Dissertations / Theses: 'Forest biodiversity conservation – Benin'

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Ewedje, Eben-Ezer. "Biologie de la reproduction, phylogéographie et diversité de l'arbre à beurre Pentadesma butyracea Sabine, Clusiaceae: implications pour sa conservation au Bénin." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209647.

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Pentadesma butyracea Sabine est l’une des quatre espèces du genre Pentadesma endémique de l’Afrique. Elle est distribuée de la Sierra Léone au Gabon dans deux grands types d’habitats :les forêts denses humides discontinues du domaine guinéo-congolais (Haute- et Basse-Guinée) et le domaine soudanien du couloir sec du Dahomey (assimilé à une barrière à l’échange de gènes et d’espèces entre les deux blocs guinéo-congolais). Dans ce dernier, l’espèce se retrouve dans des galeries forestières et occupe une place capitale dans le développement socio-économique des communautés locales en raison des multiples biens et services que procurent ses produits (alimentation, médecine et pharmacopée traditionnelle, etc.). Cependant, des pressions d’origines multiples, telles que le ramassage des graines pour fabriquer du beurre, la fragmentation de l’habitat et sa destruction en faveur du maraîchage, les pratiques culturales inadaptées, les incendies, font peser de lourdes menaces sur l’espèce.Le but de ce travail est d’acquérir les connaissances requises pour la conservation et la gestion durable des ressources génétiques de l’espèce. Trois objectifs ont été définis :(i) étudier la phylogéographie de l’espèce, (ii) étudier sa variabilité morphologique et génétique au Bénin et (iii) caractériser sa biologie de reproduction. En amont de ces travaux, nous avons développé onze marqueurs microsatellites nucléaires chez P. butyracea (chapitre 2). Ils ont été utilisés pour l’étude de la phylogéographie et la diversité génétique de P. butyracea (chapitres 3 et 5), ainsi que pour étudier la dépression de consanguinité et les paramètres de son système de reproduction (chapitre 7).La caractérisation de la répartition spatiale des lignées génétiques de régions intergéniques de l’ADN chloroplastique et de l’ADN ribosomal (ITS) a détecté deux lignées génétiques allopatriques entre le Haut et le Bas-Guinéen, indiquant une forte différenciation génétique et un signal phylogéographique. L’analyse des microsatellites détecte trois pools géniques correspondant aux trois régions étudiées (Haute Guinée, Dahomey Gap et Basse Guinée). La diversité génétique est faible dans le Dahomey Gap, modérée dans le Haut-Guinéen et élevée dans le Bas-Guinéen. Ces résultats indiquent une séparation très ancienne des populations d’Afrique centrale et d’Afrique de l’ouest, alors que celles du Dahomey Gap pourraient résulter des forêts denses humides de l’Afrique de l’ouest lors de la période Holocène humide africaine. Dans ce couloir sec, les populations ont subi une forte dérive génétique, potentiellement due à des évènements de fondation. Au Bénin, deux groupes éco-morphologiques ont été détectés suivant un gradient nord-sud, contrastant avec deux pools géniques présentant une distribution est-ouest. P. butyracea est une espèce auto-compatible majoritairement allogame. La corrélation de paternité est plus élevée aux niveaux intra-fruit vs. inter-fruits, et au sein d’une population de petite taille vs. de grande taille. Les principaux pollinisateurs au Bénin sont deux oiseaux (Cyanomitra verticalis, Cinnyris coccinigastrus) et trois abeilles (Apis mellifera, Meliponula togoensis, Hypotrigona sp.). La productivité totale en fruits augmente en fonction de l’âge de l’arbre et varie en fonction de l’année, atteignant un pic pour les arbres ayant un diamètre de 60-80 cm. Les graines sont récalcitrantes et ont une teneur en eau de 42.5 ± 2.9 %. L’analyse des paramètres de reproduction et de diversité génétique, associés aux facteurs écogéographiques, nous a permis de proposer un échantillon de neuf populations représentatives de la diversité à l’échelle du Bénin, dans la perspective d’une conservation in situ. Le succès de celle-ci dépendra des efforts conjugués des communautés locales, de la recherche forestière et de la définition d’un cadre législatif par le politique pour la protection des habitats. La conservation ex situ est envisagée sous forme d’un verger rassemblant diverses origines, présentant l’intérêt supplémentaire de permettre d’étudier les contributions de la diversité génétique et de la plasticité phénotypique à la variation phénotypique. / Pentadesma butyracea Sabine is one of the four species of the endemic genus Pentadesma in Africa. The species is distributed from Sierra Leone to Gabon in two major types of habitats: the discontinuous and dense Guineo-Congolian rainforests (Upper and Lower Guinea) and the Sudanian domain of the dry corridor of Dahomey (considered as a barrier to the exchange of genes and species between Upper and Lower Guinea). In the latter, the species is found in gallery forests and plays a vital role in the socio-economic livelihood of local communities due to the various resources and services that provide its products (food, medicine and traditional, etc.). However, pressure from many sources including the collection of seeds to make butter, habitat fragmentation and its destruction for market gardening, inadequate agricultural practices, fires, are serious threats to the species.The aim of this work was to acquire appropriate knowledge for the conservation and sustainable management of genetic resources of the species. Three objectives were defined (i) study the phylogeography of the species; (ii) evaluate its morphological and genetic variability in Benin; and (iii) characterize its reproductive biology. In a preliminary work, eleven nuclear microsatellite markers of P. butyracea were developed (Chapter 2). They were used for the study of phylogeography and genetic diversity of P. butyracea (chapters 3 and 5), and to study the inbreeding depression and parameters of its breeding system (Chapter 7).The characterization of the genetic lineages and their spatial distribution using intergenic regions from chloroplast DNA and ribosomal DNA (ITS) region detected two allopatric genetic lineages between Upper and Lower Guinea, indicating a high genetic differentiation and a phylogeographic signal. Microsatellite markers allowed us to detect three genepools matching with the three studied regions (Upper Guinea, Dahomey-Gap and Lower Guinea). Genetic diversity was low in the Dahomey Gap, moderate in Upper Guinea and high in Lower Guinea. These results indicate an ancient separation of populations from Central and West Africa, while those from Dahomey Gap could originate West African rainforests (Upper Guinea) during the African humid Holocene period. In this dry corridor, populations experienced high genetic drift, possibly due to founding events. In Benin, two eco-morphological groups were detected following a north-south gradient, contrasting with two gene pools presenting an east-west distribution.Pentadesma butyracea is a self-compatible, mainly allogamous species. The correlation of paternity was higher within-fruit vs. among-fruits, and in population of small size vs. large size. The main pollinators in Benin are two birds (Cyanomitra verticalis, Cinnyris coccinigastrus) and three bees (Apis mellifera, Meliponula togoensis, Hypotrigona sp.). Total productivity in fruit increases with tree age and varies yearly, reaching a peak for trees of 60-80 cm of diameter class. Seeds are recalcitrant (i.e. they cannot be conserved at low temperature), having a water content of 42.5 ± 2.9% at maturity.The analysis of reproduction and genetics parameters, associated with eco-geographic factors, enabled us to select nine populations representative of the diversity in Benin, from the perspective of in situ conservation. The success of the latter will depend on combined efforts of local communities, forest research and an adequate legislative framework for the protection of habitats. Ex situ conservation is envisaged as an orchard assembling various origins, and would have the additional advantage of allowing to study the contribution of genetic diversity and phenotypic plasticity to phenotypic variation. Doctorat en Sciences info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

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Perhans, Karin. "Cost-efficient conservation strategies for boreal forest biodiversity /." Uppsala, Sweden : Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2008. http://diss-epsilon.slu.se/archive/00001772/.

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Thesis (doctoral)--Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2008. Thesis documentation sheet inserted. Includes appendix of reprints of five papers and manuscripts co-authored with others. Includes bibliographical references. Also partially issued electronically via World Wide Web in PDF format; online version lacks appendix of papers.

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Batagoda, B. M. S. "Valuing rainforests : a botanical and ethnobotanical study of non-timber forest products in the Sinharaja forest of Sri Lanka." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.267276.

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This study seeks to investigate whether the biodiversity conservation of the Sinharaja rainforest in Sri Lanka can be economically justified solely in terms of its non-timber forest products (NTFPs) extraction potential as claimed by some recent research. A variety of methods and techniques were deployed including a botanical inventory survey, a crosssectional ethnobotanical survey, an ethnobotanical log-book survey and an ethnozoological survey. Several aspects relating to the NTFPs use: a) valuing the total inventory stock, the total extractable stock limit, the potential flow and actual flow; b) estimating the wild meat flow; c) seasonality of harvesting; d) sustainability issues; e) influence of phytosociological characteristics; f) influence of socio-economic characteristics; and g) forest accessibility; and h) market accessibility were investigated. Biophysical and socio-economic factors influencing the NTFPs value were investigated using a regression analysis. The impact of the NTFPs extraction on the regeneration of the natural population was investigated using three forest sites, a proximal site, a distant site, and a logged forest. The local peoples' perception about the sustainability of NTFPs harvesting was analysed using logit regression analysis. A geographic information system was used to investigatet he influenceo f accessibilityt o the forest and to the marketplace from the villages on the forest products flow. Finally, the NTFPs value was compared with alternative land-clearance use and timber use values. The results indicate that the NTFPs extraction value is insufficient on its own to economically justify the rainforest biodiversity conservation in Sri Lanka, and perhaps elsewhere. There is also some doubt about the long term sustainability of forest products extraction. The study concludes that the rainforest conservation will have to be justified by a full total economic value (use and non-use values) appraisal, together with other scientific and ethical reasoning and cannot be promoted solely on the basis of non-timber extraction value.

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Dorma, Candice. "Achieving biodiversity conservation objectives, a case study of Canada's forest industry." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ57533.pdf.

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Uliczka, Helen. "Forest biodiversity maintenance : instruments and indicators in the policy implementation /." Uppsala : Dept. of Conservation Biology, Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences, 2003. http://epsilon.slu.se/s291.pdf.

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Macdonald, Fraser Ross. "Parks, people, and power: the social effects of protecting the Ngel Nyaki Forest Reserve in eastern Nigeria." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Sociology and Anthropology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/978.

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The thesis outlines the impacts produced on local indigenous people by the protection of the Ngel Nyaki Forest Reserve in Taraba State, eastern Nigeria. After locating my work in various fields of literature and providing detailed background information on the area in which I conducted my fieldwork and the people who inhabit that area, I proceed onto the core of my thesis, which is two-fold. Firstly, I outline the impacts produced on the local people who inhabit the settlements surrounding the reserve. I elucidate the social, cultural, psychological, economic, and residential impacts of protecting the reserve. Second, I show how local people have adapted to these profound impacts. I show that they have negotiated the effects in various ways, including migration, livelihood diversification and shifting economic dependencies.

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Sawathvong, Silavanh. "Participatory land management planning in biodiversity conservation areas of Lao PDR /." Umeå : Dept. of Forest Resource Management and Geomatics, Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences, 2003. http://epsilon.slu.se/s267.pdf.

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Carvalho, Mariana Bastos. "Hunting and conservation of forest pigeons in São Tomé (West Africa)." Doctoral thesis, ISA/UL, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/9265.

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Doutoramento em Biologia - Instituto Superior de Agronomia On the island of São Tomé, four endemic species of fruit pigeons are hunted as food and/or as an economic resource. This thesis intended to collect and analyze the baseline data required for the management of pigeons, which take into account their importance as a resource but also their overall conservation value. For this, I used a combination of biological and social sampling methods. The results show that harvest of endemic pigeons is performed predominantly for commercial purposes by a small and specialized group of hunters, but is also widely practiced opportunistically by most hunters and rural inhabitants. The hunting pressure on the two least abundant species already determines their patterns of distribution and abundance, and their extraction is probably unsustainable. Harvesting of the most hunted species is potentially sustainable, but more research is essential to the definition of measures to manage the species. Only one species is not commercially hunted and exploitation for subsistence is sustainable. The conservation of the species on the long term requires the development of specific measures; it is essential to promote legal restrictions on hunting and trading, to search for economic alternatives for bird hunting and define strategies of education / awareness of consumers FCT - PhD grant and the I&D project “Endemic pigeons of São Tomé: developing science-based conservation and sustainable use of African pigeons”

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Shaw, Gordon W. "Oak regeneration in former crop fields in the Missouri river floodplan /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p1426103.

