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Karenisa, Kity. "PENGHINAAN TERHADAP SIMBOL DAN PEJABAT NEGARA DALAM KAJIAN LINGUISTIK FORENSIK." TELAGA BAHASA 7, no. 1 (January 15, 2020): 55–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.36843/tb.v7i1.57.
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AbstrakTulisan ini mendeskripsikan bagaimana kajian linguistik forensik dilakukan dalam delik aduan penghinaan terhadap simbol dan pejabat negara. Data dikumpulkan dan diolah menjadi transkripsi forensik dari tuturan berupa video dan tangkap layar unggahan Facebook yang mengandung tuturan yang berkasus hukum sebagai data tersedia prakasus, serta video dan tangkap layar unggahan Facebook dengan topik serupa dari subjek penelitian yang sama sebagai data galian kasus. Tuturan yang berkasus hukum dianalisis secara semantis dan pragmatik. Analisis semantis digunakan untuk memperoleh gambaran makna sekunder tuturan yang disampaikan tersidik. Analisis pragmatik digunakan untuk memperoleh makna berdasarkan konteks tuturan tersidik. Perbandingan data tuturan berdelik hukum dengan tuturan dari data pembanding digunakan untuk memperoleh gambaran profil bahasa tersidik berdasarkan gaya diksi tersidik. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa transkripsi forensik dari data tuturan seperti video atau tulisan di media sosial dijadikan dasar untuk melakukan analisis dalam kajian linguistik forensik. Berdasarkan analisis semantis dengan melihat penggunaan kata, frasa, dan kalimat juga dilihat koteks penggunaannya dan berdasarkan analisis pragmatik dengan melihat konteks penggunaannya disimpulkan bahwa HRS tidak melakukan penghinaan terhadap Pancasila, HBS melakukan penghinaan terhadap pejabat negara, dan SSG tidak melakukan penghinaan terhadap simbol atau lambang negara, yaitu Pancasila.Kata kunci: penghinaan, simbol, negara, linguistik forensikInsulting the State Symbol and Official in Forensic Linguistics Studies AbstractThis paper is describes on how the study of forensic linguistics conducted in the complaint offense of insulting against the state symbols and officials. Data is collected and processed into a forensic transcriptions from videos and screenshots uploaded on Facebook containing legal-related speeches as a pre case provided data, as well as videos and screenshots uploaded on Facebook with similar to the same research subject as a case study data. The Legal-related speeches are analyzed semantically and pragmatically. Semantic analysis is used to obtain a picture of the secondary meaning of the speeches expressed by the accused. A pragmatic analysis is used to gain meaning based on the speeches of the accused context. Comparison of the legal-related speeches data with the speeches of comparative data is used to obtain an overview of the language profile of the accused based on the diction style used by the accused. The result of the analysis indicates that the forensic transcriptions from the videos and posts on social media are used as a basis for conducting analysis in forensic linguistics studies. Based on the semantic analysis by looking at the use of words, phrases, and sentences as well as the usage co-text, and based on the pragmatic analysis by looking at the usage context, it was concluded that HRS did not insult Pancasila, HBS insulted the state officials, and SSG did not insult the state symbols, namely Pancasila.Keywords: insults, symbols, state, forensic linguistics
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Lei, Lei, and She Kun. "Speaker Recognition Using Wavelet Cepstral Coefficient, I-Vector, and Cosine Distance Scoring and Its Application for Forensics." Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering 2016 (2016): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/4908412.
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An important application of speaker recognition is forensics. However, the accuracy of speaker recognition in forensic cases often drops off rapidly because of the ill effect of ambient noise, variable channel, different duration of speech data, and so on. Therefore, finding a robust speaker recognition model is very important for forensics. This paper builds a new speaker recognition model based on wavelet cepstral coefficient (WCC), i-vector, and cosine distance scoring (CDS). This model firstly uses the WCC to transform the speech into spectral feature vecors and then uses those spectral feature vectors to train the i-vectors that represent the speeches having different durations. CDS is used to compare the i-vectors to give out the evidence. Moreover, linear discriminant analysis (LDA) and the within-class covariance normalization (WCNN) are added to the CDS algorithm to deal with the channel variability problem. Finally, the likelihood ratio estimates the strength of the evidence. We use the TIMIT database to evaluate the performance of the proposed model. The experimental results show that the proposed model can effectively solve the troubles of forensic scenario, but the time cost of the method is high.
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Cecchet, Lucia. "Poverty as argument in Athenian forensic speeches." Ktèma : civilisations de l'Orient, de la Grèce et de Rome antiques 38, no. 1 (2013): 53–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/ktema.2013.1398.
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Kurihara, Asako. "Personal enmity as a motivation in forensic speeches." Classical Quarterly 53, no. 2 (December 2003): 464–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cq/53.2.464.
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Zinsmaier, Thomas. "Zwischen Erzählung und Argumentation: colores in den pseudoquintilianischen Declamationes maiores." Rhetorica 27, no. 3 (2009): 256–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/rh.2009.27.3.256.
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Abstract As a designation for specific arguments providing clever explanations or excuses in mock-forensic speeches (controversiae), the technical metaphor color is mainly known from the work of Seneca the Elder. But while the many colores he cites lack their speech context, the Major Declamations ascribed to Quintilian give a unique opportunity to study the techniques of “colouring” within the framework of entire speeches. After a reconsideration of what we know about the origin and the exact meaning of color, this article demonstrates the dual function of colores as a means both of generating arguments and of creating stories, i.e. as a device that is rhetorical as well as literary.
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Bécue-Bertaut, Mónica, Belchin Kostov, Annie Morin, and Guilhem Naro. "Rhetorical Strategy in Forensic Speeches: Multidimensional Statistics-Based Methodology." Journal of Classification 31, no. 1 (March 29, 2014): 85–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00357-014-9148-9.
