Academic literature on the topic 'Forensic laboratory'

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Journal articles on the topic "Forensic laboratory"

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Galco, Michael S., and David A. Metzger. "Forensic science laboratory safety." Chemical Health and Safety 7, no. 1 (January 2000): 27–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1074-9098(99)00062-3.

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Jones, Graham R., and Michael A. Peat. "Forensic Toxicology Laboratory Guidelines." Journal of Analytical Toxicology 23, no. 7 (November 1, 1999): 636. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jat/23.7.636.

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Lee, Henry C., and R. E. Gaensslen. "Forensic Science Laboratory/Forensic Science Program Cooperation and Relationships: The View from the Forensic Science Laboratory." Journal of Forensic Sciences 33, no. 4 (July 1, 1988): 12536J. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/jfs12536j.

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Wickenheiser, Ray A. "Reimagining forensic science – The mission of the forensic laboratory." Forensic Science International: Synergy 3 (2021): 100153. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fsisyn.2021.100153.

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Solla, Horacio E. "POSITIVE IDENTIFICATION OF HUMAN REMAINS BY SKULL-PHOTO COMPARISON IN URUGUAY: A REVIEW. Identificación positive de restos humanos por la comparación cráneo-foto en Uruguay: Una revisión." Revista Argentina de Anatomía Clínica 7, no. 1 (March 28, 2016): 52–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.31051/1852.8023.v7.n1.14159.

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El artículo presenta una revisión a través de un estudio cuantitativo de los casos antropológico-forenses ocurridos en Uruguay desde 1950 a 2013 inclusive. Los casos antropológico-forenses han crecido rápida-mente en Uruguay, desde un caso registrado en 1950 hasta 91 casos en 2013. Antes de 1992 cuando se realizaba un hallazgo de restos humanos eran examinados por el médico forense que no contaba con experiencia en éste tipo de casos ni en las técnicas antropológicas forenses. Por lo tanto, en la mayoría de los casos los restos humanos no eran identificados. Como necesidad para resolver ese problema en 1992 se creó el Laboratorio de Antropología Forense en la Morgue Judicial de Montevideo. El artículo estudia un total de 1391 casos antropológico-forenses analizados en la Morgue Judicial desde 1950 hasta 2013 inclusive. El estudio se divide en dos partes: la primera representa 225 casos ocurridos desde 1950 hasta 1991 y la segunda parte representa 1166 casos ocurridos desde 1992 hasta 2013. En cada caso los restos fueron analizados para determinar posible causa de la muerte, sexo, estatura y edad al momento de la muerte. También se analizaron los casos en que se llegó a obtener una identificación positiva. El propósito de este artículo es describir el rol de la antropología Forense en el sistema judicial uruguayo y cómo las técnicas de comparaciones cráneo-fotográficas han sido utilizadas con gran éxito para identificar restos humanos en Uruguay. The article presents a review by a quantitative analysis of the forensic anthropology cases that occurred in Uruguay from 1950 to 2013. Forensic anthropology cases have rapidly increased in Uruguay over the years, from only one case in 1950 to 91 cases in 2013. Before 1992, when human remains were found, they were analyzed by the local medical examiner with lacked experience in these types of cases and in anthropological techniques. Therefore, in the majority of cases, human remains were not identified. By the need to solve these cases in 1992, the Forensic Anthropology Laboratory at the Morgue Judicial of Montevideo was created. This article studied a total of 1391 forensic anthropology cases that were undertaken at the Judicial Morgue of Montevideo between 1950 and 2013. The study is divided into two parts: the first part represents 225 cases occurring from 1950 to 1991, and the second one represents 1166 cases occurring from 1992 to 2013. In each case the remains were analyzed to determine the deceased person sex, stature and age at the time of death. Whether a positive identification was made as a result of forensic anthropology investigation was also analyzed. The purpose of this paper is to describe the place of forensic anthropology in the Uruguayan medico-legal system and to show how skull-photograph comparison techniques were successfully used to identify human remains in Uruguay.
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Weedn, Victor Walter, G. Sue Rogers, and Berch E. Henry. "DNA Testing in the Forensic Laboratory." Laboratory Medicine 29, no. 8 (August 1, 1998): 484–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/labmed/29.8.484.

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Fisher, Barry A. J. "A “Gold Standard” Forensic Laboratory Model." Forensic Science Policy & Management: An International Journal 4, no. 1-2 (January 2, 2013): 3–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19409044.2013.870616.

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Butler, Stacey. "NYPD Police Laboratory Forensic Evidence Management." Forensic Science International: Synergy 1 (August 2019): S6—S7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fsisyn.2019.06.021.

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Dirkmaat, Dennis. "Book review: The Forensic Anthropology Laboratory." American Journal of Physical Anthropology 140, no. 3 (November 2009): 596–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.21093.

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Mittelman, David. "Interview with Daniel Hellwig, Laboratory Director, Intermountain Forensics." Forensic Genomics 1, no. 3 (September 1, 2021): 81–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/forensic.2021.29004.dm.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Forensic laboratory"

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Wichers, Ansie. "Firearm fatalities examined at Salt River Medico-Legal Laboratory in 2009 and their investigative outcome by 2014." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/21373.

