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Books on the topic 'Forest functioning'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 2 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

P, Singh Surendra, ed. Forests of Himalaya: Structure, functioning, and impact of man. Gyanodaya Prakashan, 1992.

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2

Agarwal, Bina. Group functioning and community forestry in South Asia: A gender analysis and conceptual framework. UNU World Institute for Development Economics Research, 2000.

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3

Ageshkina, Nataliya. Fundamentals of the functioning of the hotel industry. INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1072197.

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In this textbook, the basic foundations of the functioning of the hotel industry are considered (the concept of the hotel industry, its subjects, objects and participants; trends in the development of the hotel industry and its relationship with the hospitality industry; the concept, forms of organization and conduct of hotel activities; the concept, signs and types of hotel services; the basics of legal regulation of hotel activities; classification, criteria of consumer the choice and organizational structure of accommodation facilities; the basis of the legal status of the subjects of the h

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4

Tavokin, Evgeniy. Social policy. INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1172225.

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The textbook sets out the theoretical and methodological foundations, as well as specific directions of social policy. The principles of organization and mechanisms of functioning of social policy models in Western countries are considered. The material is illustrated by operational statistical and sociological facts. It is recommended for university students studying in the areas of " State and Municipal Management", "Personnel management", "Management", "Sociology" and other managerial specialties, students of various forms of training, profess

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5

Os'muhina, Ol'ga, Marina Urtminceva, and russkoy kafedra. The tradition of the author's mask in Russian prose of the XVIII-XIX centuries. INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1911018.

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The author's mask is one of the most important signs of literary consciousness from antiquity to the present, it becomes a synthesis of the author's self-expression and his transformation from a "real" figure into an artistic image functioning within the text space.  The monograph examines the author's mask as one of the most important elements of the author's strategy. Russian Russian authors comprehend the place of the author's mask in the structure of the author's consciousness in the process of the formation of the institution of authorship, and also study the tradition of using the

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6

Afanasenko, Ivan, and Vera Borisova. Logistics in the system of total knowledge. INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1521266.

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In the monograph, logistics is presented in an unusual form - as an element of a system of general, aggregate knowledge. This allowed the authors to reach new levels of knowledge and solve a number of complex problems.  The scientific theory of logistics is presented as a system of laws, categories and principles ordered according to internal causal necessity and explaining the nature of economic flows. The scientific substantiation of the complete logistics system as a set of complexes of activities and resistances is given. Using the example of the functioning of logistics flows, the e

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7

Pischulov, Viktor. Features of the stock markets of economically developed countries. INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1242225.

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The textbook is devoted to the study of the peculiarities of the stock markets of foreign countries. Due to the limited volume, it examines the stock markets of only economically developed countries, as well as one example of a supranational stock market. Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation. For students of all forms of education, the field of study 38.03.01 "Economics" (profiles "Finance and credit", "Banking", "Financial markets and exchange technologies"). It may be useful for practitioners whose activities to some e

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8

Ivanickiy, Viktor, and Mihail Loginov. Financial cycles and financial policy. INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/2108542.

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The monograph is devoted to the study of the peculiarities of the functioning of the financial system, the main of which is the cyclical nature of the processes taking place in the financial sector. The forms of financial cycles are revealed, as well as their interrelation and interdependence with economic cycles in general. The scientific novelty of the work consists in the identification and disclosure of elementary financial cycles of various types. The study of the problems of the cyclical nature of the financial sphere allows us to understand the essence of monetary relations, in particul

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Pischulov, Viktor, Viktor Ivanickiy, and Evgeniy Dyatel. Cyclical development of the economy and the financial sector. INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1895266.

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The monograph is devoted to certain difficult-to-understand issues of the cyclical development of the economy, the study of the features of the functioning of the system of economics and finance in the conditions of cyclical development. The forms of financial cycles are investigated, as well as their interrelation and interdependence with economic cycles in general. As a scientific novelty, it should be noted the identification and study of elementary financial cycles of various types. The study of the problems of the cyclical nature of the financial sphere allows us to penetrate into the ess

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10

Linnik, Vladimir. Destruction of coal seams during mining by dredging machines. INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1218150.