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Dias, Filipe Eduardo Parreiras Silva. "The role of forest certification for the conservation of biodiversity and sustainability of cork oak woodlands." Doctoral thesis, ISA-UL, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/12021.

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Doutoramento em Engenharia Florestal e dos Recursos Naturais - Instituto Superior de Agronomia - UL Sustainable forest management is crucial for the conservation of biodiversity and ecosystem services. Forest certification (FC) is a market-based conservation tool based on third-party auditing of compliance with environmental and socio-economic sustainable management standards. Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) certification is a major certification scheme covering 183 million hectares of forests worldwide. However, there is a dearth of quantitative data on the effects of FSC certification on forest conservation. In this thesis the effects of FSC certification on the conservation cork oak (Quercus suber) woodlands of southern Portugal were evaluated. Specifically it was analyzed 1) if, at the regional level, certified cork oak woodlands overlap with areas with high biodiversity value (birds, reptiles and amphibians); 2) the effects of certification on the ecological condition of Mediterranean streams crossing cork oak woodlands and 3) the effects of FSC conservation zones on the abundance of cork oak regeneration and on the diversity of the shrubland understorey. Finally, 4) the FSC concept of “High Conservation Value Areas” and Pareto optimality were used to study the existence of areas with high biodiversity value (threatened bird and reptile species) that also provide ecosystems services (carbon storage and aquifer recharge). Results suggest that FSC certification 1) started in cork oak woodlands whose biodiversity value is not significantly greater than that of non-certified areas; 2) the ecological condition of Mediterranean streams crossing certified cork oak woodlands is significantly higher than that of streams crossing non-certified cork oak woodlands; 3) establishing FSC conservation zones promotes cork oak regeneration and diversity of understory shrublands and 4) there are large areas of cork oak woodlands with high biodiversity value that also provide ecosystems services

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Juutinen, A. (Artti). "Biodiversity conservation in forestry: essays on the economics of site selection." Doctoral thesis, University of Oulu, 2005. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9514279190.

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Abstract The purpose of this thesis is to investigate the economics of biodiversity maintenance in boreal forests. From the many tasks available in forest management to improve biodiversity maintenance, the focus is on the lengthening of forest rotation and strict protection, i.e., protected areas. Accordingly, the analysis basis on two different models named forest rotation model and site selection model. Moreover, both socially optimal and cost-effective conservation are considered. The data consists of 32 old-growth stands from northern Finland. The four studies of this dissertation provide evidence of the non-negligible economic consequences of taking biodiversity services into account along with timber production in the forest management. Study I shows that theoretically the optimal management of initial stands involves three alternatives: immediate clear cutting, delayed harvesting, and protection. Moreover, the numerical analysis reveals that taking into account the biodiversity services along with timber production results in considerably longer optimal rotation than in pure timber production management. Delayed harvesting is the most common option for socially optimal management of old-growth forests. However, the integrated approach results also in strict protection of some stands. Study II compares alternative approaches, named integrated, ecological and penny pincher selection, for selecting forest reserves. It suggests the integrated selection leads to 9–19% higher conservation cost-efficiency than the other selections. The integrated selection takes into account both the economic value and ecological features of the stands as the other selections focus only on one of these aspects. It seems also that the xeric forest type may be under-represented in the current old-growth forest preservation network in the studied region. Study III analyses the performance of alternative biodiversity indicators used in the selection of protected areas. It shows that the use of indicators likely results in a loss of species and, therefore, a complete species inventory is necessary if the goal is to maintain all species in the landscape. However, the use of indicators seems to be an economically more efficient practice than to execute a large species survey for habitat protection. Study IV examines the relative merits of alternative biodiversity conservation targets for forestry, which give different weights to species according to their conservation status and assumed population persistence. Also, socially optimal conservation is solved as a benchmark by maximizing the benefits from timber production and biodiversity services. According the results it is optimal to protect 16 out of 32 stands. Alternative conservation goals give different characters in terms of benefit-cost tradeoffs. More specifically goals relying on complementarity between protected stands result in great marginal costs at a high conservation level.

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Whitman, Karie L. "Improving Conservation Outcomes in a Biodiversity Hotspot: Alternative Agriculture Techniques in Maromizaha Forest, Madagascar." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1493822021804859.

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Schultz, Courtney Allison. "Cumulative effects analysis in U.S. Forest Service decision-making." Diss., [Missoula, Mont.] : The University of Montana, 2009. http://etd.lib.umt.edu/theses/available/etd-06102009-101714.

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Tacconi, Luca. "The process of forest conservation in Vanuatu : a study in ecological economics /." [Canberra : s.n.], 1995. http://www.library.unsw.edu.au/%7Ethesis/adt-ADFA/public/adt-ADFA20041111.140928/index.html.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of New South Wales. Photocopy of original held in Defence Academy Library, University College, University of New South Wales. Includes bibliographical references. Also issued online.

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Whitworth, Andrew William. "Conservation value, biodiversity value and methods of assessment in regenerating and human disturbed tropical forest." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2016. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/7426/.

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Although the value of primary forests for biodiversity conservation is well known, the potential biodiversity and conservation value of regenerating forests remains controversial. Many factors likely contribute to this, including: 1. the variable ages of regenerating forests being studied (often dominated by relatively young regenerating forests); 2. the potential for confounding on-going human disturbance (such as logging and hunting); 3. the relatively low number of multi-taxa studies; 4. the lack of studies that directly compare different historic disturbances within the same location; 5. contrasting patterns from different survey methodologies and the paucity of knowledge on the impacts across different vertical levels of rainforest biodiversity (often due to a lack of suitable methodologies available to assess them). We also know relatively little as to how biodiversity is affected by major current impacts, such as unmarked rainforest roads, which contribute to this degradation of habitat and fragmentation. This thesis explores the potential biodiversity value of regenerating rainforests under the best of scenarios and seeks to understand more about the impact of current human disturbance to biodiversity; data comes from case studies from the Manu and Sumaco Biosphere Reserves in the Western Amazon. Specifically, I compare overall biodiversity and conservation value of a best case regenerating rainforest site with a selection of well-studied primary forest sites and with predicted species lists for the region; including a focus on species of key conservation concern. I then investigate the biodiversity of the same study site in reference to different types of historic anthropogenic disturbance. Following this I investigate the impacts to biodiversity from an unmarked rainforest road. In order to understand more about the differential effects of habitat disturbance on arboreal diversity I directly assess how patterns of butterfly biodiversity vary between three vertical strata. Although assessments within the canopy have been made for birds, invertebrates and bats, very few studies have successfully targeted arboreal mammals. I therefore investigate the potential of camera traps for inventorying arboreal mammal species in comparison with traditional methodologies. Finally, in order to investigate the possibility that different survey methodologies might identify different biodiversity patterns in habitat disturbance assessments, I investigate whether two different but commonly used survey methodologies used to assess amphibians, indicate the same or different responses of amphibian biodiversity to historic habitat change by people. The regenerating rainforest study site contained high levels of species richness; both in terms of alpha diversity found in nearby primary forest areas (87% ±3.5) and in terms of predicted primary forest diversity from the region (83% ±6.7). This included 89% (39 out of 44) of the species of high conservation concern predicted for the Manu region. Faunal species richness in once completely cleared regenerating forest was on average 13% (±9.8) lower than historically selectively logged forest. The presence of the small unmarked road significantly altered levels of faunal biodiversity for three taxa, up to and potentially beyond 350m into the forest interior. Most notably, the impact on biodiversity extended to at least 32% of the whole reserve area. The assessment of butterflies across strata showed that different vertical zones within the same rainforest responded differently in areas with different historic human disturbance. A comparison between forest regenerating after selective logging and forest regenerating after complete clearance, showed that there was a 17% greater reduction in canopy species richness in the historically cleared forest compared with the terrestrial community. Comparing arboreal camera traps with traditional ground-based techniques suggests that camera traps are an effective tool for inventorying secretive arboreal rainforest mammal communities and detect a higher number of cryptic species. Finally, the two survey methodologies used to assess amphibian communities identified contrasting biodiversity patterns in a human modified rainforest; one indicated biodiversity differences between forests with different human disturbance histories, whereas the other suggested no differences between forest disturbance types. Overall, in this thesis I find that the conservation and biodiversity value of regenerating and human disturbed tropical forest can potentially contribute to rainforest biodiversity conservation, particularly in the best of circumstances. I also highlight the importance of utilising appropriate study methodologies that to investigate these three-dimensional habitats, and contribute to the development of methodologies to do so. However, care should be taken when using different survey methodologies, which can provide contrasting biodiversity patterns in response to human disturbance.

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Ekpe, Edem Kodzo. "Livelihoods support programs, conservation attitudes, and tropical biodiversity: an evaluation of biocomplexity in southeastern Ghana." Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2012. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/5193.

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Human activities are a major driver of biodiversity degradation and loss, especially in tropical forest areas, where forest-fringe towns and villages depend on the forests for their livelihoods. In order to reduce threats that human activities pose to biodiversity, livelihoods support programs are employed as economic incentives for biodiversity conservation. These programs support the livelihoods activities of local communities, with the aim of triggering favorable attitudes and behaviors towards conservation, and ultimately reduce biodiversity degradation. Their effectiveness as conservation tools has not been evaluated. I investigated the effects of livelihoods programs on conservation attitudes and the consequent effects on biodiversity in the Afadjato-Agumatsa and Atewa forest areas in southeastern Ghana. The study areas are coupled human and natural systems, which are excellent for research in the theoretical framework of biocomplexity in the environment. Using literature reviews and field visits, I documented the specific livelihoods support activities (LSAs) used for biodiversity conservation, their historical trend and geographical distribution in Ghana. I used ex-post cost-benefit analysis to determine socio-economic estimates of the LSAs in the two forest areas. Since communities were not randomly assigned to the interventions, I employed quasi-experimental design to evaluate the effects of LSAs on environmental attitudes. I evaluated the effect of conservation attitudes on biodiversity at two levels. These levels included 1) functional biodiversity at the landscape level represented by mean Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) of forest; and 2) compositional biodiversity at the species level represented by species diversity of fruit bats. The earliest record of LSAs used for biodiversity conservation in Ghana was in 1993. I identified 71 different activities belonging to eight categories. Some of these activities are beekeeping, animal husbandry, crop farming, and snail rearing. Most LSA programs have been in northern Ghana. There was an increasing tendency to make LSAs part of every conservation program in Ghana and this satisfies the current policy of collaborative conservation. The socio-economic estimates of LSAs included: 1) capital investment; 2) net socio-economic benefits; and 3) the benefit-cost ratio. The per-community values of the three estimates were not different between the two study areas. The per capita values of capital investment and net economic benefit were not significantly different between the two study areas. However, benefit-cost ratio per capita was higher in Afadjato-Agumatsa than in Atewa. Estimates of economic returns from LSAs were marginal but the perceptions of success were relatively high. Environmental attitudes in LSA communities and non-LSA communities were not significantly different, and this was confirmed by an estimate of infinitesimal effects of LSAs on forest conservation attitudes. Among LSA communities, benefit-cost ratio of LSAs predicted favorable forest conservation attitudes; and change in pro-conservation attitudes were significantly higher in communities that had active LSAs than in communities which had no active LSA. Mean NDVI of the forests decreased from 1991 to 2000 and decreased further but at a slower rate to 2010. Higher forest conservation attitudes predicted higher mean NDVI in 2010. Higher change in mean NDVI from 1991 to 2000 predicted higher change in mean NDVI from 2000 to 2010. Eleven of the 13 fruit bat species in Ghana were recorded in the study areas. Longer distances between a local community and its forest predicted higher species diversity of forest-specialist fruit bats. The results indicate that LSAs have become a major contribution to Ghana's current collaborative forest policy. The fact that perceptions of LSA success were moderate even though the economic returns from them were marginal suggest that other factors such as provision of employment, training in new skills and community cohesion played a part in how communities viewed the success as LSAs. Evaluations of conservation attitudes suggest that just participating in LSAs did not improve attitudes; but higher benefit-cost ratio predicted favorable conservation attitudes, and conservation attitudes were higher in communities that sustained their LSAs. Therefore, it may serve biodiversity conservation to invest in LSAs that can be sustained and involve the least costs to local communities. Primary production of the forests, a proxy for a functional habitat, continued to decrease. Preventing communities from locating closer to forests could improve fruit bat diversity, which contributes to natural forest regeneration. Improving conservation attitudes should be an objective of conservation at the landscape scale. On the basis of the results, I developed a conceptual model for forest biodiversity conservation in a biocomplexity framework. This model could be useful for evaluating conservation in tropical forest areas. Lessons from this study can be applied in other incentive-based conservation programs such as payments for ecosystem services systems and carbon market schemes. I suggest that this study be repeated after a decade and that other socio-political and biogeochemical variables be integrated into future studies. ID: 031001519; System requirements: World Wide Web browser and PDF reader.; Mode of access: World Wide Web.; Adviser: Charles Ross Hinkle.; Title from PDF title page (viewed August 19, 2013).; Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Central Florida, 2012.; Includes bibliographical references (p. 238-259). Ph.D. Doctorate Biology Sciences Conservation Biology; Applied Conservation Biology

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Shrestha, Sushma. "Global Localism at the Manaslu Conservation Area in the Eastern Himalaya, Nepal: Integrating Forest Ecological and Ethnobotanical Knowledge for Biodiversity conservation." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1386003054.

