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Virchow, D. "Conservation of genetic resources : costs and implications for a sustainable utilization of plant genetic resources for food and agriculture /." Berlin ; New York : Springer, 1999. http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/fy0714/99012752.html.
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Settipalli, Satyaprakash R. "Synthetic seed production for germplasm storage of Hydrastis canadensis L. (goldenseal)." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2007. https://eidr.wvu.edu/etd/documentdata.eTD?documentid=5530.
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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2007.Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains vii, 48 p. : col. ill. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 40-42).
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Lochen, Tobias. "Die völkerrechtlichen Regelungen über den Zugang zu genetischen Ressourcen /." Tübingen : Mohr Siebeck, 2007. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=016140557&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.
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Siu, Lai-ping, and 蕭麗萍. "Conservation and in vitro propagation of Hong Kong Camellias." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1992. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31210545.
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Souch, Graham Robert. "Long-term conservation of Allium germplasm resources : the cryopreservation of A. sativum using an encapsulation/dehydration approach." Thesis, University of Derby, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.433865.
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Dajani, Ola Fouad. "Genetic resources under the CBD and TRIPS : issues on sovereignty and property." Thesis, McGill University, 2002. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=78178.
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Coming together to save the Earth. Ten years have passed since the Earth Summit in Rio created such passion and expectations. Whether the Convention on Biological Diversity has met those expectations or not vary from person to person.Evidently, the Convention on Biological Diversity is complex, not only in its language, but also in its attempt to balance between conservation and sustainable use, and between the providers of and benefiters from biological diversity.
Subsequent to its conclusion, the Parties have strived to achieve these objectives. This thesis attempts to assist in this process by exploring the means of implementing the Convention on Biological Diversity and their consequences.
The scope of the thesis is limited to the matters of sovereignty rights and access to genetic resources, in an effort to clear up the uncertainties in the applications of these components. This thesis attempts to contribute a pragmatic perspective to these matters, which, at their core, rely on the crossing points in the implementation of the Convention on Biological Diversity and the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights. This thesis focuses on ways to reconcile property rights in genetic resources with patent rights in invention using genetic resources. It proposes one interpretation of property rights in genetic resources so as to avoid any conflict with patent rights and accordingly, avoid conflict between the requirements of the Convention on Biological Diversity and those of the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights.
I hope that the views and proposals expressed in this thesis will be considered along with other diverse approaches to the implementation of the Convention on Biological Diversity.
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Fiebig, Michael Thomas. "Place-Based Conservation Legislation And National Forest Management: The Case Of The Beaverhead-Deerlodge Partnership." [Missoula, Mont.] : The University of Montana, 2008. http://etd.lib.umt.edu/theses/available/etd-12232008-084030/unrestricted/Fiebig_Michael_Thesis_PDF.pdf.
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Thesis (M.S.) -- University of Montana, 2008.Title from author supplied metadata. Description based on contents viewed on June 20, 2009. ETD number: etd-12232008-084030. Includes bibliographical references.
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Kamau, Peter Ngugi. "ANTHROPOGENIC FIRES, FOREST RESOURCES, AND LOCAL LIVELIHOODS AT CHYULU HILLS, KENYA." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1374078802.
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Wedajoo, Aseffa S. [Verfasser]. "Microeconomics of Wild Coffee Genetic Resources Conservation in Southwestern Ethiopia : Forest zoning and economic incentives for conservation / Aseffa S Wedajoo." Aachen : Shaker, 2010. http://d-nb.info/1124365249/34.
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[Verfasser], Aseffa Seyoum Wedajoo. "Microeconomics of Wild Coffee Genetic Resources Conservation in Southwestern Ethiopia : Forest zoning and economic incentives for conservation / Aseffa S Wedajoo." Aachen : Shaker, 2010. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:101:1-201701292295.
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Lippke, Holly Linn. "The economic effects of the Forest Resources Conservation and Shortage Relief Act on timber prices." Montana State University, 1993. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/1993/lippke/LippkeH1993.pdf.