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The monograph is devoted to the issues of scientific substantiation of ways to improve the efficiency of the functioning of the executive bodies of coal mining machines used in the underground mining of coal seams, which are of great practical importance.  The results of studies on the reliability of destructive organs are new in the formulation and not previously published in the monograph format. A model is described and a physical interpretation of the failure patterns of auger assemblies and elements is given, methods for assessing the reliability and efficiency of using augers and c

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11

Mursalimov, Kamil', and Alik Habibulin. Theory of State and law. INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1844531.

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The textbook combines the latest state-legal developments with well-established knowledge of the national theory of state and law, the most important of which is the provision on the unity and interaction of state and law. The information on the modern development and functioning of the state and law is summarized, their role and importance in the global integration process are outlined; the methodological basis of legal science is determined, socio-economic and political-legal characteristics of the interaction between the state and society are given. Meets the requirements of the federal sta

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12

Pischulov, Viktor, E. V. Popov, and V. V. Semenenko. Economic theory: elements of institutional analysis. INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1225034.

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The textbook is devoted to topical problems of the theory of economic science, including macro- and microeconomics, as well as regional economics. Comprehensive coverage was given to issues related to the theory of finance and accounting. The textbook complies with the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation and includes educational and methodological material for students of all forms of education in the field of preparation 38.03.01 "Economics" (bachelor's degree) of various profiles. The disciplines studied in this direction

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13

Lednev, Mihail, and Il'ya Pokamestov. Factoring. INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1058317.

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The history of the origin and development of factoring operations, their classification, the mechanism of factoring as a method of financing the company's working capital, models of international factoring, risk management of this type of business, legal aspects of factoring in the Russian Federation, the current state of the factoring market in the world are considered. Special attention is paid to the functioning of the factoring company — its organizational structure, principles of working with clients, automation of factoring operations. The electronic component of the textbook

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14

Abramova, Aleksandra, Lyudmila Andrichenko, Nikolay Bondar', et al. Law-making in the context of international regionalization. INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2025. https://doi.org/10.12737/2192872.

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One of the main trends in the world order and the development of law is international regionalization, which has a direct impact not only on international relations, but also on national and subnational levels of public life. The monograph presents research on the role of integration processes in the development of lawmaking. His subject was various types and forms of international integration, its impact on the formation and development of national and supranational legal systems. Based on the comparative legal analysis, the importance of lawmaking for the functioning of integration entities

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15

E'kov, Evgeniy. The origin and evolution of the Universe. INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1852616.

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The monograph examines a wide range of problems related to the origin and development of the Universe. An overview of the history of the study of astronomy from Stone Age observatories to modern space telescopes is given. The theories of the origin of the Universe are analyzed, evidence of the Big Bang, the expansion of the Universe, the cosmic effects of dark energy and dark matter are given. The origin and causes of the existence of planets, stars, nebulae, galaxies and other cosmic bodies in the Universe are considered. A large place is given to the analysis of the origin and development of

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16

Semenova, Nadezhda, Svetlana Artem'eva, Svetlana Busalova, et al. Finance. INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1456979.

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The textbook reveals the theoretical and practical aspects of the organization of finance as a socio-economic category. It examines the essence and functions of finance, their role in the reproduction process, the structure of the financial system of the state, the content of state and municipal finance, financial management bodies, the essence of the budget and state extra-budgetary funds, the organization of the budget process. The priorities and main directions of the state's financial policy, forms and methods of state financial control, trends in the development of public credit and publi

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17

Levchaev, Petr. Finances of state extra-budgetary funds in the digital economic order. INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1846126.

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The textbook reveals the theoretical, methodological and practical foundations of state extra-budgetary funds. The structure of the presentation of the material allows you to consistently master important topics of the course, as well as check your level of training. The textbook gives a comprehensive idea of the specifics of functioning, the basics of the formation and use of funds of the state extra-budgetary funds of the state. The debatable issues of the digital economy are considered, attention is paid to the current state of digital technologies, economic principles, characteristic

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18

Shul'zhenko, Tat'yana, Andrey Zhuk, and Dar'ya Ivanova. Logistics of new urban mobility: a value-oriented approach. INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1971850.

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The monograph reveals the provisions of a value-oriented approach to the management of logistics systems of public urban passenger transport, relevant to the conditions of a client-centered economy and aimed at increasing the sustainability of the functioning of the passenger transport complex of the city in the context of the development of alternative forms of urban mobility. The ideological basis of the author's concept of a value—oriented approach is the understanding of the duality of the recipient of the services of the logistics system of urban public passenger transport - passengers an

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19

Andrichenko, Lyudmila, A. Postnikov, L. Vasil'eva, Zh Gaunova, E. Nikitina, and Inna Plyugina. Reform of the organization of public power: the main directions of implementation. INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1839416.

