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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Forest conservation'
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1
Tacconi, Luca. "The process of forest conservation in Vanuatu : a study in ecological economics /." [Canberra : s.n.], 1995. http://www.library.unsw.edu.au/%7Ethesis/adt-ADFA/public/adt-ADFA20041111.140928/index.html.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of New South Wales.Photocopy of original held in Defence Academy Library, University College, University of New South Wales. Includes bibliographical references. Also issued online.
2
Bloor, Richard. "Forest governance and forest conservation in Sabah, Malaysia." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2014. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/73239/.
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This Thesis is concerned with multilevel and multi-sector forest governance in the Malaysian State of Sabah. It begins by amending the theory of vertical institutional interplay by applying constructivist and historical new institutional theoretical approaches, which contrasts with the more static theoretical foundations that have characterised study of this area to date. It then develops an analytical framework that uses policy frame analysis. This is designed to apply this new theoretical approach to the empirical context of Sabah. This framework analyses empirical subject through three stages. The first stage investigates the development of forest governance institutions at the global level and the state level within Sabah. The second stage then considers how the intersection of these developments, specifically focusing on role of ideas, discourse and agency, created the impetus for new policy initiatives in two local-level empirical examples. The third stage then considers the extent to which these initiatives were successful in institutionalising new forest conservation practices, or conversely how they were impeded by state level historical institutional continuities. The findings of this Thesis differentiate two forms of vertical institutional interplay. The first is the way global institutions affect state level ones where key actors mobilise ideas and discourses to in order to shift the direction of policy and initiate institutional change. The second is where the influence of global institutions is blocked by barriers created by long term historic institutional legacies that have shaped state level institutions. These findings show that vertical institutional interplay has initiated a partial shift in forest institutions and policy in Sabah. This shift varies between different locations according to the relative influence of these two forms of institutional interplay, and has created more dynamism and uncertainty in Sabah’s forest governance institutions. This Thesis contributes to existing literature through its ability to better conceptualise the role of vertical institutional interplay in a way that can account for the tension between the fixed and dynamic aspects of institutions. This contrasts to older approaches that have focused largely on the fixed aspects of institutions. The contribution is also demonstrated in the way this theoretical approach is able to better conceptualise fine grain variations in these dynamics at a local level of scale.
3
Chapman, Ron. "Fighting for the forests: a history of the Western Australian forest protest movement 1895-2001." Thesis, Chapman, Ron (2008) Fighting for the forests: a history of the Western Australian forest protest movement 1895-2001. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2008. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/724/.
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As the first comprehensive study of Western Australian forest protest the thesis analyses the protest movement's organisation, campaigns and strategies. Its central argument is that the contemporary Western Australian forest protest movement established a network of urban and south-west activist groups which encouraged broad public support, and that a diversity of protest strategies focused public attention on forest issues and pressured the state government to change its forest policies. The forest protest movement was characterised by its ability to continually adapt its organisation and strategies to changing social and political conditions. This flexible approach to protest not only led to victories in the Shannon River Basin, Lane-Poole Reserve and old growth forest campaigns, but also transformed forest protest into an influential social movement which contributed to the downfall of the Court Liberal Government in 2001.
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Chapman, Ron. "Fighting for the forests : a history of the Western Australian forest protest movement 1895-2001 /." Chapman, Ron (2008) Fighting for the forests: a history of the Western Australian forest protest movement 1895-2001. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2008. http://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/724/.
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As the first comprehensive study of Western Australian forest protest the thesis analyses the protest movement's organisation, campaigns and strategies. Its central argument is that the contemporary Western Australian forest protest movement established a network of urban and south-west activist groups which encouraged broad public support, and that a diversity of protest strategies focused public attention on forest issues and pressured the state government to change its forest policies. The forest protest movement was characterised by its ability to continually adapt its organisation and strategies to changing social and political conditions. This flexible approach to protest not only led to victories in the Shannon River Basin, Lane-Poole Reserve and old growth forest campaigns, but also transformed forest protest into an influential social movement which contributed to the downfall of the Court Liberal Government in 2001.
5
Painter, Luke. "Growth rates and the definition of old-growth in forested wetlands of the Puget Sound region." Online pdf file accessible through the World Wide Web, 2007. http://archives.evergreen.edu/masterstheses/Accession86-10MES/Painter_L%20MESThesis%202007.pdf.
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Hogan, Anthony David. "Australia's native forest and rainforest timber usage and the plantation strategy alternative /." Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 1992. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ENV/09envh714.pdf.
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Toli, Teklu Tesfaye. "Coffee forest conservation local-level institutions influencing the conservation and use of coffee forests in Southwest Ethiopia." Weikersheim Margraf, 2006. http://deposit.d-nb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=2842465&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm.
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Morris, Thomas. "Monitoring the Knysna forest : species, community and forest responses." Bachelor's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/26490.
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Forests are valuable ecosystems to society but are greatly threatened by changing factors from habitat conversion to climate change. South Africa's only extent of indigenous forest is predicted to disappear within the next 30 years. Many challenges are currently faced when trying to detect and interpret directional changes in forests which results in an urgent need to understand any effects that these change factors have on forest ecosystems. We investigate evidence for change in the old growth Lilyvlei Nature Reserve by monitoring growth and dynamics at various levels by examining a 20 year record of tree growth and stand dynamics. Through the inclusion of biodiversity measures and ecologically important plant traits, changes in forest dynamics and growth are investigated. Results show no total change in biomass across the 20 year period, although an intensification of extreme climatic events and dynamics indices were recorded for the second period. Significant correlations were found between community diversity measures and forest growth. Trait variables showed insignificant correlations with forest growth and dynamics. These results suggest that the Knysna forest is controlled by climatic variables and that increased diversity within communities result in increased growth. It is believed that changes in the forest may be masked by compositional shifts of just a few dominant species. These results become important, particularly in the light of changing climatic, atmospheric and environmental changes that threaten global ecosystems in the time to come. However, considering the brief 20 year period observed in a forest where the average individual has a life span of over a century, the importance of long term monitoring becomes an important component in the understanding of forest ecosystems.
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David, Berliner Derek. "Systematic conservation planning and South Africa's Forest Biome: An assesment of the conservation status of South Africa's forest and reccomdentations for their conservation." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/6232.