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Volkova, Tatyana F. "Speech Activity of the Modern Forensic Orator (On the Material of Speeches in Debates)." Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta, no. 444 (June 2019): 38–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/15617793/444/4.
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Worthington, I. "Once More, The Client/ Logographos Relationship." Classical Quarterly 43, no. 1 (May 1993): 67–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0009838800044189.
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Whilst Theophrastus (Char. 17.8) implies that the logographos had a great deal of control over the oral version of a forensic speech and what went into it,2 the part played by the logographos and the client in the content and circulation of the oration after oral delivery is controversial, and has attracted a fair share of attention.3 Sir Kenneth Dover argued that joint or composite authorship of the speech (i.e. client and logographos together) could take place, and that it was the client who could publish the speech after the trial and was free to include his own remarks.4 Thus, as Dover would have it, in the case of Lysias (and of other orators too if joint composition occurred), no unique style of that orator could be discerned in his speeches as we have them today. This composite authorship was first questioned by T. N. Winter,5 and denied even more vigorously by S. Usher,6 who argued that responsibility for a speech's later circulation lay only with the logographos, who also revised the speech as he saw fit.7 Their arguments, which nicely complement each other, are convincing enough on the evidence we have (although a case will be made below that in certain circumstances some, but probably not many, speeches appear to be the work of joint authorship). However, two other factors may be brought in as further support: the stylistic nature of the revised speech and the extent of literacy. The argument of this paper is that the composition of the final circulated speech was beyond the ability of the ordinary client and could only have been produced by the logographos.
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Radicke, Jan. "Hypereides, The Forensic Speeches. Introduction, Translation and Commentary by David Whitehead." Gnomon 80, no. 3 (2008): 204–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.17104/0017-1417_2008_3_204.
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Sic, Magdolna. "Tamás Nótári Handling of Facts and Forensic Tactics in Cicero's Defence Speeches." Fundamina 21, no. 2 (2015): 477–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2411-7870/2015/v21n2a13.
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Levene, D. S. "God and man in the classical latin panegyric." Proceedings of the Cambridge Philological Society 43 (1998): 66–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0068673500002157.
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This paper is specifically concerned with the classical Latin panegyric, thus excluding both panegyrics from late antiquity, where the religious context is substantially different, and (at least in the first instance) panegyrical literature in Greek, with its distinctive linguistic and hence ideological background. I am, moreover, defining ‘panegyric’ to comprise only speeches in praise of a living person or persons: the religious status of living people, and the language applied to them, manifestly raise particular problems not present with other objects of praise.But there are on the face of things difficulties with this definition. There is an obvious overlap between panegyrical speeches and other forms of oratory: themes of praise can clearly play a role, for example, in forensic speeches. Conversely, according to both ancient theorists and modern commentators, panegyrics can be used to give advice, either openly or covertly – the latter when, for example, one recommends future clemency to a tyrant under the guise of praising examples of clemency in the past. I shall be dealing only with speeches that are overtly panegyrical in form, those whose ostensible object is not persuasion, but simple praise; but the limitation seems rather artificial.
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Spatharas, Dimos. "ταυτ' εγω μαρτυρομαι: Bystanders as Witnesses in Aristophanes." Mnemosyne 61, no. 2 (2008): 177–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156852507x195754.
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AbstractThe aim of this paper is to examine the function of bystanders as witnesses in Aristophanes. It includes an examination of the relevant passages and a presentation of the legal aspects that they exhibit. I argue that, while forensic speeches depict different types of assistance offered by the bystanders to victims of criminal action, the 'victims' on Aristophanes' comic stage, usually annoying intruders, fail to secure the assistance of those within earshot.
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Afonasin, Eugene. "Antiphon. Fragments and Testimonia." ΣΧΟΛΗ. Ancient Philosophy and the Classical Tradition 15, no. 1 (2021): 339–421. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/1995-4328-2021-15-1-339-421.
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Antiphon (c. 480–411 BCE) was famous in antiquity for his forensic speeches as well as more theoretical works, such as The Truth and On concord. He is also credited with the invention of logography as a profession. The majority of his heritage is now lost. The present publication contains a collection of scant doxographic evidence about Antiphon’s life and writings. The evidences are based on A. Lask and G. Most’ Early Greek Philosophy (2016).
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Svankulov, A. "USE OF LINGUISTIC KNOWLEDGE IN FORENSIC EXPERTISE. COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS." Criminalistics and Forensics, no. 64 (May 7, 2019): 435–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.33994/kndise.2019.64.38.
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The article describes the use of linguistic and psychological knowledge in the forensic expert activity of the Republic of Kazakhstan as an independent form of complex psychological and philological research where experts who obtained knowledge in the field of psychology and philology take part. During the implementation of this type of research, research methods have been developed that are included in the State Register of Methods of Forensic Research of the Republic of Kazakhstan. In addition, the article states that further development of this area in forensic expert activities will contribute to the formation of a new type of research – Forensic Religious Expertise. The direct application of linguistic knowledge in conducting forensic expertises is subdivided into five areas, such as: expert examination of real works on charges of extremist activity, as well as on charges of violating racial, religious, national and social hate and hostility, linguistic examination of advertising texts and treaties, linguistic expert examination of trademarks, verbal study of crimes related to the propaganda of extremism and terrorism, in the investigation of corruption crimes, fraud, extortion. The article also shows the connection of the linguistic expertise with other types, for example, with a judicial video phonography examination, in case of the need for identification of the speaker by verbal speech on the phonogram under study, during the author’s examination for the authorship of the text, in the psychological and forensic expertise – for the solution of question of the learned speeches of the suspect, other persons during the interrogation, other investigative actions. The author presents the results of a comparative analysis of the use of linguistic knowledge abroad, in particular, in the UK. Its peculiarity is that linguistic research is carried out at scientific educational centers of the humanitarian orientation. The following directions in linguistic studies conducted in this country are considered: a) forensic authore-identification, the essence of which is the determining the authorship of oral or written text, individual characteristics of the author (age, way of life, religious and political views, nationality, gender, profession, etc., b) forensic phonetics which involves the use of phonetics and phonology – sections of linguistics, c) forensic stylistics aimed at solving issues related to the plagiarism of the semantic content of the texts, while the author states that in Kazakhstan the decision on this issue is assigned to the competence of authore-identification examination, d) discourse analysis as the most promising type of research at present, is connected with research of written, verbal text in combination with non-verbal means of communication (gestures, facial expressions). Key words: legal linguistics, discourse, psychological and philological examination, forensic authore-identification, products of speech activity, linguistic research, psychological research.