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The monograph examines topical issues of reforming the organization of public power in our country in connection with the adoption in 2020 of the Law on Amendments to the Constitution of the Russian Federation. The logic of changes in the organization of public power and the directions of concretization of constitutional values, taking into account the laws of the development of the constitutional system of Russia, are revealed. The most significant characteristics of the updated model of interaction of federal public authorities in accordance with the principle of separation of powers a

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20

Functioning and management of European beech ecosystems. Springer, 2009.

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21

Brumme, Rainer, and Partap K. Khanna. Functioning and Management of European Beech Ecosystems. Springer, 2012.

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22

Brumme, Rainer, and Partap K. Khanna. Functioning and Management of European Beech Ecosystems. Springer, 2010.

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23

Rewald, Boris, Christian Ammer, Thorsten Grams, et al., eds. Woody Plants and Forest Ecosystems in a Complex World – Ecological Interactions and Physiological Functioning Above and Below Ground. Frontiers Media SA, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/978-2-88963-640-2.

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24

Whisman, Mark A., and Briana L. Robustelli. Intimate Relationship Functioning and Psychopathology. Edited by Erika Lawrence and Kieran T. Sullivan. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199783267.013.13.

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This chapter explores the association between intimate relationship functioning and psychopathology. It begins with a review of the literature on intimate relationship functioning and how it is correlated with the prevalence and incidence of psychopathology, focusing on the results of cross-sectional and longitudinal studies. It then considers the literature on couple-based interventions as treatments for specific forms of psychopathology such as mood disorders, substance use disorders, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), obsessive-compulsive disorder, and anorexia nervosa. The chapter focus

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25

Wilsey, Brian J. Biodiversity and Ecosystem Functioning in Grasslands. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198744511.003.0006.

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Biodiversity is a measure of variety of life forms, and can be assessed at the genetic, species, and landscape levels. Species diversity can be partitioned into its basic components of richness (number of species) and evenness, and into spatial components (alpha, beta, gamma). Local extinction rates are often higher in situations where evenness is low due to low abundances in rare species. Many experimental and observational studies have been done on how ecosystem process rates will be impacted by reductions in biodiversity. The mechanism behind observed positive relationships between diversit

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26

Pouliot, Alison. Allure of Fungi. CSIRO Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/9781486308583.

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Although relatively little known, fungi provide the links between the terrestrial organisms and ecosystems that underpin our functioning planet. The Allure of Fungi presents fungi through multiple perspectives – those of mycologists and ecologists, foragers and forayers, naturalists and farmers, aesthetes and artists, philosophers and Traditional Owners. It explores how a history of entrenched fears and misconceptions about fungi has led to their near absence in Australian ecological consciousness and biodiversity conservation. Through a combination of text and visual essays, the a

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27

Medalia, Alice, Tiffany Herlands, Alice Saperstein, and Nadine Revheim. Cognitive Remediation for Psychological Disorders. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med-psych/9780190608453.001.0001.

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Individuals with serious and persistent mental illnesses, including schizophrenia and affective disorders, often experience cognitive deficits that make it difficult to perform everyday tasks. For example, they may have difficulty with attention, memory, processing speed, and problem solving, and this may interfere with functioning at work, school, and in social situations. Cognitive remediation is an evidence-based behavioral treatment for people who are experiencing cognitive impairments that interfere with role functioning. This edition contains all the information needed to set up a cognit

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Brown, Kirk Warren, and Mark R. Leary. The Emergence of Scholarship and Science on Hypo-egoic Phenomena. Edited by Kirk Warren Brown and Mark R. Leary. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199328079.013.1.

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To introduce the Handbook and the range of hypo-egoic phenomena that it represents, this chapter describes the psychological roots of egoic and hypo-egoic functioning, drawing on theory and research in philosophy, psychology, cognitive science, and neuroscience. Two forms of self-processing—self-as-subject and self-as-object—are first identified and functionally described. The chapter then describes how these self processes offer humans a mental model of ourselves, others, and the world that allows us to represent or simulate reality as we perceive it in the present, the remembered past, and t

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Itrich-Drabarek, Jolanta, ed. Encyclopedia of Public Administration. Dom Wydawniczy i Handlowy ELIPSA, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.33896/978-83-8017-283-8.

