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Journal articles on the topic 'Forensic Explosive Investigation'
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1
Sodhi, Gurvinder Singh, and Jasjeet Kaur. "Forensic Investigation of Explosions: A Review." Journal of Forensic Chemistry and Toxicology 5, no. 2 (2019): 137–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.21088/jfct.2454.9363.5219.7.
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An explosion is defined as a violent, shattering action caused by a bomb. The main chemical ingredient of a bomb is the explosive – an endothermic substance which serves as a storehouse of energy. When this energy is suddenly released, in the confined space of the bomb, it causes a devastating effect, resulting in loss of lives and property. As compared to conventional crime scenes, explosion sites are more difficult to process. In many cases a building may have collapsed and the crime scene evidence may have become buried beneath the debris. A vital aspect of forensic investigation of bomb blasts is to establish the explosion seat. Equally important is to identify the type of chemical explosives used to commit the crime. This communication highlights the complications encountered in the management of explosion sites and the difficulties experienced in processing the evidence collected there from. The types of injuries which the victims of explosion suffer are also briefly described.
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Bjelovuk, Ivana, and Slavko Pavlović. "Forensic examination of improvised explosive devices." Bezbednost, Beograd 64, no. 3 (2022): 46–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/bezbednost2203046b.
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The paper presents some types of improvised explosive devices (IED) and ways of placing and initiating them in domestic forensic practice. In general, handling explosive devices is very demanding and responsible and it carries many security risks. Therefore, there are specifics in crime scene investigation. The involvement of a specially trained team with knowledge of bomb squad techniques is very important, since there is always a risk of new explosion. When it comes to improvised explosive devices, crime scene investigation is more complex. Every improvised explosive device is unique since its production depends on the knowledge, imagination, experience of the perpetrator and the availability of materials. Thus, such a device can be considered more dangerous compared to military explosive devices from the point of view of bomb-squad techniques, considering that members of the police at the scene find it harder to recognize the device because they cannot find it in professional literature and catalogs. For quality and comprehensive crime scene investigation, it is very important to learn and analyze cases of planted devices, since each scene is unique. The importance of identifying the improvised explosive device is great, considering the fact that it can indicate the source of supply of the explosive substance and other parts of the device, the perpetrator's possession of specific knowledge and the manner of committing the crime. The aim of the paper is to demonstrate possible ways of initiating and placing an explosive device for its easier observation in bomb squad examination and easier crime scene investigation in case of its activation. The paper analyzes the ways in which explosive devices were made, where they were planted, the ways in which the devices were initiated and physical evidence that remained at the crime scene. The research covers the period from 2007 to 2022. The research has shown that improvisation was mainly performed in the initial part of the explosive device, as well as that high explosives were used during the observed period.
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Syed Khurram Hassan and Hafiza Hadia Shehzad. "The Nanoforensic: An Advanced Perspective in Crime Investigation." International Journal for Electronic Crime Investigation 7, no. 1 (2023): 33–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.54692/ijeci.2023.0701126.
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Nano forensics is the advanced application of nanotechnology-based techniques to resolve cases in forensic science. Forensic science offers scientific methods in a criminal investigation. Nano-forensics deals with the development of new approaches for fingerprint visualization, DNA isolation, forensic toxicology, explosive detection, identification of body fluids, gunshot residue analysis, detection of illicit drugs, etc. The nanomaterials used in forensic science are nanocrystals, nanoparticles, quantum dots, nanobelts, nanocomposites, nanoclusters, nanotubes, nanorods, etc. The scope of nanotechnology is very wide.
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Prykhodko, Yurii, Taras Ivasychyn, Andrii Kulchytskyi, and Volodymyr Munchak. "SOME ASPECTS OF SITUATIONAL EXPLOSIVE EXPERTISE." Criminalistics and Forensics, no. 68 (July 3, 2023): 449–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.33994/kndise.2023.68.44.
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The peculiarity of the issues discussed in this article is the study of situational expertise as a type of forensic research. The team of authors consider situational forensic expertise in terms of explosives expertise because this type of research is quite specific. Practice shows that not all participants in the criminal process equally understand the importance of studying the issue related to the situational explosive expertise. There are many examples of errors in the appointment of situational explosive technical expertise, in solving questions by experts during the performance of this type of expertise. However, the most difficult issue is the collection and provision of objects (materials) for expert research. Special attention should be paid to this because based on the results of the situational study, the court makes an important decision on the punishment of the guilty. Carrying out the analysis of the current state of situational expert studies in the sense of appointing and conducting forensic explosive expertise will improve the quality of the investigation of crimes related to the use of explosive devices, ammunition and explosives. The article determines that a feature of the situational explosive expertise is that by its nature, in most cases, it should be a comprehensive forensic expertise. When conducting situational explosive expertise, the results of investigative (search) actions related to the study of the situation at the scene of the incident should be taken into account. The subject of situational explosive expertise is incidents specifically related to the subject of confirmation. Situational explosive expertise is distinguished by the complex and multi-stage nature of the tasks being solved, determined by the specific features of the objects of study, which are multi-component events. Situational explosive expertise is carried out on the basis of the versions put forward by the investigation and the court. When conducting a situational explosive expertise, the results of an inspection of the scene of the incident are used, and in most cases of other investigative (detective) actions, including an investigative experiment, the conclusions of experts regarding previously conducted forensic expertise are taken into account.
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Dr. Syeda Mona Hassan and Dr. Aftab Ahmad Malik. "The Nanotechnology: An applied and extensive approach in solving crimes." International Journal for Electronic Crime Investigation 6, no. 2 (2022): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.54692/ijeci.2022.0602103.
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Nanotechnology has great influence on modern technology. In order to identify, individualize, andassess evidence, forensic science applies knowledge and methods. Then, with the aid of evidence,crime scenes will be rebuilt, investigations will be directed, and offenders will be prosecuted.Nano-analysis is one of modern technology that is most frequently used in forensic science. Thecharacterization can be done by using tools like the atomic force microscope (AFM), aman microspectroscopy, scanning electron microscope (SEM), and transmission electron microscope (TEM)(Micro-Raman). Nanotechnologies might be essential in current forensic investigation issues likeforensic toxicological analysis, explosive detection, detection of explosive residue, finger printanalysis, forensic DNA analysis, forensic nano trackers, and drug-facilitated crime.
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Chornyi, H. "MICROTRACES IN THE SYSTEM OF CRIMINAL CHARACTERISTICS OF TERRORIST NATURE CRIMES." Theory and Practice of Forensic Science and Criminalistics 22, no. 2 (2020): 60–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.32353/khrife.2.2020.05.
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The article is devoted to study of problems of microtraces classification at the general theoretical and scientific forensic level with subsequent extrapolation to microtraces which form a typical trace evidence picture of forensic characteristics in terrorist nature crimes. The analysis of scientific approaches to the definition of microtrace allows us to identify and outline main features typical for this definition, namely: small size; small amount of substances and materials: invisible or faintly visible under normal conditions of observation; peculiarities of their detection, record, seizure and research. The classification of microtraces based on various grounds is provided. Thus, according to organization of matter (form of physical embodiment), microtraces (microparticles) are divided into: single physical formations (individual physical bodies with a stable form); substances (materials) that do not take the from of an individual body (liquids, powdered substances). In accordance with immediate source of origin, micro-objects are classified into two large groups: parts of natural origin (from natural objects); parts separated from objects that are largely processed or man-made. In the first group, four subgroups must be distinguished: microtraces that have separated from the human body; micro-objects from animal; microparticles from plants; micro-objects of mineral nature. When considering micro-objects in conjunction with carrier objects, they are differentiated by a trace-forming object and the type of contact with the carrier: overlay; inclusion; layering.
 It is noted that the most typical ways of committing terrorist nature crimes are the use of firearms, cold weapons and the use of explosive weapons and / or explosives.
 Taking into account the fact that manufacture, possession and use of explosive weapons or explosives for the investigation of crimes of this category affects the criminal law qualification, tactics of individual investigative actions (eg site inspection, search, etc.). Microtraces can be classified according to conditions and time of their formation into the following groups: formation of microtraces that are associated with illegal manufacture, acquisition, storage, sale of explosive weapons or explosives; microtraces of preparation of explosive weapons directly before the explosion; microtraces of explosive weapons. The analysis of the essence of these situations allowed the author to establish and provide an appropriate list of typical microtraces in investigation of terrorist nature crime.
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Yusupov, Volodymyr. "AMMUNITION, EXPLOSIVES AND EXPLOSIVE DEVICES AS OBJECTS OF CRIMINAL ATTACKS IN THE COMMISSION OF A CRIMINAL OFFENSE UNDER ARTICLE 263-1 OF THE CRIMINAL CODE OF UKRAINE." Criminalistics and Forensics, no. 68 (July 3, 2023): 139–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.33994/kndise.2023.68.14.
