Academic literature on the topic 'Forensic studies'
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Journal articles on the topic "Forensic studies"
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Gates, Kelly. "Media Evidence and Forensic Journalism." Surveillance & Society 18, no. 3 (2020): 403–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.24908/ss.v18i3.14090.
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This essay engages with the question of surveillance and evidence by considering the use of media forensics in journalistic storytelling. The use of video evidence and other data derived from surveillance systems to assemble investigative news results in a documentary form of what Thomas Levin (2002) calls surveillant narration—a tendency in cinema to treat surveillance thematically while at the same time incorporating it into the structure of the narration itself. If using surveillance as the structure of journalistic narration seems like a natural fit, it is for its aesthetic effect as much as its evidentiary value. Forensic journalism is emerging as one site where media forensics becomes formalized as a product of popular consumption and sense-making, taking its place alongside forensic-themed reality television and fictional crime dramas like CSI, as much as real forensic investigations and legal proceedings.
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Shin, Yeonghun, Sungbum Kim, Wooyeon Jo, and Taeshik Shon. "Digital Forensic Case Studies for In-Vehicle Infotainment Systems Using Android Auto and Apple CarPlay." Sensors 22, no. 19 (2022): 7196. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22197196.
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Vehicle systems have been one of the fastest-growing fields in recent years. Vehicles are extremely helpful for understanding driver behaviors and have received significant attention from a forensic perspective. Extensive forensic research was previously conducted on on-board vehicle systems, such as an event data recorders, located in the electronic control unit or manufacturer-based infotainment systems. However, unlike previous vehicles that used only manufacturer-based infotainment systems, most vehicles today are equipped with infotainment systems such as Android Auto and Apple CarPlay. These in-vehicle infotainment (IVI) systems connect to mobile devices such as smartphones and tablets. The vehicle can periodically communicate with a smartphone and thus a network outside the vehicle. Drivers can use more services in their vehicles than ever before. Accordingly, an increasing number of diverse data are being stored in vehicles, with mobile devices connected to both the vehicle and the cloud. Such data include information that can be of significant help to investigators in solving problems during forensic investigations. Therefore, forensics of IVI systems such as Android Auto and Apple CarPlay are becoming increasingly important. We analyzed various forensic studies conducted on Android Auto and Apple CarPlay. Most of the research was mainly focused on mobile devices connected through a wired USB connection. The use of wireless-based IVI systems has recently been increasing. However, the analysis of Android Auto and Apple CarPlay from this point of view is insufficient. Therefore, we proposed a forensic methodology that fully considers such limitations. A forensic analysis was conducted on various IVI systems. We also developed an IVI system forensics tool that works based on the proposed methodology.
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Greenberg, B. "Forensic Entomology: Case Studies." Bulletin of the Entomological Society of America 31, no. 4 (1985): 25–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/besa/31.4.25.
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Hass, Giselle A. "Forensic Psychological Assessment in Forensic Practice: Case Studies,." Journal of Personality Assessment 99, no. 5 (2017): 556–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00223891.2017.1318889.
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Mikhaleva, Natal’ya V. "Contemporary View on Objects of Environmental Forensics." Theory and Practice of Forensic Science 16, no. 3 (2021): 26–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.30764/1819-2785-2021-3-26-31.
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The article reviews the concept of the object of forensic science, which is essential for expert research and the identification of classes, genera, species, and subspecies of forensic examinations, as well as their classification.The author presents the objects of environmental forensics as generic objects, gives their definition, analyzes their properties and features. It is also shown that the objects of environmental forensics are divided into the actual objects of research and samples for comparative research. Furthermore, the researcher indicates the possible instances of the intersection of studies of environmental forensics’ objects with other examinations. Finally, the author emphasizes the necessity of compliance by a forensic ecologist with the limits of his competence in such cases.
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Macedo, Adriana Amorim Soares, and Inês Leoneza de Souza. "Contribuições do enfermeiro junto segurança pública: enfermagem na abordagem forense." Revista Recien - Revista Científica de Enfermagem 11, no. 35 (2021): 355–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.24276/rrecien2021.11.35.355-364.