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Powers, Ryan Paul. "Integration of remote sensing and spatial conservation prioritization approaches for aiding large-area, multi-jurisdictional biodiversity conservation in Canada’s boreal forest." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/52903.

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Remote sensing is an important complementary data source to enable cost effective monitoring and mapping of biodiversity indicators over large extents in a consistent and repeatable manner. As such, remote sensing is capable of supporting the information needs of modern biodiversity conservation efforts. However, a number of critical challenges and opportunities deserve greater attention. The aim of this research is to advance the use of remote sensing and other geospatial techniques for large-area, multi-jurisdictional conservation of Canada’s boreal forest. Outcomes of this dissertation contributed to progress in each of four research themes: (i) assessing biodiversity across broad areas, (ii) identifying areas of high conservation priority (iii) evaluating the efficacy of current and hypothetical reserve networks, and (iv) incorporating future vegetation variability in conservation planning. The overall research findings indicate the tremendous capacity of the Canadian boreal forest to provide suitable areas for conservation investment and demonstrate the usefulness of these coarse-scale approaches for guiding ongoing research aimed at boreal conservation planning. Key findings included: (a) Reserves that were restricted to only intact forest landscapes were less flexible and efficient (more costly), (b) Reserves using accessibility (distance from road and human settlement) as a cost surrogate were able to satisfy a range of conservation targets and compactness levels while remaining remote from human influence, (c) Reserves (≥1000 km2; <10000 km2) were relatively less variable, (d) Climate change impacts (estimated vegetation productivity variability) greatly influences the cost of reserve networks and the amount of area required to meet conservation targets, (e) Conservation of more sites spread across locations with higher variable vegetation probability values, yet low cost (wilderness areas), proved most efficient, and (f) Reserve networks optimized under “current” or “least change (B1)” conditions are unlikely to maintain their current representative targets in 2080 Forestry, Faculty of Graduate

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Guo, Xuan. "Using airborne lidar to map habitat structure and connectivity across Alberta's managed forest for biodiversity conservation." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/63266.

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Vegetation structure is an important biodiversity indicator providing biological and physical environment that supports and maintains forest biodiversity. The airborne lidar (Light Detection and Ranging) systems have the advantage of directly measuring three-dimensional vegetation structure, and have been widely used in wildlife habitat mapping and species distribution modeling at the local scales. As lidar data are increasingly compiled into broad spatial coverage, the development of structural inventory and indicators to categorize habitat types and identify important patches would be beneficial to regional-level conservation planning and biodiversity monitoring. However, this area of research has not been adequately explored. Large-area mapping of critical habitat patches is also a fundamental step towards modeling habitat connectivity. Quantification and dynamic modeling of habitat connectivity under long-term influence of land cover change events provide insights into forest management and conservation planning, and including climate change constraints into the modeling framework also helps maintain ecosystem integrity and improve conservation effectiveness. Therefore, the objectives of this thesis are to 1) characterize vegetation structure and identify important habitat patches with critical structural traits using regional lidar dataset, and 2) build habitat networks to model connectivity dynamics under land cover change events. To do this, first, a novel approach using cluster analysis to process large-area lidar data into categorical classes representing natural groupings of habitat structure was applied to derive eight unique structure classes in the managed forested area in Alberta, Canada. Second, the structure classes indicating high levels of structure complexity combined with Landsat-derived forest cover types were used to identify important habitat patches to develop habitat networks. Lastly, spatial prioritization schemes based on different aspects of connectivity and climate constraints were generated and implemented through scenario-based simulations of land cover change events. Connectivity dynamics through the simulations were assessed and compared between scenarios. The result showed that the conservation strategies considering both habitat area and habitat spatial configuration were best at maintaining habitat connectivity, and taking climate constraints into consideration didn’t affect overall connectivity. Overall, this research provides an integrated approach to characterize habitat structure using large-area lidar data for dynamic connectivity modeling following land cover change simulations. Forestry, Faculty of Graduate

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Carlson-Drexler, Kjarstin Alane. "Microburst Damage Assessment and Forest Composition Reconstruction After Hurricane Isabel in the College Woods, Williamsburg, VA." W&M ScholarWorks, 2012. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539626929.

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Kribel, Jacob Robert George. "Long Term Permanent Vegetation Plot Studies in the Matoaka Woods, Williamsburg, Virginia : Establishment and Initial Data Analysis of Plots Established with the North Carolina Vegetation Survey Protocol, Resampling of Single Circular Plots and a Comparison of Results from North Carolina Vegetation Survey Protocol and Single Circular Plot Methods." W&M ScholarWorks, 2003. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539624378.

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Kefa, Christopher Amutabi. "Assessing the Impacts of Bioenergy Extraction and Human Land Use of the Biodiversity of Kakamega Tropical Rainforest, Kenya." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1465254368.

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Phalan, Benjamin Timothy. "Land use, food production, and the future of tropical forest species in Ghana." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2010. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/245197.

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Agriculture is arguably the greatest threat to tropical forest species. Conservation scientists disagree over the relative importance of two opposing strategies for minimising this threat: enhancing on-farm biodiversity, through wildlife-friendly farming practices, or sparing land for nature by using high-yielding farming methods on the smallest possible area to reduce the need to convert natural habitats. Previous theoretical work shows that understanding the relationship between population density and yield for individual species is crucial for determining whether one of these strategies, or a mixed strategy, will maximise their populations for a given food production target. In this thesis, I aim to identify what land-use strategy will permit increases in food production with least impact on species in the forest zone of Ghana. Farm-fallow mosaic landscapes with shifting cultivation and native canopy trees produced only around 15% as much food energy per hectare as the highest-yielding oil palm plantations. In farm mosaics where perennial tree crops dominate, food production and profits were higher, but did not reach those of oil palm plantations. I surveyed birds and trees in forest, farm mosaic, and oil palm plantation, and combined these data with information on yields to assess the likely consequences of plausible future scenarios of land-use change. My results provide evidence of a strong trade-off between wildlife value and agricultural yield. Species richness was high in low-yielding farming systems, but there was considerable turnover between these systems and forests, with widespread generalists replacing narrowly endemic forest-dependent species. Species most dependent on forest as a natural habitat, those with smaller global ranges and those of conservation concern showed least tolerance of habitat modification. For virtually all species, including even widespread generalists, future land-use strategies based on land sparing are likely to support higher populations of most species and minimise their risk of extinction compared to land-use strategies based on wildlife-friendly farming. If food production is to increase in line with Ghana‘s population growth, a combination of efforts to improve forest protection and to increase yields on current farmed land is likely to achieve this at least cost to forest species. Efforts to better protect forests, which require further restrictions on human use, might be most effective if they can be closely linked to support for farmers to improve their yields. In the long term however, this strategy will only delay and not avert biodiversity loss, unless global society can limit its consumption.

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Roberge, Jean-Michel. "Umbrella species as a conservation planning tool : an assessment using resident birds in hemiboreal and boreal forests /." Uppsala : Dept. of Conservation Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2006. http://epsilon.slu.se/200684.pdf.

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Fassbender, Sabrina. "Forest Conservation and the Hadzabe. An integrated approach in protecting biodiversity and cultural diversity. Case study: Carbon Tanzania." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-307228.

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Preventing emissions from deforestation is propagated as an effective strategy to combat climate change. At the same time forest landscapes are habitat to the last remaining traditional societies of this planet. For a long time forest conservation programs neglected the role of these indigenous communities for forest landscapes. Historical ecology pushes a change of environmental narratives towards an understanding that biocultural diversity has had and will have a significant impact on resource use and on the transformation of landscapes. A growing number of debates on global environmental justice and poverty alleviation goals call for such an integrated approach in protecting biodiversity and cultural diversity when conserving forest landscapes. Although this topic is discussed, there is a gap in scientific literature on how such an approach can actually be implemented in practise. This paper examines how the dual-objective of forest conservation and protection of cultural diversity can be achieved in practise by applying a case study of a conservation project, Carbon Tanzania. Carbon Tanzania is operating in an area in northern Tanzania inhabited by one of the few remaining hunting and gathering societies on the planet, the Hadzabe. Carbon Tanzania conservation project issues carbon credits which can be bought by companies, organisations and individuals to offset their emissions. Interviews with the different actors have been conducted in the course of the research project in order to examine how Carbon Tanzania’s ‘community-led project’ contextualizes the dual objective of protecting forests and the Hadzabe culture. The results show that the implementation of the project is facilitated through an integrated network of different actors and organisations. Critical for the operations in the area is secured land ownership and a binding land use plan in order to protect the area from external pressure and to manage the utilization of the landscape by the different communities within the area. Payments for ecosystem services generate benefits for the local forest community and support community development. This form of ‘productive’ land utilization offers a path in changing development narratives for African countries.

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Begehold, Heike. "Impact of naturalness-promoting beech forest management on the forest structure and the diversity of breeding birds." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2017. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-224738.

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Currently, existing European beech forests (Fagus sylvatica L.) are scarce and fragmented across vast parts of their potentially natural distribution. About 25 % of the global range of beech forests is located in Germany. Thus, Germany has a particular responsibility to integrate biodiversity conservation aspects into beech forest use. In this thesis, the influence of naturalness-promoting management on forest structure and breeding birds was investigated – in comparison to management without a biodiversity focus (different management) and forests sites that have been unmanaged for different periods of time (recently: unmanaged for 14-32 years as of 2012, and long-term: unmanaged for 65 years or since at least 1900). With a total area of 714 ha, 22 study sites located in the northeastern part of Germany were studied. Forest structure was studied using forest development phases (FDPs), which divide the forest life cycle into different periods. FDPs are characterized by a defined combination of five structural parameters such as canopy cover, diameter at breast height, tree height, regeneration cover and deadwood amount. FDPs were mapped during the winters of 2012 and 2013 according to a dichotomic decision tree. Breeding bird abundances were determined in 19 study sites and each study site was mapped 10 times between March and July of the same years using a territory mapping method. FDP patterns such as proportions, patch sizes, distances between patches of the same FDP, evenness, FDP transition within a decade and transition diversity, as well as bird abundances and development of bird densities within a decade were analyzed. Study sites under naturalness-promoting management differ clearly from differently managed sites and they are comparable or develop similarly to (long-term) unmanaged stands regarding FDP patterns. This also applies for the composition of the breeding bird community and the development of breeding bird species within a decade. The effect of naturalness-promoting management within the last decade is strong as evidenced by: significant decreases in FDP patches in size, the development of FDP richness towards a complete set; the comparability of transition proportion and transition diversity with long-term unmanaged sites (for former gaps, regeneration phase, early-, mid- and late optimum phase as well as disintegration phase); the higher total abundances of all breeding birds as compared with differently managed and recently unmanaged sites; and the highest number of increasing bird species amongst all management types. Further, the occurrence of breeding birds is linked to FDPs. On the one hand, the breeding bird community has a strong preference for FDPs of later-stages such as the terminal and disintegration phases. On the other hand, every bird species has its own set of preferred and avoided FDPs and every FDP has several bird species preferring it. Thus, a complete set of all FDPs at small scale is necessary for the habitat requirements of birds inhabiting beech forests. In conclusion, 1) the positive impact of naturalness-promoting management on forest biodiversity is already detectable after a decade and 2) FDPs are a suitable indicator can be used as an innovative indicator for monitoring the impact of forest management on biodiversity.