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In response to a new federal law, the Washington State Department of Natural Resources was required to restrict the export of unprocessed logs from state owned lands effective January 1 , 1991. Exported logs receive a greater price than domestically processed logs because of differences in quality, costs, and imperfect markets caused by regulation. A hedonic price approach is used to estimate implicit prices of timber sales characteristics, as well as supply and demand changes, and export restrictions. It is shown that the Forest Resources Conservation and Shortage Relief Act affects the price received in both domestic and export markets. Ceteris paribus, domestic timber prices decline, consistent with increased supply from the restrictions, and export prices increase, consistent with reduced availability. Both grade and species are significant factors in export price premiums. Export price premiums exist, even during a time when environmental concerns have resulted in drastic reductions in domestic timber supplies.
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Fan, Lei. "Forest Resources Utilization in Korean-Chinese Ethnic Minority Villages, from the Perspective of Landscape Conservation." Kyoto University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/215609.
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Kyoto University (京都大学)0048
新制・課程博士
博士(農学)
甲第19783号
農博第2179号
新制||農||1041(附属図書館)
学位論文||H28||N4999(農学部図書室)
32819
京都大学大学院農学研究科森林科学専攻
(主査)教授 柴田 昌三, 教授 神﨑 護, 教授 井鷺 裕司
学位規則第4条第1項該当
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Lewis, David. "Public Conservation Land and Economic Growth in the Northern Forest Region." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2001. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/LewisDJ2001.pdf.
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Wolf, Adrian Lance. "Bird use of epiphyte resources in an old-growth coniferous forest in the Pacific Northwest." Online pdf file accessible through the World Wide Web, 2009. http://archives.evergreen.edu/masterstheses/Accession86-10MES/Wolf_ALMESThesis2009.pdf.
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Pazos, Almada Barbara. "Community-Governed Multifunctional Landscapes and Forest Conservation in the Sierra Norte of Oaxaca, Mexico." FIU Digital Commons, 2016. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/2554.
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Community forestry is an evolving approach to forest management, shown to maintain forest cover, while generating income for local communities. In Sierra Norte (SN), a region with no public protected areas, indigenous communities have been actively conserving their forests for decades, through conservation zoning and careful management of their logging areas. This study found that across 22 communities in SN, an estimated 2,949,116.50 m3 of timber were produced from 1993 to 2013, while the region maintains 78% forest cover. About 75% of the forest is under some form of community conservation. Community governance plays a major role, as rules and regulations regarding use, access, and conservation of communal lands are established and enforced by community members. The findings of this study support arguments that advocate for community forest management, as forest communities prove to maintain forest cover and decrease degradation, thus reducing greenhouse gas emissions and enhancing forest carbon stocks.
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Mancini, Rachel Leigh. "Conserving the corps : a conditions assessment of civilian conservation corps resources in Salamonie River State Forest Wabash County, Indiana." Virtual Press, 1998. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1101593.
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New Deal programs, like the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC), were developed by President Roosevelt during the 1930's to soften the economic and unemployment problems of the Great Depression. Indiana based CCC Company 589 created and sculpted the land now known as Salamonie River State Forest in Wabash County. This study evaluated the conditions of the historic and existing landscape of Salamonie River State Forest, with the intent of educating forest personnel about the role of the CCC in manipulating the property. Through identification and preservation, the CCC resources can then be interpreted to the public.Years of work transformed the abandoned farmland into a lush recreational area for hunters, fishermen, and other visitors. Today much of the vegetation has grown into a dense forest as intended, but other CCC resources have fallen into disrepair, been demolished, or forgotten. The condition assessments of the landscape, architecture,archaeology, and historic documents are the first steps in evaluating the landscape for a preservation treatment plan. The overall condition of Salamonie River State Forest and its Civilian Conservation Corps resources is good; however these resources need to be protected and preserved to insure their longevity for future generations.Department of Architecture
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Heider, Bettina. "Assessment of legume diversity for genetic resources conservation in the highlands of Northeast Vietnam germplasm collecting, molecular marker studies and ethnobotanical surveys." Beuren Stuttgart Grauer, 2007. http://d-nb.info/989892956/04.