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A Enfermagem forense ajuda as vítimas coletando informações, evidências relacionadas com crime, podendo ser a chave para resolvê-lo. Objetivos: Conhecer e divulgar a importância do enfermeiro nessa modalidade. Metodologia: revisão integrativa vinculada ao Trabalho de possibilidades de atuação da enfermagem forense brasileira, na base de dados Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde (BVS), descritores: Maus Tratos, Abuso Sexual e Outras Formas de Violência. Iniciada no Brasil com Associação Brasileira de Enfermagem Forense - Abeforense, Sociedade Brasileira de Enfermagem Forense - SOBEF; Consultadas Fontes: ANA (American Nurses Association) e IAFN (International Association of Forensic Nurses). Resultados: encontrados sete artigos no período 2010-2019. Destaque para pouco conhecimento do enfermeiro na área forense e seu papel como profissional aqui no Brasil. Considerações finais: Poucos estudos de referências no Brasil reforçando a necessidade deste trabalho como proposta de TCC ainda na graduação de enfermagem; sendo, portanto, necessários mais estudos e aprofundamento desta temática.Descritores: Enfermagem Forense, Enfermeiro, Violência. Nurses' contributions to public safety: nursing in the forensic approachAbstract: Forensic nursing helps victims of violence by collecting information and evidence related to a crime, which can be the key to solving it. Objectives: To know Forensic Nursing and disclose the importance of nurses in this modality. Methodology: integrative review linked to the Work of the possibilities of performance of Brazilian forensic nursing, in the Scientific Electronic Library Online database (SciELO) and the Virtual Health Library (VHL), using the descriptors: Maltreatment, Sexual Abuse and Other Forms of Violence. Started in Brazil with the Brazilian Association of Forensic Nursing - Abeforense, the Brazilian Association of Forensic Nursing - SOBEF; Sources consulted: ANA (American Nurses Association) and IAFN (International Association of Forensic Nurses). Results: seven articles were found in the period 2010-2019. With emphasis on the little knowledge of nurses in the forensic area and their role as a professional here in Brazil. Final considerations: Few reference studies in Brazil reinforcing the need for this work as a proposal for CBT even in nursing undergraduate courses; therefore, further studies and further research on this topic are needed.Descriptors: Forensic Nursing, Nurse, Violence. Contribuciones de las enfermeras a la seguridad pública: la enfermería en el enfoque forenseResumen: La enfermería forense ayuda a las víctimas mediante la recopilación de información y pruebas relacionadas con un delito, que puede ser la clave para resolverlo. Objetivos: Conocer y revelar la importancia de las enfermeras en esta modalidad. Metodología: revisión integradora vinculada al trabajo de las posibilidades de desempeño de la enfermería forense brasileña, en la base de datos Biblioteca Electrónica Científica (SciELO) y la Biblioteca Virtual en Salud (BVS), utilizando los descriptores: Maltrato, Abuso Sexual y Otras Formas de Violencia. Comenzó en Brasil con la Asociación Brasileña de Enfermería Forense - Abeforense, la Asociación Brasileña de Enfermería Forense - SOBEF; Fuentes consultadas: ANA (Asociación Americana de Enfermeras) e IAFN (Asociación Internacional de Enfermeras Forenses). Resultados: se encontraron siete artículos en el período 2010-2019. Con énfasis en el poco conocimiento de las enfermeras en el área forense y su papel como profesionales aquí en Brasil. Consideraciones finales: Pocos estudios de referencias en Brasil refuerzan la necesidad de este trabajo como una propuesta para la TCC, incluso en la graduación de enfermería; por lo tanto, se necesitan más estudios e investigaciones adicionales sobre este tema.Descriptores: Enfermería Forense, Enfermero, Violência.
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Quist, Albert. "Digital Forensic Challenges in Internet of Things (IoT)." Advances in Multidisciplinary and scientific Research Journal Publication 1, no. 1 (2022): 119–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.22624/aims/crp-bk3-p20.
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With emerging technology and the connection of electronic devices to the internet, Internet of Things (IoT) has become part of human life. From the development of smartphones to smartwatches and smart-homes, electronic devices now have the capability of performing human activities or aiding humans in performing activities such as turning hall lights on or off with their voice. Although a large number of people use these devices for the greater good, a few individuals or group of people hide behind these devices to perform malicious activities. In order to apprehend and prosecute perpetuators who hide behind smart devices for evil gains, forensic examinations or investigations must be conducted. This review aims to identify digital forensic challenges in IoT. The inclusion criteria for this paper were international journals, articles, conference papers and case studies published from 2019 to 2022. Thematic analysis was used to analyze and synthesis the literature. Three themes emerged from the analysis; automated compromised smart-home tracer; data volatility and reconstruction; IoT forensic investigation framework. This integrative review combines evidence of digital forensic challenges in diverse IoT devices. Keyword IoT forensics, IoT challenges, Digital forensics, Smart-home forensics.
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Virtanen, Viivi, Helena Korpelainen, and Kirsi Kostamo. "Forensic botany: Usability of bryophyte material in forensic studies." Forensic Science International 172, no. 2-3 (2007): 161–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.forsciint.2006.11.012.
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Mishalov, Volodymyr, Viacheslav Voronov, Evhen Kostenko, Valerii Voichenko, and Yaroslava Chykhman. "System design of causality - the methodological premise of objectification forensic expert activity and criminological characteristics of crime." Forensic-medical examination, no. 1 (April 13, 2016): 62–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.24061/2707-8728.1.2016.12.
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The paper highlights aspects of the analysis of causality, which is professional tasks forensics and criminology. The necessity of clarifying logical and philosophical concepts about practical understanding of expert material objectification forensic expert and forensic characteristics of crimes. Exposed to examples of expert practice methodologically incorrect interpretation causes in traumatic processes studied forensic experts and criminologists controversial assessment of events and objects criminological characteristics of crime. Proved unity, connectivity attributes existence as ontological categories of causality, conditionality, cooperation in the forensic diagnosis of in odnozvenevyh and multilink chain models determinations. Showing conceptual differences and at the same time, the organic unity of the concepts of causes and conditions, and financial continuity between causal factors and result in a single causal determination. Rendered explain differences in structural and evolutionary models of deterministic relations and the formation of a complete model of reason in the causation traumatic process. Featured quantitative evaluation of news events and objects criminological characteristics of crime as rational supplement correlation analysis in forensic studies.
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Goel, Rajeev, Deepak Kumar, and Vijay Arora. "Forens(om)ic medicine: omics in forensic medicine." International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 10, no. 2 (2022): 557. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20220309.
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The branch of science informally known as ‘omics’ are various branches in biology whose names end in the suffix omics such as proteomics, metabolomics, genomics, transcriptomics. The studies regarding the role of omics in various branches of medical field have become an upcoming area and its rising trend has been observed in the last decade. Omics has very recently emerged as an uprising field in forensic medicine also which is already known for its great participation with other branches like forensic toxicology, biochemistry, psychiatry, genetics. The use of state- of-the-art omics technologies has been explored in forensic medicine and sciences in establishing post mortem interval, drugs of abuse, intoxication and cause of death. The various forensic studies presently are aiming omics for future prospective. An elementary attempt has been made in this review article to briefly present the role and advantages of omics in forensic medicine. We, hereby, propose to call it forensomic medicine, to draw attention of the forensic professionals to this novel branch of science in order to encourage new studies to be used in medico legal applications.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Forensic studies"
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Yokchue, Tanasiri. "In vitro studies of drug transformations : application to forensic toxicology." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2016. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/7490/.