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Weibull, Henrik. "Bryophytes on boulders : diversity, habitat preferences and conservation aspects /." Uppsala : Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences (Sveriges lantbruksuniv.), 2000. http://epsilon.slu.se/avh/2000/99-3371261-6.pdf.

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Deakin, Elizabeth Louise. "Impacts of land-use intensification on forest remnants embedded within production landscapes." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Biological Sciences, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/8712.

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Agricultural expansion has transformed and fragmented natural forest habitats at an alarming rate, and dramatic increases in agricultural intensification have since taken place in order to keep pace with human population growth and food demands. This simultaneously poses a considerable threat to biodiversity in agricultural landscapes, as production land is now one of the largest terrestrial biomes on the planet. Therefore, its contribution to biodiversity conservation is critical. Links between the intensification of agricultural systems and ‘in situ’ declines of biodiversity on farmland have been well documented. However, despite growing recognition that system inputs such as fertiliser and livestock can move or ‘spillover’ into adjacent natural habitats, there has been no direct quantification of the extent of impacts in recipient ecosystems. These abiotic and biotic pathways can cause dramatic impacts on the diversity, composition, and functioning of remaining natural ecosystems, and on their ability to provide a variety of essential ecosystem services. Due to concerns regarding future food security, balancing trade-offs between agriculture and conservation has subsequently become a hot topic in ecological research. However, without any direct quantification of the off-site ecological impacts of agricultural intensification in mosaic landscapes, it is inherently difficult to fully evaluate strategies aimed at balancing production and conservation. Using New Zealand farming systems as a case study, this thesis aims to address gaps in our current understanding of how increasing agricultural intensification impacts biodiversity in native forest remnants embedded within production landscapes. The first main chapter explores whether the magnitude of ecological impact in forest remnants (for a suite of 26 response measures) and severity of edge effects, scale with the degree of land-use intensity in surrounding agricultural pastures. This chapter also examines whether ecological responses differ in remnants ‘spared’ for conservation purposes (i.e. where livestock are excluded by fencing). The second chapter uses a model food-chain approach native to New Zealand, to test whether nutrient spillover from agricultural pastures influences plant-herbivore and herbivore-parasitoid interactions in forest remnants. This chapter also includes a large-scale common garden fertilisation experiment using the same tri-trophic system, which was established to examine bottom-up multi-trophic responses to the independent and combined effects of Nitrogen (N), Phosphorus (P) and cow dung and urine. The third main chapter uses a novel stable isotope approach for quantifying community-wide incorporation of resources into trophic structure. I test for the first time whether increasing intensity of farming systems drives greater nutrient spillover spatially into adjacent forest remnant soils and examine scaling effects of 15N (as a marker for anthropogenic N) through multiple trophic levels. Beyond finding that agricultural land-use intensity generally has negative off-site effects on biodiversity, the key findings of this thesis were (i) spillover of nitrogen and phosphorus from agricultural systems into adjacent remnant soils is exacerbated by increases in land-use intensity, with (ii) percolating bottom-up effects on plant and insect community dynamics. (iii) The magnitude of ecological impacts in forest remnants scales linearly with increasing land-use intensity, as does (iv) direct anthropogenic N enrichment across multiple trophic levels, which has the potential to severely jeopardise the stability of ecologically important remnant habitats. (v) Although there were stark structural differences in remnants with and without livestock exclusion, impacts of land-use intensity on ecological response metrics were actually comparable across all sites. (vi) Livestock exclusion should be a priority first step towards conserving native forest remnants, however it should be recognised that fencing does not prevent abiotic channels of nutrient spillover (fertiliser drift, overland flow, leaching) in land characteristic of land spared for nature. (vii) Consequently, increasing land-use intensity compromises the effectiveness of the land-sparing trajectory for conserving native biodiversity, which is currently undertaken in New Zealand production systems. Given the overall strength of these findings and the novel, ecosystem-wide and landscape-scale approaches taken to address fundamental questions, the work in this thesis greatly enhances our knowledge of the relationships between agricultural productivity and ecological impacts in spatially-coupled ecosystems. This is highly important, not only in New Zealand but worldwide, as it is anticipated that unstoppable human population growth and food security pressures will cause ecological impacts both on the farm and in adjacent natural ecosystems to become even more severe. Therefore, determining the relationship between land-use intensification and biodiversity loss represents the cornerstone of sustainable agricultural development in the future.

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Wilson, Michael Daniel. "Distribution, Abundance, and Home Range of the Whip-poor-will (Caprimulgus vociferus) in a Managed Forest Landscape." W&M ScholarWorks, 2003. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539626403.

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Gkaraveli, Anthi G. "Forest conservation, expansion, restoration and management in a National Park : modelling ecology, suitability, biodiversity priorities, temporal and climate change using GIS and spatial data." Thesis, Bangor University, 2002. https://research.bangor.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/forest-conservation-expansion-restoration-and-management-in-a-national-park--modelling-ecology-suitability-biodiversity-priorities-temporal-and-climate-change-using-gis-and-spatial-data(76501537-4b60-449a-98a0-24a08d971599).html.

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When maintaining the biodiversity and ecological integrity of forests is a goal of management, a primary requirement is to assess the status, condition, conservation value of each forest, and change in forest conditions over time. GIS procedures were used here to compare different map-based surveys and look in detail at changes in woodlands of the Snowdonia National Park, North Wales, from 1970 to 2000. The maps from the 1970s and 1980s generated by Silsoe College did not compare well with the map from the 1990s produced by the Forestry Commission and no meaningful changes could be measured. This was attributed to difficulties with comparison of different interpretations and classification schemes used by the two organisations. A series of landscape surveys using the same minimum mapping unit, classification scheme, and methodology in general is needed. The potential changes in broadleaved and scrub woodland area were modelled based on the two most extreme climate change scenarios, termed the Low and High scenarios. Temperature and rainfall models formed the basis for logistic regressions of woodland type and distribution. A declining trend in probability of presence for both woodland types from the present sites was shown under the UKCIP98 High climate change scenario. The results emphasized the conceptual difficulties in using fragments of woodland within the realised niche rather than the fundamental niche as the basis for environmental modelling of plant community distributions. GIS based models were generated to address the key question in the biodiversity action plan process of where should new woodland be created or plantations restored. Ecological criteria were developed to identify the priority areas for native woodland expansion taking into account of the requirements for successful woodland expansion from the nature point of view and specific policy aims. The results were interesting and suggested that there is ample land potentially suitable in Snowdonia for new native woodland. The models could be used to aid decision-making for new native woodland in the National Park. A further extension of GIS-based modelling was developed for the prediction of individual NVC types and BAP priority woodland types. The environmental spaces occupied by the fragments of NVC woodland types currently present in Snowdonia were defined and used as templates to produce maps of potentially suitable sites for the occurrence of each NVC type. The results were not as clear-cut as had been hoped because of overlaps in the predicted occurrences of various woodland types. Independent verification of the predictions using non-spatial data for 24 sites revealed that the model produced was very poor. This was not, however, a fault of the modelling but a reflection of the fact that some of the environmental data were at too coarse a scale and that NVC types are not solely determined by environmental factors. In spite of some weaknesses in the data, the use of GIS for modelling these scenarios proved useful. Nowadays, forest policies in Wales, Europe and elsewhere are changing rapidly to meet modified global, national, and local objectives. GIS is, and will increasingly be so, proving to be a useful and flexible tool for translating forest policy into practical application on the ground.

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Briñas, Garcia Berta. "Mapping and identification of hotspot areas for biodiversity and ecosystem services in cork oak woodlands of southern Portugal." Master's thesis, ISA/UL, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/8313.

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Mestrado Erasmus Mundus: Mediterranean Forestry and Natural Resources Management (MEDfOR) - Instituto Superior de Agronomia Cork oak woodlands or montados are ecosystems of high conservation and socio-economic importance. The present work aimed at 1) identifying and mapping biodiversity and Ecosystem Services in main area of distribution of cork oak montado in Southern Portugal 2) assessing how the distribution of these conservation values relates with the distribution of the network of classified areas and 3) assessing how the distribution of identified conservation values relates with the area of cork oak montado under forest certification. I mapped biodiversity values (presence of species of amphibians, reptiles and threatened birds) and Ecosystem Services (carbon storage and aquifer recharge rates) within the study area. For achieving this I used the open source Q-GIS 2.0.1. software together with the open access online geographic information system WebGIS Hotspot Areas for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (HABEaS: www.habeas-med.org). With the exception of Natura 2000 sites the distribution of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services is largely not coincident with that of classified areas. In relation to forest certified areas, these are presently covering a significant area of cork oak montados where biodiversity values and Ecosystem Services overlap

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Zimmerman, Kathryn. "Sustaining biological diversity in managed sub-boreal spruce landscapes residual habitat strategies for cavity nesting species /." Connect to this title online, 1998. http://www.nlc-bnc.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ62505.pdf.

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Oliveira, Ana Beatriz Lacerda de. "Presença ou ausência do Callithrix aurita em fragmentos de mata atlântica: formando uma estratégia de conservação da biodiversidade para o Município de Sapucaia -RJ - Brasil." Master's thesis, ISA/UTL, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/5466.

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Mestrado em Gestão e Conservação de Recursos Naturais - Instituto Superior de Agronomia The Atlantic Forest is one of the biomes with the highest biodiversity in the world. Included among the 25 global hotspots due to its endemism, has today, 35% of plant species in Brazil, and many of these species are threatened with extinction. Compared to other countries and even other continents will, the biodiversity of the Atlantic Forest region is of global importance, being essential to their conservation. Brazil has the greatest diversity of World monkeys (48%), and, most endemic country, 2/3 of this amount occurring in the Atlantic Forest. Due to its wild habitat, have suffered great pressure by fragmentation in Atlantic Forest region, restricting habitats of populations to small fragments. The present study consists of a survey of presence and absence of Callithrix aurita, it is a species of primate rare, vulnerable and endemic Atlantic Forest. The importance of this survey is due to the current situation of the Atlantic Forest biome, particularly in the type of vegetation in the region studied, semideciduous forest, where there are the greatest deforestation for agricultural purposes and pasture due to climate, soil type, and other anthropogenic such as property market and building industries. Another factor that was considered is the presence of invasive species as Callithrix jacchus and Callithrix penicillata. The study was conducted in the state of Rio de Janeiro, the city of Sapucaia in the district of Vila Nossa Senhora Aparecida. We evaluated 11 fragments which registered the presence of Callithrix aurita in 8 of these fragments. To assist, we used the method play-back and questionnaires with residents and local workers. The council has a large agricultural exploration, and a total lack of environmental planning by local government. With the results of this survey, along with historical data collected, it was found that the municipality has a high environmental value. Even with the vulnerable status of the species, and its rarity, it is present in 70% of the fragments studied, and no record of invasive species, becoming fundamental to implementing a conservation plan, with the support of the public and society. The objective of this survey is to assist in defining priority areas for future creation of conservation units, using Callithrix aurita as flagship species, assisting in the work of environmental education and public awareness, exploring the potential tourist, historical, religious, among others the municipality for a better environment and a better quality of life for the region's population.

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Joubert, Lize. "Biodiversity value of grassland ecological networks in afforested areas, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/6465.