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Carey, C. "Nomos in Attic rhetoric and oratory." Journal of Hellenic Studies 116 (November 1996): 33–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/631954.
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Forensic oratory must of necessity deal with the subject of law, and rhetoric which aspires to be of use in the courts must offer the potential litigant or logographer guidance on the way to deal with questions of law. Accordingly, Aristotle devotes some space to this issue in the Rhetoric. Although the morality of Aristotle's advice has been debated, little attention has been paid to the more basic question of the soundness of his advice. The aim of this paper is to examine Aristotle's presentation of the rhetoric of law in the Rhetoric in comparison with actual practice in surviving forensic speeches. The fourth century Rhetorica ad Alexandrum, commonly ascribed to Anaximenes of Lampsakos, also offers advice on the manipulation of argument from law, and the general similarity of that advice to Aristotle's suggests either direct influence or a common source. Anaximenes' discussion of the use of law in forensic oratory is both more brief and less systematic, and will be given more cursory treatment.
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McKnight, Elizabeth. "Offences Against the Res Publica: The Role of Public Interest Arguments in Cicero’s Forensic Speeches." Hague Journal on the Rule of Law 9, no. 2 (May 11, 2017): 237–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40803-017-0056-z.
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Jani, Bhumi, and Surbhi Mathur. "Effect on emotions on speaker profiling in cases of hate speeches." Journal of Punjab Academy of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology 20, no. 1 (2020): 120. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/0974-083x.2020.00068.0.
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Prill, Paul. "Cicero in Theory and Practice: The Securing of Good Will in the Exordia of Five Forensic Speeches." Rhetorica 4, no. 2 (1986): 93–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/rh.1986.4.2.93.
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Steel, Catherine. "II Channels of Communication." New Surveys in the Classics 36 (2006): 25–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0017383506000192.
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The oral dimension to classical literature as a whole has, rightly, become an object of increasing interest to interpreters. The process of composition of any text usually involved a spoken element; public or private readings could be a medium by which a text was disseminated; and individual reading could involve audible speech, or having another person read aloud. All Roman literature involves some oral dimension. Within this broad framework, however, oratory occupies a distinctive space. A speech is prepared for a specific time and place, to be directed at a specific audience and, in the case of forensic and deliberative oratory, with the aim of securing a specific outcome. Moreover, this first performance is, logically, oral and does not imply the existence of a written text; indeed, there was a strong convention within ancient rhetoric that speeches were delivered from memory, and even though written texts might well feature in preparation, orators would often find themselves in situations where improvisation was necessary. The sense of being created for a particular time and place is a characteristic which oratory shares with drama but, unlike drama, subsequent performances in a similar manner are difficult to envisage. Plays in both Greece and Rome were revived after the festival for which they had been initially composed; but the circumstances in front of the Roman people, in the Senate, or in a court which demanded a speech would never be repeated.
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Et. al., Gizachew Belayneh Gebre. "Artificial Neural Network Based Amharic Language Speaker Recognition." Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education (TURCOMAT) 12, no. 3 (April 11, 2021): 5105–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/turcomat.v12i3.2043.
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In this artificial intelligence time, speaker recognition is the most useful biometric recognition technique. Security is a big issue that needs careful attention because of every activities have been becoming automated and internet based. For security purpose, unique features of authorized user are highly needed. Voice is one of the wonderful unique biometric features. So, developing speaker recognition based on scientific research is the most concerned issue. Nowadays, criminal activities are increasing day to day in different clever way. So, every country should have strengthen forensic investigation using such technologies. The study was done by inspiration of contextualizing this concept for our country. In this study, text-independent Amharic language speaker recognition model was developed using Mel-Frequency Cepstral Coefficients to extract features from preprocessed speech signals and Artificial Neural Network to model the feature vector obtained from the Mel-Frequency Cepstral Coefficients and to classify objects while testing. The researcher used 20 sampled speeches of 10 each speaker (total of 200 speech samples) for training and testing separately. By setting the number of hidden neurons to 15, 20, and 25, three different models have been developed and evaluated for accuracy. The fourth-generation high-level programming language and interactive environment MATLAB is used to conduct the overall study implementations. At the end, very promising findings have been obtained. The study achieved better performance than other related researches which used Vector Quantization and Gaussian Mixture Model modelling techniques. Implementable result could obtain for the future by increasing number of speakers and speech samples and including the four Amharic accents.
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Stem, Rex. "Cicero as Orator and Philosopher: The Value of the Pro Murena for Ciceronian Political Thought." Review of Politics 68, no. 2 (May 2006): 206–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s003467050600012x.
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This essay seeks to demonstrate that the different generic parts of Cicero's corpus are but different sides of the mind of the same man, and, thus, that all parts of the corpus—including the forensic speeches, once they have been corroborated by other passages in his corpus—should be regarded as valuable evidence for understanding Ciceronian political thought. A comparison of Cicero's Peripatetic criticism of the Younger Cato's Stoicism in the Pro Murena to the view of Cato's politics expressed in his private correspondence of 61–60 BC and in De Finibus 4.61 reveals that this criticism is more than just a humorous digression to win the case. As an extended expression of Cicero's belief that the inflexible moral certainties of Cato's Stoicism could be detrimental to the managing of the consensus necessary to political life in a republic, the Pro Murena should also be recognized as an articulation of Cicero's philosophical approach to the practice of politics.