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The forensic toxicologist faces challenges in the detection of drugs and poisons in biological samples due to transformations which occur both during life and after death. For example, changes can result from drug metabolism during life or from the use of formalin solution for post mortem embalming purposes. The former requires the identification of drug metabolites and the latter the identification of chemical reaction products in order to know which substances had been administered. The work described in this thesis was aimed at providing ways of tackling these challenges and was divided into two parts. Part 1 investigated the use of in vitro drug metabolism by human liver microsomes (HLM) to obtain information on drug metabolites and Part 2 investigated the chemical reactions of drugs and a carbamate pesticide with formalin solution and formalin-blood. The initial aim of part I was to develop an in vitro metabolism method using HLM, based on a literature review of previous studies of this type. MDMA was chosen as a model compound to develop the HLM method because its metabolism was known and standards of its metabolites were commercially available. In addition, a sensitive and selective method was developed for the identification and quantitation of hydrophilic phase I drug metabolites using LC/MS/MS with a conventional reverse-phase (C18) column. In order to obtain suitable retention factors for polar drug metabolites on this column, acetyl derivatives were evaluated for converting the metabolites to more lipophilic compounds and an optimal separation system was developed. Acetate derivatives were found to be stable in the HPLC mobile phase and to provide good chromatographic separation of the target analytes. In vitro metabolism of MDMA and, subsequently, of other drugs involved incubation of 4 µg drug substance in pH 7.4 buffer with an NADPH generating system (NGS) at 37oC for 90 min with addition of more NGS after 30 min. The reaction was stopped at 90 min by the addition of acetonitrile before extraction of the metabolites. Acetate derivatives of MDMA metabolites were identified by LC/MS/MS using multiple reaction monitoring (MRM). Three phase I metabolites (both major and minor metabolites) of MDMA were detected in HLM samples. 3,4-dihydroxy-methamphetamine and 4-hydroxy-3-methoxymethamphetamine were found to be major metabolites of MDMA whereas 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine was found to be a minor metabolite. Subsequently, ten MDMA positive urines were analysed to compare the metabolite patterns with those produced by HLM. An LC/MS method for MDMA and its metabolites in urine samples was developed and validated. The method demonstrated good linearity, accuracy and precision and insignificant matrix effects, with limits of quantitation of 0.025 µg/ml. Moreover, derivatives of MDMA and its metabolites were quantified in all 10 positive human urine samples. The urine metabolite pattern was found to be similar to that from HLM. The second aim of Part 1 was to use the HLM system to study the metabolism of some new psychoactive substances, whose misuse worldwide has necessitated the development of analytical methods for these drugs in biological specimens. Methylone and butylone were selected as representative cathinones and para-methoxyamphetamine (PMA) was chosen as a representative ring-substituted amphetamine, because of the involvement of these drugs in recent drug-related deaths, because of a relative lack of information on their metabolism, and because reference standards of their metabolites were not commercially available. An LC/MS/MS method for the analysis of methylone, butylone, PMA and their metabolites was developed. Three phase I metabolites of methylone and butylone were detected in HLM samples. Ketone reduction to β-OH metabolites and demethylenation to dihydroxy-metabolites were found to be major phase I metabolic pathways of butylone and methylone whereas N-demethylation to nor-methylone and nor-butylone were found to be minor pathways. Also, demethylation to para-hydroxyamphetamine was found to be a major phase I metabolic pathway of PMA whereas β-hydroxylation to β-OH-PMA was found to be a minor pathway. Formaldehyde is used for embalming, to reduce decomposition and preserve cadavers, especially in tropical countries such as Thailand. Drugs present in the body can be exposed to formaldehyde resulting in decreasing concentrations of the original compounds and production of new substances. The aim of part II of the study was to evaluate the in vitro reactions of formaldehyde with selected drug groups including amphetamines (amphetamine, methamphetamine and MDMA), benzodiazepines (alprazolam and diazepam), opiates (morphine, hydromorphone, codeine and hydrocodone) and with a carbamate insecticide (carbosulfan). The study would identify degradation products to serve as markers for the parent compounds when these were no longer detectable. Drugs standards were spiked in 10% formalin solution and 10% formalin blood. Water and whole blood without formalin were used for controls. Samples were analysed by LC/MS/MS at different times from the start, over periods of up to 30 days. Amphetamine, methamphetamine and MDMA were found to rapidly convert to methamphetamine, DMA and MDDMA respectively, in both formalin solution and formalin blood, confirming the Eschweiler-Clarke reaction between amine-containing compounds and formaldehyde. Alprazolam was found to be unstable whereas diazepam was found to be stable in both formalin solution and water. Both were found to hydrolyse in formalin solution and to give open-ring alprazolam and open-ring diazepam. Other alprazolam conversion products attached to paraformaldehyde were detected in both formalin solution and formalin blood. Morphine and codeine were found to be more stable than hydromorphone and hydrocodone in formalin solution. Conversion products of hydromorphone and hydrocodone attached to paraformaldehyde were tentatively identified in formalin solution. Moreover, hydrocodone and hydromorphone rapidly decreased within 24 h in formalin blood and could not be detected after 7 days. Carbosulfan was found to be unstable in formalin solution and was rapidly hydrolysed within 24 h, whereas in water it was stable up to 48 h. Carbofuran was the major degradation product, plus smaller amounts of other products, 3-ketocarbofuran and 3-hydrocarbofuran. By contrast, carbosulfan slowly hydrolysed in formalin-blood and was still detected after 15 days. It was concluded that HLM provide a useful tool for human drug metabolism studies when ethical considerations preclude their controlled administration to humans. The use of chemical derivatisation for hydrophilic compounds such as polar drug metabolites for analysis by LC/MS/MS with a conventional C18 column is effective and inexpensive, and suitable for routine use in the identification and quantitation of drugs and their metabolites. The detection of parent drugs and their metabolites or conversion and decomposition products is potentially very useful for the interpretation of cases in forensic toxicology, especially when the original compounds cannot be observed.