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This thesis reports on the first substantial data collation, analysis and interpretation for a systematic conservation plan for the entire South African forest biome. This was done by addressing the following questions: What is the current state of the forest biome? How well are forests protected? How threatened are they? What are the conservation priorities, and what needs to be done to improve forest conservation? The study is broad and integrative, using information from various published and unpublished sources, as well as expert judgements. The general framework of systematic conservation planning was used along with the software tools typically used for irreplacebility analysis. Rule based modelling, expert judgements and GIS modelling, were used to develop indices of threat, vulnerability, fragmentation, degradation, connectivity and irreplacebility, at the scale of forest patches, forest clusters and forest types. An index of subsistence resource use of forests was modelled using population density, extent of electrification, forest accessibility and the buffering effect of plantations and woodlots. Using these indices, priorities for conservation were identified. Species richness and numbers of red data and endemic species, were also evaluated for each forest type. Forest patches as well as forest clusters were used as planning units, while forest types were used as surrogates to represent forest biodiversity . South African forests have by far the highest number of tree species per unit area of any temperate forest in the world. A high proportion of species occurring in forests are threatened and endemic. At least 56 forest occurring vascular plants and approximately 88 forest occurring faunal species are listed as IUCN red data species. The current forest protected area network of South Africa, does not adequately protect representative samples of forest biodiversity pattern and process. Approximately 25 % of the total forested area occurs within formal statutory protected areas, but most of this is made up of just a few forest types. Of the 21 forest types assessed, six have less than 10% formal protection. Three forest types, Eastern Scarp, Pondoland Scarp and Kwazulu-Natal Dune forests stand out as being highly vulnerable to biodiversity loss, of these; Pondoland Scarp forests have the lowest level of formal protection, and the highest number of endemic species, making this forest type, the highest conservation priority in the country. 10 PhD thesis: Forest conservation planning: Derek Berliner The limitations of the mathematical selection algorithms (C-plan and MARXAN) to incorporate ecological heuristics and context specific information within reserve selection were recognised. In response to this, a rule based modelling approach was used, that enables ecological heuristics to guide the selection of priority forests, This provided pragmatic, but not necessary mathematically optimal solutions to network reserve design. The traditional (largely silvicultural) focus of forest management and reserve planning in South Africa, has tended to view forests as geographically and functionally distinct ecosystems, without adequate consideration of landscape scale processes and requirements for connectivity. For long term conservation of forest biodiversity, planning requires to occur across multiple scales, and with a broader and longer term view than what has been the traditionally focus. Forest conservation needs to involve both on, and off-reserve strategies. This should include: expansion of the formal protected area network (so as to adequately represent all forest types), improvements in management of existing reserves, and regulation of land use change within forested catchments and catchments linked to forests. This should form part of integrated land management strategy that directly involves communities in forest conservation programmes.
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Bhandari, Rajendra Man Singh Sansanee Choowaew. "Applying adaptive community forest management in Nepal : Silviculture demonstration plot perspective : a case study of Nureni Chisapani Community Forest user group, Makwanpur, Central Nepal /." Abstract, 2007. http://mulinet3.li.mahidol.ac.th/thesis/2550/cd398/4837458.pdf.
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Perhans, Karin. "Cost-efficient conservation strategies for boreal forest biodiversity /." Uppsala, Sweden : Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2008. http://diss-epsilon.slu.se/archive/00001772/.
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Thesis (doctoral)--Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2008.Thesis documentation sheet inserted. Includes appendix of reprints of five papers and manuscripts co-authored with others. Includes bibliographical references. Also partially issued electronically via World Wide Web in PDF format; online version lacks appendix of papers.
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Okoth, Susan Sande. "Beekeeping and forest conservation : a case study of Arabuko Sokoke Forest, Kenya." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/30990.
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Tropical forests are shrinking worldwide. This is mainly because human beings, in a bid to
obtain a livelihood, have overexploited their timber and non-timber products. At Arabuko
Sokoke Forest (ASF), Kenya, community-driven conservation projects have been initiated,
to ensure that the people can draw a livelihood from this vital ecosystem without
destroying it. Among the projects involved is apiculture in the vicinity of the forest.
Although some studies have been carried out on various aspects of honey yields and
pollination services of bees to agricultural and forested lands, none has targeted the
following question: is honey quality and quantity enhanced by the presence of a forest? To
address this question, a record was made of honey yield per harvest (kg) for hives placed at
different distances from the forest. Honey samples from these hives were also obtained and
tested for various biochemical characteristics. It was found that honey yield increased with
proximity to the forest: the yield almost doubled in hives placed less than 1 km from the
forest compared to those placed more than 3 km from the forest. All the honey samples
taken from these hives met internationally required quality standards. This part of the study demonstrated that the conservation of tropical forest ecosystems can have real local
economic benefits. The documentation of the services provided by nearby natural areas
could help make conservation of these areas a priority, even for the local communities. For
a full understanding of the potential of beekeeping as a sustainable livelihood for the local
people, knowledge about flowering phenology of plants and trees potentially foraged by
the bees is indispensable. Therefore, a floral calendar for the area around ASF was
compiled, in which timing and duration of flowering of these plants was recorded. The
calendar is especially essential because the ASF people are not traditionally beekeepers
and so there is no indigenous knowledge of appropriate timing of activities with respect to
beekeeping. Using a floral calendar, beekeepers can properly plan the establishment of new
apiaries and handling of existing ones, with the aim of increasing the production of honey.
Data were collected by direct observation and recording of flowering every fortnight for
two consecutive years (2006 to 2007) and these were used to compile the floral calendar.
Twelve common plants around ASF flowered for more than half of the year and 70 others
flowered for at least two full months. Preservation of these plants could ensure year-round
availability of ample forage for honeybees and promote increased honey production by
strengthening the honeybee colonies and preventing the desertion of a hive by the colony
(absconding). In addition, the calendar could form a basis for future studies on effects of
climate change on forest phenology and the role of beekeeping for conservation of the
local flora. Mangrove ecosystems are of particular importance from a conservation
perspective: worldwide, they are arguably a more endangered habitat than dry forests.
Furthermore, mangrove honey from ASF is prized above honey from the other portions
because of its generally preferred taste. For these reasons, the role of bees in pollinating the
mangrove portion of ASF and the properties of mangrove honey were also studied.
Although the previous two studies were very intensive and data collection lasted two years, the study on mangroves lasted a month during the flowering period and yielded important
baseline and descriptive data. Data on flower opening, nectar volume and concentration
and honeybee visits to their flowers were collected. Results showed that two of the most
abundant species, Ceriops tagal and Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, have the potential to be
pollinated both at night and during the day. There was no nectar produced by Avicennia
marina during our period of study, yet it had a strong honey-like smell which seemed to
attract bees and hence their pollination services. In B. gymnorrhiza nectar was available
throughout the day. It also emerged that mangrove honey may differ in taste from honey
produced by bees foraging other types of plants because of its higher sodium content,
which we suggest could be a result of frequent salt spray from the ocean.Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2011.
Zoology and Entomology
Unrestricted
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Talbot, Jennifer Downing. "Conservation placemaking : visions for the Tsitongambarika Forest, Madagascar." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.610433.
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Perge, Emilie. "Poverty within tropical forest : assets and activities to develop pro-poor forest conservation." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2011. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/6930/.
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Poverty within forests is often acknowledged but poorly assessed through economic evi- dence. To some extent, this lack of evidence explains why even if forest conservation has positive effects on households' welfare, such benefits are quite limited. This thesis is aimed at investigating in three steps how forest conservation can help poor forest households to improve their welfare. A first chapter deals with assessing poverty of forest households in Bolivia looking at their asset accumulation and allowing for a poverty trap mechanism that may arise, preventing households to be better off. The empirical analysis does not find evidence for the exis- tence of a poverty trap. Households are slowly accumulating assets over time but such an accumulation does not lead to any improvements in their welfare. Households would remain persistently poor. A second chapter focuses on forest households' labour supply and allocations. Using primary data I collected in Cameroon, a non-separable agricultural household model is employed to identify factors influencing household labour supply and allocations into di- verse activities. The empirical results shows that leisure is an inferior good, households working more when having greater income. Furthermore, households participating in for- est activities have higher levels of welfare than households that do not. Increasing prices of forest resources helps households to improve their welfare. The last chapter deals with designing payments for forest conservation so as to encourage forest households to internalise externalities. These payments are theoretically analysed using a principal-agent game in order to define incentives such that a forest group plants and conserves a great number of trees. Payments are non-zero when observing such con- servation levels and equal to zero in all other cases. Doing so creates a virtuous circle on forest resources. Pro-poor conservation schemes as opposed to non-pro poor, are achiev- able with lower payments.