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Kribel, Jacob Robert George. "Long Term Permanent Vegetation Plot Studies in the Matoaka Woods, Williamsburg, Virginia : Establishment and Initial Data Analysis of Plots Established with the North Carolina Vegetation Survey Protocol, Resampling of Single Circular Plots and a Comparison of Results from North Carolina Vegetation Survey Protocol and Single Circular Plot Methods." W&M ScholarWorks, 2003. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539624378.
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Carlson-Drexler, Kjarstin Alane. "Microburst Damage Assessment and Forest Composition Reconstruction After Hurricane Isabel in the College Woods, Williamsburg, VA." W&M ScholarWorks, 2012. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539626929.
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Sander, Klas. "Conservation, compensation, and incentives : valuation of forest resources and its implications for forest and rural development policies in the Northwest of Madagaskar /." Göttingen : Cuvillier, 2006. http://www.gbv.de/dms/zbw/511772491.pdf.
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Schons, Do Valle Stella Zucchetti. "Forests and fisheries in the Brazilian Amazon: Understanding incentives to comply with conservation efforts." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/87516.
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This PhD dissertation represents an effort to understand individual behavior leading to decisions regarding natural resource use and compliance with conservation policy at the government and at the community levels through the analysis of specific cases in the Brazilian Amazon. I first analyze the case of smallholder land clearing along the Transamazon and BR-163 highways in the face of Brazilian Forest Code enforcement by the federal government. My hypothesis is that smallholder land clearing paths over time are affected by assessments of the probability of being caught violating the Forest Code. I develop a dynamic decision model that considers the potential benefits and costs accrued from land clearing through time by a representative smallholder and include her perception of the probability of Forest Code enforcement, unobserved to the researcher. I apply an endogenous switching regressions econometric model to data collected with a sample of 542 households in 2003 and 2013/14. I find that longer land tenure frontiers where there are opportunities for smallholders to transition to cattle grazing from agriculture deserve the attention of enforcement of land clearing laws and restrictions and that the use of the forest by a smallholder is a protective signal that must be considered and encouraged. My results suggest that alleged government efforts to enforce the Forest Code among smallholders in the sample region have been ineffective. The second case I analyze is that of fisher households that enforce community fishing agreements, known as accords, in the floodplains of the Amazon River surrounding the city of Santarém. My hypothesis is that individual households benefit from their own fishing accords enforcement effort through fishing time savings. A factor demand analysis applied to data collected with over 600 households reveals that statistically important drivers of labor demand and fuel include the level of dedication of a household and its history in implementing fishing accords, the landscape, the flood cycle, the distance to the main regional market and biomass. The average household fishing time savings from enforcing accords range between 59 and 36 eight-hour days for a six-month-period, an important argument for continuing the enterprise.PHD
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McNeil, Shannon Elizabeth. "Population Genetic Diversity and Structure in Yellow-billed Cuckoos across a Fragmented Landscape." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/595973.
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Riparian ecosystems are disproportionately biodiverse and vital to many taxa despite their scant footprint on the landscape. Yet globally they are also under the greatest human-caused threats. The loss of habitat is the greatest driver of species declines, but fragmentation may also significantly impact populations by creating barriers to dispersal. Effective conservation requires an informed understanding of species' threats and capabilities, though it is unclear whether the increasing fragmentation of riparian woodland in western North America is affecting dispersal patterns of riparian breeding birds. Research suggests long distance migrants may be less impacted than resident species, though previous genetic research on the threatened western population of the yellow-billed cuckoo (Coccyzus americanus), a long-distance Neotropical migrant and obligate riparian breeding bird, suggests local structuring among isolated western populations. There is also interest in using more informative markers to assess genetic differentiation between eastern and western yellow-billed cuckoos. Despite limited differentiation found in mitochondrial sequences between eastern and western cuckoos, analysis of microsatellite markers is expected to reveal significant population structuring. Comparing 14 polymorphic microsatellite loci among seven separate populations in the west, and between western and eastern samples, I found limited population structuring, suggesting sufficient dispersal is occurring to maintain gene flow, both among isolated western, and between western and eastern populations. I found lower than expected heterozygosity across the range, possibly due in part to higher rates of inbreeding experienced by small populations, though the results were clouded by a high number of estimated null alleles downward-biasing estimates of heterozygosity. To test the accuracy of the microsatellites and measure scoring error, I compared microsatellites and mitochondrial sequences in nesting groups sampled from high-density restoration sites on the lower Colorado River. To identify the nesting males and females, I modified a universal avian sexing protocol, optimizing it for yellow-billed cuckoos. I calculated a scoring error rate of 2.12%, 0.91% not explained by null alleles. I also confirmed a relatively high rate of conspecific nest parasitism, with the nesting male apparently fathering the parasitic young in many cases. This is the first assessment of the relationships among breeding adults and nestlings of this species. With more nests providing more egg-dumping opportunities, the productivity of parasitic females should increase with larger populations of nesting cuckoos. Restoring more large patches of functional riparian woodland, to support multiple nesting pairs, could help to recover this declining population.