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Gagarin, M. "Law, Politics, and the Question of Relevance in the Case On the Crown." Classical Antiquity 31, no. 2 (October 1, 2012): 293–314. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/ca.2012.31.2.293.
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This paper seeks to give a more precise grounding to the question of relevance in Athenian forensic argument with a specific focus on the speeches delivered by Aeschines and Demosthenes in the case On the Crown. I argue that in Athenian litigation relevance can be determined quite precisely by the specific terms of the accusation, and that the litigants are well aware of this standard and take care to make their arguments relevant or to justify them if they may appear to be “outside the issue.” Because all the issues specified in the accusation are legally relevant, the distinction commonly drawn between legal and political arguments has no place in a discussion of relevance. The effect of this rule of relevance, I argue, is not to promote fairness but to increase the advantage enjoyed by the plaintiff. I conclude with a few observations on the Athenian view of law which, I suggest, was considerably broader than ours.
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Worthington, Ian. "HYPERIDES - D. Whitehead: Hypereides: The Forensic Speeches. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000. Pp. xvii + 523. Cased, £75. ISBN: 0-19-815218-3." Classical Review 52, no. 1 (March 2002): 4–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cr/52.1.4.
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Hestiyana, NFN. "BAHASA VERBAL SAKSI KORBAN DALAM MENGUNGKAP KASUS KEKERASAN DALAM RUMAH TANGGA (KDRT) DI WILAYAH HUKUM POLRESTA BANJARMASIN." Kandai 13, no. 2 (December 7, 2017): 297. http://dx.doi.org/10.26499/jk.v13i2.201.
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This study discusses the verbal language of witnesses in uncovering cases of domestic violence in the jurisdiction of Banjarmasin Police by using the Halliday consept and forensic linguistics approach. The purpose of this study is to describe the verbal language in revealing the victim witness violence in the home (domestic violence) in the jurisdiction of Banjarmasin Police. The method used in this research is the descriptive qualitative method. The procedure of this study conducted in three stages, namely: 1) collecting data; 2) analyzing the data that has been provided; and 3) presenting the results of the data analysis. The data in this research are speeches of witness in domestic violence cases which were experienced and reported to the police, in January 2017. Data were collected by using the following techniques: 1) observation, 2) documentation, and 3) interview. The analysis shows that there are four functions of language used by the victim witness in uncovering cases of domestic violence, namely: 1) the personal function, 2) regulatory function, 3) representation function, and 4) heuristic function.
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Zuhriyanto, Ikhsan, Anton Yudhana, and Imam Riadi. "Comparative analysis of Forensic Tools on Twitter applications using the DFRWS method." Jurnal RESTI (Rekayasa Sistem dan Teknologi Informasi) 4, no. 5 (October 30, 2020): 829–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.29207/resti.v4i5.2152.
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Current crime is increasing, one of which is the crime of using social media, although no crime does not leave digital evidence. Twitter application is a social media that is widely used by its users. Acts of crime such as fraud, insults, hate speech, and other crimes lately use many social media applications, especially Twitter. This research was conducted to find forensic evidence on the social media Twitter application that is accessed using a smartphone application using the Digital Forensics Research Workshop (DFRWS) method. These digital forensic stages include identification, preservation, collection, examination, analysis, and presentation in finding digital evidence of crime using the MOBILedit Forensic Express software and Belkasoft Evidence Center. Digital evidence sought on smartphones can be found using case scenarios and 16 variables that have been created so that digital proof in the form of smartphone specifications, Twitter accounts, application versions, conversations in the way of messages and status. This study's results indicate that MOBILedit Forensic Express digital forensic software is better with an accuracy rate of 85.75% while Belkasoft Evidence Center is 43.75%.
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Dušanić, Slobodan. "Isocrates, the Chian intellectuals, and the political context of the Euthydemus." Journal of Hellenic Studies 119 (November 1999): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/632309.
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In a brief digression near the end of the Euthydemus (305 b ff.), Socrates describes one of his anonymous critics, who rejects philosophy in general but imagines himself to be both an accomplished thinker and a successful politikos. Clearly, the portrait is that of Isocrates. The similarity between Isocrates' real character and Plato's stylization is so pronounced that we are tempted to describe 305 b ff. as one of Plato's intentional anachronisms (the dramatic date of the dialogue is earlier than the death of Alcibiades, 275 b). The portrait includes several noteworthy points. First, 305 b-c refers to Socrates' opponent as a writer of forensic speeches. To judge from the tone of the entire passage, which is not markedly hostile to the anonymous person (cf. 306 c 6 ff.), that would be an unfair description of Isocrates if written after the publication of the Panegyricus c. 380 BC. Second, Plato defines the unnamed person as both a speechwriter and a practical politician (306 b: ή πολιτικὴ πρᾶξις ‘the statesman's business’). The latter part of the definition does not square with Isocrates' career as schoolmaster and political adviser or, later on, as the author of political pamphlets. Unless it is assumed that 305 b ff. aims at Isocrates' dealing with Realpolitik, he would not have deserved Socrates' criticism that he ‘partakes’ of two different things. In that case, the same reproof for being ‘the border-ground between philosopher and politician’ might have been addressed to Plato himself as a dialectician and, concerning his other activities, as the head of the Academy and the author of such political dialogues as the Gorgias.
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Dmitrievich, Nikishin Vladimir. "Criteria of Extremist Speech Acts: Forensic Linguistic Diagnostic Complexes." European Journal of Social & Behavioural Sciences 30, no. 2 (April 29, 2021): 3394–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.15405/ejsbs.296.