15
Worth, David John. "Reconciliation in the forest?: an exploration of the conflict over the logging of native forests in the south west of Western Australia." Thesis, Worth, David John (2004) Reconciliation in the forest?: an exploration of the conflict over the logging of native forests in the south west of Western Australia. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2004. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/415/.
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Over the past 30 years in Western Australia (WA), there has been a heated debate about the future use of the remaining temperate old-growth forests of karri and jarrah in the south-west of the State. This debate revolved around policy proposals from two social movements: one social movement wanted to preserve as much of the remaining old-growth forests as possible, and an opposing social movement supported a continued 'sustainable' logging of the forests for hardwood products. This research project undertook a comparative case study analysis of Australia (TCA) on the pro-logging side and Liberals For Forests (LFF) on the anti-logging side. It drew on a macro-level European theoretical approach (New Social Movement theory) and a US organizational approach (Resource Mobilisation Theory). The study also investigated the extent to which these two social movement organisations (SMOs) had been effective in
Over the past 30 years in Western Australia (WA), there has been a heated debate about the future use of the remaining temperate old-growth forests of karri and jarrah in the south-west of the State. This debate revolved around policy proposals from two social movements: one social movement wanted to preserve as much of the remaining old-growth forests as possible, and an opposing social movement supported a continued 'sustainable' logging of the forests for hardwood products. This research project undertook a comparative case study analysis of one WA organisation from each of these two social movements- Timber Communities Australia (TCA) on the pro-logging side and Liberals For Forests (LFF) on the anti-logging side. It drew on a macro-level European theoretical approach (New Social Movement theory) and a US organizational approach (Resource Mobilisation Theory). The study also investigated the extent to which these two social movement organisations (SMOs) had been effective in influencing the development of State forest policy. For this purpose Schumaker's (1975) framework for judging the political effectiveness of social movements was used. The key research problem investigated in this thesis is why these two SMOs continued to debate the forest policy issue after more than 30 years of public controversy?
Interviews with a key range of stakeholders were the key research method of this study. Additionally, an investigation into important economic and social changes in the south west was undertaken using census and other data between 1971 and 2001 and this was supported by an historical analysis of the timber industry in WA's south west. Finally, a 3-year study of the reporting of forest issues by two local and one national newspaper was completed. The 1998-2000 period was chosen for the newspaper analysis as this was when the new Regional Forest Agreement was being finalised.
This research shows that new values toward the old-growth forests developed among the WA public over the past 30 years and this has created an unbridgeable policy gap between those such as the TCA who wanted the past policies to continue and those such as the LFF who wanted to preserve the remaining native forests. ABS data confirm that the south-west region of WA changed dramatically between 1970 and 2000 as the wine and tourism industries developed and that these changes were different to those occurring in the other wine regions and non-city areas of Australia. As the population increased in this region, a key segment attracted by these new employment opportunities were middle class, well-educated people with new values toward the natural environment.
The interview and newspaper article data clearly showed that the debate in WA in the late 1990s over the proposed RFA provided a new political opportunity for the anti-logging movement to raise their concerns and to establish a renewed public debate about the appropriateness of the WA forest policies. This came at a time when the traditional policy power of the timber industry stakeholders and the government department in charge of the forests (Conservation And Land Management) had been dramatically diminished. The combination of these factors led to the election of the new ALP government and the introduction of a new, non-logging policy for WA's old-growth native forests.
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Worth, David John. "Reconciliation in the forest? : an exploration of the conflict over the logging of native forests in the south west of Western Australia." Murdoch University, 2004. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20040804.161830.
Full textAbstract:
Over the past 30 years in Western Australia (WA), there has been a heated debate about the future use of the remaining temperate old-growth forests of karri and jarrah in the south-west of the State. This debate revolved around policy proposals from two social movements: one social movement wanted to preserve as much of the remaining old-growth forests as possible, and an opposing social movement supported a continued sustainable logging of the forests for hardwood products. This research project undertook a comparative case study analysis of Australia (TCA) on the pro-logging side and Liberals For Forests (LFF) on the anti-logging side. It drew on a macro-level European theoretical approach (New Social Movement theory) and a US organizational approach (Resource Mobilisation Theory). The study also investigated the extent to which these two social movement organisations (SMOs) had been effective in
Over the past 30 years in Western Australia (WA), there has been a heated debate about the future use of the remaining temperate old-growth forests of karri and jarrah in the south-west of the State. This debate revolved around policy proposals from two social movements: one social movement wanted to preserve as much of the remaining old-growth forests as possible, and an opposing social movement supported a continued sustainable logging of the forests for hardwood products. This research project undertook a comparative case study
analysis of one WA organisation from each of these two social movements- Timber Communities Australia (TCA) on the pro-logging side and Liberals For Forests (LFF) on the anti-logging side. It drew on a macro-level European theoretical approach (New Social Movement theory) and a US organizational approach (Resource Mobilisation Theory). The study also investigated the extent to which these two social movement organisations (SMOs) had been effective in influencing the development of State forest policy. For this purpose Schumakers (1975) framework for judging the political effectiveness of social movements was used. The key research problem investigated in this thesis is why these two SMOs continued to debate the forest policy issue after more than 30 years of public controversy?
Interviews with a key range of stakeholders were the key research method of this study. Additionally, an investigation into important economic and social changes in the south west was undertaken using census and other data between 1971 and 2001 and this was supported by an historical analysis of the timber industry in WAs south west. Finally, a 3-year study of the reporting of forest issues by two local and one national newspaper was completed. The 1998-2000 period was chosen for the newspaper analysis as this was when the new Regional Forest Agreement was being finalised.
This research shows that new values toward the old-growth forests developed among the WA public over the past 30 years and this has created an unbridgeable policy gap between those such as the TCA who wanted the past policies to continue and those such as the LFF who wanted to preserve the remaining native forests. ABS data confirm that the south-west region of WA changed dramatically between 1970 and 2000 as the wine and tourism industries developed and that these changes were different to those occurring in the other wine regions and non-city areas of Australia. As the population increased in this region, a key segment attracted by these new employment opportunities were middle class, well-educated people with new values toward the natural environment.
The interview and newspaper article data clearly showed that the debate in WA in the late 1990s over the proposed RFA provided a new political opportunity for the anti-logging movement to raise their concerns and to establish a renewed public debate about the appropriateness of the WA forest policies. This came at a time when the traditional policy power of the timber industry stakeholders and the government department in charge of the forests (Conservation And Land Management) had been dramatically diminished. The combination of these factors led to the election of the new ALP government and the introduction of a new, non-logging policy for WAs old-growth native forests.