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Nguyen, Duc Bach, Van Hai Tong, Van Hung Nguyen, and Huu Ton Phan. "Collection, conservation, exploitation and development of rice genetic resource of Vietnam." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2015. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-190749.
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Genetic resources are important for the development of every country and for humanity. Collection, conservation and reasonable utilization of genetic resource is required mission. Understanding the importance of genetic resource, especially rice germplasm, since 2001, Center for conservation and development of crop genetic resources (CCD-CGR) of Hanoi University of Agriculture (Vietnam National University of Agriculture) has been collected, conserved and evaluated rice germplasm from different provinces of Vietnam for breeding programs. So far, 1090 accessions of local rice of Vietnam have been collected. Evaluation of agronomic properties and screening of some important genes using DNA molecular markers have revealed that Vietnamese rice germplasm has high level diversity and containing important genes for quality and resistance for disease and pests. These genetic resources are potential materials for national breeding programs. Based on the collected germplasm, 3 new glutinous rice varieties have been successfully created with high yield and good quality. In addition, the degradation of local rice varieties is also a matter of concern. So far, 4 specialty rice varieties Deo Dang, Ble chau, Pu de and Khau dao have been successfully restored for the north provinces of Vietnam. The main results of this study are germplasms for rice breeding programs and new improved varieties that bring economic benefits to farmers and the countryNguồn gene là tài nguyên sống còn của mỗi quốc gia và của toàn nhân loại. Vì vậy thu thập, bảo tồn, đánh giá và khai thác hợp lý nguồn tài nguyên này có ý nghĩa rất lớn. Nhận thức được tầm quan trọng của nguồn gen nhất là nguồn gen cây lúa, ngay từ đầu những năm 2000, Trung tâm bảo tồn và phát triển nguồn gene cây trồng thuộc Trường Đại học nông nghiệp, nay là Học Viện nông nghiệp Việt Nam đã tiến hành thu thập, lưu giữ, đánh giá và khai thác nguồn gene lúa. Kết quả đã thu thập, lưu giữ được 1090 mẫu giống lúa địa phương Việt Nam. Đánh giá đặc điểm nông sinh học và phát hiện một số gene quy định các tính trạng chất lượng và kháng sâu bệnh bằng chỉ thị phân tử DNA. Đây là nguồn gene quan trọng cho chọn tạo giống. Dựa vào nguồn gene thu thập được, cho đến nay, Trung tâm bảo tồn và phát triển nguồn gene cây trồng đã lai và chọn tạo được thành công 03 giống lúa nếp chất lượng cao. Ngoài ra, thoái hóa giống cũng là vấn đề đang được quan tâm. Cho đến nay 4 giống lúa đặc sản Đèo đàng, Ble châu, Pu đe và Khẩu dao đã được phục tráng và đưa vào sản xuất. Kết quả của những nghiên cứu này là ngân hàng các giống lúa làm nguồn gene để chọn tạo giống mới đem lại lợi ích kinh tế cho người nông dân và đất nước
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Datta, Amber W. "Conserving Fish and Forests: Community Involvement and Its Limits in Resource Management On the Island of Hawai'i." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2013. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/pomona_theses/76.