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Thesis (MSc)--University of Stellenbosch, 2011. ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The current biodiversity crisis requires creative initiatives for mitigating further biodiversity loss. The use of ecological networks (ENs) is such an initiative. The South African forestry industry recognizes that there is loss of biodiversity at the smaller patch scale, while attempting to mitigate this loss at the landscape scale by implementing largescale ENs. The aim of this study was to determine how representative grassland biodiversity in ENs are of similar habitat in a nature reserves (NR). The study was conducted in the northeast of the KwaZulu-Natal Province, adjacent iSimangaliso Wetland Park, which is a natural World Heritage site. A systematic approach compared a wide range of taxa, namely plants, decomposition macrofungi, vertebrates (birds and large mammals) and faunal manifestations (e.g. molehills, dung and ant nests) between the EN and nature reserve, while controlling for differences in disturbance regime. Species richness was compared using Mann-Whitney U tests, while differences in species composition were determined using Correspondence Analyses, Multi-Dimensional Scaling and Analyses of Similarity. Grassland ENs had significantly less plant species. In addition, there were differences in plant and fungi species composition. Differences were probably caused by (1) degree of isolation i.e. proximity to source habitat patches in the surrounding matrix, and (2) habitat quality. Habitat quality was determined by local disturbance regimes (e.g. grazing and fire) and plantation-induced drought for plants, and size and amount of coarse woody debris for fungi. In addition, significant differences in abundances of mole hills (NR>EN) and small mammal burrows (EN>NR) might have had an effect on succession and regeneration of plant communities. There were differences in plant species composition between grassland EN and that at the adjacent nature reserve. However, differences between EN and NR were small when compared to differences between habitat types at the landscape spatial scale. It is concluded that grassland ENs among forestry plantations contribute to biodiversity conservation in the commercially-productive landscape. This approach to land use planning should be explored for other commercial land uses. AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die huidige biodiversiteitskrisis vereis kreatiewe strategieë om ‘n verdere verlies in biodiversiteit te bekamp. Ekologiese Netwerke (EN’e) is een voorbeeld van sulke kreatiewe strategieë. Die Suid Afrikaanse bosbou-industrie erken die verlies in biodiversiteit wat kenmerkend in plantasies gevind word. Implementering van grootskaalse EN’e kan egter die verlies aan biodiversiteit, wat in plantasies ondervind word, temper. Die doel van hierdie studie was om vas te stel hoe goed biodiversiteit in grasveld EN’e soortgelyke habitat in ‘n nabygeleë natuurreservaat verteenwoordig. Die studie was uitgevoer in die noordooste van KwaZulu-Natal, langs iSimangaliso Wetland Park wat ‘n wêrelderfenisgebied is. Ons het ‘n stelselmatige benadering gevolg waartydens ‘n wye verskeidenheid taksa, naamlik plante, makro-fungi, vertebrate (groot soogdiere en voëls) en tekens van diere-aktiwiteit (bv. miersneste, dieremis en molshope), in die EN vergelyk is met die van ‘n natuurreservaat terwyl ons vir verskillende versteuringe gekontrolleer het. Spesiesrykheid is vergelyk met Mann-Whitney U toetse terwyl verskille in spesiessamestelling vasgestel is met Correspondence Analyses, Multi-Dimensional Scaling en Analyses of Similarity. Daar was ‘n statisties beduidende verskil in die hoeveelheid spesies tussen grasveld EN’e en die natuurreservaat. Grasveld EN’e het minder plant spesies gehad. Boonop was daar verskille in die samestelling van plant en fungi gemeenskappe. Verskille was waarskynlik veroorsaak deur (1) isolasie of die hoeveelheid nabygeleë habitatbronne in die omliggende omgewing, en (2) habitat kwaliteit. Habitat kwaliteit word bepaal deur versteuringe (bv. brand en beweiding) en die uitdrogingseffek van plantasies vir plante, en die hoeveelheid en grootte van growwe houtagtige puin vir fungi. Daar was ook beduidende verskille in die hoeveelheid molshope (NR>EN) en klein soogdier gate (EN>NR), wat moontlik ‘n effek kon hê op suksessie en herstel van plantgemeenskappe. Daar was verskille in plantspesiessamestelling tussen grasveld EN’e en die van die langsliggende natuurreservaat. Hierdie verskille was egter klein wanneer dit vergelyk word met die verskille tussen verskillende soorte habitatte in die landskap. Daarom kom ons tot die gevolgtrekking dat grasveld EN’e tussen bosbouplantasies bydra tot die bewaring van biodiversiteit in kommersiële landskappe. Hierdie benadering tot grondgebruik behoort verder verken te word vir ander kommersiële bosbou en boerderypraktyke.

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Ngouhouo, Poufoun Jonas. "Livelihoods strategies, deforestation and biodiversity conservation : a micro econometric analysis using rural households survey in the Tridom transboundary conservation landscape." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LORR0324/document.

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Cette thèse examine les principaux déterminants des stratégies de subsistance des ménages ruraux. Elle cherche à comprendre comment ces stratégies impactent la déforestation à petite échelle et la conservation de la biodiversité suivant une approche paysagère. A partir d’une base de données unique obtenue grâce à une enquête en face-à-face auprès d’un échantillon représentatif de 1035 ménages dans le paysage transfrontalier de conservation du Trinational Dja-Odzala-Minkébé (Tridom-TCL)-Bassin du Congo, cette thèse vise à répondre à trois questions et s’organise en trois chapitres. Le premier chapitre analyse "comment les ménages autochtones et locaux formulent leurs préférences parmi les stratégies et moyens d’existence” à l’aide d’un model Probit autorégressif spatial. Le deuxième chapitre examine "comment et à quelle amplitude ces stratégies impactent la déforestation à petite échelle" à l’aide d’un modèle de décalage spatial. Compte tenu de la nature des interactions entre les ménages et de la faune, de leurs principales activités, le troisième chapitre examine "les préférences des ménages pour la conservation des éléphants de forêt” à l’aide des modèles à variable qualitatives limitées.Les actifs financiers (transfert d’argent et emprunts), la distance au marché, les dommages résultant des conflits homme-éléphant et l’ethnicité, plus précisément, l’autochtonie comptent parmi les facteurs déterminants des choix de stratégies de subsistance des ménages ruraux dans le Tridom-TCL. Nous montrons en outre que l’intensité de déforestation des ménages varie significativement en fonction de ces stratégies de subsistance. Par conséquent, les engagements en faveur de la réduction de la déforestation peuvent être favorisés par une bonne prise en compte des facteurs qui gouvernent les choix des modes de subsistance opérés par les ménages. Ils peuvent également être favorisés par la prise en compte les interactions entre ménages ainsi que leur localisation dans le paysage. En effet, nous trouvons qu’il existe des effets d’imitation, dans la décision de déforestation, entre les ménages d’un même voisinage, avec des effets spatiaux indirects susceptibles d’amplifier la déforestation à petite échelle.Les solutions transversales, aux trois questions abordées dans cette thèse, en faveur d’un paysage durable devraient viser l’optimisation des compromis entre les stratégies de subsistance des ménages, les forêts et/ou les habitats naturels de la faune. Les décideurs devraient, par exemple, procéder à l’intégration des corridors de mobilité de grands mammifères dont les éléphants de forêt, dans des zones à forte concentration de la faune et loin des espaces communautaires afin de réduire le risque de conflits hommes-faune This thesis investigates the key drivers of rural households’ choices of livelihoods, and how these choices impact forest clearing and biodiversity conservation under a landscape approach. Using a novel and unique database obtained from a face-to-face survey with a representative sample of 1035 households in the Dja-Odzala-Minkébé trinational transboundary conservation landscape (Tridom-TCL)- Congo basin , this PhD thesis address three main questions investigated in three chapters. Using a spatial probit model, the first chapter investigates “how do local and indigenous households formulate their preferences among livelihoods strategies?” Using a spatial lag model, the second chapter investigates “how and how much do these livelihoods strategies, given wildlife constrains such as human-wildlife conflicts, impact smallscale deforestation?” Using corner solution models, the third chapter investigates "how the nature of the interactions among households and wildlife, the households’ main activities as well as their land holdings impact their willingness to pay to prevent endangered forest elephant extinction?”Among other, we find that livelihoods strategies are determined by autochthonous status, financial assets (money transfer and access to loan), distance to market and larger crop losses resulting from human-wildlife conflicts. Further, we show that livelihoods strategies are important for deforestation. Therefore, the commitments to reducing small-scale deforestation may be favored by a good consideration of factors that drive households’ livelihoods strategies. We find out that spatial issues seem to be important. Proximity among households yields spatial shift effects and spatial spillover effects that are likely to amplify small-scale deforestation. We also argue that, cross-cutting solutions towards a sustainable landscape considering these three crucial issues involve optimizing trade-off between households’ livelihoods strategies, forest and the natural habitats of fauna. Therefore, the issues of community land security, of where natural habitat is needed and of how it should be managed are at the core of the problem. For example, decision-makers should proceed with the integration of large mammals mobility corridors far away from the community settlements in order to enhance zero-conflict-oriented elephant habitats; corridors should be consistently placed relatively to high elephant-concentration zones without crossing into zones with denser human populations

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Shumi, Dugo Girma [Verfasser], and Jörn [Akademischer Betreuer] Fischer. "Woody plant biodiversity conservation and ecosystem services in the forest-agriculture mosaic of southwestern Ethiopia / Girma Shumi Dugo ; Betreuer: Jörn Fischer." Lüneburg : Universitätsbibliothek der Leuphana Universität Lüneburg, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1195215835/34.

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Shumi, Dugo Girma Verfasser], and Jörn [Akademischer Betreuer] [Fischer. "Woody plant biodiversity conservation and ecosystem services in the forest-agriculture mosaic of southwestern Ethiopia / Girma Shumi Dugo ; Betreuer: Jörn Fischer." Lüneburg : Universitätsbibliothek der Leuphana Universität Lüneburg, 2019. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:luen4-opus-145707.

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Lazdinis, Marius. "Connecting social and ecological systems : towards an integrated toolbox for assessment of forest policy implementation /." Uppsala : Dept. of Conservation Biology, Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences, 2004. http://epsilon.slu.se/s315.pdf.

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Dan, Bai. "Etudes écologique, floristique, phytosociologique et ethnobotanique de la forêt marécageuse de Lokoli (Zogbodomey – Bénin): Ecological, floristic, phytosociological and ethnobotanical studies of the swamp forest of Lokoli (Zogbodomey - Benin)." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/221607.