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South Africa has a very long history of gun violence, particularly politically motivated. The politically motivated gun violence did subside after 1994, however there was an increase in criminal gun violence. In 2004 Dr Liebenberg from the University of Cape Town conducted a study on the victimology and investigative outcomes of firearm deaths of 1999 in the Salt River Medico - Legal Laboratory drainage area. There were some compelling results, including a remarkably low conviction rate of 7.21%. In 2000 new legislation was enacted, which is the Firearms Control Act (1) of 2000 and from 2001 to 2005 there was a 13.6% decrease in firearm homicides which was consistent after the introduction of the new act, likely due to the decrease in the number of firearms in circulation. Because of the changes in firearm legislation and reported crime rates, it was decided to conduct a follow - up study one decade later, looking at the investigative outcomes of firearm deaths to see whether the decreased contribution of firearms in homicides and crime made an impact on the investigative and judicial process of the Salt River Medico - Legal Laboratory cases. In 2009 there were 281 firearm deaths investigated at Salt River Medico - Legal Laboratory as opposed to 532 in 1999. In 1999, 89.29% of firearm deaths were due to homicide as opposed to 86.12% in 2009. In 1999 the majority of firearm homicide victims were Black and Coloured males between the ages of 21 and 30 years, this is similar to what is seen in 2009, however there were fewer Coloured victims in 2009. In both years homicides occurred more often on weekends, at night time. In 1999 there were peaks in May and then from October through to December. In 2009 however, the peaks were in March, May and August. One might thin k that with such a large decrease in the number of firearm deaths (not considering other crime trends), the criminal justice system might have fewer cases to investigate and prosecute and that the investigative outcomes (particularly conviction rate) of th ese cases might improve. Even though there was a significant drop in the number of firearm deaths in 2009, there has been no improvement in the conviction rate, with 2009 having a rate of 5.69%. The number of cases still being investigated was also similar at 104 cases (37.01%) for 2009 versus 182 cases (34.54%) for 1999. In 2009 only 58 (20.64%) cases completed the judicial process by 2014, which includes the 16 cases (5.69%) that ended in a guilty verdict, 18 (6.41%) cases where a suspect was acquitted (not guilty) and also 24 (8.54%) cases that were withdrawn in court. Of the 281 cases for 2009, 10 (3.56%) were still in court, which was significantly less than the 59 (11.20%) cases in 1999. From 2009 there were 87 cases that reached an impasse (30.96%) by 2014, as opposed to the 114 (21.63%) cases from 1999 by 2004, which is a statistically significant difference.
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Adams, Deidré Ilana. "The development of appropriate methods for drug analysis at the Forensic Chemistry Laboratory, Cape Town." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/6294.

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The Forensic Chemistry Laboratory, Cape Town, analyses samples submitted by forensic pathologists in order to assist with determining the cause of death in cases of unnatural death. Many of these samples test positive for the presence of drugs and other toxic substances. Because of resource constraints, pathologists submit samples at their discretion and not on a routine basis. In this study, forensic and chemical aspects were combined and used as the motivation for the development of an improved extraction procedure for systematic toxicological analysis. The scope of the study was therefore twofold. Firstly, a study was undertaken of unnatural deaths in the greater Cape Town area for which samples would not normally have been submitted.
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Travaly, Sarah Elizabeth. "Laboratory Detection Limits of Potential Human Decomposition Products Under a Variety of Soil Conditions." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1469541371.

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Giova, Giuliano. "Weblabs na investigação forense de sistemas eletrônicos digitais." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3142/tde-02052011-123348/.