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One of the subjects of criminal encroachment in the commission of a crime under Art. 263-1 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine are ammunition, explosives and explosive devices. Such objects are capable of causing destruction, have the ability to cause bodily injury or death to a person and form significant material harm. At the present stage, in the absence of a basic law on weapons, in practice, there are certain problems with the qualification of the acts of persons as the illegal manufacture of ammunition, explosives and explosive devices. The article presents the concepts and types of these elements of the forensic characteristics of a crime under Art. 263-1 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine. The classification of ammunition, explosives and explosive devices makes it possible to differentiate a specific object as the subject of a crime under Art. 263-1 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine, to determine its forensically significant properties and characteristics. Particular attention is paid to traces that appear at the site of careless handling of ammunition, explosives and explosive devices. To inspect the sites of these incidents, it is imperative to involve specialists in ballistics, explosives specialists, as well as other persons with special knowledge in the field of ballistics and explosives. The presence of these specialists also ensures the safety of other participants in this investigative action. Ammunition, explosives and explosive devices as objects of criminal assault have a close relationship with the personality of the offender, the method of committing a criminal offence and the pattern of traces. Therefore, the establishment of the objects of criminal encroachment and their study allow you to correctly select the methods, techniques and means of investigation, determine the optimal sequence of investigative actions, and also properly ensure the investigation of a crime under Art. 263-1 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine. The article concludes with the importance of ammunition, explosives, and explosive devices for establishing the elements of a forensic characterization of a crime under Art. 263-1 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine, and the need to use the special knowledge of experts involved in the relevant criminal proceedings.
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Irwin, Ann. "Explosive investigation symposium." Science & Justice 38, no. 1 (1998): 49–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1355-0306(98)72073-8.
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Huseinov, R., and Yu Panchuk. "Basic calculation methods of investigation of circumstances and mechanism of man-made explosions." Theory and Practice of Forensic Science and Criminalistics 23, no. 1 (2021): 258–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.32353/khrife.1.2021.20.
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The article purpose is to analyze the danger of man-made explosions and provide calculation methods for determining the mechanism of the occurrence of an explosion during forensic examinations of the study of the circumstances and mechanism of man-made explosions.
 The relevance of the article is caused by the fact that present-day production and everyday life cannot dispense with the usage of combustible and explosive substances. The particular attention to be paid to emergency prevention related to explosives, as well as the research to determine the mechanism of man-made explosions. The research on the mechanism of man-made explosions will make it possible to determine the technical cause of their occurrence, to analyze for what reason and for whose fault the event occurred, and also what measures should be taken to minimize the likelihood of such situations occurence.
 It is noted that in order to obtain reliable conclusions about the mechanism of man-made explosions, it is necessary to use scientifically based methods and methodologies allowing us to assess the extent of destruction. The degree of destruction of surrounding building structures and harm to people depends on overpressure caused as the result of a significant expansion of the explosion products and their spread to all directions from the center of explosion. The most frequent causes of explosions in the explosive object are: destruction and damage to production tanks, equipment and pipelines; deviation from production regulations (excess pressure and temperature of equipment operating mode), low-quality control of equipment and work while conducting require work, and untimely or poor-quality maintenance of technological equipment.
 The main calculation methods for the research of the man-made explosions in open areas, indoors, and limited space are given, which will allow to systematize the research process and analyze the flow of explosions in specific situations, and to establish a mechanism for their occurrence when conducting forensic examinations of the circumstances and mechanism of man-made explosions.
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DR Syeda Mona Hassan, Dr. Aftab Ahmad Malik, and Hafiza Hadia Shehzad. "New Perspective of Calcium Oxide Nanoparticles in Forensic Science." International Journal for Electronic Crime Investigation 6, no. 2 (2022): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.54692/ijeci.2022.0602102.
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Nano-technologies have wide applications in the field of forensic science. Nanotechnology is animportant and powerful tool in most the areas including medicine, imaging, and forensic sciences. Ithas potential to make significant positive contribution in forensic science in crime detection. Thepresent article focuses on the applications of CaO nanoparticles in developing and detecting thelatent fingerprints. Fingerprint is considered noteworthy evidence in any crime scene, andnano-based techniques. An attempt was made to elucidate how nanotechnologies could be crucial inaddressing current forensic investigation issues such as explosive detection, toxicological analysis,finger print analysis, forensic DNA analysis, detection of explosive residue, forensic nano trackersand drug facilitated crime.
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Sandeep, K. Vaishnav, Tamrakar Pankaj, K. Sahu Dinesh, and Mishra Rajesh. "Exploding danger: A forensic analysis of the paint thinner explosion incident." GSC Advanced Research and Reviews 16, no. 2 (2023): 010–15. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10612323.
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This case study examines a paint thinner explosion incident that occurred in a residential house, resulting in the loss of life, injuries and property damage. The study investigates the explosive characteristics of paint thinner, storage conditions, ignition sources, human factors, and the findings of a forensic investigation. The incident involved an individual attempting to open a plastic container of paint thinner, which exploded upon opening, causing the individual's incapacitation and subsequent death. Three family members standing nearby suffered serious injuries. The forensic investigation revealed accumulation of flammable vapors due to high temperatures and poor ventilation, potential ignition from nearby bamboo stick burning, inadequate safety measures, and human errors as contributing factors. The study emphasizes the importance of proper storage, handling, and training in dealing with flammable substances, as well as the need for effective safety measures and adherence to regulations to prevent such incidents in the future.
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Ashutosh, Chakrabortty, Bagchi (Chattoraj) Seema, and Chandra Lahiri Sujit. "Investigation on improvised explosive devices and the physicochemical nature of the fuel binders." Journal of Indian Chemical Society Vol. 89, Nov 2012 (2012): 1515–24. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5771597.
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Central Forensic Science Laboratory 30, Gorachand Road, Kolkata-700 014, India <em>E-mail</em> : sujitclahiri@yahoo.com; c.ashu@rediffmail.com <em>Manuscript received 24 August 2011, accepted 22 February 2012</em> Exhibits of a series of bomb blasts (lED or Improvised Explosive Devices) in Southern parts of West Bengal, sent to the CFSL (Central Forensic Science Laboratory) showed that the explosives contained ammonium nitrate, sodium/potassium nitrate, traces of chlorides, sulfate etc. and paint grade aluminum powder with fuels sparingly soluble in acetone but soluble in ether. Gas chromatography-Mass spectrometric analysis of fuel oils (1-6) and fuels in the explosives indicated the absence of fuel oils. GC-MS analysis of ethereal solutions of wax collected from candle sticks available in the market showed the fuels used in the explosives were easily available ordinary wax though a number of explosives contained synthetic wax as apparent from GC-MS. The fuel contents in the explosives were 3.3-6.2% for ordinary waxes but 8.9-11.2% for synthetic waxes probably related to high melting and low melting points of the natural waxes and synthetic waxes. The results showed that lED's were not truly ANFO as reported earlier. The ethereal solutions of the waxes showed fluorescence but the excitation maxima and the fluorescence maxima were similar indicating the similarities of the hydrocarbons present with changes in molecular weights in the hydrocarbon fractions of the fuel.
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Peretiatko, Serhii. "PROCEDURAL AND FORENSIC FEATURES OF THE CONDUCT OF INDIVIDUAL INVESTIGATIVE (DETECTIVE) ACTIONS IN THE INVESTIGATION OF CRIMINAL OFFENCES UNDER ART. 263 1 OF THE CRIMINAL CODE OF UKRAINE." Criminalistics and Forensics, no. 68 (July 3, 2023): 275–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.33994/kndise.2023.68.27.
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Based on the analysis of scientific points of view and practice of investigating the illegal manufacture, processing or repair of firearms or falsification, the illegal removal or change of its marking, or the illegal manufacture of ammunition, explosives or explosive devices, the procedural and forensic features of the search (house, localities, persons), presentation for identification, investigative experiment, recognition. The significance of individual investigative (search) actions of forensic examinations for criminal procedural proof has been clarified, typical errors in their conduct have been identified, and ways to avoid and solve them have been proposed.
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Dr. Syeda Mona Hassan, Dr Aftab Ahmad Malik, and Zermina Khalid. "The The role and impact of Aluminium oxide nanoparticles in crime investigation." International Journal for Electronic Crime Investigation 6, no. 1 (2022): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.54692/ijeci.2022.060194.
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Nanotechnology is an important and powerful tool in most the areas including medicine, imaging, andforensic sciences. It is rapidly growing region of research with potential in various fields, running frommedical care to production and physical science. Nanotechnology has a potential to make significantpositive contribution in forensic science in crime detection. Forensic science applies knowledge andmethods from natural science in order to identify, individualize, and assess evidence. Hence, with theaid of evidence, crime scenes can be rebuilt, investigations can be directed, and offenders can be prose-cuted. Nano-analysis use tools like UV Vis spectroscopy, atomic force microscope (AFM), XRD,EDX, Raman micro spectroscopy (Raman), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and transmissionelectron microscope (TEM) (Raman). Moreover, in current article, an attempt was made to elucidatehow nanotechnologies could be crucial in addressing current forensic investigation issues such asexplosive detection, forensic toxicological analysis, finger print analysis, forensic DNA analysis, detec-tion of explosive residue, forensic nano trackers, drug facilitated crime.