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In this thesis I examine the limits of community involvement in accomplishing the conservation goals of biodiversity and ecosystem function in resource management by analyzing the multiple interest groups that compose community. Two case studies are presented to accomplish this goal. The first case study is the West Hawaii Fisheries Management Area, where a group of community stakeholders provide management recommendations that are then implemented by the state. The second case study is the Ka’u forest reserve, where community involvement is invited into the management decision-making process but is also limited in its ultimate political power by the state. Through an examination of these cases I find that the ability of community involvement to accomplish conservation goals is limited when powerful interest groups within the community oppose these goals.
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Turyahabwe, Nelson. "Local capacity to manage forestry resources under a decentralised system of governance : the case of Uganda." Thesis, Stellenbosch: University of Stellenbosch, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/1321.
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Thesis (PhD (Forest and Wood Science))--University of Stellenbosch, 2006.This study aims at examining technical and institutional capacity in local organisations to manage decentralised forest resources in Uganda. Specifically the study assessed the roles, responsibilities, powers and legal instruments, incentives, facilities and human and fiscal resources of local organisations to undertake decentralised forest governance. Semistructured and key informant interviews were conducted in local organisations and legal and policy documents reviewed to ascertain strategies for implementing decentralised forestry. An inventory of selected forests was conducted to assess effect of decentralisation policy on the condition of forests in Uganda. Chi-square tests were used to show the factors that motivate local organisations to participate in decentralised forest governance. Tree species diversity and richness, density, diameter at breast height and basal area and sings of human disturbance were used to compare the condition of forests under local government and those under private and central government ownership. Similarity between the forests was assessed using a Two Way INdicator SPecies Analysis, while the differences in the composition and structural characteristics of trees among forest ownership categories were compared by oneway analysis of variance. Multiple regression analysis was used to show the influence of household pressure, forest size, the distance of the forest from roads and forest administrative office, and the market demand of the forest produce on the capacity of forest agencies to regulate timber harvesting. The findings reveals that local organisations supported devolved forest management functions such as forest monitoring, tree planting, environmental education, networking, collaborative and integrated planning, resource mobilisation and formulation of byelaws. The role of forestry in the livelihoods of the people, the desire to control forest degradation and access to forest revenue, donor and central government fiscal support were the most important incentives in decentralised forest management. However, limited capacity in terms of qualified staff, funds, facilities and equipment and inadequate decision-making powers over fiscal resources from forestry, inequitable distribution of forest revenue and unclear forest and tree tenure hindered decentralised forest management. The diversity and richness indices, density, diameter at breast height and basal area of trees were significantly higher in central forest reserves, intermediate in private and lower in local forest reserves. The frequency of human disturbances was significantly higher in local forest reserves than in private and central forest reserves. The variation in composition and structure of the local forest reserves is partly attributed to human disturbances. The capacity of the forest agencies to regulate forest resources use in the Mpigi forests was significantly affected by the size of forest, and its location in relation to the well-maintained roads, forest administrative office and the number of households in close proximity and the market demand of the forest produce. Large forests in close proximity to densely populated areas and far a way from roads and the forest administrative office were more affected by timber harvesting. The results demonstrated that local governments are not yet efficient in monitoring and regulating forest use and maintaining the condition of forests in Uganda. Local organisations need to play an increased role in the implementation of the Forest Policy, the National Forestry and Tree Planting and the Local Government Acts for successful decentralisation of forest management and to recruit more technical staff, strengthen internal sources of revenue and develop integrated forestry work plans. There is also a need for the central government to integrate and co-ordinate local and central interests, and facilitate a working relationship with local governments, civil society and the private sector involved in forestry. Forest owners and managers in the Mpigi forests and Ugandaâ s tropical forests in general need to manage human impacts so as to balance utilisation and conservation forest resources. There is need for longterm studies to fully understand the real significance of ownership on the composition and structure of the Mpigi forests and forests in other districts of Uganda.