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Sistemas digitais tornaram-se onipresentes, há cerca de um bilhão de computadores conectados à Internet, e essenciais às atividades humanas. Em consequência, aumentam os casos judiciais cuja solução depende do exame forense de dispositivos eletrônicos. A investigação de ilícitos é quase sempre presencial: oficiais de justiça e peritos coletam computadores suspeitos e os conduzem para laboratórios especializados mantidos pelo Estado (Institutos de Criminalística), por universidades ou pelos próprios peritos judiciais. Funcionários públicos ou especialistas nomeados pelos Juízes e, quando admissíveis, representantes dos autores e réus, conduzem exames técnicos segundo métodos e ferramentas forenses. O resultado é submetido ao Magistrado na forma de um laudo pericial cuja qualidade tem severa repercussão social por ser elemento de convencimento, decisão e julgamento nos processos judiciais. Essa qualidade é ameaçada pela demanda superior aos recursos disponíveis e pela crescente complexidade. Poucos centros de estudo reúnem recursos e competência apropriados ao desafio, além de quase sempre estarem distantes dos seus principais usuários: milhares de fóruns e delegacias espalhados pelo país. Impõe-se, portanto, que os meios acadêmicos lancem mão das mais recentes descobertas científicas para trazer inovações compatíveis com as novas demandas sociais. Uma das mais promissoras tecnologias nesse sentido é o laboratório acessível remotamente via internet, denominado WebLab, no Brasil alvo do projeto KyaTera, coordenado pela Fapesp. A presente dissertação explora e contextualiza esses temas e faz análise preliminar sobre uma alternativa que poderia, dependendo de estudos complementares futuros, proporcionar aos operadores do Direito, como juízes, peritos oficiais e assistentes técnicos das partes, acesso remoto a laboratórios especializados no exame de sistemas eletrônicos digitais e à sociedade uma ferramenta para tornar mais confiáveis os procedimentos periciais forenses.
Digital systems have become ubiquitous, there are nearly a billion computers connected to Internet, and essential for human activities. This leads to the increase of the number of legal cases whose solution depends on the forensic examination of electronic devices. The investigation of unlawful acts is almost always made on site: bailiffs and experts witness collect suspect computers and take them to specialized laboratories maintained by the governments (criminology institutes), universities or even by expert witnesses. Experts appointed by judges and, if eligible, representatives of the defendants and plaintiffs, conducts technical examinations based on forensic methods and tools. The result of this work is submitted to the Judge as an expert witness report whose quality has severe social repercussions as a matter of conviction and decision in the trial proceedings. This quality is under serious threat due to demand greater than available resources and due to growing complexity. Few centers of study have resources and enough technical skill enough to overcome these challenges, and those centers are often distant from users: thousands of courts and police stations throughout Brazil. It is really necessary the academic community engagement to bring solutions to those new social demands by means of latest scientific findings. One of the most promising technologies in this area is an Internet remotely accessible laboratory, using so called WebLab technology, in Brazil developed mainly by the Fapesp project KyaTera. This dissertation explores and contextualizes these themes and makes a preliminary analysis about an alternative which, depending on future complementary studies, may offer to legal professionals and especially to experts and technical assistants remote access to specialized laboratories for the examination of electronic digital systems, providing a tool to society that makes forensic exams more reliable.
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Zurgani, Emad K. A. "Documentation of the body transformations during the decomposition process : from the crime scene to the laboratory." Thesis, University of Huddersfield, 2018. http://eprints.hud.ac.uk/id/eprint/34690/.

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Forensic science is defined as the application of scientific or technical practices to the recognition, collection, analysis, and interpretation of evidence for criminal and civil law or regulatory issues. A combination of computer science in the field of 3D reconstruction and molecular biology science and techniques were employed in this research aims to document and record a complete picture of the body decomposition process including the changes of the microbiome over the decomposition process. In this thesis, the possibility to reconstruct the crime scene and the decomposition process was investigated. In addition, a 3D model aiming to integrate the biological and thanatological information was generated. The possibility of utilising Autodesk 123D Catch software as a new tool for 3D reconstruction of a crime scene was thoroughly evaluated. First experiments demonstrated that the number of photos required to obtain the best result was specified to be from 20 to 30 photos as a minimum. In addition, significant experiments were performed in different conditions of sizes, locations, and different involved materials. The measurements were obtained from the models using the same software were compared with the real measurements of the tested objects. The result of the correlation between real and estimated measurements showed a very strong agreement ranging from 0.994 to 1.000. With reference to the documentation of the decomposition process, there are different factors, intrinsic and extrinsic, have been reported affecting the decomposition of a carrion/body. These factors mainly interact with the rates of the biological and chemical reaction happening after death. The biological reactions are mainly due to the activity of microorganism and insects. Pigs (Sus scrofa domesticus) were used as a model for human studies and the results obtained have been applied to other mammals without considering the effect of fur on the decomposition process and on the insect and microbial colonisation. In order to investigate this point, rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) with and without fur were used in two sets of experiments at Huddersfield in summer 2014 and in spring 2015. The results obtained in this study showed a similarity of the decomposition stages between animals with and without fur. However, the decomposition process was faster during the summer due to the fast of insect colonisation and activity. In addition, the entomological data collected during the summer and spring experiments were demonstrated that the same taxa nearly were present in both seasons, except Hydrotaea (Diptera, Muscidae), which was presented only in the summer experiment, moreover, only one sample of Lucilia sericata (Calliphoridae) was detected in the spring season. Differences in colonisation time were observed only in spring experiment; animals without fur were colonised two days before animals with fur. The season could have affected the insect’s activity and the spread of the decomposition volatiles. The microbial communities during the decomposition process were investigated using BIOLOG EcoPlateTM and the hypervariable V1-3 region of 16S rRNA gene was used for their molecular identification based on pyrosequencing. Eurofins Genomic Operon using 454-GS Junior pyrosequencing platform (Roche) carried out these analyses. The functional diversity of the bacterial communities on all carcasses samples showed a considerable variability depending on the stage of the decomposition and the sampling region (Oral cavity, skin and interface-sand-carrion) in both seasons. Furthermore, over the molecular analyses of bacterial communities at the phylum level, four main phyla of bacteria were detected among analysed carrion during the decomposition process. These phyla were changed significantly during the stages of the decomposition and between sampling regions. While no difference was observed due to presence or absence of fur. On the other hand, the analysis at the family level was able to highlight differences at the temporal scale but as well as carrion with and without fur. The statistical analysis results showed a significant difference in the bacterial community family distribution among the presence of fur and among the decomposition stages, with significant differences among sampling regions and seasons.
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Naidoo, Jason. "An action research inquiry into outcomes-based education and training in an adult learning environment at the Forensic Science Laboratory." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/17404.