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Sandeep K Vaishnav, Pankaj Tamrakar, Dinesh K Sahu, and Rajesh Mishra. "Exploding danger: A forensic analysis of the paint thinner explosion incident." GSC Advanced Research and Reviews 16, no. 2 (2023): 010–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/gscarr.2023.16.2.0322.
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This case study examines a paint thinner explosion incident that occurred in a residential house, resulting in the loss of life, injuries and property damage. The study investigates the explosive characteristics of paint thinner, storage conditions, ignition sources, human factors, and the findings of a forensic investigation. The incident involved an individual attempting to open a plastic container of paint thinner, which exploded upon opening, causing the individual's incapacitation and subsequent death. Three family members standing nearby suffered serious injuries. The forensic investigation revealed accumulation of flammable vapors due to high temperatures and poor ventilation, potential ignition from nearby bamboo stick burning, inadequate safety measures, and human errors as contributing factors. The study emphasizes the importance of proper storage, handling, and training in dealing with flammable substances, as well as the need for effective safety measures and adherence to regulations to prevent such incidents in the future.
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Попов, В. А., and А. А. Рудавин. "SOME ASPECTS OF SCENE EXAMINATION IN THE INVESTIGATION OF TERRORIST ACTS COMMITTED WITH THE USE OF UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLES." Digest of research works "Criminalistics: yesterday, today, tomorrow", no. 2(30) (June 28, 2024): 191–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.55001/2587-9820.2024.35.46.019.
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В научной статье дается характеристика беспилотным летательным аппаратам с позиции их технического устройства. Приводится перечень основных беспилотных летательных аппаратов, используемых вооруженными силами Украины, в том числе для совершения террористических актов на территории Российской Федерации. В статье также рассматриваются наиболее важные аспекты осмотра места происшествия в зоне падения беспилотных летательных аппаратов с прикрепленным взрывным устройством или без такового. Основное внимание акцентируется на осмотре места происшествия в зоне взрыва, а также на осмотре уцелевших после детонации фрагментов взрывного устройства и беспилотного летательного аппарата. Авторами также приводятся рекомендации по осмотру беспилотных летательных аппаратов с неразорвавшимися взрывными устройствами, даются указания по использованию конкретных технико-криминалистических средств и устройств, имеющихся в арсенале специалиста-взрывотехника. Приводится алгоритм действий по фиксации, изъятию, транспортировке и локализации объектов криминалистического интереса, связанных с местом падения беспилотных летательных аппаратов. The scientific article characterizes unmanned aerial vehicles from the position of their technical device. The list of the main unmanned aerial vehicles used by the armed forces of Ukraine, including for committing terrorist acts in the territory of the Russian Federation, is given. The article also considers the most important aspects of the examination of the scene of an incident in the area of the fall of unmanned aerial vehicles with or without an attached explosive device. The main attention is focused on the examination of the scene in the explosion zone, as well as on the examination of fragments of the explosive device and the drone that survived the detonation. The authors also provide recommendations on the examination of unmanned aerial vehicles with unexploded explosive devices, give instructions on the use of specific technical and forensic means and devices available in the arsenal of the specialist -explosive technician. The algorithm of actions on fixation, seizure, transportation and localization of objects of forensic interest related to the place of drone crash is given.
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Ильин, Николай Николаевич. "Transport and explosives forensic examinations in the investigation of terrorist acts." Расследование преступлений: проблемы и пути их решения, no. 1(35) (April 25, 2022): 147–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.54217/2411-1627.2022.35.1.019.
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Постановка проблемы. В настоящее время борьба с терроризмом является особенно актуальной. Рост числа преступлений террористической направленности в России заставляет правоохранительные органы вести поиск эффективных средств и методов их предупреждения, раскрытия и расследования. Изучение практики по уголовным делам о терроризме на транспорте показывает, что при назначении и производстве судебных экспертиз может возникнуть потребность в привлечении экспертов, обладающих специальными знаниями не только в области взрывотехники, но и транспорта. С помощью комплексной транспортной и взрывотехнической экспертизы можно попытаться наиболее точно установить причину транспортного происшествия вследствие совершенного террористического акта. Цель. Рассмотреть некоторые вопросы назначения комплексных транспортных и взрывотехнических судебных экспертиз при расследовании террористических актов. Методология. При написании статьи применялись общенаучные методы, а также специальные методы социологии (статистика, анкетирование и интервьюирование). Выводы. Следователям необходимо изучать основы судебной экспертизы в целях правильного составления постановлений о назначении судебных экспертиз, подготовки сравнительных образцов, самостоятельной оценки заключения эксперта, пополнения собственных знаний о современных возможностях судебных экспертиз. Problem setting. The fight against terrorism is now particularly relevant. The increase in the number of terrorist crimes in Russia forces law enforcement agencies to search for effective means and methods for their prevention, disclosure and investigation. A study of the practice in criminal cases of terrorism in transport shows that in the appointment and production of forensic examinations there may be a need to attract experts with special knowledge not only in the field of explosive equipment, but also in the field of transport. With the help of a comprehensive transport and explosive examination, you can try to determine the cause of the transport accident because of a terrorist act. Target. Consider some issues of the appointment of complex transport and explosive forensic examinations in the investigation of terrorist acts. Methodology. When writing the article, the author used general scientific methods, as well as special methods of sociology (statistics, questionnaire and interviewing). Conclusions. Investigators need to study the basics of forensic expertise in order to correctly compile decisions on the appointment of forensic expertise, prepare comparative samples, independently evaluate the expert's opinion, and supplement their own knowledge of the modern possibilities of forensic expertise.
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Peretiatko, Serhii. "PROBLEMS OF APPOINTMENT AND CONDUCTING THE FORENSIC EXAMINATION IN THE INVESTIGATION OF CRIMINAL OFFENSES UNDER ART. 263-1 OF THE CRIMINAL CODE OF UKRAINE." Criminalistics and Forensics, no. 67 (August 9, 2022): 114–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.33994/kndise.2022.67.13.
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Based on the analysis of scientific points of view and practice of investigating the illegal manufacture, processing, or repair of firearms or falsification, the illegal removal or change of its marking, or the illegal manufacture of ammunition, explosives, or explosive devices, typical types of forensic examinations carried out in such criminal proceedings are identified. The values of the selected forensic examinations for criminal procedural proof have been established, typical errors in their appointment and conduct have been identified, ways to prevent and solve them have been proposed. The effectiveness of the expert opinion and its use by the investigator depends not only on the legality and validity of his preparation by the expert, the solution of all the necessary questions that were put before him/her but also on the admissibility and belonging of obtaining evidence during investigative (search) actions, based on which expertise is being conducted. Prevention and elimination of these negative factors will contribute to the prevention of expert errors, will contribute to the effectiveness of the investigation of crimes in this category.
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Moskalenko, Vasiliy. "On the positive experience of using the possibilities of the explosive laboratory of the Forensic Center of the Main Directorate of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia in St. Petersburg and the Leningrad Region in terrorist crimes detection and investigation." Vestnik of the St. Petersburg University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia 2021, no. 3 (2021): 153–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.35750/2071-8284-2021-3-153-161.
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This article is devoted to the description of the still functioning explosive laboratory created in the structure of the Expert and Technical Department of the Criminal Militia Service of the Central Government of St. Petersburg and the Leningrad Region. The main tasks carried out by the employees of the 10th department of the State Economic Department of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia in St. Petersburg and the Leningrad Region (department of explosive and fire and technical expertise) are highlighted. Special attention is paid to the participation of these employees in crime scenes investigation of offences involving using explosive objects with subsequent explosive expertise. The author provides examples of high-profile criminal cases. In addition, the author underlines the significant role of interaction of the laboratory under consideration with various law enforcement services for highly efficient expert support in the investigation of crimes related to the illicit trafficking of explosive objects, as well as in solving complex and far from secure operational tasks in order to further scientific and practical development for needs of law enforcement agencies (emphasis is placed on scientific researches of the employees of the 10th department of the Forensic Center).
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Sharay, Y. V. "FEATURES OF INVOLVEMENT OF EXPERTS OF THE EXPERT SERVICE OF THE MIA AS SPECIALISTS IN THE CRIME SCENE INVESTIGATION." Herald of criminal justice, no. 3-4 (2023): 348–57. https://doi.org/10.17721/2413-5372.2023.3-4/348-357.