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The article examines the challenges in detecting features of verbal extremism by analysing forensic practice, research papers on forensic linguistics and anti-extremist law, manuals developed by Russian law enforcement agencies and scientific and educational organizations. The article suggests a new approach to the methodological support of forensic linguistic examination of extremist discourse. This approach is based on the concept of a three-component structure of ‘extremist’ utterances. The author justifies the proposed classification of extremist speech acts and describes forensic diagnostic complexes corresponding to these speech acts. These complexes can serve as the reference samples for both linguistic experts (who conduct forensic examination) and the law enforcement officers (who conduct forensic diagnostics). The use of standardized forensic diagnostic complexes of extremist speech acts which serve as a tool for classification of illegal verbal behaviour allows to maintain the balance between the right to freedom of speech and pluralism of opinions, on the one hand, and protection against abuse of these rights (protection of media security), on the other hand.
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Hollien, Harry. "About forensic phonetics." Linguistica 52, no. 1 (December 31, 2012): 27–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/linguistica.52.1.27-53.
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This article sets forth the goals and content of Forensic Phonetics and its major elements. Considered are 1) the processing and analysis of spoken utterances, 2) enhancement of speech intelligibility (re: surveillance and other recordings), 3) authentication of recordings, 4) speaker identification, and 5) detection of deception, intoxication, and emotions in speech. Stress in speech, and the psychological stress evaluation systems that some individuals attempt to use as lie detectors also will be considered.
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Galyashina, E. I. "Speech Analysis in Legal Proceedings: Urgent Needs, Problems and Ways to Solve Them." Theory and Practice of Forensic Science 14, no. 4 (January 8, 2020): 6–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.30764/1819-2785-2019-14-4-6-18.
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The article describes the problems in legal proceedings that impede effective use of special knowledge of speech necessary to qualify offenses committed by means of speech actions. Among them the imperfection of the current legislation on forensic expert activity is mentioned, where there are no uniform professional qualifications and requirements for state forensic experts and persons who are not the employees of state forensic institutions and who are quite often involved in the conduct of linguistic expertise, authorship and phonogram examinations. It is stated that due to the lack of professional training in forensic specialties of such non-state experts, the quality of their speech analysis does not meet the need of the legal community and civil society in objective and effective examinations, the results of which could be used in trial. If the incompetence of non-state experts is revealed, their opinions are recognized as an inadmissible evidence, reexaminations are assigned to the state forensic institutions, which significantly delays the proceedings. It is proposed to legislate the mandatory certification for nonstate experts, to unify the procedure of additional professional education in the field of specific expert’s specialties for state and non-state forensic experts. In order to solve the problems mentioned above it is proposed to develop and implement a passport for each forensic specialty, a single nomenclature of forensic specialties corresponding to the types of forensic speech examinations, to unify additional professional retraining and professional development programs.
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Zyubina, Irina A., Galina G. Matveeva, Marina R. Zheltukhina, Gennady G. Slyshkin, and Alevtina V. Shevchenko. "Forensic prosecutor’s speech as a speech genre." XLinguae 10, no. 3 (June 2017): 312–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.18355/xl.2017.10.03.25.
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Eskidere, Ömer. "Source Digital Voice Recorder Identification by Wavelet Analysis." International Journal on Artificial Intelligence Tools 25, no. 03 (June 2016): 1650016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218213016500160.
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Identification of the speech signal origin is an important issue since it may play a vital role for criminal and forensic investigations. Yet, in the media forensics field, source digital voice recorder (DVR) identification has not been given much attention. In this paper we study the effect of subband based features obtained using uniform wavelet packet decomposition and Teager energy operator on the DVR model and brand identification performance. In order to assess the effects of these features on the proposed system, one-class classifiers (OCCs) with two reference multi-class classifiers were carried out. The performance of the DVR identification system is tested on a custom database of twelve portable DVRs of six different brands. The results showed that the proposed system can effectively identify the correct DVR brands/models with a high accuracy. Moreover, it was observed that the combination of the traditional speech features with subband Teager energy cepstral parameters (STEC) and short time frame energy as a feature improved recognition accuracy under both silent and noisy recording conditions.
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Nikishin, V. D. "OBJECTS OF FORENSIC LINGUISTIC EXAMINATION: NEW CHALLENGES OF CRIMINOGENIC INTERNET COMMUNICATION." Courier of Kutafin Moscow State Law University (MSAL)), no. 6 (July 31, 2020): 79–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.17803/2311-5998.2020.70.6.079-088.
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The article is devoted to the system of objects of forensic linguistic examination at the present stage of its development. The relevance of the study is tied with the activation of criminogenic Internet communication, which implements defamatory, extremist and other aggressive speech acts that create threats to the information and worldview security of Web users. The essence of the object of forensic linguistic examination is considered from the following points of view: the theory of confl ict, the criminalistic understanding of the object of forensic examination as a complex three-link dynamic system, the concept of speech traces, the language form of the speech products, the material storage mediums, etc. Defi nitions of the diagnosed and diagnosing objects of the forensic linguistic examination are proposed. The article focuses on creolized and multicode texts, their multimodal perception. The correlation of speech traces of criminogenic Internet communication and digital traces is considered.
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Seidemann, Michael. "Forensic Audiology." Seminars in Hearing 15, no. 03 (August 1994): 243–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0028-1083771.
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Apter, Emily. "Shibboleth: Policing by Ear and Forensic Listening in Projects by Lawrence Abu Hamdan." October 156 (May 2016): 100–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/octo_a_00253.