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Thesis (MPhil)--University of Stellenbosch, 2006.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The Forensic Science Laboratory (FSL) is a component of the South African Police Service (SAPS). The Questioned Document Unit (QDU) is a section within the FSL. It has been practice in the QDU to recruit members of the SAPS for training as Questioned Document Examiners within the FSL. Although the SAPS has a policy on education, training and development, it is not applied. Even after the establishment of the South African Qualifications Authority (SAQA) and the National Qualifications Framework (NQF), the QDU and the rest of the FSL continued their training practices at the workplace outside the outcomes-based paradigm. As part of standard practice, the FSL has taken content experts (forensic analysts) and turned them into trainers. These forensic experts had no training qualifications and little or no facilitation skills. Their knowledge of outcomes-based education (OBE) and adult learning was also either inadequate or non-existent. This shortcoming has influenced the quality of learning in this environment. In 2004 the Forensic Science Laboratory began to give some members an opportunity to be trained as trainers, assessors and moderators of learning. However, this has been a disjointed effort. Generally, learners have had to endure a frustrating period of more than four years of internal training before being certified as competent to act as examiners. Before 1994 the QDU employed mostly white personnel as examiners. Most black personnel still occupy the lower salary levels amongst examiners. There are no black trainers. At present (2006) in the FSL, the tendency is that white personnel hold senior positions and black personnel are juniors. There is covert racial tension among the members. In the QDU, the training manager has always been a trainer as well. In the training environment at the QDU there have been obvious problems, namely – 􀂾���������� poor practice of OBE and adult learning; 􀂾���������� relationship problems between trainer and learners; 􀂾���������� distrust and a lack of communication and dialogue between trainer and learners; and 􀂾���������� underlying racial tension. The action research process on which we (the learners, training manager and I) embarked was aimed at – 􀂾���������� opening dialogue/communication between the training manager and learners; 􀂾���������� increasing learner participation in the process; and 􀂾���������� providing the opportunity for both the learners and the training manager to increase their knowledge of adult learning and OBE. We hoped that by making the entire action research process transparent we could create a platform for the learners and the training manager to build relationships in order to bring about an improvement in learning practice. We used an action research process that included participation by both the learners and the training manager. Change occurs within the action component of the action research process, while the research component is meant to generate knowledge. We used a cyclic method that entailed stages of planning, action, observation and reflection. Continuity was achieved by the reflection stage of one cycle informing the planning stage of the next. The action research process used in this setting has supported the existing theory and assumptions that adult learners want to participate, be involved in decision-making, and learn by doing. It has also shown that they are critically aware. The learning practice at the QDU has improved. The action research process that took place at the unit can serve as a powerful case study for trainers who endeavour to improve practice in other environments.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die Forensiesewetenskapslaboratorium (FWL) is 'n komponent van die Suid-Afrikaanse Polisiediens (SAPD), terwyl die Betwistedokumente-Eenheid (BDE) ʼn afdeling binne die FWL is. Sedert die stigting van die BDE was dit algemene praktyk om lede van die SAPD te werf en hulle binne die FWL as eksaminatore van die BDE op te lei. Alhoewel die SAPD ʼn beleid het ten opsigte van onderwys, opleiding en ontwikkeling, word dit nie toegepas nie. Selfs ná die totstandkoming van die Suid-Afrikaanse Kwalifikasieowerheid (SAKO) en die Nasionale Kwalifikasieraamwerk (NKR), het die BDE en die res van die FWL hul werkgebaseerde opleidingspraktyke buite die paradigma van uitkomsgebaseerde onderwys voortgesit. Die FWL het tot dusver forensiese skeikundiges in opleiers omskep. Hulle het geen kwalifikasies in opleiding gehad nie en hul kennis van uitkomsgebaseerde onderwys (UGO) en volwasseneleer, asook hulle fasiliteringsvaardighede, was onvoldoende. In sommige gevalle het dit geheel en al ontbreek. Hierdie tekortkoming het ʼn nadelige invloed op die gehalte van leer gehad. Onlangs (2004) het die FWL begin om sommige polisielede die geleentheid te bied om as opleiers, assessors en moderators van leer opgelei te word, maar hierdie pogings is nog nooit behoorlik gestruktureer nie. Binne die huidige opset is daar leerders wat meer as vier jaar interne opleiding moes ondergaan voor hulle as bevoeg gesertifiseer is om as opleiers op te tree. Die BDE het in die verlede meesal wit personeel in diens geneem as eksaminatore. Die meeste van die swart eksaminatore in die BDE is op die laer salarisvlakke, en daar is geen swart opleiers nie. Tans (2006) is daar hoofsaaklik wit personeel in die seniorposte in die FWL, met die swart personeel meesal in juniorposte. Daar is onderliggende rassespanning onder die lede. In die BDE was die opleidingsbestuurder nog altyd ook ʼn opleier. Die volgende probleme is in die opleidingsomgewing van die BDE geïdentifiseer: 􀂾��������� swak praktyk t.o.v. UGO en volwasseneleer; 􀂾��������� troebel verhoudings tussen die opleier en die leerders; 􀂾��������� wantroue en gebrekkige kommunikasie en dialoog tussen die opleier en die leerders; en 􀂾��������� onderliggende rassespanning. Die aksienavorsingsproses wat ons (ek, die leerders en die opleidingsbestuurder) aangepak het was daarop gemik om – 􀂾��������� dialoog/kommunikasie tussen die opleidingsbestuurder en die leerders te vestig; 􀂾��������� leerderdeelname in die proses te verhoog; en 􀂾��������� vir beide die leerders en die opleidingsbestuurder die geleentheid te bied om hul kennis van volwasseneleer en UGO uit te brei. Deur die hele aksienavorsingsproses deursigtig te maak, het ons gehoop om vir alle rolspelers ʼn geleentheid te skep om verhoudinge te bou ten einde ʼn verbetering in die leerpraktyk teweeg te bring. ʼn Aksienavorsingsproses is aangewend wat deelname deur beide die leerders en die opleidingsbestuurder ingesluit het. In aksienavorsing vind verandering binne die aksiekomponent van die proses plaas, terwyl die navorsingskomponent daarop gemik is om kennis vir die deelnemers – en as deel van die proses self – te genereer. Ons het ʼn sikliese metode gebruik wat beplanning, handeling, waarneming en refleksie behels het. Kontinuïteit is verseker deurdat die refleksiestadium van een siklus die basis gelê het vir die beplanningstadium van die volgende. Die aksienavorsingsproses wat in hierdie opset gebruik is, het die bestaande teorie en aannames ondersteun dat volwasse leerders wil deelneem, dat hulle by besluitneming betrokke wil wees, dat hulle wil leer deur te doen, en dat daar ‘n groter kritiese bewussyn is. Die leerpraktyk aan die BDE het verbeter. Die aksienavorsingsproses aan die BDE kan ʼn betekenisvolle gevallestudie wees vir diegene wat poog om hul praktyk in ander omgewings te verbeter.
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Doak, Stephen W. "The relational tacit dimensions of knowledge used within the explicit standardised processes of professional practice in the Irish Forensic Science Laboratory." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/579.