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The purpose of the study is to analyze the theoretical and practical aspects of involving experts of the Expert Service of the MIA as specialists in conducting an examination of the crime scene investigation. Achieve the purpose of the study, the author uses the general dialectical method of scientific cognition of real phenomena and their connections with the practical activities of law enforcement agencies. The special research methods used in this article are: the method of system analysis; comparative legal analysis; comparative analysis; modeling. The theoretical basis of the study is the latest scientific works of Ukrainian scholars in the chosen field. The scientific novelty of the study is that, based on the analysis of the array of available data on the theory and practice of involving experts of the Expert Service of the MIA as specialists in the examination of the crime scene investigation, the current possibilities and feasibility of using specialized mobile laboratories of forensic, automotive, explosive and other types are considered. Involvement of experts of the Expert Service of the MIA as specialists in the examination of the crime scene investigation is one of the main methods of identifying and documenting signs of a criminal offense during the pre-trial investigation. Most crimes (taking into account departmental regulations) are detected in specialized mobile laboratories of forensic, automotive, explosive and other types. There is a need to improve the interaction between the technical and forensic units of the pre-trial investigation bodies of the National Police and the units of the Expert Service of the MIA, the relevant legal framework, and to take measures to improve the technical equipment of the relevant institutions.
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Serkevych, I. R., and Yu O. Lisitsyna. "Peculiarities of using specialized knowledge as a component of the investigation methodology of terrorism-related crimes." Uzhhorod National University Herald. Series: Law 3, no. 82 (2024): 123–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.24144/2307-3322.2024.82.3.20.
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The article deals with the peculiarities of using specialized knowledge as a component of the methodology for investigating terrorist crimes. The problems of using special knowledge in non-procedural and procedural forms are considered. The author analyzes the peculiarities of using certain types of specialized knowledge to investigate terrorism-related crimes. The criminalistic recommendations for improving the quality of the use of special knowledge during investigative actions and operational search activities are elaborated. Particular attention is paid to evaluating an expert’s opinion by an investigator. The possibility of increasing forensic expert support in forming the evidence base is determined. It is noted that recently, due to many factors, such a socially dangerous act as terrorism (terrorist act) has occurred quite often in different parts of our planet. Law enforcement agencies work annually to prevent, investigate, and deter terrorist acts. The structure of the investigation methodology contains a standard set of elements: forensic characteristics of a particular type of crime; circumstances to be established; typical investigative situations; methods of collecting evidence and other forensically significant information; use of specialized knowledge; and specifics of crime prevention during their investigation. A specific feature of specialized knowledge in investigating terrorism-related crimes is the appointment and conduct of forensic examinations. The study of investigative and judicial practice shows that many types and genera of forensic examinations have been appointed to investigate this crime category. The most common are forensic linguistics, explosive, trace, fingerprint, handwriting, technical and forensic examinations of documents, ballistics, materials, substances and products, phonoscopic, etc. Nowadays, forensic linguistic examination is of particular importance, during which complex lexical, morphological, semantic, syntactic, stylistic and other analyses of text (language) are carried out to identify signs of extremism in the content of audio, video or printed materials. It is concluded that the study and consideration of the peculiarities of specialized knowledge will improve the development of new forensic and technical forensic support methods for detecting and investigating such a crime as terrorism.
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Salem, K. Alketbi. "A journey into the innovations and expertise of Dubai police and the general department of forensic science and criminology." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 22, no. 2 (2024): 1391–99. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14696132.
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This manuscript offers an in-depth exploration of the Dubai Police and its General Department of Forensic Science and Criminology, emphasizing their critical role in law enforcement through advanced forensic science and innovative practices. Beginning with a historical overview, it traces the evolution of forensic disciplines from Edmond Locard's foundational principles to Sir Alec Jeffreys' groundbreaking DNA profiling techniques. The manuscript details the structure and functions of specialized sections within the department, including Biology and DNA, Forensic Chemistry, Forensic Toxicology, Firearms and Tool Marks, Questioned Documents, Forensic Explosive, Forensic Fire Investigation, Forensic and Mechanical Engineering, and Nuclear Physics. Key achievements, such as the Biology and DNA Section's processing of thousands of cases and the generation of highly discriminating DNA profiles, are highlighted. The manuscript also addresses the department's challenges, including the rapid evolution of technology and the increasing complexity of crimes. Future plans to enhance capabilities through investment in new technologies, international collaboration, and continuous professional development are outlined. By showcasing the department's commitment to innovation, excellence, and public safety, this manuscript underscores the pivotal contributions of the Dubai Police and its forensic department to crime resolution and community safety. The insights provided aim to foster a deeper understanding of the critical role of forensic science in the criminal justice system.
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Gutiérrez, Carlos Jaramillo, Gustavo Farías Roldán, Krešimir Severin, Ubicelio Martin Orozco, Pilar Marín García, and Víctor Toledo González. "Preliminary Considerations for Crime Scene Analysis in Cases of Animals Affected by Homemade Ammonium Nitrate and Aluminum Powder Anti-Personnel Landmines in Colombia: Characteristics and Effects." Animals 12, no. 15 (2022): 1938. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani12151938.
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During the armed conflict in Colombia, homemade improvised antipersonnel landmines were used to neutralize the adversary. Many active artifacts remain buried, causing damage to biodiversity by exploding. The extensive literature describes the effects and injuries caused to humans by conventional landmines. However, there is considerably less information on the behavior and effects of homemade antipersonnel landmines on fauna and good field investigation practices. Our objectives were to describe the characteristics of a controlled explosion of a homemade antipersonnel landmine (using ammonium nitrate as an explosive substance), to compare the effectiveness of some evidence search patterns used in forensic investigation, and to determine the effects on a piece of an animal carcass. The explosion generated a shock wave and an exothermic reaction, generating physical effects on the ground and surrounding structures near the point of explosion. The amputation of the foot in direct contact with the device during the explosion and multiple fractures were the main effects on the animal carcass. Finally, it was determined that finding evidence was more effective in a smaller search area. Many factors can influence the results, which must be weighed when interpreting the results, as discussed in this manuscript.
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Bhandari, Sandeepak, and Vacius Jusas. "An Ontology Based on the Timeline of Log2timeline and Psort Using Abstraction Approach in Digital Forensics." Symmetry 12, no. 4 (2020): 642. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym12040642.
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Digital forensics practitioners encounter numerous new terminologies during time-intensive digital investigation processes because of the explosive growth of the web, an immense amount of data, and rapid changes in technology. In such a scenario, the time needed to find and interpret the cause of the potential digital incident can be affected by the complexity involved in understanding the meaning of newly encountered terminologies. Although various approaches have been designed to assist digital practitioners in understanding the newly encountered terminologies during the investigation of the accident, none of them is capable of supporting investigators to interpret new terminologies. Our work focuses on reconstructing and analyzing the timeline of events and artifacts backed by the abstraction concept to help practitioners in reasoning about the perceived meaning of different digital forensics terminologies that are encountered during the investigation. This paper introduces an ontological approach based on the abstraction concept to reconstruct the timeline provided by command-based digital forensic tools, i.e., Log2timeline and Psort in the L2TCSV format, and assist in resolving the meaning of new encountered concepts. The performed experiments show that the novel methodology is capable of enhancing the timeline and assisting practitioners in determining the significance of encountered terminologies or concepts.
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Junaid, Mohammad, Jai Prakash Tewari, Rajeev Kumar, and Abhishek Vaish. "Proposed Methodology for Smart Phone Forensic Tool." Asian Journal of Computer Science and Technology 4, no. 2 (2015): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.51983/ajcst-2015.4.2.1758.
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It has been found that no such tool is available that uniformly support image acquisition, analysis and recovery from different mart phone (regardless of their make, model, OS and its version). Research aim is to understand smart phone forensic tools feature, imitation, usability and proposing the generic methodology for smart phone forensic tool. Explosive development of smart phone, variety of OS, its version adds the complexity to tool developer and forensic professional as well. It’s nightmare for digital forensic professional to get expertise on different available forensic tools. The factor shows the urgent need of a standard /generic methodology for smart phone forensic tool. This will help to resolve the interoperability and limitation found on different tools on phone to phone, case to case basis. The Proposed methodology will reduce the total time required for investigation by professional, reduce the tool ownership cost, and improve the professional expertise by just focusing on few tools.
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Salem K. Alketbi. "A journey into the innovations and expertise of Dubai police and the general department of forensic science and criminology." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 22, no. 2 (2024): 1391–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2024.22.2.1558.
Full textAbstract:
This manuscript offers an in-depth exploration of the Dubai Police and its General Department of Forensic Science and Criminology, emphasizing their critical role in law enforcement through advanced forensic science and innovative practices. Beginning with a historical overview, it traces the evolution of forensic disciplines from Edmond Locard's foundational principles to Sir Alec Jeffreys' groundbreaking DNA profiling techniques. The manuscript details the structure and functions of specialized sections within the department, including Biology and DNA, Forensic Chemistry, Forensic Toxicology, Firearms and Tool Marks, Questioned Documents, Forensic Explosive, Forensic Fire Investigation, Forensic and Mechanical Engineering, and Nuclear Physics. Key achievements, such as the Biology and DNA Section's processing of thousands of cases and the generation of highly discriminating DNA profiles, are highlighted. The manuscript also addresses the department's challenges, including the rapid evolution of technology and the increasing complexity of crimes. Future plans to enhance capabilities through investment in new technologies, international collaboration, and continuous professional development are outlined. By showcasing the department's commitment to innovation, excellence, and public safety, this manuscript underscores the pivotal contributions of the Dubai Police and its forensic department to crime resolution and community safety. The insights provided aim to foster a deeper understanding of the critical role of forensic science in the criminal justice system.