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Tabor, Kimberly Lane. "Succession and Development Studies on Carrion Insects of Forensic Importance." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/11188.
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Forensic entomological field and laboratory studies were conducted to obtain data currently missing or conflicting in the literature. The first goal of this project was to identify and qualitatively assess the major taxa of forensic importance in southwest Virginia. Carcasses of the domestic pig, Sus scrofa L., were placed in field conditions and allowed to decompose until they reached the advanced stage of decay. Over 50 taxa were collected and identified, with Phormia regina, Phaenicia coeruleiviridis, Phaenicia sericata, Calliphora spp., Sarcophaga utilis, Musca domestica, Hydrotaea leucostoma, Stearibia nigriceps, Prochyliza xanthostoma, and Meroplius minutus among the most commonly observed fly species, and Creophilis maxillosus, Platydracus maculosus, Aleochara lata, Oiceoptoma noveboracense, Necrodes surinamensis, and Necrophila americana among the most commonly observed beetle species.
The second objective of this study was to analyze successional patterns of taxa collected and identified in the carrion-insect succession studies. Occurrence matrices were constructed for the successional patterns of insect taxa during 21 sampling intervals in the spring and eight intervals in the summer studies. Permutation analyses of the occurrence matrices showed that the successional patterns of insect taxa were similar between spring 2001 and 2002 (P = 0.001) and between summer 2001 and 2002 (P = 0.007). Results indicated that the successional patterns appear to be typical for the seasonal periods.
The third objective of this study was to analyze the effects of antemortem ingestion of ethanol by pigs on insect successional patterns and development rates. Pigs were dosed with a mixture of 95% ethanol and saline. Blood samples were collected immediately prior to euthanasia. The carcasses then were placed at an open
field site and allowed to decompose. Insect samples were collected from carcasses for ten days post-mortem and the collected data were used to develop occurrence matrices. Permutation analysis to test the null hypothesis of no similarity between successional patterns of taxa from treated and untreated pigs showed that the successional patterns were similar. Loin meat from the carcasses was used as a rearing medium for field development studies of the black blow fly, Phormia regina. Development rates of 3rd instar P. regina maggots feeding on meat from treated pigs were significantly different from development rates of maggots feeding on meat from untreated pigs. No significant differences were detected in 1st and 2nd instars.
Finally, the effect of relative humidity (RH) on egg hatch time and percent hatch rate of Phormia regina and Phaenicia coeruleiviridis was tested using saturated salt solutions. The global ANOVA of mean hatch times and percent hatch was found to be significant for P. regina at 20°C and 30°C and P. coerulieviridis at 20°C among RH levels at á = 0.05. T-test (LSD comparisons) results detected significant differences between some but not all RH levels within all three data series tested. Percent hatch observed varied widely, depending on the RH level. Of the levels tested, the lowest RH where hatch rate was observed was 53% (20°C) for P. coeruleiviridis, where only 1% of the eggs hatched. At 90+% RH, almost all of the eggs hatched for both species.<br>Ph. D.
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鍾灼輝 and Cheuk-fai Bell Chung. "The use of forensic hypnosis in criminal investigation." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2002. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31979300.
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Sallah, David K. "A study of outcomes measures in forensic mental health." Thesis, Aston University, 1999. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/10724/.
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Outcomes measures, which is the measurement of effectiveness of interventions and services has been propelled onto the health service agenda since the introduction of the internal market in the 1990s. It arose as a result of the escalating cost of inpatient care, the need to identify what interventions work and in what situations, and the desire for effective information by service users enabled by the consumerist agenda introduced by Working for Patients white paper. The research reported in this thesis is an assessment of the readiness of the forensic mental health service to measure outcomes of interventions. The research examines the type, prevalence and scope of use of outcomes measures, and further seeks a consensus of views of key stakeholders on the priority areas for future development. It discusses the theoretical basis for defining health and advocates the argument that the present focus on measuring effectiveness of care is misdirected without the input of users, particularly patients in their care, drawing together the views of the many stakeholders who have an interest in the provision of care in the service. The research further draws on the theory of structuration to demonstrate the degree to which a duality of action, which is necessary for the development, and use of outcomes measures is in place within the service. Consequently, it highlights some of the hurdles that need to be surmounted before effective measurement of health gain can be developed in the field of study. It concludes by advancing the view that outcomes research can enable practitioners to better understand the relationship between the illness of the patient and the efficacy of treatment. This understanding it is argued would contribute to improving dialogue between the health care practitioner and the patient.
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Nilsson, Gunnel. "Stability of zopiclone in whole blood : Studies from a forensic perspective." Licentiate thesis, Linköping University, Linköping University, Clinical Pharmacology, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-58997.