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Encyclopedia of Public Administration is the first Polish interdisciplinary encyclopedia covering the issues of public administration, both in the theoretical context and with reference to its functioning in practice. The publication, whose idea was developed by researchers from the Institute of Political Sciences at the Faculty of Political Science and International Studies of the University of Warsaw, was prepared by scientists from eight Polish universities. Readers seeking knowledge and information on such issues as democracy, the system of public authorities in Poland, including local and

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30

Webber, Jonathan. Psychoanalysis and the Existentialist Mind. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198735908.003.0005.

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This chapter argues that existentialism is not fundamentally antagonistic to Freudian psychoanalysis, as is often claimed, but rather aims to provide better articulations and explanations of the phenomena that Freud identified than Freud himself achieved. It distinguishes two forms of existentialist psychoanalysis, grounded in the two distinct existentialist theories of human being and psychological functioning identified in previous chapters: a Beauvoirian form based on project sedimentation and a Sartrean form based on radical freedom. It argues that both forms make a more radical break with

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31

Colour Gamut Volume Software. Society for Information Display, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.55410/bjxb8678.

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The code in this section is written in MATLAB format. It serves as a reference for the calculation of Color Gamut Envelope (Section 5.32), CIELAB Gamut Volume (Section 5.32.1), CIELAB Gamut Intersection (Section 5.32.2) and CIELAB Gamut Ring Diagram (Section 5.32.3). The code is fully functional and can be used directly to calculate Gamut Envelope results. It is intended that the reader can review the implementation contained in this source code to create functioning software in the user’s desired programming language. The code contained here also serves as an official reference to verify code

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32

Prusin, Alexander. Collaborationism. University of Illinois Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252041068.003.0005.

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Explores the ideological tenets and actions of the main collaborationist groups in Serbia. Albeit functioning within the limits prescribed by the occupier, the Serbian collaborationists enjoyed a certain degree of latitude in internal affairs. Although driven by different personal dispositions and ideological orientations, the”revolutonaries” (associated by Dimitrije Ljotić) and the”conservatives” (associated with the head of the Government of National Salvation Milan Nedić) perceived themselves as the prophets of Serbia’s national regeneration. In hope to win some concessions from the Germans

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33

With, Kimberly A. Essentials of Landscape Ecology. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198838388.001.0001.

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Essentials of Landscape Ecology is a new, comprehensive text that presents the principles, theory, methods, and applications of landscape ecology in an engaging and accessible format, supplemented by numerous examples and case studies from a variety of systems, including freshwater and marine “scapes.” Human activity has transformed landscapes worldwide on a scale that rivals or exceeds even the largest of natural forces, giving rise to a new geological age, the Anthropocene. As humans alter the structure and function of landscapes, the biological diversity and ecological relationships within

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34

Stiglitz, Joseph E. Markets, States, and Institutions. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198812555.003.0002.

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The chapter describes both the evolution of thinking—from a single-minded focus on markets to a broader inclusion of institutions—and how even that broader perspective is excessively narrow and, too often, insufficiently nuanced. Markets do not operate in a vacuum; they need strong institutions including the state, interacting among themselves to create the right checks and balances. Market economies, left untampered, lead to forces that threaten their own survival. Too often they lead to greater inequality and injustice; erosion of trust; and weakening of the state. The institutional checks a

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Mishra, Ajit, and Tridip Ray, eds. Markets, Governance, and Institutions in the Process of Economic Development. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198812555.001.0001.

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This book, in honour of Kaushik Basu, celebrates his contributions over the last four decades. It contains contributions by his present and past collaborators, and research students. Not only has Basu worked on several deeper abstract issues in welfare analysis and decision making, he has also addressed, both as a researcher and as a policy advisor, several policy issues such as rent control, child labour, labour laws, harassment, shared prosperity, and gender empowerment. The contributions from authors in this volume, theoretical as well as empirical, reflect this range of issues in the broad

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36

Garland, David. 9. The indispensable welfare state. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780199672660.003.0009.