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Medentsov, Andrey, Ekaterina Azarova, and Vitaly Ruchkin. "View of Corpse Found at the Explosion Scene." Legal Concept, no. 2 (July 2020): 77–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/lc.jvolsu.2020.2.11.
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Introduction: in the modern world, the level of international terrorism is constantly growing, with an increasing tendency for terrorists to use an impressive arsenal of weapons of destruction, which creates a real threat to the world community, for all countries without exception. The use of various types of explosive devices in public places – streets, railway stations, and trains – is directed by terrorists to intimidate the population and create a serious threat to stability and security in society. Therefore, at the present stage, it is important to apply all previously developed methods and techniques, as well as to use new recommendations in order to improve the logistics of the law enforcement agencies. The involvement of specialists in conducting such an important investigative action as the inspection of the accident scene will contribute to an objective perception, a full study of the scene, the detection, recording and removal of various traces and other physical evidence in order to clarify the nature of the event. The purpose of the study: to determine the methods available to the investigator, providing the maximum possible information for further investigation of the crime. The objectives of the study: to describe the principles of modern tactics of conducting the accident scene observation; to clarify requirements and review the specifics of the inspection report of the explosion scene; to develop recommendations on the examination and recovery of the objects. Methods: the methodological framework is based on the methods of historicism, systematization, and comparative law. Results: the proposals were made to improve the interaction of the investigator with the forensic expert involved in the scene examination. Conclusions: as a result of the study, it is revealed that when the forensic examination of corpses or their fragments discovered at the accident scene when an explosive device was used, an approximate list of questions for the forensic expert is formed for the investigators. It is established that the use of the techniques available to the investigator provides the necessary information for further investigative actions.
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Smirnov, Konstantin, Vladimir Akatyev, and Yulia Amelchenko. "Possibilities of Application of Methods of X-Ray Phase and X-Ray Diffraction Analysis in the Forensic Science." NBI Technologies, no. 3 (December 2021): 35–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/nbit.jvolsu.2021.3.6.
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The paper reflects various aspects of the use of X-ray investigation methods, their advantages and application in forensic science of the phase composition of metals, paint and varnish coatings and paintwork materials, fragments of explosive devices. Practical examples of X-ray diffraction analysis application for thin film specimens made on the basis of paints containing alkyd varnish, pigments, fillers and solvents of various colour range have been examined. Influence of true physical broadening, on lines of diffractograms taken for samples exposed to shock wave action was also studied. It was found that this broadening is directly connected with influence of microstrains and fine dispersion of mosaic structure blocks. Based on the obtained X-ray diffraction analysis data, the dislocation density was calculated by three methods. Based on summarized experimental and literature data, the dependence of microstrains on the explosive weight was plotted, which can be used as a reference standard for comparison in expert studies of samples exposed to shock-wave impact.
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Thivaharan, Yalini, and Indira Deepthi Gamage Kitulwatte. "Medico-Legal Opinion Based on Autopsy Findings of a Victim of an Explosion Involving Mass Fatality." Academic Forensic Pathology 10, no. 3-4 (2020): 158–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1925362120983669.
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Introduction: Investigation into explosions is one of the major areas in forensic medicine and pathology. Medico legal issues associated with these deaths are diverse and forensic experts are often expected to make clarifications. Assistance of a methodical scientific investigation of such a death in evaluation of unanswered medico legal issues, of an autopsy of one of the victims of Easter Sunday explosions is discussed. Case history: The deceased was a 15-year-old girl who was participating in the Easter mass at St. Sebastian’s Church - Kattuwapaitya, Negombo, Sri Lanka when a suicide bomber blew himself up. The mother of the deceased noticed the deceased being rushed to the hospital. However, she was pronounced dead on admission. Pre-autopsy radiology revealed spherical shrapnel in the temporal region. At autopsy, the fatal injury was found on the head and a detailed study revealed skull fractures associated with penetration by 3 shrapnels. There was a keyhole lesion among the penetrations. Internal examination revealed an extensive dural tear underlying the compound fracture. The brain was grossly edematous with lacerations on the frontal and parietal lobes associated with localized subarachnoid hemorrhage. There were multiple underlying contusions on bilateral frontal white matter. Small subarachnoid haemorrhage was noted on the basal aspect of the brain. Discussion: Careful evaluation of the autopsy findings assisted in formulating the opinion scientifically on event reconstruction including the proximity of the victim to the epicenter of explosion and nature of explosive device, period of survival, mechanism of causation of skull fractures and the mechanism of death in addition to the cause of death. Conclusion: A forensic pathologist following a meticulous autopsy examination, along with a team of ballistic experts and specially trained police personnel play a pivotal task in analyzing a scene of explosion and an autopsy of a victim, in concluding the case and in bringing justice to all the victims and survivors of the catastrophe.
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Verbovskaia, Evgeniia. "Investigation of the Causes of Fires in Multifunctional Buildings as an Element of Forensic Prevention." Baikal Research Journal 15, no. 2 (2024): 488–95. https://doi.org/10.17150/2411-6262.2024.15(2).488-495.
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The study analyzes the main causes of fires in multifunctional buildings and structures, determines the circumstances affecting the level of fire safety at the facilities under consideration. The article contains an analysis of specific cases and causes of fires in multifunctional buildings and structures, which allowed the author to draw attention to the most frequent violations that caused a fire, such as: electrical wiring fault, negligence of persons directly operating individual premises in MFBS, use of faulty equipment, explosion of combustible substances, improper installation of electrical and heating equipment, leakage of explosive substances, etc. The author paid special attention to the need to exercise control over the operation of the power grid, formulated factors that make it difficult to find and eliminate faults in the operation of electrical equipment, to identify defects in the power grid. It is important to note that fires can be the result of a combination of several factors, and therefore it is necessary to analyze and study the causes of fires at the facilities under consideration, which will make it possible to formulate specific measures to increase the level of fire safety of the MFBS. Violations of fire safety rules in MFBS are currently becoming an increasingly acute and urgent problem, which is confirmed by the growth of statistical data in this area. This is due to the lack of an integrated approach to eliminating the causes and conditions that contribute to the development of these violations, including insufficient measures of forensic prevention of these illegal acts. The study showed that there is an acute issue of taking measures to improve the efficiency of the fire safety system in MFBSs, including improving evacuation routes, introducing fire prevention and extinguishing systems, training personnel and visitors, etc. The author drew attention to the fact that the development and implementation of fire safety measures, strict observance of construction and fire safety standards during the construction and operation of MFBSs, regular inspections and training of citizens in fire safety rules can help prevent fires and minimize damage.
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Kovalov, Yu Yu. "The state of scientific research on the use of specialist knowledge in smuggling investigations." Bulletin of Kharkiv National University of Internal Affairs 108, no. 1 (Part 1) (2025): 305–16. https://doi.org/10.32631/v.2025.1.25.
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The article substantiates that smuggling as a socially dangerous phenomenon has existed since the inception of the first state formations. Its emergence was facilitated by the desire to avoid paying customs duties and moving goods beyond the control of state authorities. It is established that in order to counteract smuggling, appropriate legal measures were introduced in different historical periods. It is emphasised that today the criminal offences related to smuggling include smuggling of cultural property, poisonous, potent, explosive substances, radioactive materials, weapons or ammunition (except for smooth-bore hunting weapons or ammunition), parts of rifled firearms, and special technical means of covertly obtaining information; smuggling of timber and valuable tree species; smuggling of goods (except for excisable goods and electricity); smuggling of excisable goods; smuggling of narcotic drugs, psychotropic substances, their analogues or precursors or counterfeit medicines. It is determined that in the modern period of development of the legal framework for combating crime and the scientific basis of such activities, which began in the early 2000s, attention has been repeatedly paid to the issues of ensuring effective investigation of criminal offences related to smuggling. It is established that some of the studies conducted still do not comply with the current doctrines of criminal law and criminal procedure, and some contain only descriptive recommendations on the typical types of forensic examinations conducted during the investigation. It is stated that the current level of forensic support for the use of special knowledge, technical and forensic support for the investigation of criminal offences related to smuggling is insufficient, and scientific research within the scope of this subject needs to be intensified.
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Lock, Claire M., and Wolfram Meier-Augenstein. "Investigation of isotopic linkage between precursor and product in the synthesis of a high explosive." Forensic Science International 179, no. 2-3 (2008): 157–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.forsciint.2008.05.015.
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van Damme, Irene M., Pol Mestres-Fitó, Henk-Jan Ramaker, et al. "Rapid and On-Scene Chemical Identification of Intact Explosives with Portable Near-Infrared Spectroscopy and Multivariate Data Analysis." Sensors 23, no. 8 (2023): 3804. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23083804.