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La forêt marécageuse de Lokoli, située dans le sud du Bénin est une formation non protégée, bien qu’elle soit la seule forêt marécageuse avec un cours d’eau permanent connue en Afrique de l’Ouest. Pour envisager une prise de décision de conservation et de protection de cet écosystème forestier, il est important de disposer d’une meilleure connaissance de sa flore, de sa végétation et de son fonctionnement. C’est dans ce cadre que la présente étude a été envisagée. Les données collectées concernent le milieu naturel, la structure de la forêt, la régénération naturelle des espèces et les usages faits des Produits Forestiers Non Ligneux (PFNL). Le milieu naturel se compose d’un substratum acide (pH variant de 3,5 à 5,5) et argilo-sableux. Le cortège floristique de cette forêt est composé de 241 espèces réparties en 185 genres et 70 familles dont des espèces endémiques (Uapaca paludosa) ou en danger (Hallea ledermannii), Nauclea xanthoxylon, etc. Sept groupements végétaux ont été identifiés (forêt primaire inondée à Alstonia congensis et Xylopia rubescens, forêt secondaire inondée à Ficus trichopoda et Spondianthus preussii et raphiale à Raphia hookeri et Anthocleista vogelii en forêt ;forêt ripicole à Alchornea cordifolia et Mitragyna inermis, savane marécageuse à Ficus asperifolia et Paullinia pinnata ;prairie marécageuse à Cyclosorus gongylodes et Polygonum pulchrum et enfin prairie marécageuse à Rhynchospora corymbosa et Ludwigia abyssinica en lisière) avec des précisions sur leurs caractéristiques floristiques, biologiques, phytogéographiques et écosociologiques. Les mésophanérophytes sont abondants en forêt alors qu’en lisière, ce sont les microphanérophytes qui sont les plus nombreux. Ces groupements constituent un refuge pour de nombreuses espèces animales dont Barboides britzi, poisson déterminé pour la première fois en 2006. D’après cette étude, on note une bonne régénération des espèces forestières malgré une recrudescence des trouées liées à l’installation de champs de Colocasia esculenta. Parmi les 75 espèces, source de PFNL recensées, les produits et sous-produits issus de Raphia hookeri sont les plus exploités car ils constituent pour les populations riveraines d’importantes sources de revenus. Ces PFNL sont exploités à Lokoli pour plusieurs usages à savoir l’alimentation, l’emballage, boisson alcoolisée, recettes médicinales, construction, etc. Le nombre de pieds de Raphia hookeri saignés par an est de 15.452 par 320 exploitants dont 148 cueilleurs, 81 transformateurs et 91 commerçants ;ce qui fournit aux exploitants des revenus de l’ordre de 28.000 à 159.000 FCFA (42,7 à 242,4 euros) par mois et par exploitant, sans oublier les autres activités menées par les riverains dans cet écosystème. On note une forte pression anthropique sur cette formation qu’il est donc urgent de protéger. En effet, elle dispose d’importants atouts qui militent en faveur de sa conservation. Elle abrite des espèces végétales et animales rares, endémiques, vulnérables et en danger (inscrites sur la liste rouge de l’UICN), telles que :Hallea ledermannii, Uapaca paludosa, Nauclea xanthoxylon, Cercopithecus erythrogaster erythrogaster, Cercopithecus mona, Colobus vellerosus, Ceriagrion citrinum Campion, Barboides britzi, etc. La forêt marécageuse de Lokoli joue un rôle de refuge pour toutes ces espèces qui y trouvent leur niche écologique. Sur le plan socio-économique, la FML fournit aux populations riveraines des revenus pour leur subsistance. Toutes ces potentialités font d’elle une Forêt à Haute Valeur pour la Conservation (FHVC) et elle pourrait constituer une véritable réserve de biosphère dans le Sud-Bénin. The swamp forest of Lokoli, located in the south of Benin, is a non-protected area, although it is the only swamp forest in West Africa accompanied by a river which always contains water. To be able to make decisions concerning the conservation and protection of this forest ecosystem, it is important to have a better knowledge of its flora, its vegetation and its ecology and dynamics. It is within this framework that the present study was considered. The data that were collected relate to the natural environment, the structure of the forest, the natural regeneration of the species and the uses of the Non Timber Forest Products (NTFP). The natural environment is composed of a substratum which is acid (pH varying from 3.5 to 5.5) and loamy-sandy. The floristic composition of this forest is composed of 241 plant species from 185 genera and 70 families. Seven vegetation types were identified: 1. Inundated primary forest with Alstonia congensis and Xylopia rubescens; 2. Inundated secondary forest with Ficus trichopoda and Spondianthus preussii; 3. Raphia forest with Raphia hookeri and Anthocleista vogelii; 4. Riparian forest with Alchornea cordifolia and Mitragyna inermis; 5. Marshy savanna with Ficus asperifolia and Paullinia pinnata; 6. Marshy savanna with Cyclosorus gongylodes and Polygonum pulchrum; and 7. Marshy savanna with Rhynchospora corymbosa and Ludwigia abyssinica. Precise details are given on their floristic, biological, phytogeographical and phytosociological characteristics. The mesophanerophytes are abundant in forest whereas at forest edges the microphanerophytes are most numerous. These vegetation types constitute a refuge for many animal species, for example Barboides britzi, a species of fish first identified in 2006. This study noted a good regeneration of forest species, in spite of disturbance related to the installation of fields of Colocasia esculenta. About 75 investigated NTFP are exploited in Lokoli for many purposes, among which food, packaging, alcoholic drinks, medicines, construction, etc. Among the listed NTFP, the products and by-products made from Raphia hookeri are the most important because they are important sources of revenue for the inhabitants of the area. The number of stems of Raphia used per year for palm wine production is 15.452 by the 320 inhabitants, including 148 gatherers, 81 transformers and 91 tradesmen. This provides to the inhabitants an income of about 28,000 to 159,000 FCFA per month and per inhabitant, without forgetting the other activities undertaken by these inhabitants. This results in a strong human pressure on the vegetation of the area which is therefore in urgent need of protection. The vegetation of the Lokoli forest has important values which indicate its conservation concern. It shelters plant and animal species that are endemic and/or endangered or vulnerable according to the red list of the IUCN, such as: Hallea ledermannii, Uapaca paludosa, Nauclea xanthoxylon, Cercopithecus erythrogaster erythrogaster, Cercopithecus mona, Colobus vellerosus, Ceriagrion citrinum Campion, Barboides britzi, etc. The swamp forest of Lokoli is a refuge for all these species who find here their ecological niche. On the socio-economic level, the Lokoli forest provides to the inhabitants an income for their subsistence. The Lokoli forest in southern Benin is a forest with a high conservation value and it has the potential to become a “biosphere reserve”. Doctorat en Sciences info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

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Tacconi, Luca Economics &amp Management Australian Defence Force Academy UNSW. "The process of forest conservation in Vanuatu : a study in ecological economics." Awarded by:University of New South Wales - Australian Defence Force Academy. School of Economics and Management, 1995. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/38725.

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The objective of this thesis is to develop an ecological economic framework for the assessment and establishment of protected areas (PAs) that are aimed at conserving forests and biodiversity. The framework is intended to be both rigorous and relevant to the decision-making process. Constructivism is adopted as the paradigm guiding the research process of the thesis, after firstly examining also positivist philosophy and ???post-normal??? scientific methodology. The tenets of both ecological and environmental economics are then discussed. An expanded model of human behaviour, which includes facets derived from institutional economics and socioeconomics as well as aspects of neoclassical economics, is outlined. The framework is further developed by considering, from a contractarian view point, the implications of intergenerational equity for biodiversity conservation policies. The issues of intragenerational distribution and allocation are then considered. In this regard, cost-benefit analysis (CBA), as applied to the valuation of forests, PAs, and biodiversity, is critically reviewed. A participatory approach to decision-making, which may also include CBA, is then proposed. The resulting ecological economic framework may be thus summarised: (a) ecosystem use patterns should be chosen on the basis of their sustainability, distributional, and efficiency aspects; (b) systems of PAs should be established in order to achieve minimal intergenerational equity; (c) intragenerational equity requires the correction of the asymmetrical distribution of the costs and benefits arising from the establishment of PAs; (d) the institutional features relevant to the environmental-economic issues being analysed should be considered; and (e) the decision-making process should be participatory and action oriented. The framework is applied to two case studies in Vanuatu. These applications detail (a) stakeholders??? views and trade-offs faced in relation to forest management (b) modes of participatory research and decision-making, (c) forms of compensation that may be adopted in correcting asymmetrical distributions of the costs and benefits of PAs, and (d) institutional influences on ecosystems use and implications for conservation projects. The institutional arrangements developed for the establishment of the PAs are presented. The application of this ecological economic framework has resulted in the formal establishment of one PA and the identification and assessment of five other PAs.

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Lindhe, Anders. "Conservation through management : cut wood as substrate for saproxylic organisms /." Uppsala : Dept. of Entomology, Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences, 2004. http://epsilon.slu.se/s300.pdf.

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Siqueira, Campos Felipe. "Functional and Phylogenetic Diversity of Amphibians in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest: Implications for a Systematic Conservation Planning." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/586284.

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Biodiversity patterns are results of ecological and evolutionary processes. Understanding the forces shaping biodiversity patterns help to predict the responses of ecosystems to environmental change. Considering the role of amphibian species in the functioning of ecosystems, we explored how their functional, phylogenetic and taxonomic relations can be incorporated into spatial decision-making in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. We used these considerations for developing an integrative strategy based on species dispersal patterns, threats and conservation status, susceptibility to climate change, functional trait evolution and cost-effective conservation. In this line, we organized this thesis in 10 chapters distributed into five sections. We used different dimensions of the amphibians' ecological niches regarding morphology, life history, and behaviour. Our findings highlighted that functional trait-based approaches can be efficient strategies for conserving species in endangered ecosystems. Atlantic Forest reserves are failing to protect threatened species, and anticipated climate change can also be threatening the currently protected species. Therefore, we introduced new priorities for landscape assessments using ecological connectivity under current and future conditions. In the near future, most species can become threatened and tend to disperse towards areas with milder temperatures at high altitudes/latitudes, reducing their geographical ranges. By framing evolutionary ecology into conservation science, we revealed that phylogenetic metrics can be relevant tools for functional landscape planning. Using evolutionary history of functional traits, we also determined the species adaptation across different taxonomic lineages. In addition, under a complementarity-based analysis, we showed a practical suggestion to represent taxonomic indicator groups and estimates of land values. We designed an innovative assessment strategy, showing that prioritization models focused on different dimensions of biodiversity can incorporate cost-benefit relationships through payment for ecosystem services schemes. From theory to practice, our study suggests an eco- evolutionary framework regarding the usefulness of amphibian conservation from regional to global scales. Los patrones de biodiversidad son resultado de procesos ecológicos y evolutivos. Comprender las fuerzas que determinan estos patrones ayuda a predecir la respuesta de los ecosistemas al cambio ambiental. Considerando el papel de las especies de anfibios en el funcionamiento de los ecosistemas, exploramos cómo sus relaciones funcionales, filogenéticas y taxonómicas pueden ser incorporadas en la toma de decisiones espaciales en el Bosque Atlántico brasileño. Utilizamos estas consideraciones para desarrollar una estrategia basada en patrones de dispersión de especies, amenazas y estado de conservación, susceptibilidad al cambio climático, evolución de rasgos funcionales y conservación rentable. En esta línea, organizamos esta tesis en 10 capítulos distribuidos en cinco secciones. Según diferentes dimensiones ecológicas basadas en morfología, ciclo de vida y comportamiento de anfibios, mostramos que el uso de los rasgos funcionales puede ser eficiente para la conservación de especies en ecosistemas en peligro de extinción. Las reservas del Bosque Atlántico no son suficientes para sus especies amenazadas, y las especies actualmente protegidas sufren efectos del cambio climático. Por lo tanto, proponemos prioridades de conservación usando conectividad ecológica para condiciones actuales y futuras. En un futuro pr6ximo, la mayoría de las especies pueden verse amenazadas y tienden a dispersarse hacia áreas con temperaturas más suaves, a altitudes y latitudes elevadas, reduciendo sus rangos geográficos. Empleando la ecología evolutiva en la conservación, revelamos que métricas filogenéticas pueden ser herramientas relevantes para la planificación funcional del paisaje. Según la historia evolutiva de los rasgos funcionales, determinamos la adaptación de las especies en diferentes linajes taxonómicos. Además, bajo un análisis de complementariedad, representamos grupos taxonómicos indicadores y valores economicos de la tierra. Diseñamos modelos de priorización centrados en diferentes dimensiones de la biodiversidad, incorporando relaciones de coste-beneficio a través de esquemas de pago por servicios ecosistémicos. De la teoría a la práctica, nuestro estudio sugiere un marco eco-evolutivo con respecto a la utilidad de la conservación de anfibios desde escalas regionales a globales.

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Samsoedin, Ismayadi. "Biodiversity and sustainability in the Bulungan Research Forest, East Kalimantan, Indonesia : the response of plant species to logging." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/224.