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‘The indispensable welfare state’ concludes that the welfare state is a fundamental dimension of modern government, integral to the economic functioning and social health of capitalist societies. Welfare regimes can take various forms, and can be more or less effective, but a welfare state of some description is a vital part of any modern nation. The last hundred years show that welfare state government can succeed in civilizing and democratizing the stupendous power of capitalist enterprise. Critics describe the welfare state as a hindrance to economic and social vitality, but this VSI sugges

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37

Lacey, Joseph. Belgium Versus the Lingua Franca Thesis. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198796886.003.0008.

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This chapter argues that despite its ability to sustain itself as a political system for almost 200 years, Belgium gives substantial empirical support to the lingua franca thesis. The existence of different public spheres within this political system has played a major role in preventing the satisfactory enactment of democratic representation at the national level, inducing centrifugal forces that have gradually led to the partial disintegration of the state. The federalization of Belgium along linguistic lines in 1993 can, in essence, be seen as the crescendo of a long process whereby the sup

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Kingston, Lindsey N. Fully Human. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190918262.001.0001.

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Fully Human: Personhood, Citizenship, and Rights critically considers how inequalities related to citizenship and recognition impact one’s ability to claim so-called universal and inalienable rights. Today, citizenship itself serves to recognize an individual as fully human or worthy of fundamental human rights—yet this robust form of political membership is limited or missing entirely for some vulnerable groups. These protection gaps are central to hierarchies of personhood—inequalities that render some people more “worthy” than others for protections and political membership—that lead to gro

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39

Karoly, Paul. Chronic Pain and Psychopathology. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190627898.003.0010.

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This chapter presents a motivational model designed to forge conceptual and empirical links among chronic pain perception, cognitive-affective pain processing, everyday task performance, and the emergence of psychopathology. Organized around the GRASSP perspective (introduced in chapter 1), the current chapter first addresses the nature of multi-leveled (top-down and bottom-up) regulatory/control systems and the hypothesized motivational mechanisms around which such systems are organized. Based on the twin premises that (a) dysfunctions of the goal-guided, self-regulatory system underlie most

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40

Davidson, Larry. Cure and Recovery. Edited by K. W. M. Fulford, Martin Davies, Richard G. T. Gipps, et al. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199579563.013.0015.

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This chapter briefly discusses the history of the notion of "cure" in relation to serious mental illnesses from Pinel to the present day, including both theories on the nature of the illnesses and the nature of presumed therapeutic agents and mechanisms. The chapter then gives a brief overview of the notion of "recovery" in relation to serious mental illnesses, also from Pinel to the present day, and describes various definitions and forms of recovery as they have emerged over time. With this historical and conceptual background in place, the chapter then takes up the present state-of-the-art

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41

Oladeji, Bibilola D., and Kevin R. Robertson. Neuropsychological Evaluation for Persons with HIV and AIDS. Edited by Mary Ann Cohen, Jack M. Gorman, Jeffrey M. Jacobson, Paul Volberding, and Scott Letendre. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199392742.003.0012.

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With recent developments in the classification and definitions for HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND), neuropsychological assessments have become central to the diagnostic process. The pattern and manifestation of neurocognitive dysfunction associated with HIV have changed since the introduction of effective antiretroviral medications and their increasingly widespread use. Prior to the introduction of antiretroviral therapy, severe cognitive disorder presenting as HIV-associated dementia (HAD) was a common manifestation of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders. In more recent tim

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42

Tesch-Romer, Clemens, Hans-Werner Wahl, Suresh Rattan, and Liat Ayalon. Successful Aging. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780192897534.001.0001.

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Biological ageing is a progressive decline in physiological functionality, and an increase in the chances of chronic diseases and death. Ageing of the body sets in and happens progressively, exponentially and intrinsically in the period beyond the naturally evolved essential lifespan of a species. Ageing science has searched for the factors securing longevity in good health. An end to this quest is not foreseeable. For a large number, frailty and cognitive impairment is the reality of ageing, and it is by no means certain if health promotion, prevention, and other interventions will reduce the

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43

Melo, Felipe Athayde Lins de. A burocracia penitenciarista: Estudo sobre a configuração da gestão prisional no Brasil. Brazil Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31012/978-65-5861-207-0.

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This book deals with the emergence of prison management in Brazil, understanding it as an effect of forces between different orders of the penitentiary apparatus, in which the Justice and Security bundles are highlighted, based on disputes and accommodations between actors, institutions and perspectives that, within each order or in their external interactions, configure the dynamics of the Brazilian Penitentiary Administration, within which a penitentiary bureaucracy is produced, specialized in mediating the conflicts and the approximations between the orders. In recent times, these mediation

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44

Yang, Jingduan, and Daniel A. Monti. Acupuncture and Chinese Medicine. Edited by Anthony J. Bazzan and Daniel A. Monti. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190690557.003.0008.