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There is an ongoing forensic and security need for rapid, on-scene, easy-to-use, non-invasive chemical identification of intact energetic materials at pre-explosion crime scenes. Recent technological advances in instrument miniaturization, wireless transfer and cloud storage of digital data, and multivariate data analysis have created new and very promising options for the use of near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy in forensic science. This study shows that in addition to drugs of abuse, portable NIR spectroscopy with multivariate data analysis also offers excellent opportunities to identify intact energetic materials and mixtures. NIR is able to characterize a broad range of chemicals of interest in forensic explosive investigations, covering both organic and inorganic compounds. NIR characterization of actual forensic casework samples convincingly shows that this technique can handle the chemical diversity encountered in forensic explosive investigations. The detailed chemical information contained in the 1350–2550 nm NIR reflectance spectrum allows for correct compound identification within a given class of energetic materials, including nitro-aromatics, nitro-amines, nitrate esters, and peroxides. In addition, the detailed characterization of mixtures of energetic materials, such as plastic formulations containing PETN (pentaerythritol tetranitrate) and RDX (trinitro triazinane), is feasible. The results presented illustrate that the NIR spectra of energetic compounds and mixtures are sufficiently selective to prevent false-positive results for a broad range of food-related products, household chemicals, raw materials used for the production of home-made explosives, drugs of abuse, and products that are sometimes used to create hoax improvised explosive devices. However, for frequently encountered pyrotechnic mixtures, such as black powder, flash powder, and smokeless powder, and some basic inorganic raw materials, the application of NIR spectroscopy remains challenging. Another challenge is presented by casework samples of contaminated, aged, and degraded energetic materials or poor-quality HMEs (home-made explosives), for which the spectral signature deviates significantly from the reference spectra, potentially leading to false-negative outcomes.
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Harnytska, A. O., and M. V. Sokolovskyi. "Specific aspects of evidence collection during the pre-trial investigation of terrorist criminal offenses." Analytical and Comparative Jurisprudence, no. 2 (April 28, 2025): 1071–75. https://doi.org/10.24144/2788-6018.2025.02.159.
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This article focuses on examining the pressing challenges in countering terrorist criminal offenses in Ukraine, shedding light on the complex issues related to interagency cooperation and the evidentiary process. Particular emphasis is placed on analyzing the legal and organizational frameworks for combating terrorism, particularly the role of the Security Service of Ukraine (SSU) as a pivotal entity in countering terrorist threats. In the context of contemporary geopolitical challenges, including hybrid warfare and the intensified activities of radical groups, the effectiveness of counter-terrorism measures assumes paramount importance. The article delves into the systemic problems encountered during the pre-trial investigation of terrorist acts. These include the divergence between operational objectives and the exigencies of pre-trial investigations, often leading to insufficient evidence collection. Additionally, the study analyzes the problem of inadequate communication between operational units and investigative-operational teams, which hinders the timely exchange of information and the procedural consolidation of evidence. The prioritization of operational tasks over procedural requirements, resulting in the loss of crucial evidence and impeding the formation of indictments, is also critically examined. The research incorporates an analysis of international standards and practices in counter-terrorism, identifying potential avenues for enhancing the national system. Furthermore, the article dedicates significant attention to the specifics of evidentiary procedures in cases involving terrorist acts, particularly those involving the use of explosive devices. It explores issues of interagency collaboration, the involvement of specialized experts, and the protocols for neutralizing and disposing of explosive devices. The intricacies of conducting investigative actions and forensic examinations necessary for evidentiary purposes are analyzed. Special emphasis is placed on ensuring the proper documentation of evidence and adherence to procedural norms during special operations. To address the identified challenges, the article proposes optimizing coordination between the SSU and other law enforcement and state agencies, improving interagency cooperation and evidence collection protocols, and enhancing Ukraine’s counter-terrorism framework in light of current geopolitical realities and the specific characteristics of terrorist criminal offenses. The development of clear interaction algorithms between operational and investigative units, as well as the implementation of advanced technologies for evidence collection and analysis, are recommended.
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Felizzato, Giorgio, Martin Sabo, Matej Petrìk, and Francesco Saverio Romolo. "Laser Desorption-Ion Mobility Spectrometry of Explosives for Forensic and Security Applications." Molecules 30, no. 1 (2025): 138. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules30010138.
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Background: The detection of explosives in crime scene investigations is critical for forensic science. This study explores the application of laser desorption (LD) ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) as a novel method for this purpose utilising a new IMS prototype developed by MaSaTECH. Methods: The LD sampling technique employs a laser diode module to vaporise explosive traces on surfaces, allowing immediate analysis by IMS without sample preparation. Chemometric approaches, including multivariate data analysis, were utilised for data processing and interpretation, including pre-processing of raw IMS plasmagrams and various pattern recognition techniques, such as linear discriminant analysis (LDA) and support vector machines (SVMs). Results: The IMS prototype was validated through experiments with pure explosives (TNT, RDX, PETN) and explosive products (SEMTEX 1A, C4) on different materials. The study found that the pre-processing method significantly impacts classification accuracy, with the PCA-LDA model demonstrating the best performance for real-world applications. Conclusions: The LD-IMS prototype, coupled with effective chemometric techniques, presents a promising methodology for the detection of explosives in forensic investigations, enhancing the reliability of field applications.
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Yakovlev, O., B. Lukianchykov, O. Svirin, and O. Mykytenko. "FOREIGN NEWS IN THE FIELD OF CRIMINALISTIC TECHNOLOGY." Criminalistics and Forensics, no. 65 (May 18, 2020): 361–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.33994/kndise.2020.65.35.
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After the Revolution of dignity and the reform of the National Police, the number of criminal offenses committed in our country unfortunately remains at a high level. This is confirmed by the statistics provided on the website of the Office of the Prosecutor General of Ukraine. Therefore, the total number of all registered criminal offenses in Ukraine amounted to 565 182 in 2015, 592 604 in 2016, 523 911 in 2017, 483 133 in 2018, 444 130 in 2019. At present, one of the priority areas of the law enforcement bodies of our state is the investigation of criminal offenses against participants in the Revolution of Dignity, as well as crimes committed in the areas of environmental protection, which is emphasized by the country’s leadership and the directed expectations of ordinary citizens. During the commission of grave and especially grave criminal offenses, law enforcement officers confiscate a variety of material evidence, among which quite often there are used cartridges, bullets, remnants of explosive devices, burned cars, etc. heating (for example, sleeves after a shot). That is why, more and more often, there is a need for constant updating of modern forensic technology and methods for its use and the introduction of the positive experience of law enforcement agencies of foreign countries in the investigation of crimes and subsequent work with material evidence in the framework of forensic examinations. The seizure of such material evidence as fingerprints or biological fluids of the offender’s personality are the most significant evidence in court, subject to the positive conclusions of the examinations carried out on these traces, which will allow to identify the person and prove his involvement in the commission of a criminal offense. The use of forensic technology in the detection and investigation of hidden fingerprints and biological fluids in the investigation of crimes is the subject of the work of such domestic and foreign scientists as V. P. Bakhin, R. S. Belkin, P. D. Bilenchuk, M. S. Bokarius, V. G. Goncharenko, I. V. Mountains, A.V. Ishchenko, E. P. Ishchenko, V. A. Kolesnyk, V. K. Lysychenko, M. M. Lysova, E. D. Lukianchykov, A. V. Oderii, O. A. Parfylo, M. A. Pohoretskyi, M. V. Saltevskyi, T. A. Sedovoi, V. S. Kuzmicheva, M. Ya. Sehai, V. V. Tyshchenko, V. Yu. Shepitko, N. E. Shumylo, M. G. Shcherbakovskyi and other scientists.
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Hubenko, I. V. "Fire-technical expertise during the investigation of the destruction or damage of flora objects." Uzhhorod National University Herald. Series: Law 3, no. 88 (2025): 236–41. https://doi.org/10.24144/2307-3322.2025.88.3.35.
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The article examines the features of the appointment of a forensic fire-technical examination in criminal proceedings under Article 245 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine. Based on the analysis of reporting documents and statistical information, a trend of deterioration in the state of pre-trial investigation of the destruction or damage to objects of the plant world, identification of guilty persons, referral of cases with indictments to court was revealed. The importance of forensic examination in the system of evidence in criminal proceedings, in particular, initiated under Article 245 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine, is emphasized. The main examination in this category of cases is a fire-technical examination, which allows to establish the cause of the vegetation fire, the source of the fire, signs indicating arson. Methods of conducting a fire-technical examination depending on the circumstances of the criminal offense committed are considered. A list of objects that the investigator must collect and send for fire-technical examination during the investigation of the intentional destruction or damage of objects of the plant world is identified. A list of issues that are resolved by fire-technical examination in criminal proceedings is disclosed. Among them, diagnostic issues that are clarified during the examination in the case of destruction or damage to objects of the plant world are grouped by type. Issues that are resolved by fire-technical examination during the investigation of a criminal offense provided for in Article 245 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine are systematized into types: those related to establishing the source of the fire, its causes; aimed at verifying the testimonies of witnesses, victims, suspects; regarding the assessment of the state of fire safety in a certain area; diagnostics of the combustible environment, the interaction of objects with the combustible environment and the dynamics of the fire; issues related to the occurrence of fires from the action of ammunition, rocket-bomb weapons, unmanned aerial vehicles and other explosive warheads; related to cause-and-effect relationships, time parameters and sequence of fire factors.