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Gadoury, Marc. "Sir Henri Gustave Joly de Lotbinière, visionnaire et promoteur de la conservation des forêts, au Québec, à la fin due XIXe siècle." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape17/PQDD_0012/MQ31723.pdf.
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Uliczka, Helen. "Forest biodiversity maintenance : instruments and indicators in the policy implementation /." Uppsala : Dept. of Conservation Biology, Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences, 2003. http://epsilon.slu.se/s291.pdf.
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Bodare, Sofia. "Conservation Genetics and Speciation in Asian Forest Trees." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Evolutionär funktionsgenomik, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-198798.
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Tropical forests are important because they are the home of millions of species at the same time as they perform ecosystem services and provide food, cash income and raw materials for the people living there. The present thesis elucidates questions relevant to the conservation of selected forest trees as it adds to the knowledge in the phylogeny, population structure, genetic diversity and adaptation in these species. We investigated the genetic diversity and speciation of four spruce species around the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP), Western China, and one from Taiwan. Nucleotide diversity was low in P. schrenkiana and the Taiwanese P. morrisonicola but higher in P. likiangensis, P. purpurea and P. wilsonii. This can be explained by the population bottlenecks that were detected in the two former species by coalescent-based analysis. The phylogenetic relationships between the five species were difficult to interpret, possibly because other Asian spruce species might have been involved. However, all species are distinct except P. purpurea, which likely has a hybrid origin. The rate of bud set and expression of the FTL2 gene in response to photoperiod in the southernmost growing spruce species, P. morrisonicola, was studied. We found that in this species, although growing near the equator, bud set appears to be induced mainly by a shortening of photoperiod, similarly to its more northerly growing spruce relatives. In addition, seedlings originating from mother trees growing at higher elevations showed a trend towards earlier bud set than seedlings originating from mother trees at lower altitudes. We also studied the population structure and genetic diversity in the endemic white cedar (Dysoxylum malabaricum) in the Western Ghats, India. Overall, no increase in inbreeding that could be related to human activities could be detected. Populations appear to have maintained genetic diversity and gene flow in spite of forest fragmentation over the distribution range. However, there is a severe lack of juveniles and young adults in several populations that needs to be further addressed. Finally, we recommend conservation units based on population structure.
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Humphreys, David. "The global politics of forest conservation, 1983-1994." Thesis, City University London, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.282077.
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Ite, Uwem Efiong. "Agriculture and tropical forest conservation in southeast Nigeria." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1996. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/284361.
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Bessa, Nélita Gonçalves Faria de. "Brazilian savanna forest : conservation, medicinal reservoir and bioprospecting." Doctoral thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/13350.
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Doutoramento em Biologia e Ecologia das Alterações GlobaisThis study aimed to analyse the Brazilian savanna forest from a Legal Reserve (LR) area from a perspective of conservation, reservoir of organic carbon and medicinal biomass for a prospective use of native medicinal plants. An ethnobotanical and ethnopharmacological survey was carried out close to a community settled in the rural area in the south of Tocantins, being selected 9 of the most cited species (cajuí- Anacardium othonianum; inharé-Brosimum gaudichaudii; jatobá-Hymenaeae courbaril; jenipapo-Genipa americana, aroeira-Myracrodruon urundeuva; negramina-Siparuna guianensis; barbatimão- Stryphnodendron obovatum; assa peixe-Vernonia brasiliana, embaúba-Cecropia pachystachya). Crude foliar extracts were subjected to a preliminary phytochemical prospection and triage of secondary metabolites with antimicrobial activity of potential interest in health and familiar agriculture. Phenolic compounds, terpenes and flavonoids were detected in the extracts of most species, which suggests the presence of antimicrobial, antioxidant and anti-insect activities. It was evident the need to better know the LR as a reservoir of medicinal biomass in an area under ecological tension where 35% (610ha) of the property is LR and should be protected by law. Therefore, a forest inventory of live woody species was performed using the allometric or indirect method. This identified a rare remnant of Semidecidual Seasonal Forest amidst the largest world savannah, the Cerrado biome. An analysis of the forest average productivity per basal area (m².ha), aerial live biomass (ton.ha-1) and carbon stock was carried out. The forest fragment was considered relatively rich in species and diversity, although showing signs of disturbance and dominance by a few species. Its horizontal structure suggests biotic regeneration conditions. It is an important reservoir of medicinal plants. Of the families (57.5%) presenting medicinal species, 19 from a total of 33 are represented in the area and contain 44% (27) of the total species (61) and 63% (432) of the total individuals catalogued. Medicinal species have ecological importance for the equilibrium of the local flora and represent 80% of the 10 species with higher Importance Value Index (IVI): Tetragastris altissima, Chrysophyllum marginatum, Oenocarpus distichus, Sclerolobium paniculatum, Simarouba versicolor, Alibertia macrophylla, Siparuna guianensis, Maprounea guianensis, Licania parvifolia e Physocalymma scaberrimum. Medicinal productivity was high for this type of phytophysionomy: 183,2 ton. ha-1 of biomass and 91,51 ton. ha-1 of carbon representing 66% of the total biomass and carbon of this Cerrado forest. From this stage S. guianensis (Siparunaceae) was selected for performing bioassays in order to verify its biological activity against microorganisms of health and agricultural relevance. This is a native aromatic medicinal plant recommended as priority for conservation, with local popular medicinal validation and availability of medicinal feedstock (3300 Kg.ha-1), with the foliar fraction giving 38Kg/ha of crude extract and 5L/ha of essential oil. Foliar crude extracts and essential oil were obtained and tested in vitro using a disk diffusion bioassay. Different concentrations of these natural products were tested against gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213), gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and ATCC 35218; Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 10145) and fungi (Candida albicans ATCC 6258 e Fusarium oxysporum). The essential oil inhibited the growth of S. aureus in its crude concentration (380μg.mL-1), as well as diluted to half (190μg.mL-1) and a quarter strength (95μg.mL-1). It’s likely that such action is due to sesquiterpenes major components, such as bisabolol and bisabolene (10.35%), measured by gas chromatography (GC-MS, GC-FID). Extracts did not exhibit any antimicrobial activity against the microorganisms tested. The native medicinal plants prospective market is an alternative that favours the conservation of biodiversity while generating benefits for the development of sustainable family productive activities within local ecosystems instead of the current inappropriate uses. This strengthens conservation policies of Legal Reserve in rural settlements and is in agreement with public policy on global warming and climate changes.