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<p>Bio‐analytical results are influenced by in vivo factors like genetic, pharmacological and physiological conditions and in vitro factors like specimen composition, sample additives and storage conditions. The knowledge of stability of a drug and its major metabolites in biological matrices is very important in forensic cases for the interpretation of analytical results. Many drugs are unstable and undergo degradation during storage.</p><p>Zopiclone is a short‐acting hypnotic drug, introduced as a treatment for insomnia in the 1980s. However, this drug is also subject to abuse and can be found in samples from drug‐impaired drivers, recreational drug users and forensic autopsy cases. Zopiclone is analyzed in biological materials using different analytical methods. It is unstable in certain solvents and depending on storage conditions unstable in biological fluids. The aim of this thesis was to investigate the stability of zopiclone in human whole blood and to compare stability between authentic and spiked samples. Interpretation of zopiclone concentrations in whole blood is important in forensic toxicology. The following investigations were performed to study the stability of zopiclone in both spiked and authentic human blood.</p><p>First, different stability tests were performed. Spiked blood samples were stored at –20°C, 5°C and 20°C and the degradation of zopiclone was investigated in long‐ and short‐term stability. Authentic and spiked blood samples were stored at 5°C and differences in zopiclone stability were studied. Processed sample stability and effect of freeze/thaw cycles were also evaluated.</p><p>Second, influence of pre‐analytical conditions on the interpretation of zopiclone concentrations in whole blood was investigated. Nine volunteers participated in the study. Whole blood was obtained before and after oral administration of 2 x 5 mg Imovane®. Aliquots of authentic and spiked blood were stored under different conditions and zopiclone stability was evaluated. In this study, the influence from physiological factors such as drug interactions, matrix composition and plasma protein levels were minimized.</p><p>Analyses of zopiclone were performed by gas chromatography with nitrogen phosphorous detection and zopiclone concentrations were measured at selected time intervals. Degradation product of zopiclone was identified using liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry.</p><p>The first study showed that zopiclone degrades in human blood depending on time and temperature and may not be detected after long‐term storage. The degradation product 2‐amino‐5‐chloropyridine was identified following zopiclone degradation. The best storage condition was at –20°C even for short storage times, because freeze‐thaw had no influence on the results. In butyl acetate extracts, zopiclone was stable for at least two days when kept in the autosampler. However, in blood samples stored at 20°C a rapid decrease in concentration, was noticed. This rapid degradation at ambient temperature can cause an underestimation of the true concentration and consequently flaw the interpretation.</p><p>The second study showed no stability differences between authentic and spiked blood but confirmed the poor stability in whole blood at ambient temperature. The results showed that zopiclone was stable for less than 1 day at 20°C, less than 2 weeks at 5°C, but stable for 3 months at –20°C. This study, demonstrates the importance of controlling pre‐analytical conditions from sampling to analysis to avoid misinterpretation of toxicological results.</p>
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Woods, Phil. "The Behavioural Status Index (BSI) : descriptive studies within a forensic context." Thesis, Anglia Ruskin University, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.300347.
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Lukhozi, Sipho Michael. "Dual obligations in clinical forensic medicine." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/86537.
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Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2014.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This thesis discusses ethical dilemmas faced by district surgeons in South Africa.
District surgeons render clinical forensic services, which means that they deal mainly
with detainees and victims of crime. The main functions of district surgeons are the
collection of forensic evidence from patients and the care of detainees. So the focus
is to assist in the administration of justice rather than improvement of patient
wellbeing.
The district surgeon may therefore find himself in a situation where patients’ interests
are in conflict with those of law enforcement agencies. Being a medical practitioner
in clinical forensic medicine, the district surgeon has an obligation to assist in the
administration of justice, as opposed to the traditional obligation to care for patients
and put patient’s interests first. This allegiance to both administration of justice as
well as patient wellbeing lead to an ethical dilemma of dual loyalties. A dual
obligations presents an ethical dilemma for the district surgeon, especially if they are
in conflict and mutually exclusive. I discuss the detention and subsequent death of
Steve Biko to illustrate how dual obligations can lead to serious human rights
violations and even death.
Dual obligations are however not limited to detainees and police custody settings,
and I demonstrate this by discussing three other scenarios commonly encountered
by district surgeons. There is a lack clear guidance for district surgeons who are faced with a conflict of
obligations. I explore several ethical theories including consequentialism, deontology
and virtue ethics, in search of an ethical framework suitable for resolving conflicts in
clinical forensic medicine. I therefore argue that a duty based ethical framework is
central to clinical forensic medicine and the resolution of loyalty conflicts. I
recommend the resolution of conflicts by using an approach developed by Benjamin
(2006). This approach involves weighing -up the different duties in conflict, applying
philosophical reasoning and then amelioration. By adopting a structured and wellreasoned
ethical framework, district surgeons will be able to deal with conflicts of
obligations better.<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie tesis bespreek etiese dilemmas wat in die gesig gestaar word deur
distriksgeneeshere in Suid-Afrika. Distriksgeneeshere lewer kliniese forensiese
dienste, wat beteken dat hulle handel hoofsaaklik oor die gevangenes en slagoffers
van misdaad. Die belangrikste funksies van distriksgeneeshere is die insameling van
forensiese getuienis van pasiënte, en die sorg van gevangenes. Met hierdie
benadering is die fokus om te help met die administratiewe doeleindes van
geregtigheid, eerder as die verbetering van die pasiënt se welstand.
Die distriksgeneesheer kan hom dus in 'n situasie vind waarby die pasiënte se
belange in konflik is met dié van wetstoepassingsagentskappe. As 'n geneesheer in
kliniese forensiese geneeskunde, het die distriksgeneesheer 'n verpligting om te
help met die administrasie van geregtigheid, in teenstelling met die tradisionele
verpligting om te sorg vir hul pasiënte, en hul welstand eerste te plaas. Hierdie
getrouheid gaan gepaard met beide regspleging, sowel as die welstand van die
pasiënt, wat kan lei tot 'n etiese dilemma van dubbele lojaliteit. Dubbele verpligtinge
bied 'n etiese dilemma vir die distriksgeneesheer, veral as hulle in konflik en
wedersyds uitsluitend is. Ek bespreek die aanhouding en die daaropvolgende dood
van Steve Biko om te illustreer hoe dubbele verpligtinge kan lei tot ernstige skending
van menseregte en selfs die dood.