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Drawing on the work of Lawrence Abu Hamdan, a British-Lebanese artist and researcher currently based in Beirut, this essay examines the juridical and conceptual field of critical forensis which is situated at the juncture of security studies, art, and architecture. Abu Hamdan extends forensics to the area of “new audibilities,” with a focus on the politics of juridical hearing in situations of legal-identity profiling and voice authentication (the “shibboleth test”). Abu Hamdan's projects investigate how accent monitoring and audio surveillance, voice recognition, translation technologies, sovereign acts of listening, and court determinations of linguistic norms emerge as so many technical constraints on “freedom of speech,” itself a malleable term ascribed to discrepant claims and principles, yet taking on performative force in site-specific situations.
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Igorevna, Galyashina Elena. "The Challenges of Forensic Linguistic Analysis of False Testimony." European Journal of Social & Behavioural Sciences 30, no. 3 (August 31, 2021): 236–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.15405/ejsbs.302.
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The present paper arises from wider research which focused on various manifestations of destructive and malicious speech behavior in spontaneous oral or written dialogs, related to the processes of information concealment and falsification in police interviews and court testimonies. A number of analytical methods were used to generate this paper: a retrospective analysis of scientific literature, comparative legal and logical analysis, extrapolation methods, and content analysis. Despite numerous experimental researches devoted to acoustic-phonetic or psycholinguistic features of lies, their results are not sufficiently reliable for forensic purposes as the expert report should not rely on assumptions. The author disputes the evidence admissibility of experts’ conclusions about utterances implying speech parameters correlating with lies detected via psycholinguistic examination in oral speech audio or video recording of a police interview or a court testimony. Forensic psycholinguistic methods and comprehensive algorithms used in some forensic experts’ reports to detect speech signs of lying demonstrate a great variety that contradicts with the principals of evidence admissibility. The insufficient development of the currently used expert approach and the lack of a unified methodology for solving expert tasks on a strictly scientific basis creates a demand for developing comprehensive methods for studying lies on the basis of forensic speech science and cognitive theory.
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Mursa, Irina. "Speech Portrait of Personality as a Tool of Forensic AuthorshipAttribution." Legal Linguistics, no. 18 (29) (December 28, 2020): 16–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.14258/leglin(2020)1804.
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The article discussesapplication of speech portraitpotential in forensic authorship attribution. An illustrative example is the speech portraits of Russian vernacular native speakers of different ages and genders living in the same language community - the village of Kamyshenka, Altai Krai. The results of the study can be used for speech identification within the framework forensic authorship attribution, since the described lexical and grammatical features of the speech of each respondent form unique combinations that allow for the identification procedure. The nature of the narrative strategies in the structure of the speech portrait is also established, which are no less, if sometimes even a more informative feature of the speech portrait of a linguistic persona than the lexical and grammatical features of the speech.
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Lebedeva, A. K. "PROBLEMS OF FORENSIC PHONOSCOPIC EXAMINATION IN THE LIGHT OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES." Courier of Kutafin Moscow State Law University (MSAL)), no. 6 (July 31, 2020): 62–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.17803/2311-5998.2020.70.6.062-071.
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The article deals with some problems related to the production of forensic speech and audio analysis, taking into account global digitalization of all spheres of human life. Voicechanger, technology of voice synthesis signifi cantly complicate forensic phonoscopic examinations and put before the forensic experts a new, interesting challenges. We consider the algorithm for changing the voice using modern software, as well as features of voice synthesis technologies. Some variants of studying such phonograms are proposed.
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Kuznetsov, V. О. "On the Issue of Expert Terms in Forensic Linguistics." Theory and Practice of Forensic Science 15, no. 1 (April 19, 2020): 29–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.30764/1819-2785-2020-1-29-41.
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The article addresses the problem of using a deliberative category of “expert terms” in forensic linguistics. The issue is related to the questions of the relations between the linguistic and legal terms standing for so-called speech offenses and the use of legal concepts when wording expert tasks and conclusions. Basing on the understanding of the concept “expert terms” of the general theory of forensic science and the provisions of the theory of expert terms of forensic psychology under which the expert terms hold the position between legal and basic sciences’ concepts, an attempt is made to contemplate theoretically the category of “expert terms” as applied to the forensic linguistics. The article also shows the algorithm for developing forensic linguistic terms depending on the wording of a legal provision on examples from expert practice.
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Muhammad, Ghulam, and Khalid Alghathbar. "Environment Recognition for Digital Audio Forensics Using MPEG-7 and MEL Cepstral Features." Journal of Electrical Engineering 62, no. 4 (July 1, 2011): 199–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10187-011-0032-0.
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Environment Recognition for Digital Audio Forensics Using MPEG-7 and MEL Cepstral FeaturesEnvironment recognition from digital audio for forensics application is a growing area of interest. However, compared to other branches of audio forensics, it is a less researched one. Especially less attention has been given to detect environment from files where foreground speech is present, which is a forensics scenario. In this paper, we perform several experiments focusing on the problems of environment recognition from audio particularly for forensics application. Experimental results show that the task is easier when audio files contain only environmental sound than when they contain both foreground speech and background environment. We propose a full set of MPEG-7 audio features combined with mel frequency cepstral coefficients (MFCCs) to improve the accuracy. In the experiments, the proposed approach significantly increases the recognition accuracy of environment sound even in the presence of high amount of foreground human speech.
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Lee, V. S., and R. D. Karymsakova. "LINGUISTIC PRAGMATICS AND SPEECH ACT THEORY AS A SCIENTIFIC METHOD OF JUDICIAL LINGUISTIC EXPERTISE (from lingual expert practice)." Bulletin of Kemerovo State University, no. 3 (July 28, 2016): 155–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.21603/2078-8975-2016-3-155-159.