O estudo objetivou analisar floresta de área de Reserva Legal (RL) de savana brasileira na perspectiva da conservação, reservatório de carbono orgânico e biomassa medicinal para uso prospectivo das plantas medicinais nativas. Foi realizado levantamento etnobotânico e etnofarmacológico junto à comunidade assentada em área rural do Estado do Tocantins, sendo eleitas 9 espécies mais citadas (cajuí-Anacardium othonianum; inharé-Brosimum gaudichaudii; jatobá-Hymenaeae courbaril; jenipapo-Genipa americana, aroeira-Myracrodruon urundeuva; negramina-Siparuna guianensis; barbatimão-Stryphnodendron obovatum; assa peixe-Vernonia brasiliana, embaúba-Cecropia pachystachya). Foi feita a prospecção fitoquímica preliminar dos extratos brutos foliares e triagem dos metabolitos secundários potenciais de atividades antimicrobianas. Os compostos fenólicos, terpenos e flavonoídicos apresentaram positividade nos extratos da maioria das espécies, sugerindo atividades antimicrobianas, antioxidantes e contra insetos. A RL é criada por lei e ocupa localmente 35% da propriedade rural, tornando-se importante reservatório de biomassa medicinal, mas está sob tensão ecológica. Nela foi realizado inventário florestal de espécies lenhosas arbórea-arbustivas vivas usando o método alométrico, identificando raro remanescente de Floresta Estacional Semidecídua em meio à maior savana mundial, o Bioma Cerrado. Foi feita a análise da produtividade média da floresta pela área basal (m².ha), biomassa (ton.ha-1) aérea viva e estoque de carbono (ton.ha-1). O fragmento de floresta foi considerado relativamente rico em espécies e diversidade ainda mantida, mas com sinais de distúrbios e dominada por poucas espécies. Sua estrutura horizontal é sugestiva de condições de regeneração biótica. É um importante reservatório de plantas medicinais: mais da metade (57,5%) das famílias são de espécies medicinais, 19 de um total de 33; guardam 44% (27) do total de espécies (61) e 63% (432) do total de indivíduos (686) inventariados. As espécies medicinais têm importância ecológica para o equilíbrio da flora local, onde 80% estiveram representadas dentre as 10 espécies de maior Índice de Valor de Importância (IVI): Tetragastris altissima, Chrysophyllum marginatum, Oenocarpus distichus, Sclerolobium paniculatum, Simarouba versicolor, Alibertia macrophylla, Siparuna guianensis, Maprounea guianensis, Licania parvifolia e Physocalymma scaberrimum. A produtividade medicinal foi alta para este tipo de fitofisionomia: biomassa de 183,2 ton. ha-1 e carbono de 91,51 ton. ha-1 representando 66% de toda biomassa e carbono desta floresta de Cerrado. Desta etapa foi eleita S. guianensis (Siparunaceae) para realização de bioensaio objetivando verificar atividade biológica frente aos microorganismos de interesse da agricultura familiar e da saude, sendo uma espécie medicinal aromática nativa e recomendada como prioritária de conservação, com validação medicinal popular local e disponibilidade de matéria prima medicinal (3300 Kg.ha-1), conferindo a fração foliar 38Kg/ha de extrato bruto e 5L/ha de óleo essencial. Extratos brutos e óleo essencial foliar foram obtidos e testados em bioensaio in vitro feito por difusão em disco, utilizando diferentes concentrações dos produtos naturais frente a bactérias gram-positivas (Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213), bactérias gram-negativas (Escherichia. coli ATCC 25922 e ATCC 35218; Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 10145) e fungos (Candida albicans ATCC 6258 e Fusarium oxysporum). O óleo essencial inibiu o crescimento bacteriano de S. aureus nas concentrações brutas (380μg. mL-1), diluído a metade (190μg.mL-1) e a um quarto (95μg.mL-1). É provável que tal ação seja devido aos componentes majoritários sesquiterpenos, como bisabolol e bisaboleno (10,35%), avaliados por cromatografia gasosa (CG-SM; CG-FID). Para os extratos não houve positividade quanto à ação antimicrobiana. Estudos prospectivos envolvendo plantas medicinais nativas podem ajudar na conservação da biodiversidade, gerando subsídios para o desenvolvimento de atividades produtivas familiares sustentáveis no âmbito de ecossistemas locais em lugar dos usos inadequados atualmente praticados. Isto fortalece a politica de conservação de RL em assentamentos rurais e está em sintonia com a política pública de aquecimento global e mudanças climáticas.
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Chivheya, Renias V. "Indigenous forests level of deforestation, forest dependency and factors determining willingness to participate in indigenous forest conservation: evidence from resettled farmers of Shamva, Zimbabwe." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/2370.
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This study first explored the rate of forest deforestation in Shamva resettlement areas. It then identified and estimated the extent to which these resettled farmers depend on forest for their livelihoods. Evaluation of farmer perceptions on management issues and willingness to participate in indigenous forest conservation and the socio-economic and institutional factors which affect their willingness to participate were also done. Finally the study sought to identify incentives for forests conservation. The study was conducted in Shamva district in Mashonaland Central province. And the respondents were stratified into three groups: A1, A2 and Old resettlement models. The three models differ on how they were implemented and supported which might render them to have different deforestation rates, livelihood strategies and forest dependency. A total of 247 respondents were surveyed, consisting of 98 A1 farmers, 50 A2 farmers and 99 Old resettled farmers. The data was collected using GIS and remote sensing, structured questionnaire interviews and direct observation. The data was analysed using descriptive analysis, KAP analytic framework and binary logistic regression analysis. The land cover/changes results revealed that both deforestation and afforestation are taking place in Shamva resettlement. Woodland and bushland were decreasing, croplands were also decreasing. However woodland dense and grasslands were increasing. Deforestation was found to be as a result of the resettled farmers’ livelihood strategies which were found to be diverse and agriculture being dominant in all models. All the farmers depended on the forest but at varying levels of 19 percent for Old and 14 percent forA1 and 0.02 percent for A2 resettle farmers. 84 percent of the interviewed farmers however, indicated that they are willing to conserve forest with A1 farmers being the highest followed by A2 86 percent and lastly Old resettled farmers at 76.8 percent. Results of the binary regression model revealed that the significant factors which explain willingness to participate in indigenous forest conservation are age, marital status, education, gender, institution, culture and belief, employment and household size. The highest preferred incentive was the provision of free seedlings and the lowest was out grower scheme. The study recommends that GIS and remote sensing should be used to monitor deforestation, off farm projects be encouraged, exotic and indigenous trees be promoted and forest conservation education be promoted in resettlement areas.
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Wilebore, Rebecca. "Valuing forests in tropical landscapes in the context of REDD+." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2015. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.709048.
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Weibull, Henrik. "Bryophytes on boulders : diversity, habitat preferences and conservation aspects /." Uppsala : Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences (Sveriges lantbruksuniv.), 2000. http://epsilon.slu.se/avh/2000/99-3371261-6.pdf.
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Painter, Rosario Lilian Elizabeth. "Gardeners of the forest : plant-animal interactions in a neotropical forest ungulate community." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.366366.
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Callister, Katrina. "Casuarina pauper (belah) woodlands of northwest Victoria : monitoring and regeneration." Thesis, The Author [Mt. Helen, Vic.] :, 2004. http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/HandleResolver/1959.17/33419.
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"The study focused on C. pauper woodland in northwest Victoria, an area where the recent establishment of the Murray-Sunset National Park (MSNP) provides an ideal opportunity to manage these woodlands to promote regeneration"Doctor of Philosophy
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Safford, Roger. "Conservation of the forest-living native birds of Mauritius." Thesis, University of Kent, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.386987.
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Eggert, Lori S. "The evolution and conservation of the African forest elephant /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3013708.
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Batagoda, B. M. S. "Valuing rainforests : a botanical and ethnobotanical study of non-timber forest products in the Sinharaja forest of Sri Lanka." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.267276.