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The organisational literature explaining tacit knowledge as a whole has remained conceptual and there is now a need to know empirically about the nature of tacit knowledge at the process level where the knowledge worker carries out work. This doctoral research case study empirically examines the tacit dimensions of knowledge that occur between knowledge worker practitioners especially within an explicit environment of codified standardisedo, perating proceduresa nd intranet knowledge databases. In this case the evidence comes from a multi-method approach. The empirical findings are based on a case study of a forensic science community of practice, at the micro-level between knowledge workers, where quantitative social network analysis and qualitative interviewing, ethnographic studies, and document review were carried out. The quantitative picture, using social network analysis was used to give a fixed perspective on the actors sharing tacit knowledge during advice seeking transactions within the communities. An interpretive qualitative approach was used where the intent was to understand the relational dimensions of tacit knowledge being shared between the same actors. Social theories of learning perspectives are used, in particular with the emphasis on communities of practice as a framework, to study structured relational mechanisms that shape tacit knowledge flows. Organisational learning can be seen as a function of relationships between actors within a dynamic environment of social interaction, and matter most when collegiate interactions involve the exchange of tacit knowledge. Within a micro-level case study of a highly technical forensic science expert community, this research emphasizes the relational tacit dimensions of knowledge provided by human social capital surrounding and encircling the standardised organisational production process. Trust, respect, friendship, identity and ii social norms are the kinds of personal relationships people have developed through a history of interactions, which have been discussed in the literature. Answering the call of researchers, for the empirical analysis of knowledge sharing practices using the relational thinking concept, this doctoral case study has found more, including processual, experiential, capability, mentoring, informal, helping, openness/sharing, approachability, respect, proximal, cohort/clique, interpretative and bureaucratic structural relationships, and unique to forensic scientists, an adversarial relationship. Most of the literature within the community of practice teachings describes the performative advantages of such communities but there has been very little discussion on the rich tacitness embodied within the actual processes of how such communities work, especially those within a quality management structure. Eventhough processes are explicit by nature there is still a tacit element attached where a base line of minimum acceptable performance from protocols is supplemented by interactions with colleagues and one's own thought processes. Such concepts are only being discussed at a nascent level in the Quality Management System literature, where the tacit world has not yet diffused into the very explicit world found in qualitative management writings. In looking at the process level, findings are presented with respect to the interplay of the explicit knowledge within standard operating procedures and the practitioners' tacit knowledge requirements needed in actually completing the process. Ultimately these findings will help improve the way process is carried out in a knowledge intensive environment by having insights in how tacit knowledge works, and make conclusions on tacit knowledge within the world of process governed by standard operating procedures.
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Schotsmans, Eline M. J. "The effects of lime on the decomposition of buried human remains. A field and laboratory based study for forensic and archaeological application." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/6302.