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Degrassi, Allyson Lenora. "Impacts Of Forest Disturbance On Small Mammal Distribution." ScholarWorks @ UVM, 2016. http://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/640.
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Natural habitat in the eastern United States has diminished over the past century because of the effects of invasive species. Both plant and animal invaders can alter habitat structure and may decrease survival of native species. The degree to which an invasive species alters ecosystem function depends on the functional characteristics of affected species and the resulting cascading effects. The loss of important native species, such as foundation species, can potentially influence the structure and distribution of animal communities because of the foundation species' unique ecosystem roles. The foundation species concept is relatively new to the terrestrial ecology and the impact on animal communities resulting in the loss of terrestrial foundation species is generally unknown.
Eastern hemlock (Tsuga Canadensis), a foundation species in the eastern United States, is declining in abundance due to the invasive sap-sucking insect, hemlock woolly adelgid (Adelges tsugae, Annand). The loss of hemlock may impact the distribution and microhabitat associations of dependent species such as small mammals. I hypothesized that the distribution, population size, community composition, and microhabitat associations of small mammal species differ in response to canopy disturbance from the effects of logging and invasive species.
In this dissertation, Chapter One provides an exploration of the past research conducted on 1) invasive species and how they affect habitat structure, 2) foundation species and how they affect ecosystem function, 3) small mammal habitat associations and population cycling, 4) occupancy modeling and its usefulness and limitations in the analysis of local occupancy, colonization rates, and extinction rates. Chapter Two presents a large-scale experiment on how the hemlock woolly adelgid impacts distribution and community assembly of small mammals. Chapter Three presents how forest disturbance, food resources, and habitat structure effects local colonization and extinction patterns of southern red-backed voles. Chapter Four presents how a paper published in 2005 brought the foundation species concept to terrestrial research and how the foundation species concept can be misleading in research.
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Perrault-Archambault, Mathilde. "Who manages home garden agrobiodiversity? : patterns of species distribution, planting material flow and knowledge transmission along the Corrientes River of the Peruvian Amazon." Thesis, McGill University, 2005. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=83198.
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Agrobiodiversity constitutes an essential resource for traditional rural populations. Home gardens are "hotspots" of agrobiodiversity and important loci of in situ conservation efforts. This study seeks to understand the factors affecting gardeners' choices and to assess the accessibility of planting material in rural communities of the Peruvian Amazon. Household surveys and garden inventories conducted in 15 villages of the Corrientes river (n = 300), and case studies in three of these villages (n = 89), allowed to describe the local and regional patterns of garden agrobiodiversity and the structure of planting material exchange networks. Analyses reveal a strong link between species diversity and both household cultural and socioeconomic characteristics, and village ethnicity and size. Planting material flows primarily through matrilineal bonds, from advice-givers to advice-seekers, from old to young and from rich to poor. Farmers with exceptional species diversity, propensity to give and/or expertise are identified and their role in the conservation of cultivated plants is assessed. Expertise is not found to be as closely related to high species diversity as expected, but knowledge and planting stock dissemination go hand-in-hand.
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Wilson, Michael Daniel. "Distribution, Abundance, and Home Range of the Whip-poor-will (Caprimulgus vociferus) in a Managed Forest Landscape." W&M ScholarWorks, 2003. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539626403.
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Hausman, Constance Elizabeth. "The Ecological Impacts of the Emerald Ash Borer (Agrilus Planipennis): Identification of Conservation and Forest Management Strategies." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1291002276.
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Aga, Esayas. "Molecular genetic diversity study of forest coffee tree (Coffea arabica L.) populations in Ethiopia : implications for conservation and breeding /." Alnarp : Dept. of Crop Science, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2005. http://epsilon.slu.se/200579.pdf.
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Papa, Michael J. "Effects of Silvicultural Management on Coast Redwood Forest Composition, Density and Structure in Santa Cruz and San Mateo Counties." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2012. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/647.