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Kravchuk, P. Yu, and Ya R. Potapov. "Features of the forensic characteristics of sabotage." Analytical and Comparative Jurisprudence, no. 1 (March 20, 2024): 589–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.24144/2788-6018.2024.01.103.
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The article states that forensic characteristics are the main component of the investigation methodology of any criminal offense and those related to the commission of sabotage are no exception. That is why the author includes the following elements of the forensic characteristics of sabotage: 1) the subject of criminal encroachment; 2) methods of committing a criminal offense; 3) instruments of crime; 4) place and time of the crime; 5) typical traces.Having analyzed the current Criminal Code of Ukraine, it was concluded that the subject of sabotage can be: 1) people - during actions aimed at their mass destruction, causing bodily harm or other harm to their health, as well as mass poisoning or the spread of epidemics; 2) objects that are important for the national economy or defense - during sabotage in the form of explosions, arson or other actions aimed at destroying or damaging such objects; 3) objects of radioactive contamination (territory or others) - during actions aimed at such contamination; 4) animals and plants - during actions aimed at the spread of epizootics or epiphytotics.It is claimed that the method of committing a criminal offense indicates how, in what way a person commits a socially dangerous act, what techniques, methods and means he uses for this. The method of committing a crime is primarily characteristic of a criminal act as an active, voluntary, socially dangerous behavior of a person.Of course, the methods of committing criminal offenses are repeated, because the criminal acts in similar conditions, he has social and psychological typical features, uses certain tools and means of crime.In addition, it was established that sabotage tools can be: various types of explosive devices and substances; incendiary mixtures; firearms or cold weapons; radioactive substances, objects or particles; poisonous substances, etc.As for the place of commission of the crime as a key element of the forensic characteristics of sabotage, it can include: 1) places of gathering (staying) of people; 2) objects that have important economic significance; 3) objects of defense significance; 4) the territory of spread of a contagious animal disease; 5) the territory of spread of infectious plant disease.
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И.В., Рыжков,. "Non-procedural forms of expert prevention." Digest of research works "Criminalistics: yesterday, today, tomorrow", no. 4(24) (December 27, 2022): 152–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.55001/2587-9820.2022.15.85.019.
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Предметы и вещества, представленные в натурном виде, выступают формой ведения отдельных экспертно-криминалистических учетов (например, учета самодельных взрывных устройств) и справочно-информационных фондов (например, баллистических фондов, коллекций материалов письма и т.д.), что обусловливается высокой наглядностью, содержащейся в них криминалистически значимой информации, а также широким спектром возможностей практического применения данных объектов. Кроме того, натурные коллекции, организованные на базе экспертно-криминалистических подразделений, являются неотъемлемым элементом информационного обеспечения процесса выявления, раскрытия и расследования преступлений. В статье рассмотрены потенциальные пути развития экспертно-криминалистической деятельности в части проведения исследований натурных предметов и веществ с целью решения вопросов профилактического характера, а также предложены изменения в действующую нормативную правовую базу, направленные на регламентирование формы и содержания результатов, полученных при производстве указанных исследований. Objects and substances presented in kind act as a form of maintenance of separate expert-forensic records (for example, records of improvised explosive devices) and reference and information collections (for example, ballistic collections, collections of writing materials, etc.), which is caused by high visibility of the forensically significant information contained in them, as well as a wide range of practical application of these objects. In addition, full-scale collections organized on the basis of expert and forensic units are an integral element of information support of the process of detection, disclosure and investigation of crimes. In this regard, the article considers potential ways of development of expert-forensic activity in part of carrying out researches of natural objects and substances in order to solve problems of preventive nature, and also suggests changes in the current normative legal framework aimed at regulating the form and content of the results received during the mentioned researches.
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Asif Ibrahim and Syed Khurram Hassan. "The Role of Analytical Techniques in Crime Investigation." International Journal for Electronic Crime Investigation 6, no. 4 (2022): 51–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.54692/ijeci.2022.0604123.
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Forensic science is becoming a growing discipline in crime scene investigation. The field of rhetorical science has recently undergone an intriguing evolution and significantly raised its public visibility. Advances in science and technology, increased dependence on law enforcement and court systems science, and media exposure have all contributed to the importance of forensics. Several completely unrelated fields have been associated with the name "forensics". Among the topics that commonly make headlines are acts of terrorism, a rise in gun ownership, drug misuse, and driving while under the influence of narcotics. The forensic scientist must rely on chemical analysis of trace amounts of materials such as drugs, explosives, discharge residues, toxicological specimens, paints, glass, fibers, soil, etc. to establish or rule out links between suspect and victim and scene in the absence of fingermarks and of material that could lead to the recovery of DNA. This instructional overview outlines the analytical issues that forensic chemists must deal with, as well as the current approaches and strategies used to solve them.
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Seema, Bagchi (Chattaraj), Chakrabortty Ashutosh, K. Kuila D., and Chandra Lahiri Sujit. "Comparison of the composition profiles of the low explosives in India from forensic exhibits and a brief discussion on preventive forensic techniques." Journal of Indian Chemical Society 93, Jul 2016 (2016): 889–906. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5639449.
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Central Forensic Science Laboratory, Government of India, 30, Gorachand Road, Kolkata-700 014, India E-mail : bagchiseema@gmail.com, sujitclahiri@yahoo.com Fax : 91-33-22849442 Geological Survey of India, Government of India, Kolkata-700 069, India <em>E-mail</em> : cashu@rediffmail.com Chemical Examination Laboratory, Excise Department, Government of West Bengal, Kolkata-700 046, India <em>E-mail</em> : kuiladk@rediffmail.com More than 1650 pre blast and post blast exhibits were analyzed using routine analytical procedures supplemented by advanced analytical techniques like Ion-Chromatography (IC) (mainly), Scanning Electron Microscope with Energy Dispersive X-ray Analyzer (SEM-EDXA), Fourier Transforms Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (AAS) (for a number of samples) for inorganic constituents and High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC), Gas Chromatograph-Mass Spectrometer (GC-MS), UV-Visible Spectrophotometer, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscope (FTIR), Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spetrometry (LC/MS/MS) for organic constituents. Results of the investigations suggested that high explosives like nitroglycerine, di and tri nitrotoluene (DNT and TNT), tetryl, cyclonite (RDX), pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN) were rarely used except in mortars and detonators. Common easily available unrestricted chemicals like potassium nitrate/ chlorate (KNO<sub>3</sub>/KClO<sub>3</sub>), arsenic sulphide (As<sub>2</sub>S<sub>3</sub>), sulphur, aluminium powder of different mesh size and sodium, calcium, magnesium, barium, strontium (Na<sup>+</sup>, Ca<sup>+</sup>, Mg<sup>+</sup>, Ba<sup>+</sup>, Sr<sup>+</sup>) nitrate with varying compositions along with splinters were used. But there were perceptible changes in the modus operandi of the terrorists. There had been a spurt in the use of different types of ammonium nitrate (AN) based explosives like AN, AN+Al, ANFO (ammonium nitrate and fuel oil/ diesel/kerosene), AN+wax, AN based gel/emulsion/slurry explosives with other ingredients. Urea nitrate was also obtained. The article contains a brief description of works on AN+wax, AN based emulsion and uranium nitrate based explosives sent to CFSL and examined in the laboratory of CFSL. Aspects relating to ascertain the trace of the origin of the explosives by determining the ‘isotopic signature’ of the elements (C, N, O, H) in the explosives and biomarker fingerprinting of the petroleum products in the explosives were discussed. Figures relating to the quantitative estimation of the compounds of the explosives and some experimental figures related to the validation of the experimental findings have been incorporated. However, in view of increased terrorist activities and development of new arsenals, it is desirable to make on spot examination of explosive residues using high sensitive explosive detection system (EDS) and explosive trace detection (ETD) techniques. Restriction and proper monitoring of the explosive materials and the desirability of undertaking counter terrorism or preventive forensic protocols to limit terrorist activities are needed.
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Taubkin, I. S. "On Improvement of the Quality of Forensic Fire Investigations." Theory and Practice of Forensic Science 14, no. 4 (2020): 98–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.30764//1819-2785-2019-14-4-98-116.
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Circumstances having a significant impact on the quality of the conduct of fire investigations in forensic organizations of various agencies are considered. This mainly follows from the shortcomings of inquest and investigation on this category of cases, inadequate number of verified and recommended for forensic practice methods and computer programs, rare use of existing programs, contradictions of legislative acts regulating fire and explosion safety of different objects, from some experts’ insufficient qualification. Absence of data banks on fires and forensic examinations conducted on them as well as of courts’ decisions is common; there is no experimental base to research the fire risk indicators and physical and chemical properties of substances and materials along with the characteristics of their ignition and combustion considering all the conditions of the fire.It is shown that further development of fire forensics and its effectiveness will largely depend on the progress in addressing the aforementioned shortcomings as well as on the success of the academic pursuits and of undertaking the necessary engineering research.