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The inclusion of lime in burials is observed in historical and archaeological records, in contemporary mass graves and forensic cases. Clearly there are controversies within the literature and there is a general misconception of the effects of lime on decomposition. Recent casework in Belgium and the UK involving the search for human remains buried with lime, have demonstrated the need for a more detailed understanding of the effect of different types of lime on cadaver decomposition and its micro-environment. Field and laboratory experiments using pigs as human body analogues were undertaken to obtain a better understanding of the taphonomic processes that govern lime burials. The changes observed in the experiments were related back to archaeological parallels in which white residues have been found. The combined results of these studies demonstrate that despite conflicting evidence in the literature, hydrated lime and quicklime both delay the initial stages of the decay process but do not arrest it completely. The end result is ultimately the same: skeletonisation. Furthermore this study stresses the importance of the specific microenvironment in taphonomic research and highlights the need for chemical analysis of white residues when encountered in a burial. Not all white powder is lime. White residue could be identified as calcium carbonate, building material, body decomposition products, minerals or degraded lead. This study has implications for the investigation of clandestine burials and for a better understanding of archaeological plaster burials. Knowledge of the effects of lime on decomposition processes also have bearing on practices involving the disposal of animal carcasses and potentially the management of mass graves and mass disasters by humanitarian organisation and DVI teams.
Arts and Humanities Research Council (AHRC) and the University of Bradford
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Schotsmans, Eline Marie Joseph. "The effects of lime on the decomposition of buried human remains : a field and laboratory based study for forensic and archaeological application." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/6302.

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The inclusion of lime in burials is observed in historical and archaeological records, in contemporary mass graves and forensic cases. Clearly there are controversies within the literature and there is a general misconception of the effects of lime on decomposition. Recent casework in Belgium and the UK involving the search for human remains buried with lime, have demonstrated the need for a more detailed understanding of the effect of different types of lime on cadaver decomposition and its micro-environment. Field and laboratory experiments using pigs as human body analogues were undertaken to obtain a better understanding of the taphonomic processes that govern lime burials. The changes observed in the experiments were related back to archaeological parallels in which white residues have been found. The combined results of these studies demonstrate that despite conflicting evidence in the literature, hydrated lime and quicklime both delay the initial stages of the decay process but do not arrest it completely. The end result is ultimately the same: skeletonisation. Furthermore this study stresses the importance of the specific microenvironment in taphonomic research and highlights the need for chemical analysis of white residues when encountered in a burial. Not all white powder is lime. White residue could be identified as calcium carbonate, building material, body decomposition products, minerals or degraded lead. This study has implications for the investigation of clandestine burials and for a better understanding of archaeological plaster burials. Knowledge of the effects of lime on decomposition processes also have bearing on practices involving the disposal of animal carcasses and potentially the management of mass graves and mass disasters by humanitarian organisation and DVI teams.
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Human, Rene. "An exploratory study into the effects of DNA and protein degradation in a laboratory based model and naturally aged porcine (S scrofa) teeth." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/28795.

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In forensic anthropology, laboratory-based (LBM) and field-based (FM) models can be used to develop new methods and to research the stability and rate at which bio-molecules degrade. In this study, both these methods were used to investigate the effects that temperature, time after death (TAD) and other environmental factors had on the concentration of and change in molecular structure (increase in free pyrrole content, ninhydrin reactive nitrogen (NRN) and iron). of collagen, haemoglobin (Hb) and DNA in porcine teeth For the LBM, porcine teeth were heated at 900C for 0-4 hours, 1 hour intervals, (total number of teeth n=35). A porcine FM was established at the Miertjie Le Roux Experimental Farm of the University of Pretoria. From the decomposing pigs, teeth were collected at TAD intervals of 20 days (n=35). The morphology of the teeth were evaluated and recorded. Methods for collagen and DNA isolation, quantification of protein, collagen, haemoglobin (Hb), free pyrrole content (FPC), ninhydrin reactive nitrogen (NRN), total iron, Fe2+ and Fe3+ as well as a real-time PCR method for the detection of mitochondrial cytb gene in porcine teeth were established. These methods were used to determine the concentration and structural integrity of these molecules in the LBM and FM teeth. The morphology of the LBM teeth was regular with only minor changes in colour with time heated. The collagen and Hb concentration did not change with time. A decrease in total iron (not statistically significant) and Fe3+ (p=0.014; R2=0.74) was found and was associated with an increase in Fe2+ (p=0.014; R2=0.965). No change in free pyrolle content was found. The total protein concentration determined using the Biuret method showed a decrease with time (p=0.009; R2=0.99). For DNA, a linear decrease in concentration (p=0.00; R2=0.93) was found. This DNA could still be used for the successful amplification of the cytb gene. As for DNA a similar decrease in NRN (p=0.00; R2=0.99) was also found whether this is related to protein or DNA degradation is unknown. From this data the total protein, DNA and NRN showed a definite time related change in concentration. For the field model the teeth were brown, cracked, weathered and corroded. As for LBM, there were no time related changes in mass and collagen content. A significant decrease in total protein concentration (p=0.00; R2=0.52) and FPC (p=0.01; R2=0.98) was observed. Hb, FPC and iron levels (total iron, Fe3+ and Fe 2) did not change with time but concentrations FPC and iron were higher than those found in the LBM. Also total protein concentration although it decreases with time was also increased when compared to the LBM (sentence is awkward, re-word). This could be due to increase bacteria activity that results in an increase in protein biomass, iron accumulation and pyrolle synthesis. In contrast Hb levels were the same as LBM and are species specific and not related to increased bacterial activity. NRN showed a time related decrease in concentration (p=0.09; R2=0.99) and was also twice that found in the LBM. This is related to decomposition of porcine protein and DNA as well as that derived from bacteria. A decrease in DNA concentration with time was found (p=0.00; R2=0.88). DNA from all samples and could be used for the amplification of cytb. In conclusion the LBM allows for rapid method development and the investigation of the effect of single factors on the integrity of bio-molecules such as protein and DNA. The FM can then be used to further investigate the effect of many additional environmental factors on the concentration and structure of the same bio-molecules. Using both models, it was found that total protein, DNA and NRN showed a time related change in concentration while the concentration of collagen and Hb remained constant. Copyright
Dissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2011.
Anatomy
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Books on the topic "Forensic laboratory"