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This study seeks to investigate whether the biodiversity conservation of the Sinharaja rainforest in Sri Lanka can be economically justified solely in terms of its non-timber forest products (NTFPs) extraction potential as claimed by some recent research. A variety of methods and techniques were deployed including a botanical inventory survey, a crosssectional ethnobotanical survey, an ethnobotanical log-book survey and an ethnozoological survey. Several aspects relating to the NTFPs use: a) valuing the total inventory stock, the total extractable stock limit, the potential flow and actual flow; b) estimating the wild meat flow; c) seasonality of harvesting; d) sustainability issues; e) influence of phytosociological characteristics; f) influence of socio-economic characteristics; and g) forest accessibility; and h) market accessibility were investigated. Biophysical and socio-economic factors influencing the NTFPs value were investigated using a regression analysis. The impact of the NTFPs extraction on the regeneration of the natural population was investigated using three forest sites, a proximal site, a distant site, and a logged forest. The local peoples' perception about the sustainability of NTFPs harvesting was analysed using logit regression analysis. A geographic information system was used to investigatet he influenceo f accessibilityt o the forest and to the marketplace from the villages on the forest products flow. Finally, the NTFPs value was compared with alternative land-clearance use and timber use values. The results indicate that the NTFPs extraction value is insufficient on its own to economically justify the rainforest biodiversity conservation in Sri Lanka, and perhaps elsewhere. There is also some doubt about the long term sustainability of forest products extraction. The study concludes that the rainforest conservation will have to be justified by a full total economic value (use and non-use values) appraisal, together with other scientific and ethical reasoning and cannot be promoted solely on the basis of non-timber extraction value.
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Hummel, Brittany Ann. "Seeing the Forests for the Tourists: Forest-Based Entrepreneurial Tourism Enterprises in the Northeast." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2008. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/HummelBA2008.pdf.
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Richards, Michael. "Economic incentives for the sustainable management and conservation of tropical forests." Thesis, University of South Wales, 2007. https://pure.southwales.ac.uk/en/studentthesis/economic-incentives-for-the-sustainable-management-and-conservation-of-tropical-forests(eb11e629-42d7-4fbf-924c-769ac6a42471).html.
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This PhD by Publication traces through 13 of my publications on economic incentives for forest management and conservation in tropical countries (with a regional bias towards Latin America), including several papers focused on participatory forest management or community-based conservation. The papers show how my thinking has evolved from a focus on market and nonmarket incentives, to an increasing emphasis on governance and regulatory incentives in explaining stakeholder behaviour to the forest resource, as well as the equity impacts. They reveal that positive incentives and win-win (environmental and poverty reduction) outcomes will only emerge when the underlying market, policy and institutional failures are tackled. Because of their public good values, the survival of tropical forests is contingent on the actions of the international community and governments. Sustainable forestry, therefore, depends on a combination of domestic governance progress to control illegal logging and the rent-seeking powers of vested interest groups, global governance regulations which create markets for environmental services, secure property rights for resident stakeholders and extra-sectoral policies that moderate land use opportunity costs. The current main hope for tropical forests is 'avoided deforestation' since this will need to tackle the forest governance problems and underlying multi-sectoral drivers of deforestation if it is to be successful. It represents a balanced market (payments for ecosystem services) and supply-side (improved governance) response to what is essentially a 'public goods' management problem, but will need to overcome some major political economy challenges.
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Tubelis, Dárius Pukenis. "Patch-matrix interactions and bird species conservation in a plantation-dominated landscape in Australia." Connect to this title online, 2005. http://tede.ibict.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=327.
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Eckley, Michael C. "Aesthetic Values of Five Primary Wood Transporting Methods Common to Northern New England." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2004. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/EckleyMC2004.pdf.
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Romero, Jennifer Estefania. "Forest conservation in Argentina : early analysis of the Forest Law implementation in the Chaco Ecoregion." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/43583.
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Argentina is a federal republic, where livestock and agriculture have shown spectacular development due to commodity-oriented policies and land-use change, resulting in a consequent loss of native forests. In this context, in 2007, the Argentinean government enacted National Law 26.331 of Minimum Standards for the Environmental Protection of Native Forests (Forest Law) whose objectives are, among others, to promote the conservation of native forests through land-use planning. This process has been developed in different ways in the provinces of the country. This research is focused on the Provinces of Salta, Santiago del Estero and Córdoba in northern Argentina - Chaco Ecoregion. These provinces have shown high deforestation rates and some conflicts with the Forest Law’s administration.
The analysis focuses on the Forest Law implementation, and is undertaken considering the extent to which objectives have been met so far, and the main forces, factors or drivers affecting the Law’s implementation in the three provinces. The evaluation of the Law is focused on its outputs (budget and deforestation rates). Impacts on forest conservation, local economy or social benefits (outcomes) are not analyzed since it is too early to evaluate them.
This research is based on secondary data analysis, available public data from governmental and non-governmental institutions, unpublished data requested of institution representatives, and through the analysis of unpublished valuable information gathered in the course of interviews conducted by myself, for a non-academic study.
The results show that local implementation of the Forest Law is highly affected by external forces. Despite the fact that some provinces have followed the guidelines provided by the regulation, the Forest Law has not been effective so far, since high deforestation rates still occur. However, many forest conservation projects have benefited from the law, which could have long-term visible effects. The problems related to its effective implementation are not related to the Forest Law itself, but to the inconsistency of the Provincial Forest Laws with the national regulation, the degree in which the Provincial Forest Laws reflect the participatory process that originated them, and with their control and monitoring.
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Tariku, Haile Yineger. "Comparing Bird Communities and a Forest Tree in Fragmented Remnants in NW Ethiopia: Inventory, Conservation Planning, Modelling and Conservation Genetic Approaches." Thesis, Griffith University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/367874.
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Anthropogenic disturbance regimes in areas that were once large continuous habitats have been major drivers of habitat fragmentation and loss which in turn form the largest worldwide threat to biodiversity. Studies suggest that functional trait based approaches provide better understanding of fragmentation effects on ecological processes in human- modified landscapes. However, research on these thematic areas is limited in many tropical regions, such as Ethiopia. In the second chapter of this thesis, I evaluated sensitivity of bird communities and functional groups to fragmentation processes in Ethiopia. Standard point counts were used to survey birds in 16 remnant forest patches
of variable sizes and degrees of isolation. The information theoretic model selection approach was used for precise understanding of avian functional group responses to habitat loss and fragmentation. Results showed strong impacts of forest loss and fragmentation on forest specialists, insectivores, frugivores, open nesters, understorey nesters and resident birds. These results led to the identification of indicator bird functional groups, which can be used to prioritize sites for conservation particularly where management funds are limited. Specifically, the indicator groups can provide the cheapest option to efficiently conserve biodiversity of the region particularly when systematic conservation planning approaches are used while at the same time considering important landscape features, socio-economic, political and bioclimatic factors. Where management resources are affordable, protection and restoration of the remnant forest patches and matrix vegetation may help mitigate the negative effects of fragmentation on the specialist bird functional groups.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Griffith School of Environment
Science, Environment, Engineering and Technology
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Breiner, Amber Leigh. "Stewardship planning on conservation easements in the Forest Legacy Program /." Connect to title online (Scholars' Bank), 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/7999.