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Díez-Pascual, Ana M., Daniel Lechuga Cruz, and Alba Lomas Redondo. "Advanced Carbon-Based Polymeric Nanocomposites for Forensic Analysis." Polymers 14, no. 17 (2022): 3598. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14173598.
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Nanotechnology is a powerful tool and fast-growing research area in many novel arenas, ranging from biomedicine to engineering and energy storage. Nanotechnology has great potential to make a significant positive contribution in forensic science, which deals with the identification and investigation of crimes, finding relationships between pieces of evidence and perpetrators. Nano-forensics is related to the development of nanosensors for crime investigations and inspection of terrorist activity by analyzing the presence of illicit drugs, explosives, toxic gases, biological agents, and so forth. In this regard, carbon nanomaterials have huge potential for next-generation nanosensors due to their outstanding properties, including strength combined with flexibility, large specific surface area, high electrical conductivity, and little noise. Moreover, their combination with polymers can provide nanocomposites with novel and enhanced performance owed to synergy between the composite components. This review concisely recapitulates up-to-date advances in the development of polymer composites incorporating carbon-based nanomaterials for forensic science. The properties of the different carbon nanomaterials, several methods used to analyze functional polymeric nanocomposites, and their applications in forensic investigation are discussed. Furthermore, present challenges and forthcoming outlooks on the design of new polymer/carbon nanomaterial composites for crime prevention are highlighted.
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Syed Khurram Hassan and Asif Ibrahim. "The Role of Analytical Techniques in Crime Investigation." International Journal for Electronic Crime Investigation 6, no. 4 (2022): 41–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.54692/ijeci.2022.0604116.
Full textAbstract:
Forensic science is becoming a growing discipline in crime scene investigation. The field of rhetorical science has recently undergone an intriguing evolution and significantly raised its public visibility. Advances in science and technology, increased dependence on law enforcement and court systems science, and media exposure have all contributed to the importance of forensic. Several completely unrelated fields have been associated with the name "forensics". Among the topics that commonly make the headlines are acts of terrorism, a rise in gun ownership, drug misuse, and driving while under the influence of narcotics. The forensic scientist must rely on chemical analysis of trace amounts of materials such as drugs, explosives, discharge residues, toxicological specimens, paints, glass, fibres, soil, etc. to establish or rule out links between suspect and victim and scene in the absence of fingermarks and of material that could lead to the recovery of DNA. This instructional overview outlines the analytical issues that forensic chemists must deal with, as well as the current approaches and strategies used to solve them.
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Sokurenko, Valerii. "Technical and Forensic Support for the Investigation of Violations of Laws and Customs of the War." Theory and Practice of Forensic Science and Criminalistics 31, no. 2 (2023): 11–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.32353/khrife.2.2023.02.
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The paper describes up-to-date issues of investigating the violation of laws and customs of the war that requires the use of forensic techniques. The author aimed (through the formal logical and system-structural methods) to identify the factors that influence the technical and forensic support of the investigation of violations of laws and customs of the war; characterize forensic techniques in accordance with the specific situations of the crimes under study; to provide practical recommendations on the use of types and means of forensic techniques in these situations. It is noted that the technical and forensic support for the investigation of violations of the laws and customs of the war is conditioned by criminal law and forensic aspects. It is substantiated that the inspection of the scene (as an important source of evidence) in the occupied and deoccupied territories has its own peculiarities (due to the danger of the territories where active hostilities are taking place; physical impossibility to carry out investigative (search) actions and/or detain the perpetrators, etc.):, in particular, the technical and forensic means investigating digital traces are of great importance in this case. The author proves the need to provide law enforcement officers with protective equipment and send specialists in the field of explosives engineering, genomic analysis, forensic 3D reconstruction, environmental profiling, etc. to help them during the investigation of violations of the laws and customs of war. The forensic records used for such investigations (in particular, multimodal ones) need to be improved with the latest foreign experience, which will help identify the maximum number of sources of evidence and improve the efficiency and quality of its receipt.
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Bazyar, Hanieh. "On the Application of Microfluidic-Based Technologies in Forensics: A Review." Sensors 23, no. 13 (2023): 5856. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23135856.
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Microfluidic technology is a powerful tool to enable the rapid, accurate, and on-site analysis of forensically relevant evidence on a crime scene. This review paper provides a summary on the application of this technology in various forensic investigation fields spanning from forensic serology and human identification to discriminating and analyzing diverse classes of drugs and explosives. Each aspect is further explained by providing a short summary on general forensic workflow and investigations for body fluid identification as well as through the analysis of drugs and explosives. Microfluidic technology, including fabrication methodologies, materials, and working modules, are touched upon. Finally, the current shortcomings on the implementation of the microfluidic technology in the forensic field are discussed along with the future perspectives.
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Ahmed, Md Dipu, Kazi Madina Maraz, and Saikot Mazumder. "Unveiling molecular secrets: Raman spectroscopy as a versatile tool for advanced analysis and investigation in forensic science and pharmaceuticals." Materials Engineering Research 5, no. 1 (2023): 291–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.25082/mer.2023.01.005.
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The conventional technologies used for identifying, investigating, and analyzing illegal drugs, explosives, and fibers in forensic science often involve destructive methods, preventing re-analysis of evidence. Conversely, a non-destructive approach is crucial for drug characterization, synthesis route development, and identification of counterfeit and adulterated pharmaceuticals. Raman spectroscopy, renowned for its rapid, non-destructive, and cost-effective nature, has emerged as the predominant technique in forensic and pharmaceutical applications. Its inelastic light scattering properties enable drug identification, minimize forensic toxicology and criminalistics, and ensure pharmaceutical product quality. This review explores the analysis of cocaine, RDX, HMX, PETN and TNT in forensic science, where Raman spectroscopy proves invaluable in detecting and quantifying drugs and explosives, deciphering synthesis routes, identifying manufacturing labs, and unveiling trafficking patterns and distribution networks. Additionally, it examines the analysis of acyclovir, ciprofloxacin, and active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) in the pharmaceutical industry, offering insights for quality control, combating counterfeit and adulterated products, and facilitating real-time process monitoring. Despite limitations, recent advances in data analysis techniques position Raman spectroscopy as a versatile and promising tool for sample analysis, investigation, and determination in both forensic science and pharmaceuticals, illuminating the path towards enhanced analytical capabilities in these fields.
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Caddy, Brian. "Explosives investigation." Science & Justice 39, no. 4 (1999): 272. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1355-0306(99)72060-5.
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Elov, Ziyodullo Sattorovich. "FORMS AND RREDMET OF FORENSIC PSYCHOLOGICAL EXAMINATION." Multidisciplinary Journal of Science and Technology 4, no. 3 (2024): 109–13. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10816879.
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The article discusses the development history, current status and prospects of forensic psychological expertise. Information was also provided about the procedure for conducting a forensic psychological examination and its role in various legal processes. There is also a lot of information about the views and opinions of different people on this issue.
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Kuchynska, Iryna. "WORLD EXPERIENCE IN THE USE OF PORTABLE ANALYTICAL EQUIPMENT AT THE CRIME SCENE." Criminalistics and Forensics, no. 67 (August 9, 2022): 427–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.33994/kndise.2022.67.43.
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The current state of development of the production of portable analytical equipment, which is used in the prevention, detection and investigation of crimes carried out outside the laboratory to provide emergency assistance in criminal investigations or for judicial intelligence. It is emphasized that investigations conducted directly at the crime scene are extremely important for the acceleration and efficiency of the pre-trial investigation, prevent delays in sending materials to forensic laboratories, and allow finding the perpetrator until he has destroyed the evidence or not. left the crime scene. An overview of the world’s existing analytical platforms (sensors) is provided, on the basis of which portable equipment is created for convenient, fast, accurate detection of relevant substances during operational (search) actions, prevention and detection of crimes. The experience of using portable analytical equipment by forensic services of foreign countries is analyzed and noted; There is currently a need for analytical techniques that have sufficiently reliable data and conclusions that serve as evidence in court and could be used to work at the crime scene in real-time. The latest technological developments create new opportunities for research outside the laboratory. The benefits of forensic real-time forensic investigations are numerous, and such technologies significantly increase the speed of investigations and the efficiency of the criminal justice system. The issue of covering the peculiarities of technical and forensic support for the investigation of crimes has not yet been properly reflected in the domestic scientific literature. Specific examples of portable systems for on-site analysis were presented, which had high sensitivity and specificity in conducting qualitative and quantitative analysis in the field of public safety, environmental protection and monitoring of production processes. The most common are ion mobility spectrometry, mass spectrometry, and gas chromatography, followed by determination using a sensitive detector. Such portable devices/systems are well established for forensic research on drugs, explosives, unidentified substances, paints, polymers, toners, pen pastes, fibres, beverages, blood tests, gems and minerals, successfully used for DNA identification, blood tests to detect group and rhesus factor. Key words: portable equipment, crime scene, mass spectrometry, spectros- copy, paper sensors, electrochemical sensors.