Dubbele verpligtinge is egter nie beperk tot die gevangenes en polisie-aanhouding
instellings nie, en ek demonstreer dit deur die bespreking van drie ander “scenario's”
wat oor die algemeen eervaar word deur distriksgeneeshere. Daar is 'n gebrek aan duidelike riglyne vir distriksgeneeshere wat 'n botsing van
verpligtinge in die gesig staar. Ek verken verskeie etiese teorieë insluitende
konsekwensialisme, deontologie en deugde-etiek, op soek na 'n etiese raamwerk
geskik vir die oplossing van konflikte in kliniese geregtelike geneeskunde. Ek
argumenteer dus dat 'n pligsgebaseerde etiese raamwerk sentraal is tot kliniese
forensiese geneeskunde, en die resolusie van lojaliteit konflikte. Ek beveel die
oplossing van konflikte deur die gebruik van 'n benadering wat ontwikkel is deur
Benjamin (2006). Hierdie benadering behels 'n gewigsoorweging tussen die
verskillende pligte in konflik, die toepassing van filosofiese redenasie en verbetering. Deur die aanneming van 'n gestruktureerde en beredeneerde etiese raamwerk, sal
distriksgeneeshere dus in staat wees om konflikte van verpligtinge beter te hanteer.
8
Lunt, Nicola. "Applied studies of some Southern African blowflies (Diptera: Calliphoridae) of forensic importance." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006202.
Full textAbstract:
Three major aspects of blowfly (Diptera: Calliphoridae) research were the focus of this study. Firstly, the phylogenetic relationships of 40 oestroid species from a variety of geographical localities were investigated using Cytochrome Oxidase b subunit I (COl) gene sequences. Maximum parsimony (MP) and Jukes-Cantor neighbor-joining (NJ) analyses both extracted a paraphyletic Calliphoridae, with the Calliphorinae-Luciliinae clade being sister to the Sarcophagidae. Short branch lengths within Chrysomya indicate a recent rapid radiation of this genus. Phormia and Protophormia either formed a sister clade to Chrysomya, or were embedded in this genus. Tree topologies were comparable between MP and NJ trees, but the positions of some genera were ambiguous. Secondly, developmental parameters and behaviour were investigated for four southern African species of forensically important blowflies viz. Chrysomya chloropyga, C. putoria, C. megacephala and Lucilia sericata, and ad hoc observations were made for Calliphora croceipalpis, Chrysomya marginalis and the predatory C. albiceps. Choice of oviposition substrate differed between species, mirroring substrate preferences in the field. Sexual dimorphism and dwarfism within a cohort complicated ageing maggots using size, but the use of developmental events (e.g. ecdysis) allowed ages to be determined unambiguously. Separate species status was supported for the previously synonymised C. chloropyga and C. putoria, by differences in maggot behaviour, larval growth rates and temperature optima. The proportion of total development time assigned to each larval instar and pupariation was variable among temperatures, but similar between congeneric species. Thirdly, since a negative linear relationship was found to occur between the developmental constant (K) and developmental zero (D₀) for both Calliphoridae and Sarcophagidae, the potential for predicting physiological parameters of unstudied taxa was investigated. Species and genera of Palaearctic origin generally had high K's and low D₀'s, and the reverse was true for the tropical taxa. It was found that both K and D₀ can be estimated for "unknown" taxa using the Felsenstein's Independent Contrasts (FIC) method of PDTree (Garland et al. 200 I), provided that branch lengths are relatively short and the phylogenetic position of the estimated taxon is unambiguous.
9
Brandes, Sarina. "Near-infrared spectroscopic studies of human scalp hair in a forensic context." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2009. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/30399/1/Sarina_Brandes_Thesis.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
Human hair is a relatively inert biopolymer and can survive through natural disasters. It is also found as trace evidence at crime scenes. Previous studies by FTIRMicrospectroscopy and – Attenuated Total Reflectance (ATR) successfully showed that hairs can be matched and discriminated on the basis of gender, race and hair treatment, when interpreted by chemometrics. However, these spectroscopic techniques are difficult to operate at- or on-field. On the other hand, some near infrared spectroscopic (NIRS) instruments equipped with an optical probe, are portable and thus, facilitate the on- or at –field measurements for potential application directly at a crime or disaster scene. This thesis is focused on bulk hair samples, which are free of their roots, and thus, independent of potential DNA contribution for identification. It explores the building of a profile of an individual with the use of the NIRS technique on the basis of information on gender, race and treated hair, i.e. variables which can match and discriminate individuals. The complex spectra collected may be compared and interpreted with the use of chemometrics. These methods can then be used as protocol for further investigations. Water is a common substance present at forensic scenes e.g. at home in a bath, in the swimming pool; it is also common outdoors in the sea, river, dam, puddles and especially during DVI incidents at the seashore after a tsunami. For this reason, the matching and discrimination of bulk hair samples after the water immersion treatment was also explored. Through this research, it was found that Near Infrared Spectroscopy, with the use of an optical probe, has successfully matched and discriminated bulk hair samples to build a profile for the possible application to a crime or disaster scene. Through the interpretation of Chemometrics, such characteristics included Gender and Race. A novel approach was to measure the spectra not only in the usual NIR range (4000 – 7500 cm-1) but also in the Visible NIR (7500 – 12800 cm-1). This proved to be particularly useful in exploring the discrimination of differently coloured hair, e.g. naturally coloured, bleached or dyed. The NIR region is sensitive to molecular vibrations of the hair fibre structure as well as that of the dyes and damage from bleaching. But the Visible NIR region preferentially responds to the natural colourants, the melanin, which involves electronic transitions. This approach was shown to provide improved discrimination between dyed and untreated hair. This thesis is an extensive study of the application of NIRS with the aid of chemometrics, for matching and discrimination of bulk human scalp hair. The work not only indicates the strong potential of this technique in this field but also breaks new ground with the exploration of the use of the NIR and Visible NIR ranges for spectral sampling. It also develops methods for measuring spectra from hair which has been immersed in different water media (sea, river and dam)
10
Brandes, Sarina. "Near-infrared spectroscopic studies of human scalp hair in a forensic context." Queensland University of Technology, 2009. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/30399/.