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Forensic anthropology laboratory manual. 2nd ed. Boston: Pearson/Allyn and Bacon, 2008.

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Mozayani, Ashraf, and Carla Noziglia, eds. The Forensic Laboratory Handbook. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1385/159259946x.

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Byers, Steven N. Forensic Anthropology Laboratory Manual. Fourth edition. | Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon ;: Routledge, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315535371.

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T, Myster Susan M., ed. Forensic anthropology laboratory manual. Boston: Pearson/Allyn and Bacon, 2005.

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Schiltz, Gary. Forensic laboratory science and detective mystery writing: Student forensic laboratory journal. Batavia, Illinois: Flinn Scientific, 1994.

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Lori, Wilson, ed. Practical forensic microscopy: A laboratory manual. Chichester, England: Wiley, 2008.

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Kubic, Thomas. Forensic science laboratory manual and workbook. 3rd ed. Boca Raton, FL: Taylor & Francis, 2009.

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Kubic, Thomas. Forensic science laboratory manual and workbook. Boca Raton, FL: Taylor & Francis, 2005.

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Catalano, Thomas. Good Laboratory Practices for Forensic Chemistry. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-09725-1.

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McClintock, J. Thomas. Forensic DNA analysis: A laboratory manual. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 2008.

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Book chapters on the topic "Forensic laboratory"

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Einseln, Anja. "Forensic Laboratory Accreditation." In The Forensic Laboratory Handbook Procedures and Practice, 1–14. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60761-872-0_1.

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Schulz, Karen, and Stephanie O'Shaughnessy. "Forensic Laboratory Materials." In Crime Scene Detective, 66–75. New York: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003233954-11.

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Soomer, Helena. "Forensic Odontology." In The Forensic Laboratory Handbook, 177–93. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1385/1-59259-946-x:177.

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Carter, Joye M. "Forensic Pathology." In The Forensic Laboratory Handbook, 195–210. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1385/1-59259-946-x:195.

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Christian, Donnell. "Forensic Chemistry." In The Forensic Laboratory Handbook, 35–61. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1385/1-59259-946-x:35.

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Daldrup, T., P. Michalke, and S. Szathmary. "HPLC in Forensic Chemistry." In Chemical Laboratory Practice, 241–85. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-69225-3_9.

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Byrd, Jason H., and Jeffery K. Tomberlin. "Laboratory-Rearing of Forensic Insects." In Forensic Entomology, 87–102. Third edition. | Boca Raton, FL : CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group, [2020]: CRC Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781351163767-4.

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Catalano, Thomas. "Forensic Chemistry." In Good Laboratory Practices for Forensic Chemistry, 7–10. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-09725-1_3.

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DiMaggio, John A., and Wesley Vernon. "The Crime Scene and Crime Laboratory." In Forensic Podiatry, 3–12. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-61737-976-5_1.

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Goff, M. Lee. "Forensic Entomology." In The Forensic Laboratory Handbook Procedures and Practice, 447–78. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60761-872-0_17.

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Conference papers on the topic "Forensic laboratory"

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Stone, I. C. "Forensic Laboratory Support to Accident Reconstruction." In SAE International Congress and Exposition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/870427.

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Vanderlinde, William E., and David A. Stoney. "Forensic Microscopy in the Failure Analysis Laboratory." In ISTFA 2000. ASM International, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.istfa2000p0097.