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Chinese medicine uniquely relates specific mental and physical functioning to corresponding energetic channels called meridians that are associated with internal organs. Qi balance is described in terms of Yin and Yang. Human beings are considered healthy when the Qi circulating in each meridian is balanced in forces of Yin and Yang, sufficient in amount, and moving freely in the correct direction. As one of the major treatment modalities of Chinese medicine, acupuncture is the oldest and most commonly used medical procedure in the world. Acupuncture has been used alone or integrated with West

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45

Kanaga, David. Ecooperatic Music Game Theory. Edited by Roger T. Dean and Alex McLean. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190226992.013.11.

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Computer games can be approached as musical forms. Considered in this light, they operate on a number of scales that are typically considered hierarchically distinct, functioning at once as instrument, composition, notation, robotic musician(s), and ecosystem or ‘total music space’. The totalizing image is central, as the marriage of musics with games grants us the possibility of composing software experiences as ‘total artworks’, operatic toys assembled from a diverse set of interactive and deterministic algorithmic components. This understanding of games is grounded in the concept of ‘afford

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Parpworth, Neil. 9. EU law. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198810704.003.0009.

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This chapter discusses the primary and secondary laws of the European Union (EU). Treaties are the primary law of the EU. In addition to the treaties that originally established the three European Communities, a number of other treaties have subsequently been made. These include the Treaty on European Union (the Maastricht Treaty), the Treaty of Amsterdam, the Treaty of Nice, and the Lisbon Treaty, all of which have made important amendments to the foundation treaties. Article 288 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU) confers legislative power on the Union’s institution

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Heimann, Fritz, and Mark Pieth. Confronting Corruption. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190458331.001.0001.

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Corruption undermines nearly all key legal and developmental priorities today, including the effective functioning of democratic institutions and honest elections, environmental protection, human rights and human security, international development programs, and fair competition for global trade and investment. This book chronicles the global anticorruption steps taken since the movement advanced after the end of the Cold War. It provides a realistic assessment of the present state of affairs by critically evaluating what existing anticorruption programs and treaties have accomplished and docu

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Lee, Dorothy A. Symbolism and ‘Signs’ in the Fourth Gospel. Edited by Judith M. Lieu and Martinus C. de Boer. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198739982.013.15.

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This chapter explores the symbolism of the Fourth Gospel. It demonstrates that religious symbol is substantial rather than decorative, containing cognitive meaning as well as affective impact. The metaphors of the gospel are linguistic forms of symbolism, apparent in the seven ‘I am’ sayings of the Gospel and in the use of the five senses as metaphors of faith. Johannine symbolism is inextricably linked to the narrative out of which it emerges. John’s symbols are not of equal value, some playing a core role in the narrative. The ‘signs’ or miracles of the Gospel are also important, functioning

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Warren J, Newman. Part VI Constitutional Theory, D The Role of Constitutional Principles in Canadian Constitutional Law, Ch.48 The Rule of Law, the Separation of Powers and Judicial Independence in Canada. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780190664817.003.0048.

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This chapter considers the meaning, scope, and application of three constitutional principles of surpassing importance in Canada. The rule of law is foundational to Canada’s constitutional framework and may properly be characterized as the first principle of Canadian constitutional law. It is linked to, and in some respects, forms the underpinning for other fundamental principles, including constitutionalism, federalism, democracy, and parliamentary sovereignty. As the latter principles are the focus of chapters by other commentators in this Handbook, this chapter will examine the rule of law

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Neufeld, Richard W. J. Mathematical and Computational Modeling in Clinical Psychology. Edited by Jerome R. Busemeyer, Zheng Wang, James T. Townsend, and Ami Eidels. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199957996.013.16.

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This chapter begins with an introduction to the basic ideas behind clinical mathematical and computational modeling. In general, models of normal cognitive-behavioral functioning are titrated to accommodate performance deviations accompanying psychopathology; model features remaining intact indicate functions that are spared; those that are perturbed are triaged as signifying functions that are disorder affected. Distinctions and interrelations among forms of modeling in clinical science and assessment are stipulated, with an emphasis on analytical, mathematical modeling. Preliminary conceptua

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