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The multiple-objective exploratory study investigates effects of various silvicultural management regimes commonly applied to coast redwood (Sequoia sempervirens [D. Don] Endl.) forests in Santa Cruz and San Mateo Counties, California, USA. A temporary forest inventory was installed in 24 harvest origin stands and 4 natural origin stands throughout the study area (sample area = 1189 acres). Data from the systematic sample of 233 one-quarter acre nested cluster plots (sample intensity = 4.9%) rendered overall forest descriptions in terms of species composition, density, and structure. The common forestry measures of trees per acre (TPA), basal area per acre (BA), and quadratic mean diameter (QMD) were calculated from the "snapshot" data and stratified by species groups and diameter ranges/canopy layers.
Forest components were derived from the dataset by selecting specific groups within the forest as defined by the California Forest Practice Rules, literature, and common forestry groups (refer to the table below). An example of a forest component would be TPA of conifers from 2.1-14.0 inches DBH. In all, 162 forest components were analyzed through three research objectives: (1) general forest components, (2) small stem density and distribution, and (3) large stem density. The driving question behind the analysis is whether forest management is creating significantly different forest structure. If so, in which components of forest composition, density, and structure do those differences reside?
A mixed-effects linear model tested overall significance and Fisher's Least Significant Difference (LSD) method tested pairwise comparisons among the six management regimes. Each model was tested with a significance level of alpha = 0.05 (pairwise and experimentwise).
A fourth objective compared two methods of late successional forest (LSF) classification based on QMD measures of canopy layers and diameter ranges. The methods were compared via a paired-sample t-test. The two methods are significantly different, but the investigation of LSF classification led to an examination of the validity of current LSF policy. It is suggested that the minimum overstory QMD for LSF classification be increased from 24.0 to at least 30.0 inches DBH. Furthermore, it is recommended that landowner incentives should be implemented by the State of California to encourage promotion of LSF and its functional elements.
An underlying theme of all research objectives in this study is an examination of forest restoration management. Restoration management is intentional treatments that begin or accelerate recovery of a degraded ecosystem in regards to its integrity and sustainability relative to a reference condition, often defined culturally, historically, or ecologically (Society for Ecological Restoration 2004, Hobbs 2004, Hobbs and Norton 1996, Stanturf 2005). Results and conclusions were synthesized to discuss current restoration efforts in the redwoods. Recommendations for target stand densities and silvicultural methods are presented.
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Nguyen, Duc Bach, Van Hai Tong, Van Hung Nguyen, and Huu Ton Phan. "Collection, conservation, exploitation and development of rice genetic resource of Vietnam: Short communication." Technische Universität Dresden, 2014. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A29104.
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Genetic resources are important for the development of every country and for humanity. Collection, conservation and reasonable utilization of genetic resource is required mission. Understanding the importance of genetic resource, especially rice germplasm, since 2001, Center for conservation and development of crop genetic resources (CCD-CGR) of Hanoi University of Agriculture (Vietnam National University of Agriculture) has been collected, conserved and evaluated rice germplasm from different provinces of Vietnam for breeding programs. So far, 1090 accessions of local rice of Vietnam have been collected. Evaluation of agronomic properties and screening of some important genes using DNA molecular markers have revealed that Vietnamese rice germplasm has high level diversity and containing important genes for quality and resistance for disease and pests. These genetic resources are potential materials for national breeding programs. Based on the collected germplasm, 3 new glutinous rice varieties have been successfully created with high yield and good quality. In addition, the degradation of local rice varieties is also a matter of concern. So far, 4 specialty rice varieties Deo Dang, Ble chau, Pu de and Khau dao have been successfully restored for the north provinces of Vietnam. The main results of this study are germplasms for rice breeding programs and new improved varieties that bring economic benefits to farmers and the country.Nguồn gene là tài nguyên sống còn của mỗi quốc gia và của toàn nhân loại. Vì vậy thu thập, bảo tồn, đánh giá và khai thác hợp lý nguồn tài nguyên này có ý nghĩa rất lớn. Nhận thức được tầm quan trọng của nguồn gen nhất là nguồn gen cây lúa, ngay từ đầu những năm 2000, Trung tâm bảo tồn và phát triển nguồn gene cây trồng thuộc Trường Đại học nông nghiệp, nay là Học Viện nông nghiệp Việt Nam đã tiến hành thu thập, lưu giữ, đánh giá và khai thác nguồn gene lúa. Kết quả đã thu thập, lưu giữ được 1090 mẫu giống lúa địa phương Việt Nam. Đánh giá đặc điểm nông sinh học và phát hiện một số gene quy định các tính trạng chất lượng và kháng sâu bệnh bằng chỉ thị phân tử DNA. Đây là nguồn gene quan trọng cho chọn tạo giống. Dựa vào nguồn gene thu thập được, cho đến nay, Trung tâm bảo tồn và phát triển nguồn gene cây trồng đã lai và chọn tạo được thành công 03 giống lúa nếp chất lượng cao. Ngoài ra, thoái hóa giống cũng là vấn đề đang được quan tâm. Cho đến nay 4 giống lúa đặc sản Đèo đàng, Ble châu, Pu đe và Khẩu dao đã được phục tráng và đưa vào sản xuất. Kết quả của những nghiên cứu này là ngân hàng các giống lúa làm nguồn gene để chọn tạo giống mới đem lại lợi ích kinh tế cho người nông dân và đất nước.