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The paper reflects the progress and results of such applied linguistic research, as the conclusion of the expert-philologist (forensic linguistic) expertise, the object of which is due to the content of tasks for the specialist (expert). According to the transcript of a conversation, the features of verbal behavior of participants of the conversation that are relevant for the criminal investigation are studied. The study used lingual pragmatic analysis, techniques of text discursive analysis. The result of the semantic-pragmatic analysis of speech situations, speech acts as the units of researched conversation led to unambiguous conclusions about the nature of relations between the participants of the conversation, the communicative role of each of them, the absence of women’s guilt in the state of fear experienced by man, etc. In general, conversation analysis has shown that the achievement of linguistic pragmatics with its theory of speech acts can be successfully used in forensic linguistic examination. The results of this research can be used in the formulation of recommendations on the methodological support of forensic linguistic examination.
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Herrera Martínez, Marcelo, Andrea Lorena Aldana Blanco, and Ana Maria Guzmán Palacios. "Speech pattern recognition for forensic acoustic purposes." TECCIENCIA 9, no. 17 (October 2014): 47–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.18180/tecciencia.2014.17.5.
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Sokolova, T. P. "TOPICAL ISSUES OF EXPERT DIAGNOSTICS OF THE AUTHOR’S CONCEPTUAL CHARACTERISTICS." Courier of Kutafin Moscow State Law University (MSAL)), no. 6 (July 31, 2020): 111–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.17803/2311-5998.2020.70.6.111-119.
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Within the school of forensic expertology, in the context of modern challenges of digitalization, the current problems of forensic and expert diagnostics are considered to establish the conceptual characteristics of the author of a speech product posted on the Internet, which has become a criminal environment. Based on the analysis of a number of provisions of traditional methods of author’s research of written speech (determining gender, age, profession, level of education, level of speech culture, native language of the author of an anonymous text), their inapplicability is revealed in the expert diagnosis of a modern language personality, which manifests itself mainly in a virtual environment. The author substantiates the need to develop a modern methodology for determining the conceptual characteristics of an anonymous author of a speech product within the competence of a speech expert based on the analysis of the corpus of modern web communication texts.
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Bakhteev, Dmitry V., and Alexey V. Antropov. "Forensic examination of anonymous handwritten documents in order to obtain data on the identity of their author and performer." Nowa Kodyfikacja Prawa Karnego 49 (April 18, 2019): 9–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/2084-5065.49.2.
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The anonymous document as an object of forensic research has an information field that is subject to study by three groups of scientific disciplines: handwriting, technical research of documents and forensic linguistics. Stability and reproducibility characteristics of handwriting and written speech allows us to identify the author and performer of an anonymous message, as demonstrated by the example of the authorsʼ practice.
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Seery, Carol Hubbard. "Differential Diagnosis of Stuttering for Forensic Purposes." American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology 14, no. 4 (November 2005): 284–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/1058-0360(2005/028).
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Purpose: This case study demonstrates the application of an assessment protocol for differential diagnosis of psychogenic stuttering, neurogenic stuttering, developmental stuttering, and malingering. Method: A male in his late 30s, accused of armed robbery, was evaluated for stuttering at the request of his defense attorney. The speech assessment included 4 main sections: collection of speech samples, observation in multiple speaking conditions, evaluation of communication attitudes, and consideration of case history and background information. Results: The defendant stuttered severely in all speaking conditions. He demonstrated typical stuttering loci and consistency, but no adaptation. Communication attitudes were typical of people who stutter, but steady, direct eye contact was atypical. His statements about his speech conflicted with reports of outside witnesses. Conclusions: Characteristics were consistent with developmental stuttering and partial malingering. Both psychogenic and neurogenic forms of stuttering were suspected, but mixed results were largely unsupportive. Valuable protocol elements included speech sampling under multiple speaking conditions, careful examination of case history information, and indirect tests of malingering. Further knowledge and research are warranted to improve processes of differential diagnoses among subtypes of developmental, psychogenic, and neurogenic forms of stuttering as well as malingering.
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Kuznetsov, V. O. ""Provocation" as an Expert Term in Forensic Linguistics." Theory and Practice of Forensic Science 15, no. 3 (October 23, 2020): 6–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.30764/1819-2785-2020-3-6-18.
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The article addresses the category of “provocation” as a forensic term that is an interdisciplinary concept in between the legal legal and linguistic concepts of “provocation”. An expert term “speech provocation” has been developed through an expert analysis where the category of “provocation” has been considered from the legal, linguistic, and expert perspectives. As a part of the consideration of the concept in the expert aspect, the relationship between the legal and linguistic categories has been established. The author concluded that as an expert linguistic term in examinations in corruption cases, the term “speech provocation for an offer/payment of a bribe” is used. In this case, the speech provocation is interpreted as a verbal act which incites one of the communicators to commit an unlawful act – to bribe. That is the linguistic contents of the phenomenon legally called “crime provocation". The article also addresses the methodological aspect of the detection of speech provocation.
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Algabri, Mohammed, Hassan Mathkour, Mohamed A. Bencherif, Mansour Alsulaiman, and Mohamed A. Mekhtiche. "Automatic Speaker Recognition for Mobile Forensic Applications." Mobile Information Systems 2017 (2017): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/6986391.
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Presently, lawyers, law enforcement agencies, and judges in courts use speech and other biometric features to recognize suspects. In general, speaker recognition is used for discriminating people based on their voices. The process of determining, if a suspected speaker is the source of trace, is called forensic speaker recognition. In such applications, the voice samples are most probably noisy, the recording sessions might mismatch each other, the sessions might not contain sufficient recording for recognition purposes, and the suspect voices are recorded through mobile channel. The identification of a person through his voice within a forensic quality context is challenging. In this paper, we propose a method for forensic speaker recognition for the Arabic language; the King Saud University Arabic Speech Database is used for obtaining experimental results. The advantage of this database is that each speaker’s voice is recorded in both clean and noisy environments, through a microphone and a mobile channel. This diversity facilitates its usage in forensic experimentations. Mel-Frequency Cepstral Coefficients are used for feature extraction and the Gaussian mixture model-universal background model is used for speaker modeling. Our approach has shown low equal error rates (EER), within noisy environments and with very short test samples.