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Shitima, Mwepya Ephraim. "Forest Conservation and People’s Livelihoods: Explaining Encroachment on Zambia’s Protected Forest Landscapes - The Case Of Mwekera National Forest, Kitwe, Copperbelt." Thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Social Sciences and Technology Management, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-571.
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Forest Conservation and People’s Livelihoods: Explaining Encroachment on Zambia’s Protected Forest Landscapes - The Case Of Mwekera National Forest, Kitwe, Copperbelt
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The conflicts between conservation objectives and the livelihood needs of local communities are intricate and difficult to resolve and yet the success of any conservation effort hinges on their solution. This is particularly true in forest conservation in Third World countries like Zambia, where rural populations depend directly on forest resources, which are in many cases protected.
Forest reserves in Zambia have undergone drastic changes over the years due to encroachment by such human activities as agriculture, charcoal burning and even settlements. This has led to the deforestation of most of them including Mwekera National Forest in Kitwe on the Copperbelt province. The Forest Department has attempted to involve the people in the management of these resources in a bid to redress the trend. But the fundamental causes for the encroachment and deforestation are not clear. This study was focused on unearthing the underlying causes of encroachment and the subsequent deforestation of Mwekera National Forest. This was done through a qualitative ethnographic approach employing individual interviews, focused group discussions, observations and pictures of relevant phenomena. The target groups included the forest communities living in and around Mwekera National Forest as well as government forestry officials at both local and national levels. The study was based on nature-culture theory, knowledge systems theory as well as the participatory approach.
The study reveals that macro-economic policies such as privatisation of the mines has undermined people’s livelihoods while the inefficient and bureaucratic land delivery system made “vacant” protected forest land an attractive option. The policy contradictions between the forest sector and other sectors such as energy, agriculture and land have not helped matters. Organisational constraints on the Forest Department such as its inadequate human, financial and other resources coupled with the delay in its transformation to a more autonomous Forest Commission have not secured protected forests. Its old centralist management approach has made participation by local people difficult to effect despite being provided for under new forestry policy and law. This has meant that decisions made by officials lack meaningful involvement and support of the local people, thereby seriously hindering effective forest protection. Herein lies one major cause of encroachment.
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Falcao, Mario Paulo Pereira da Silva. "Policy impact on stakeholder benefits and resource use and conservation in Mozambique : the case study of Moflor Forest Concession Area and Pindanganga Community Area." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/50420.
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Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2005.Some digitised pages may appear illegible due to the condition of the hard copy.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: A case study in miombo woodlands was carried out in Pindanganga and MOFLOR forest concession, Gondola and Dondo Districts respectively, in the centre of Mozambique, to analyse the impact of alternative forest management regimes and sectoral and extra sectoral policies on the well being of stakeholders and conservation of the woodlands. A system dynamics model, MIOMBOSIM, based on game theory and implemented in POWERSIM was developed. The analysis is based on a simulation model of the fluctuation over time of the human population, forest dynamics, harvesting costs of the private sector, household consumption, commercial outputs and prices (timber, charcoal, non timber forest products and domestic animals), using data from field surveys and the literature. It also simulated the effects over time of changes in charcoal production efficiency, sales amount and marketing prices of NTFPs, agricultural output prices, off-miombo greater employment availability and a combination between the changes (simultaneous increase in marketing prices ofNTFPs and agricultural output prices, simultaneous increase in charcoal production efficiency and agricultural output prices, and simultaneous increase in off-miombo greater employment availability and agricultural output prices). The modelling approach chosen allows to evaluate management regimes taking into account the different stakeholder interests, which are often conflicting. This study shows that improvement in the well being of stakeholders and resource conservation can be achieved with sound forest management practices. There is no management regime capable of fully satisfying the goals of the stakeholders. The cooperative management option is potentially beneficial to local communities if properly implemented and can improve the rural livelihoods and the woodland resources condition. It also shows that regulated forest management regimes incorporating social concerns or incorporating social and environmental concerns are potentially more beneficial to the household sector than the open access regime. Results found in the study show that an increase by 10% and 30% on charcoal production efficiency can lead to an increase in the per capita benefits of the household sector by 3.0 to more than 100%, but can not reach the poverty line (one dollar per day per person). An increase by 100% in the sales amount or 100% increase in market selling prices of NTFPs can lead to an increase in the per capita benefits of the household sector. An increase in agricultural output selling prices by 25% without any other incentive leads to agricultural expansion. An increase by 100% in off-miembo employment opportunities in the study areas has an insignificant impact on resource use and conservation for the local communities due to the very low employment opportunities currently in place (0.008% in Pindanganga and 0.005% in MOFLOR area). A combination of these two policies instruments under ceteris paribus condition can improve the well being of the rural communities depending on the management regime option, but can not reach the poverty line (one dollar per day per person). The ranking of the management regime can change depending on the policy instrument applied.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: 'n Gevalle-studie is in Miombo boomveld in Pindanganga en MOFLOR, onderskeidelik in die Gondola en Dondo Distrikte in die sentrale deel van Mosambiek, uitgevoer om die impak van alternatiewe bosbestuursisteme en sektorale en ekstra-sektorale beleide op die welstand van belanghebbendes (stakeholders) en bewaring van die boomveld te ontleed. 'n Sisteem-dinamika model, MIOMBOSIM, gebaseer op spel teorie (game theory) en ge-implementeer in POWERSIM, was ontwikkel. Die analise is gebaseer op 'n simulasie-model van die fluktuasie oor tyd van die plaaslike bevolking, bosdinamika, oestingskostes van die private sektor, huishoudelike verbruik, kommersiële uitsette en pryse (hout, houtskool, nie-hout produkte en huishoudelike diere), deur data van veldopnames en uit die literatuur te gebruik. Die invloede oor tyd in veranderinge in effektiwiteit van houtskoolproduksie, verkoopsvlakke en markpryse van nie-hout produkte, landbou uitsetpryse, beskikbare indiensneming buite die Miombo boomveldgebiede, en 'n kombinasie tussen die veranderinge, is ook gesimuleer. Die gekose modelleringsbenadering het dit moontlik gemaak om die bosbestuursisteme te evalueer met inagneming van die verskillende en dikwels teenstrydige behoeftes van die belanghebbendes. Die studie het getoon dat verbetering In die welstand van die belanghebbendes en hulpbronbewaring bereik kan word met gesonde bosbestuurspraktyke. Geeneen van die bosbestuursisteme kan die doelwitte van die belanghebbendes ten volle bevredig nie. Die kooperatiewe bestuursopsie is potensieel voordelig vir die plaaslike gemeeskappe indien behoorlik ge-implementeer, en kan die landelike lewensbestaan sowel as die toestand van die boomveld as hulpbron verbeter. Gereguleerde bosbestuursisteme wat sosiale belange of sosialeomgewingsbelange insluit, is potensieel meer voordelig vir die huishoudelike sektor as die vrye toegangsisteem (open access regime). Resultate van die studie het getoon dat 'n toename van onderskeidelik 10% and 30% in effektiwiteit van houtskoolproduksie kan lei tot 'n toename in per kapita voordele van die huishoudelike sektor van 3.0% tot meer as 100%, maar kan nie lei tot 'n vebetering bokant die armoedevlak nie (een VSA doller per dag per persoon). 'n Toename van 100% in die hoeveelheid verkope of 'n 100% toename in die markverkoopsprys van nie-hout produkte kan lei tot 'n toename in die per kapita voordele van die huishoudelike sektor. 'n Toename in die landbou uitsetverkoopspryse met 25% sonder enige ander insentiewe lei tot landbou-uitbreiding. 'n 100% Toename in indiensnemingsgeleenthede buite die Miombo boomveldgebiede in die studiegebiede het onbeduidende impakte op hulpbrongebruik en bewaring vir die plaaslike gemeenskappe as gevolg van baie lae huidige indiensnemingsgeleenthede (0.008% in Pindanganga en 0.005% in MOFLOR). 'n Kombinasie van die twee beleidsinstrumente onder toestande van ceteris paribus kan die welstand van die landelike gemeenskappe verbeter afhangende van die bestuursisteemopsie, maar kan nie die armoedsvlak oorskry nie (een VSA doller per dag per persoon). Die rangorde van die bestuursisteem kan verander afhangende van watter beleidsinstrument toegepas word.