Full textAbstract:
Human hair is a relatively inert biopolymer and can survive through natural disasters. It is also found as trace evidence at crime scenes. Previous studies by FTIRMicrospectroscopy and – Attenuated Total Reflectance (ATR) successfully showed that hairs can be matched and discriminated on the basis of gender, race and hair treatment, when interpreted by chemometrics. However, these spectroscopic techniques are difficult to operate at- or on-field. On the other hand, some near infrared spectroscopic (NIRS) instruments equipped with an optical probe, are portable and thus, facilitate the on- or at –field measurements for potential application directly at a crime or disaster scene. This thesis is focused on bulk hair samples, which are free of their roots, and thus, independent of potential DNA contribution for identification. It explores the building of a profile of an individual with the use of the NIRS technique on the basis of information on gender, race and treated hair, i.e. variables which can match and discriminate individuals. The complex spectra collected may be compared and interpreted with the use of chemometrics. These methods can then be used as protocol for further investigations. Water is a common substance present at forensic scenes e.g. at home in a bath, in the swimming pool; it is also common outdoors in the sea, river, dam, puddles and especially during DVI incidents at the seashore after a tsunami. For this reason, the matching and discrimination of bulk hair samples after the water immersion treatment was also explored. Through this research, it was found that Near Infrared Spectroscopy, with the use of an optical probe, has successfully matched and discriminated bulk hair samples to build a profile for the possible application to a crime or disaster scene. Through the interpretation of Chemometrics, such characteristics included Gender and Race. A novel approach was to measure the spectra not only in the usual NIR range (4000 – 7500 cm-1) but also in the Visible NIR (7500 – 12800 cm-1). This proved to be particularly useful in exploring the discrimination of differently coloured hair, e.g. naturally coloured, bleached or dyed. The NIR region is sensitive to molecular vibrations of the hair fibre structure as well as that of the dyes and damage from bleaching. But the Visible NIR region preferentially responds to the natural colourants, the melanin, which involves electronic transitions. This approach was shown to provide improved discrimination between dyed and untreated hair. This thesis is an extensive study of the application of NIRS with the aid of chemometrics, for matching and discrimination of bulk human scalp hair. The work not only indicates the strong potential of this technique in this field but also breaks new ground with the exploration of the use of the NIR and Visible NIR ranges for spectral sampling. It also develops methods for measuring spectra from hair which has been immersed in different water media (sea, river and dam)
Books on the topic "Forensic studies"
1
Stojanowski, Christopher M., and William N. Duncan, eds. Studies in Forensic Biohistory. Cambridge University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/9781139683531.
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Garvin, Heather M., and Natalie R. Langley. Case Studies in Forensic Anthropology. Edited by Heather M. Garvin and Natalie R. Langley. CRC Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429436987.
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3
Tully, Ruth J., and Jennifer Bamford, eds. Case Studies in Forensic Psychology. Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429505720.
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DiLisi, Gregory A., and Richard A. Rarick. Case Studies in Forensic Physics. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-02086-5.
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Tully, Ruth J., and Jennifer Bamford. Further Case Studies in Forensic Psychology. Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003213116.
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Hard evidence: Case studies in forensic anthropology. 2nd ed. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey, 2009.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Forensic studies"
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DiMaggio, John A., and Wesley Vernon. "Case Studies in Forensic Podiatry." In Forensic Podiatry. Humana Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-61737-976-5_8.
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Hall, David W. "Case Studies in Forensic Botany." In Forensic Botany. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119945734.ch10.
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Gallanti, Fabrizio. "Forensic architecture." In The Routledge Handbook of Reenactment Studies. Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429445637-16.
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Krause, Benno, Kim-Kwang Raymond Choo, and Nhien-An Le-Khac. "PyBit Forensic Investigation." In Studies in Big Data. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-16127-8_5.
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Julian, Roberta, Loene Howes, and Rob White. "History of forensic science." In Critical Forensic Studies. Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429505782-2.
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Bennewith, Helen, and Eileen Murray. "Forensic mental health." In Dietetic and Nutrition Case Studies. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119163411.ch25.
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Julian, Roberta, Loene Howes, and Rob White. "The professionalisation of forensic science." In Critical Forensic Studies. Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429505782-4.
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Julian, Roberta, Loene Howes, and Rob White. "Public understandings of forensic science." In Critical Forensic Studies. Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429505782-3.
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Julian, Roberta, Loene Howes, and Rob White. "The effectiveness of forensic science." In Critical Forensic Studies. Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429505782-11.
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Julian, Roberta, Loene Howes, and Rob White. "The theory and practice of critical forensic studies." In Critical Forensic Studies. Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429505782-1.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Forensic studies"
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McDermott, John F. "Preliminary Evaluations Orienting Forensic Studies." In Second Forensic Engineering Congress. American Society of Civil Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40482(280)33.