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Abstract Optical microscopy techniques used by forensic analysts are shown to have application to failure analysis problems. Proper set up of the optical microscope is reviewed, including the correct use of the field diaphragm and the aperture diaphragm. Polarized light microscopy, bright and dark field methods, refractive index liquids, and a particle reference atlas are used to identify contamination found on semiconductor products.
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Drerup, Michael J., Ibrahim Erdem, and Ronald W. Anthony. "Trouble Underfoot—In Situ and Laboratory Investigation of Engineered Wood Flooring." In Sixth Congress on Forensic Engineering. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784412640.066.

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Quintiliano, Paulo, João Costa, Flavio Deus, and Rafael Sousa Jr. "Computer Forensic Laboratory: Aims, Functionalities, Hardware and Software." In The Eighth International Conference on Forensic Computer Science. Abeat, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.5769/c2013010.

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Reis, E. M., and U. Dilek. "Non-Destructive Evaluation and Laboratory Testing of a Concrete Structure Damaged by Fire." In Sixth Congress on Forensic Engineering. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784412640.123.

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Bullard, Barry D., and Brian Birge. "Applications of a digital darkroom in the forensic laboratory." In Enabling Technologies for Law Enforcement and Security, edited by John Hicks, Peter R. De Forest, and Vivian M. Baylor. SPIE, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.266298.

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Reis, E. M., and U. Dilek. "Comparison of Non-Destructive Testing Findings to Laboratory Testing Findings from a Concrete Wall with Strength Deficiencies." In Sixth Congress on Forensic Engineering. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784412640.125.

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Parvez, Md Masud, Syed Akhter Hossain, and Shaikh Muhammad Rizwan Ali. "Design and implementation of low cost digital forensic laboratory for university." In 2017 International Conference on Wireless Communications, Signal Processing and Networking (WiSPNET). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/wispnet.2017.8300016.

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Chervak, S., and A. Yeager. "360. Productivity and Ergonomics in a Forensic Toxicology Drug Testing Laboratory." In AIHce 2004. AIHA, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.3320/1.2758395.

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Delija, Damir, Goran Sirovatka, Domagoj Tulicic, Marinko Zagar, Kresimir Hausknecht, Davorka Topolcic, and Savina Gruicic. "Implementation of virtual digital forensic class and laboratory for training, education and investigation." In 2019 42nd International Convention on Information and Communication Technology, Electronics and Microelectronics (MIPRO). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/mipro.2019.8756801.

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Reports on the topic "Forensic laboratory"

1

Anthony Hendrickson, Brian Mennecke, Kevin Scheibe, and Anthony Townsend. Laboratory Information Management Systems for Forensic Laboratories: A White Paper for Directors and Decision Makers. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/892806.

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Page, Jason S. Report for the Forensic Laboratory Analysis of Hose-in-Hose Transfer Line used in C-Farm Retrievals. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1526457.

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Norsworthy, Sarah, Rebecca Shute, Crystal M. Daye, and Paige Presler-Jur. National Institute of Justice’s Forensic Technology Center of Excellence 2019 National Opioid and Emerging Drug Threats Policy and Practice Forum. Edited by Jeri D. Ropero-Miller and Hope Smiley-McDonald. RTI Press, July 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2020.cp.0011.2007.

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The National Institute of Justice (NIJ) and its Forensic Technology Center of Excellence (FTCoE) hosted the National Opioid and Emerging Drug Threats Policy and Practice Forum on July 18–19, 2019, in Washington, DC. The forum explored ways in which government agencies and programs, law enforcement officials, forensic laboratory personnel, medical examiners and coroners, researchers, and other experts can cooperate to respond to problems associated with drug abuse and misuse. Panelists from these stakeholder groups discussed ways to address concerns such as rapidly expanding crime laboratory caseloads; workforce shortages and resiliency programs; analytical challenges associated with fentanyl analogs and drug mixtures; laboratory quality control; surveillance systems to inform response; and policy related to stakeholder, research, and resource constraints. The NIJ Policy and Practice Forum built off the momentum of previous stakeholder meetings convened by NIJ and other agencies to discuss the consequences of this national epidemic, including the impact it has had on public safety, public health, and the criminal justice response. The forum discussed topics at a policy level and addressed best practices used across the forensic community.
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Kinman, William Scott, Robert Ernest Steiner, and Stephen Philip Lamont. Nuclear Forensics at Los Alamos National Laboratory. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1329650.

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Steiner, Robert Ernest, Heather M. Dion, Donald E. Dry, William Scott Kinman, Stephen Philip LaMont, David Podlesak, and Lav Tandon. Keeping the Momentum and Nuclear Forensics at Los Alamos National Laboratory. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1291264.

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Tandon, Lav, Jamie Doyle, and Kevin John Kuhn. Challenges and opportunities in nuclear forensics support missions at Los Alamos National Laboratory. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1215810.

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Kayzar-Boggs, Theresa Marie. Characterizing Nuclear Material Out of Regulatory Control: Testing Los Alamos National Laboratory’s Nuclear Forensics Capabilities. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1542791.

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