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This study reports forest structure, regeneration and the soil properties from unlogged and logged forest in the Bulungan Research Forest, Malinau District, East Kalimantan, Indonesia. Four sites were compared by using four 1-ha replicate plots in each of primary forest (PF), 5, 10 and 30-yr old logged forest (LF-5, LF-10, LF- 30). The tree species composition differ among forest types, as it was shown that the mean value of similarity indices for all pairs were 0.215 (for the Jaccard index) and 0.353 (for the Sorensen index). The low values for similarities among forest types were most probably caused by low numbers of species shared between each forest type. Both correlation values, r = 0.023 for Jaccard index and r = 0.031 for Sorensen index, showed no strong correlation between the similarity index (C) and the distance between forest types. This supports the use of a chronosequence approach. A total of 914 tree species with ³ 10 cm dbh were recorded from 223 genera and 65 families. There were no significant differences in mean species numbers (166 – 180/ha) among treatments. Mean density of species was lower in LF-5 and LF-10 (501/ha) than in PF or LF-30 (605/ha and 577/ha); similarly to mean basal area (LF-5, 28.5 m2/ha; LF-10, 32.6 m2/ha) vs. PF (45.8 m2/ha) and LF-30 (46.9 m2/ha). Dead wood on the forest floor was significantly higher in LF-10 (75 m3/ha) than in the other treatments. Seedlings (< 2 cm dbh) of 1,022 species were recorded from 408 genera and 111 families. The mean number of tree seedling species ranged between 170-206; the mean density of seedlings was about two-fold lower in LF-10 (2790/ha) than in the other treatments. Saplings (>2 – 9.9 cm dbh) of 802 species belonged to 241 genera and 65 families. There was a high variability in species richness across treatments (89 – 191/ha), but not in stem numbers. The Dipterocarpaceae family was dominant in all treatments, followed by the Euphorbiaceae. The soils were acidic, low in nutrients and had low to very low fertility. Both primary and logged forest areas are marginal or not suitable for sustained production of plantation crops. Logging caused soil compaction in LF-30. Although in terms of number of species and trees, amount of BA, number of saplings and seedlings LF-30 appeared to have satisfied prescriptions for a second harvest, ecologically the forest is far from mature. The Indonesian Selective Cutting and Replanting (TPTI) system may need to be revised to a 35 – 45 year cycle to ensure long-term forest productivity in terms of not only timber but other goods and ecosystem services, the value of which are never quantified in monetary terms, but can be higher than the timber revenue.

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Guadilla, Sáez Sara. "Biodiversity conservation: between protected areas and local communities. A case study in picos de Europa national park (northern Spain)." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/667745.

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Con una superficie terrestre cada vez más ocupada por actividades humanas, el debate entorno a cómo gestionar las áreas protegidas para lograr una conservación efectiva de la biodiversidad a largo plazo reconoce cada vez más que las iniciativas de conservación deberían considerar el papel de las personas en los sistemas naturales y tratar de alcanzar la conservación de la biodiversidad sin comprometer el bienestar de las comunidades locales asentadas en el interior o en los terrenos adyacentes a los espacios protegidos. Esta perspectiva considera que las prácticas tradicionales basadas en sistemas de gestión de recursos comunitarios pueden ayudar a garantizar la conservación a largo plazo de la biodiversidad. Esta tesis examina las prácticas tradicionales llevadas a cabo en montes comunales y su potencial impacto en la biodiversidad, buscando identificar actividades humanas favorables para las especies que puedan ser empleadas para mantener la biodiversidad en paisajes dominados por los humanos. Para ello, se aplica un enfoque metodológico interdisciplinar que combina marcos analíticos empleados en ciencias biológicas –esto es, medidas directas de biodiversidad como la riqueza y abundancia de especies– y herramientas analíticas sociales –esto es, enfoques etnobiológicos e históricos–. Específicamente, esta tesis investiga los impactos ecológicos de prácticas tradicionales llevadas a cabo en montes comunales de España, un país de larga tradición de propiedad comunitaria de montes. Primeramente, mediante una revisión literaria de la evolución histórica de los montes comunales españoles, este estudio examina, por un lado, las prácticas llevadas a cabo por comunidades rurales como medio tradicional de subsistencia que han podido beneficiar la biodiversidad forestal, y por otro, los impactos en la biodiversidad debidos al abandono de estas prácticas. A continuación, empleando para ello un caso de estudio, se explora la efectividad de un área protegida para preservar la biodiversidad en comparación a sistemas tradicionales de gestión que permiten el uso de los recursos ecológicos por parte de las comunidades locales. La toma de datos de campo incluye inventarios botánicos y datos topográficos, edáficos y de impacto antrópico en 50 parcelas concéntricas distribuidas en montes comunales dentro y fuera de un espacio protegido clasificado como categoría II de la IUCN (Parque Nacional). Finalmente, los datos cualitativos obtenidos a partir de 42 entrevistas a residentes del área de estudio son empleados para documentar prácticas tradicionales de gestión forestal que confieren el mosaico paisajístico rural tradicional y percepciones locales de cambios paisajísticos recientes. Los resultados obtenidos de la revisión literaria muestran que, a nivel nacional, la intervención y privatización de los montes comunales españoles durante los siglos XIX y XX tuvo consecuencias negativas para la biodiversidad forestal. A nivel local, los resultados del caso de estudio no corroboran la idea de que las áreas protegidas albergan mayor biodiversidad que las áreas no protegidas y sugieren que los factores humanos son importantes condicionantes de la distribución de especies arbóreas. Los resultados de este trabajo también identifican una serie de prácticas tradicionales beneficiosas para la heterogeneidad paisajística y el mantenimiento de los ecosistemas forestales. Finalmente, la información recogida a partir de las percepciones locales de la transformación histórica del paisaje en el área de estudio sugiere que las comunidades locales pueden ser una fuente de información válida para el seguimiento de cambios ecológicos. Los resultados indican que ciertas prácticas tradicionales llevadas a cabo en sistemas de gestión comunitarios permiten la presencia de especies sin perjudicar el bienestar de las comunidades locales. Estos resultados pueden ser de utilidad para el diseño de iniciativas de conservación de la biodiversidad que busquen tanto el mantenimiento de especies como el desarrollo local, y particularmente relevante para el establecimiento de áreas protegidas en zonas habitadas. There is an on-going debate on how to manage protected areas for effective long-term biodiversity conservation. Some authors embrace passive management approaches reducing human intervention in protected areas. This approach may be suitable for restoring natural ecosystems processes in large-scale abandoned areas. However, with a terrestrial surface increasingly dominated by human activities, other authors argue that conservation efforts should also pay attention to the role of humans on natural systems and resolve how to achieve biodiversity conservation without compromising the livelihood of the local communities living near or within to the protected areas. For this school of thought, traditional practices based in common resource management systems can help guaranteeing long-term biodiversity conservation. This thesis examines traditional practices applied in forest commons and their potential impacts on biodiversity, aiming at identifying human activities that are favorable to biodiversity and that could be therefore used to maintain biodiversity on human-dominated landscapes. To do so, an interdisciplinary methodological approach is applied combining conventional analytical frameworks used in biological conservation science –i.e., direct measures of biodiversity such as species richness and evenness– and social analytical tools –i.e., ethnobiological and historical approaches. Specifically, this thesis investigates the ecological outcomes of traditional practices applied in forest commons in Spain, a country with long history of forest community-ownership. First, through a review of the literature of the historical evolution of Spanish forest commons, this study examines management practices conducted during the performance of traditional livelihood activities applied by forest-dwelling communities that may have benefitted forest biodiversity and the impacts on biodiversity derived from replacing such practices by other management forms. Second, using a case study, this research explores the effectiveness of formally protecting an area on preserving species diversity compared to traditional management systems allowing local communities use of ecological resources. Data collection included botanical inventories as well as topographic, edaphic, and anthropogenic impact data from 50 0.2-hectares concentric plots distributed through neighboring forest commons inside and outside a protected area classified as an IUCN category II (National Park). In the final part of the thesis, qualitative data from 42 interviews to residents of the studied area are used to document traditional forest-related management practices shaping regional landscape mosaic and local perceptions of recent landscape changes. Results from the literature review illustrate that, at the national level, interventionism and privatization of forest commons in Spain during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries had negative consequences for forest biodiversity. At a local level, results of the study case do not support the idea that protected areas hold more biodiversity than surrounding areas and suggest that human factors are important drivers of tree species distribution. Results from this work also help identify a set of traditional management practices favorable to regional landscape patchiness and the maintenance of forest systems. Finally, information from local perception of historical landscape transformation in the study area suggests that local communities might be a valid source of information to monitor ongoing ecological changes. The results of this dissertation indicate that certain traditional practices carried out in community-based resource management systems in the performance of their traditional activities are biodiversity-friendly. This finding might help in the design of biodiversity conservation efforts linking biodiversity maintenance and local development, which might be particularly relevant in the establishment of protected areas in populated zones.

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Viapiana, Julcimar. "Comparação entre estratos regenerantes de florestas primária e secundária: uma avaliação da restauração passiva no oeste do Paraná." Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2017. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/2939.

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O bioma da Mata Atlântica foi reduzido a apenas 7,4% de sua cobertura original, sendo o principal motivo a ocupação humana. No estado do Paraná restaram, com exceção da vegetação da Serra do Mar e do Parque Nacional do Iguaçu (PNI), poucos fragmentos pequenos, que necessitam de aumento da conectividade em escala de paisagem, o que requer a ampliação da cobertura florestal nativa. Esta ampliação pode se dar por meio da regeneração espontânea de florestas nativas, fenômeno aqui tratado sob a designação restauração passiva. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o estrato regenerante de uma floresta secundária em restauração passiva, sítio em restauração (pasto abandonado há 25 anos), por meio de comparação com o estrato regenerante da floresta primária do PNI, sítio de referência. Para isso, os atributos considerados foram estruturais: densidade, altura da planta e diâmetro à altura do solo – DAS; de diversidade: riqueza e diversidade de espécies; funcionais: distribuição de frequência de síndromes de dispersão para indivíduos e espécies e proporção de espécies e de indivíduos de espécies não-pioneiras; e a composição florística. Em cada sítio foram demarcadas 30 parcelas circulares de 10 m2 cada e coletados dados dos indivíduos arbustivos e arbóreos com DAP < 5 cm e altura maior do que 50 cm. Foram coletadas amostras botânicas para posterior identificação em laboratório através da comparação com material de herbário. Foram registrados 589 indivíduos no sítio em restauração distribuídos em 43 espécies, e 831 indivíduos no sítio de referência distribuídos em 48 espécies. As espécies mais abundantes no sítio em restauração foram Parapiptadenia rigida (Benth.) Brenan e Pombalia bigibbosa (A.St.- Hil.) Paula-Souza, com 236 e 133 indivíduos, respectivamente, e a mais abundante no sítio de referência foi Sorocea bonplandii (Baill.) W.C.Burger et al., com 182 indivíduos. Foram encontradas diferenças estatisticamente significativas na altura da planta, densidade, diversidade, representatividade de indivíduos de espécies zoocóricas, proporção de indivíduos de espécies não-pioneiras e na composição florística. Com exceção da variável altura da planta que foi maior no sítio em restauração, as demais variáveis quantitativas tiveram valores maiores no sítio de referência. As diferenças entre os sítios, pode se dever a alguns filtros restritivos, como mais luminosidade, maior efeito de borda, condições edáficas menos favoráveis e falta de conectividade e de atrativos para dispersores de sementes no sítio em restauração. Conclui-se que, após 25 anos, o processo de restauração passiva resultou em uma floresta cujo estrato regenerante ainda é consideravelmente distinto do verificado em floresta primária, evidenciando a importância da conservação de remanescentes de floresta primária. Contudo, as semelhanças encontradas denotam que a floresta restaurada se encontra numa trajetória sucessional adequada, o que, demonstra um elevado potencial de aplicação da restauração passiva na região das áreas de estudo. The Atlantic forest biome has been reduced to only 7.4% of its original coverage, being the main reason the human occupation. In the state of Paraná remained, with exception of the vegetation of the Serra do Mar and of the Iguaçu National Park (PNI), few small fragments, which require the increasing of connectivity on a landscape scale, requiring the expansion of native forest cover. This expansion can be through the spontaneous regeneration of native forests, a phenomenon here treated as passive restoration. The objective of this study was to evaluate the regenerative stratum of a secondary forest in passive restoration, site in restoration (pasture abandoned for 25 years), through comparison with the regeneration stratum of primary forest of the PNI, reference site. For this, the attributes considered were structural: density, plant height and diameter at height of soil – DHS; of diversity: species richness and species diversity; functional: frequency distribution of dispersal syndromes for individuals and species and proportion of non pioneer species and of individuals of non pioneer species; and the floristic composition. In each site were demarcated 30 circular plots 10 m2 each and collected data from shrub and tree individuals with DBH < 5 cm and height greater than 50 cm. Botanical samples were collected for later identification in laboratory by comparing with herbarium material. 589 individuals distributed in 43 species were recorded in the restoration site and 831 individuals distributed in 48 species were recorded in the reference site. The most abundant species in the restoration site were Parapiptadenia rigida (Benth.) Brenan and Pombalia bigibbosa (A. St.-Hil.) Paula-Souza, with 236 and 133 individuals, respectively, and the most abundant in the reference site was Sorocea bonplandii (Baill.) W.C. Burger et al. with 182 individuals. Statistically significant differences were found in plant height, density, diversity, representativeness of individuals of zoochoric species, proportion of individuals of non pioneer species and floristic composition. With the exception of the variable plant height which was greater in the restoration site, other quantitative variables had larger values in the reference site. The differences between the sites may be due to some restrictive filters such as more luminosity, greater edge effect, less favorable edaphic conditions and lack of connectivity and of attractive for seed dispersers in the restoration site. We concluded that, after 25 years, the passive restoration process resulted in a forest whose regeneration stratum is still pretty distinct from verified in primary forest, highlighting the importance of the conservation of remnants of primary forest. However, the similarities found denote that the restored forest successional trajectory is appropriate, what, demonstrates a high potential for application of passive restoration in the region of the study areas.