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Mlakar, P. F., J. C. Ray, and V. P. Chiarito. "Corps of Engineers Forensic Studies." In Sixth Congress on Forensic Engineering. American Society of Civil Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784412640.047.
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Peraza, David B. "Snow-Related Roof Collapses—Several Case Studies." In Second Forensic Engineering Congress. American Society of Civil Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40482(280)61.
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Delatte, Norbert J. "Using Failure Case Studies in Civil Engineering Education." In Second Forensic Engineering Congress. American Society of Civil Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40482(280)46.
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Fasl, Jeremiah D., and Carl J. Larosche. "Double-Tee Repairs: Three Case Studies." In Eighth Congress on Forensic Engineering. American Society of Civil Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784482018.065.
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Liu, Rui, Navid Nastar, Tara Cavalline, et al. "Failing Forward—Construction Failure Case Studies." In Eighth Congress on Forensic Engineering. American Society of Civil Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784482018.093.
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Cavalline, Tara L., Laura E. Sullivan-Green, Rui Liu, et al. "Failure Case Studies of Concrete Structures." In Ninth Congress on Forensic Engineering. American Society of Civil Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784484548.070.
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Clemente, Kurt, and Erling Hesla. "Two electrical forensic engineering case studies." In 2014 IEEE/IAS 50th Industrial & Commercial Power Systems Technical Conference (I&CPS). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icps.2014.6839163.
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Rens, Kevin L., H. James Royston, and Matthew L. LaCome. "Temporary Bracing Failures during Construction (Fact or Fiction): Case Studies." In Second Forensic Engineering Congress. American Society of Civil Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40482(280)69.
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French, Warren R. "Case Studies of Roofing and Cladding Failures Involving Internal Pressurization." In Fifth Forensic Engineering Congress. American Society of Civil Engineers, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/41082(362)2.
Full textReports on the topic "Forensic studies"
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Duffy-Turner, M., I. M. Nettleton, M. G. Winter, and I. Webber. Forensic Examination of Critical Special Geotechnical Measures: Soil Nails Information Note. TRL, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.58446/eprl1160.
Full textAbstract:
The effective design, specification and construction of Special Geotechnical Measures (SGMs) is critical to the efficient operation of the National Highways Strategic Road Network (SRN). Given the required performance of the SRN in terms of resilience, reliability, redundancy and recovery it is essential that SGMs are themselves reliable in terms of performance and life; resilient to external conditions such as earthworks deterioration and extraordinary conditions (e.g. climate change). Around 100 different types of SGMs are used on the SRN and the early installations of some SGMs are approaching the end of their design life and the design, specification and application of many of these techniques is based on limited studies. This Information Note on Soil Nails is part of a series that reports on investigations of specific SGMs and makes recommendations on their future use
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Paparazzoa, Ersilia, Vincenzo Lagani, Silvana Geracitano, et al. An ELOVL2 based epigenetic clock for forensic age prediction: a systematic review. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.12.0006.
Full textAbstract:
Review question / Objective: To develop an easy, robust and improved blood-based age prediction model using ELOVL2 promoter methylation data. Eligibility criteria: All studies with the aim of understanding the relationship between the ELOVL2 methylation levels and age written in English language, carried out in humans and providing a publicly available dataset will be included in the systematic review. Articles that did not include original research (e.g., review, opinion article or conference abstract) and for which methylation analysis will be carried out using a technology different from the pyrosequencing in tissues different form blood will be excluded from further analyses.
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Jones, Nicole S., and John Grassel, eds. 2022 Firearm and Toolmarks Policy and Practice Forum. RTI Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2022.cp.0014.2204.
Full textAbstract:
The National Institute of Justice (NIJ) and the Forensic Technology Center of Excellence, an NIJ program hosted a four-day symposium, January 11–14, 2022. The symposium included presentations and panel discussions on topics relevant to recent advances in firearm and toolmark examination with a focus on the future. The symposium brought together 685 criminal justice processionals to explore implementation of three-dimensional (3D) imaging technologies, best practices for forensic examination of firearm and toolmark evidence, federal initiatives, gun crime intelligence, black box studies on firearm and toolmark examination, legal challenges to the admissibility of current examination of firearm and toolmark evidence and engineering solutions that will be used in court in the future, implementation of Organization of Scientific Area Committee (OSAC) standards and reporting, uniform language in testimony and conclusion scales. The panel discussions and presentations and provided examples of how agencies implement new imaging technologies for firearms and toolmark examination, incorporate statistics to add weight to forensic comparisons, address legal issues, and operationalize forensic intelligence to improve public safety and share information with the justice community. The symposium also provided a platform to discuss a series of considerations for the forensic, law enforcement, and greater criminal justice community that could help support a successful national transition to incorporate statistics in forensic testimony and accelerate the adoption of imaging technologies for firearm and toolmark examination.
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Nic Daeid, Niamh, Heather Doran, Lucina Hackman, and Pauline Mack. The Curse of the Burial Dagger Teacher Materials. University of Dundee, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.20933/100001220.
Full textAbstract:
The Curse of the Burial Dagger is an interactive graphic novel murder mystery, created by the Leverhulme Research Centre for Forensic Science and digital story studio Fast Familiar. Players use maths, logic and critical reasoning skills to assist Susie uncover different types of forensic evidence and weigh up contrasting hypotheses. Can they uncover the events leading up to Lord Hamilton’s death and deduce how he died…before the curse strikes again? These documents are the Teacher/Group lead pack which contain additional resources including: • The Teacher/Group Lead Pack – Teacher walk through – Factsheet – What is Forensic Science? – Factsheet – What is a hypothesis? – Marzipan Calculation – Factsheet and activity – Fingerprint Analysis – Activity – Chromatography investigation • Printable completion certificate • Printable Note paper and fact-sheet