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Permatasari, Devita Indah, and Subyantoro Subyantoro2. "Ujaran Kebencian Facebook Tahun 2017-2019." Jurnal Sastra Indonesia 9, no. 1 (March 30, 2020): 62–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/jsi.v9i1.33020.
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Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengklasifikasi dan menganalisis bentuk ujaran kebencian pada facebook Ahmad Dhani Prasetyo (ADP). Pendekatan penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan teoretis dan metodologis. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan metodologis berupa metode deskriptif kualitatif dan pendekatan teoretis menggunakan pendekatan linguistik forensik dengan pisau bedah analisis pragmatik. Metode dan teknik yang digunakan dalam penyediaan atau pengumpulan data adalah metode simak dengan teknik sadap dan teknik catat. Metode dan teknik yang digunakan untuk menganalisis data menggunakan metode padan dengan subjenis padan pragmatis. Metode dan teknik yang digunakan untuk menyajikan hasil analisis data adalah metode formal dan informal. Hasil penelitian ini ditemukan ujaran kebencian bentuk memprovokasi, ujaran kebencian bentuk menghasut, ujaran kebencian bentuk menghina, ujaran kebencian bentuk menistakan, ujaran kebencian bentuk pencemaran nama baik, dan ujaran kebencian bentuk penyebaran berita bohong.
This study aimed to (1) classify and analyze the types of utterances of hate speech on Ahmad Dhani Prasetyo's (ADP) Facebook account. The research approaches used in this study were theoretical and methodological approach. This study used a methodical approach in form of a qualitative descriptive method and theoretical approach used a forensic linguistic approach with a scalpel pragmatic analysis. The methods and techniques used in the provision or collection of the data were scrutinizing method by using extracting technique and note-taking technique. The methods and techniques used in analyzing the data used the equivalence method with pragmatic equivalence sub type. The methods and techniques used to present the results of the data analysis were formal and informal methods. In the results of this study, illocutionary utterances of hate speech in form of provoking, illocutionary utterances of hate speech in form of inciting, illocutionary utterances of hate speech in form of insulting, illocutionary utterances of hate speech in form of defamation, illocutionary utterances of hate speech in form of defamation and into utterances of hate speech in form of the false news spreading.
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Da Silva, Albuquerque. "Explorando os dois lados do cérebro: a percepção holística da fala reversa (PHFR) sob a perspectiva forense." Revista Brasileira de Criminalística 8, no. 1 (June 28, 2019): 62–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.15260/rbc.v8i1.348.
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Quando se reverte um sinal de fala, observam-se distorções em vários níveis linguísticos, bem como drásticas mudanças em suas características perceptivas. Informações fonéticas das estruturas segmentais e suprassegmentais são definitivamente perdidas. Contornos de energia e curvas de F0 são revertidas e, como resultado, o conteúdo da enunciação é obscurecido de tal forma que o que resta em nada lembra a língua original onde foram feitos os enunciados. Apesar das distorções, muitos parâmetros são mantidos, como, por exemplo, F0 médio, contorno de F0, valores médios dos formantes, espectro de longo termo e qualidade de voz. De acordo com os resultados da primeira pesquisa internacional sobre práticas de Comparação Forense de Locutor, a frequencia fundamental e a qualidade de voz são os parâmetros suprassegmentais mais usados e, além disso, a qualidade de voz é considerada o parâmetro de maior poder discriminativo. A tarefa de reconhecimento da voz é um processo de interação entre a análise fonétca componencial e uma tarefa de reconhecimento de padrão. Em virtude de se reter parâmetros importantes para tarefa de discriminação sem nenhum benefício de sugestões semanticas ou contextuais, a comparação de amostras reversas de fala é uma tarefa cujos processos psyco – perceptivos subjacentes operam de forma holística . Nesse artigo, abordamos a percepção holística da fala reversa, de acordo com os dados cientificos disponíveis , mostrando que a natureza ambígua desse estímulo, ao manter parametros altamente discriminativos, possibilita o seu uso na etapa perceptiva dos exames de Fonética Forense como procedimento alternativo em testes cegos por agrupamento.AbstractWhen a speech signal is reversed, there are distortions at various linguistic levels, as well as drastic changes in its perceptual characteristics. Phonetic information of the segmental and suprasgmental structures are definitely lost. Energy contours and F0 curves are reversed, and as a result, the content of the enunciation is obscured in such a way that what remains in no way resembles the original language in which the utterances were made.. Despite the distortions, many parameters are maintained, such as F0 average, F0 contour, mean values of formants, long term spectrum and voice quality. According to the results of the first international survey on Forensic Speech Comparison practices, fundamental frequency and voice quality are the most widely used suprassegmental parameters and in addition voice quality is considered the parameter of highest discriminative power for almost the totality of the research participants. The task of voice recognition is a process of interaction between componencial phonetic analysis and a pattern recognition task. Because retaining important parameters for discrimination task with no benefit from semantic or contextual cues, comparison of speech samples is a pattern recognition task whose underlying psycho - perceptual processes operate in a holistic way (Gestalt processing). In this article, we approach the holistic perception of reverse speech, according to available scientific data, showing that the ambiguous nature of this stimulus, by maintaining highly discriminative parameters, can be used in Forensic Speaking Comparison caseworks, as an alternative procedure in blind grouping.
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Garcia‐Romero, Daniel, and Carol Espy‐Wilson. "Speech forensics: Automatic acquisition device identification." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 127, no. 3 (March 2010): 2044. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.3385386.
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Mazur, Ekaterina S., and Tatyana A. Alekseeva. "FORENSIC MEANING OF INDIVIDUAL FEATURES OF ORAL SPEECH." Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta, no. 434 (September 1, 2018): 199–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/15617793/434/27.
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