub4986.

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With the destruction of the final remaining stockpiles of declared chemical weapons in 2023, the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW) must adjust to a new role. The inauguration of the OPCW’s Centre for Chemistry and Technology (CCT) in 2023 provides a new resource to assist the organization and the international community in reducing and eliminating the threat from chemical weapons. Now that the CCT is operational, it is important to build momentum behind a substantive programme of work. Projects for the programme could be grouped into four thematic categories: understanding technological developments; chemical forensics; broadening geographical representation; and tailored training programmes. The CCT should be led by a director, who should work with a newly established Office of Science and Technology to develop the centre’s strategic direction. To provide the CCT with stable and secure financing, a trust fund for the CCT should be established.

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