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Pam, Grace A. B. "Ethno-ornithology and conservation : traditional ecological knowledge (TEK) of birds among the Mushere and the conservation of the Dulu forest in Mushere, Plateau state, Nigeria." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2017. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:38679da9-fc64-4cff-9485-1dd2eb5ab413.

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This research was aimed at determining the ethno-ornithological knowledge of three Mushere villages close to the Dulu Forest, Nigeria to determine whether this might hold potential for developing a local conservation programme to protect the forest. The conservation objective of the research was aimed at determining the drivers of forest degradation, and possible means of mitigation. Using a mixed method approach, quantitative/qualitative data were collected in two years from different demographics (men, women, children, age differentials, occupation, urbanization). Oral interviews, semi-structured interviews, picture elicitation tasks, free-listing exercises and focus group discussions were employed in the data collection process. The findings revealed a relatively low ethno-ornithological knowledge, and a general indifference (ornitho-apatheia) towards birds. Knowledge transmission was predominantly through oral means while TEK acquisition was mainly through vertical and horizontal methods. While adults perceived birds as not valuable, children generally perceived birds as valuable. Cultural utilization and ecological salience were the main drivers of bird naming and knowledge. However, there was a high valuing of the Dulu forest, with the main drivers of the forest degradation being timber extraction. Overall, I concluded that the indifference of the Mushere towards birds revealed a lack of cultural appreciation of birds, leading to little TEK of birds, insufficient to encourage the use of TEK of birds in the conservation of the Dulu forest, and the use of birds as flagship domain for promoting conservation. However, a sustained approach towards encouraging birding activities could improve the perception of birds. I therefore suggest using an ecosystem approach in the conservation of the Dulu forest. Engaging the locals in dialogue, establishing a leadership structure for the management of the Dulu forest, providing alternative means of livelihoods are suggested as ways of mitigating the degradation of the Dulu forest.

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Magnusson, Julia. "Adaptive Forest Policy : The Integration of Disaster Risk Reduction through Nature-Based Solutions in Swedish and Scottish Forest Policy." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-443541.

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Climate change may cause significant changes to our relationship with nature, triggering large impacts on ecosystems and the societies dependent on their ecosystem services. Forests are seen as a mitigating solution for their abilities to store carbon, provide forest products, enhance biodiversity along with other forest ecosystem services (FES). Forest’s natural systems have shown resilience against climate-induced disasters and have been acknowledged as an important tool to mitigate climate change. However, to ensure the continued supply of these services requires adaptable management of forest ecosystems through policy. This study aims to analyse how Swedish and Scottish public FES-related policy integrates the adaptive and mitigating methods used in Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) and Nature-based Solutions (NBS). The method of this analysis relied on three theoretical approaches; Policy integration, Environmental policy integration and Frames to see how the concepts and methods of NBS and DRR are implemented within Swedish and Scottish forest policy. The results showed that the main message from both Swedish and Scottish public FES-related policy is that humans are dependent on FES, therefore the protection of forest land and species cannot be under-prioritised. Both countries’ goals focus on becoming climate neutral by 2045 with an increased (Scotland) or sustained (Sweden) bioeconomy to be achieved alongside carbon sequestration, increased biodiversity, and diversified usage of forests. Both countries recognise and use ecosystem services as a NBS to mitigate climate change and reduce disaster risk. The increase of biodiversity through afforestation, green infrastructure, and conservation as a method to create resilience is a common method of NBS within the policy documents, and its ability to prevent risks along several areal and hierarchical scales show methods of DRR. However, vague goals on the strategy to achieve this are seen within both countries’ policy which question their determination and ability to succeed. Their difference in forest ownership structure and history diverges their application of community engagement in FES management. It is now essential that both Sweden and Scotland implement a sustainable balance between their national strategy objectives for the sake of the environment and use the considerable political traction by methods of NBS and DRR to reach resilient forest ecosystems. Future research could further assess the results and consequences of the policy strategies to see if they have achieved inclusive, integrated forest resilience through adaptive policy.

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Mattsson, Mårten. "Markägare i Stockholms län och deras inställning till biodiversitet och skydd av mark /." Umeå : Institutionen för skoglig resurshushållning och geomatik, Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet, 2004. http://epsilon.slu.se/9717170.pdf.

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49

Janssen, Philippe. "Influences relatives de l'ancienneté et de la maturité sur la biodiversité : implications pour la conservation en forêts de montagne." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAS024/document.

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Depuis les années 1980, de nombreuses études ont montré l’importance des peuplements forestiers très matures et de leurs attributs constitutifs (arbres de gros diamètre, bois morts…) pour la conservation de la biodiversité forestière. Ces travaux ont permis d’initier un processus en faveur d’une meilleure reconnaissance de la fonction écologique des forêts. La plupart de ces études ne tiennent cependant pas compte de la notion d’ancienneté des forêts, i.e. de la continuité temporelle de l’état boisé. Cette notion apparaît pourtant pertinente pour expliquer la répartition de certaines espèces. Ainsi, une forêt ancienne, même rajeunie par une perturbation, pourrait jouer un rôle pour la conservation de la biodiversité tout aussi important qu’une forêt récente constituée de peuplements très matures. Cette relation a priori contrastée entre biodiversité et maturité d’une part et biodiversité et ancienneté d’autre part, soulève de nombreuses questions quant aux choix stratégiques à mettre en place pour une conservation et une gestion optimale de la biodiversité en forêts. Plus généralement, ces notions permettent de questionner l’influence relative des activités humaines passées et actuelles sur la biodiversité forestière. Afin de préciser les effets relatifs de l’ancienneté et de la maturité sur la biodiversité, une approche combinant géohistoire et sciences de l’environnement a été mise en place. Un dispositif d’étude de 70 sites, croisant des forêts anciennes ou récentes avec des peuplements peu matures ou très matures, a été développé dans les Préalpes francçaises (Vercors, Chartreuse et Bauges). Pour chacun des sites, l’ancienneté et la maturité ont été caractérisées et quatre groupes taxinomiques ont été inventoriés : flore vasculaire, coléoptères saproxyliques, collemboles et macrolichens épiphytes. Nos résultats indiquent une absence flagrante d’effet d’héritage dû aux usages passés, à la fois dans les sols et sur la biodiversité. Les espèces étaient avant tout influencées par la maturité des peuplements, notamment la diversité des bois morts pour les coléoptères saproxyliques et l’ouverture de la canopée pour la flore vasculaire. Le sol, à travers le pH et les formes d’humus, avait également un rôle structurant fort sur la flore vasculaire et les collemboles, et le climat, à travers les températures, sur les coléoptères saproxyliques. Cet effet limité de l’ancienneté, comparativement aux études antérieures, est à mettre en relation avec le contexte écologique, paysager et historique des forêts de montagne : fort taux de boisement, forte proportion de forêts anciennes, surfaces boisées peu fragmentées, usage ancien peu impactant et gestion forestière actuelle assez extensive. Nos résultats montrent ainsi que l’effet des usages anciens sur la biodiversité dépend fortement du contexte. Ils soulignent l’importance de la prise en compte des conditions environnementales locales, attributs de maturité mais aussi conditions climatiques et édaphiques, pour une compréhension plus fine des patrons de biodiversité en forêts de montagne Since the 1980s, numerous studies had shown the importance of stand maturity, especially old-growth habitat features (very large trees, deadwood…) for forest biodiversity conservation. This work led to a better recognition of the ecological function of forests. However, most of these studies do not take account of forest continuity, i.e. the temporal continuity in forested condition. Forest continuity has been used to explain some species distribution. Therefore, ancient forests, even rejuvenated by disturbances, may be of greater conservation interest for biodiversity than recent forests composed of overmature stands. This a priori contrasting relationship between biodiversity and stand maturity on the one hand and biodiversity and forest continuity on the other hand, raises many questions about the most appropriate policy choices to conserve and manage adequately forest biodiversity. More generally, these concepts allow the questioning of the relative influence of past and present human-induced environmental changes on forest biodiversity. To clarify the relative effects of forest continuity and stand maturity on biodiversity, we developed an approach in which we combined historical ecology and environmental sciences. We established 70 sites in the French Prealps (Vercors, Chartreuse and Bauges) in which we crossed ancient or recent forests with mature or overmature stands. For each site we characterized forest continuity and stand maturity and assessed the response of four taxonomic groups: vascular plants, saproxylic beetles, springtails and epiphytic macrolichens. Results showed an obvious lack of legacy effect on both soil conditions and biodiversity. Species were above all influenced by stand maturity, especially deadwood diversity for saproxylic beetles and canopy openness for vascular plants. Soil conditions, through pH and humus forms, had also a great structuring role on vascular plants and springtails, and climatic conditions, through temperature, on saproxylic beetles. Comparatively to previous studies, this quite limited effect of forest continuity can be linked with the ecological, landscape and historical context of mountain forests: high percentage of forest cover, high proportion of ancient forests, low-fragmented wooded areas, past land use being low impacting and current extensive forest management. Overall, our results show that the effect of forest continuity on biodiversity is context dependent and underline the necessity to better account for local environmental conditions, stand maturity attributes but also climatic and edaphic conditions, to improve our understanding of biodiversity patterns in mountain forests

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Redon, Mathilde. "Biodiversité potentielle dans les forêts du Vercors : une approche hiérarchique pour la conservation des espaces forestiers." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00682041.

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Le déclin de la biodiversité lié à l'augmentation des pressions sur les ressources naturelles, fait l'objet d'un large consensus. Cette situation souligne un besoin urgent de développer des outils de diagnostic et de suivi de l'état de la biodiversité qui soient spatialisés, rapides à mettre en œuvre, peu coûteux et qui permettent de réaliser des expertises à l'échelle des territoires. Une des hypothèses centrales en écologie est qu'il existe des relations positives entre l'hétérogénéité spatiale mesurée dans la mosaïque paysagère et la richesse en espèces qui peut y cohabiter à différentes échelles. Dans ce travail, nous nous appuyons sur cette hypothèse pour développer un Indice de Biodiversité Spécifique Potentielle afin de réaliser un diagnostic de l'état de la biodiversité dans la mosaïque paysagère intra-forestière à différentes échelles, en prenant l'exemple du massif du Vercors. Cet indice s'appuie sur des indicateurs et des critères capables de refléter le niveau de biodiversité potentiellement présente dans une zone géographique donnée, et permet d'approfondir les connaissances sur les relations entre la structure des peuplements, les caractéristiques de la mosaïque forestière et la richesse ou la répartition géographique des espèces. Les étapes clés de la méthodologie et de son évaluation sont valorisées sous forme d'articles. La représentation spatiale de la biodiversité potentielle à différentes échelles permet d'envisager de nombreuses applications dans les domaines de la conservation et de la gestion forestière multifonctionnelle.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Forest biodiversity conservation – Benin'

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