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Ashkan, Far Mino. "The Joint Forest Management of Ufiome Forest Reserve and Sustainable Development : A case study in Babati District, Tanzania." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för livsvetenskaper, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-9732.
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The objective of this Bachelor Thesis is to study the participatory forest management of Ufiome Forest Reserve in Babati, Tanzania. Further the aim is to determine whether the Joint Forest Management of Ufiome can be considered as a part of a sustainable development. The concept of Sustainable Development is discussed in relation to the forest management of Ufiome. Through the method of semi-structured interviews during a 3 week field study in Babati District, Tanzania, came the conclusion that the Joint Forest Management of Ufiome was considered successful in conserving the forest and the ecosystem of which it holds in an effective way. Benefits such as access to water and more fodder and fruits are brought up. However in relation to the concept of the three spheres of Sustainable Development, the ecologic, social and economic, the success was not as apparent. Development of a sustainable character needs to exist in all the spheres. Economically, little to no financial gain or stimulation was evident. Although the social status has gone up in general in the District and in the villages, the process is slow. People are starting to notice a change in the villages due to the forest management. With this in mind the Joint Forest Management of Ufiome, although successful, has its flaws and needs to further develop. Informants for this thesis consist of local villagers in the area of Ufiome forest and District Officials, the majority of which share hope and a strong belief that such conservation strategies as that of the Joint Forest Management of Ufiome is a clear step in the right direction for a sustainable future.
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Thomas, Christopher. "Participatory Forest Management and Actor Role Dependency in Arabuko-Sokoke Forest Reserve, Kenya." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/13333.
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Conservation management of state-controlled forests has shifted away from strict, centralized management by incorporating community-based co-management initiatives. Often termed participatory forest management, these initiatives include local residents in forest planning, implementation, and management. This thesis examines two case studies located at the Arabuko-Sokoke Forest Reserve, Kenya. The case studies illustrate how imbalances of power establish participant (actor) roles through policies set by governments and NGOs. Power imbalances are perpetuated through hegemonies of postcolonialism that reinforce actor role perceptions. Awareness and understanding of role perceptions is paramount in participatory conservation initiatives that benefit both the physical environment and community development. Analyzing histories of past conservation initiatives with assessments of current and perceived future issues may reduce unrealistic role expectations. Examining actor role contributions at multiple scales of power is necessary. Reflection upon how roles influence perceptions may decrease failures of conservation initiatives involving affluent global donors and marginalized local communities.
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Johansson, Therese. "The conservation of saproxylic beetles in boreal forest : importance of forest management and dead wood characteristics /." Umeå : Dept. of Animal Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2006. http://epsilon.slu.se/200666.pdf.
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Adams, Bryce Timothy. "Quantifying avian and forest communities to understand interdependencies of ecological systems and inform forest bird conservation." The Ohio State University, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1531866781943962.
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Park, Mi Sun. "Media discourse in forest communication : the issue of forest conservation in the Korean and global media /." Göttingen : Cuvillier, 2009. http://d-nb.info/99588532X/04.
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Krumland, Daniela. "Beitrag der Medien zum politischen Erfolg : Forstwirtschaft und Naturschutz im Politikfeld Wald /." Frankfurt a.M. [u.a.] : Lang, 2004. http://www.gbv.de/dms/goettingen/381908437.pdf.
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Surmelihindi, Ozan. "Defining Conservation Principles For The Brewery Of Ataturk Forest Farm." Master's thesis, METU, 2013. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12615765/index.pdf.
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The subject of the conservation and preservation of industrial heritage was started to be handled starting from the middle of 20th Century in Europe. As in Turkey, industrial heritage concept is a subject which is in agenda in last years. Awareness about the subject increased with the help of social movements starting especially with the demolition of Ankara Maltepe Gas and Electric Factory. The Brewery of Ataturk Forest Farm should also be handled not to share the same fate with this example which was witnessed recently.
In the years when Ataturk Forest Farm was founded, it was realized that industry is important for the economic development. In this sense, First Five Year Industry Plan, which was prepared with the order of Mustafa Kemal Ataturk to accelerate industrialization, was taken into action in 1934 and many industrial complexes were founded according to this plan. The Brewery of Atatürk Forest Farm is one of the reflections of First Five Year Industry Plan in Ankara. Today, the Brewery of Atatü
rk Forest Farm is out of use, ill conditioned and faced with the danger of destruction. Therefore, the brewery of Atatü
rk Forest Farm, which is one of the most significant examples of the industrial buildings of the Early Republican Period and located on a debated context like Atatü
rk Forest Farm, should be conserved and handed down the next generations.
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Murray, Leslie M. "The Forest for the Trees: Gifford Pinchot’s Principles of Conservation." OpenSIUC, 2018. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/2398.
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Gifford Pinchot’s principles of conservation embody the democratic principles of the United States and how those principles remain relevant today. The three central characteristics of Pinchot’s principles of conservation are wise use, avoiding waste, and securing the autonomy of democratic citizens by preventing monopolistic control over our natural resources. Pinchot’s aim place democratic aspirations at the fore. A case study of the environmental degradation revealed throughout the life-cycle of the cellular phone exhibits how Pinchot’s principles are not only relevant, but sorely needed today. Furthermore, this case study also reveals how globalized corporatism has become the antithesis of the democratic aims of the global citizenry. Pinchot’s principles advise us to check the global monopolies of multinational corporations and greed for greed’s sake to secure a democratic future for the most people, in perpetuity. Though his principles are often neglected, they are more relevant now than ever.
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Sawathvong, Silavanh. "Participatory land management planning in biodiversity conservation areas of Lao PDR /." Umeå : Dept. of Forest Resource Management and Geomatics, Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences, 2003. http://epsilon.slu.se/s267.pdf.
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Taylor, Brittany N. "Forest Policy and Community-Based Conservation in Democratic Republic of the Congo." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2011. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/118.
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Review of forestry policy and deforestation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, with a look at REDD, national parks, forest certification systems, non-timber forest products (NTFPs) and a focus on community-based conservation.
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Mudekwe, John. "The impact of subsistence use of forest products and the dynamics of harvested woody species populations in a protected forest reserve in Western Zimbabwe." Thesis, Link to the online version, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/1179.
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