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Morris, Michael William. "Amazopoly a game of survival in a tropical rain forest." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1996. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/34.
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Leung, Chi-hong. "Multiple use vegetation management in the country parks of Hong Kong /." [Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong], 1993. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B13498514.
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Gaugris, Jerome Yves. "The impacts of herbivores and humans on the utilisation of woody resources in conserved versus non-conserved land in Maputoland, northern KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa." Connect to this title online, 2008. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-06052008-162658.
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Bull, Gary. "A feasibility study for the management of recreation and other selected non-timber resources on private industrial forest lands in coastal British Columbia." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/29746.
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Industrial private forest landowners in British Columbia have traditionally viewed their forest lands as a raw material supply for their wood processing facilities. However, they are now experiencing social and political changes which are restricting the way their forests are managed. These changes have enormous implications for large forestry firms, such as Canadian Pacific Forest Products. A portion of their lands, the focus of this study, has been examined to assess the impact of these restrictions on traditional land use. In addition, non-timber values have been examined for their revenue generating potential.
A study area was delineated near the community of Sooke, B.C. Fishing, hunting, deer farming and camping were assessed. In order to complete the analysis, the costs in terms of foregone timber values, were calculated under a number of different assumptions. The impact of changes in bare land values on decisions with respect to the non-timber values were also examined.
A number of policy changes, both by the landowner and the various levels of government involved, are required to promote forestry with a renewed emphasis on recreation. Initiating these changes is the next stage in the preparation of a recreation management plan for the area under study in this thesis.Forestry, Faculty of
Graduate
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Bhatta, Deen B. "COMMUNITY APPROACHES TO NATURAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT: SACRED AND NON-SACRED LANDSCAPES IN NEPAL." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2003. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1056396738.
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Olson, Garrett Kenneth. "Forests and farming an analysis of rural livelihood programs for poverty reduction in eastern Zambia /." CONNECT TO THIS TITLE ONLINE, 2007. http://etd.lib.umt.edu/theses/available/etd-06042007-102523/.
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Cloutier, Dominic. "Conservation genetics of exploited Amazonian forest tree species and the impact of selective logging on inbreeding and gene dispersal in a population of Carapa guianensis." Thesis, McGill University, 2006. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=102969.
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The Amazon region is one of the richest areas on the planet in terms of its biodiversity and natural resources. The large scale harvesting of trees in this region is a relatively new activity, and it is uncertain whether the exploitation of timber species will result in depletion of forest genetic resources. To examine this, I have assessed levels of inbreeding, gene flow, and genetic diversity in populations of Amazonian forest trees undergoing logging. Because of their high variability within populations, microsatellite genetic markers were chosen for the study, and it was verified through an initial sampling experiment that this class of markers is sufficiently stable within somatic tissue of large and long-lived trees such that population studies could be undertaken with them. By sampling adult trees and seed progenies at several microsatellite loci, high levels of gene flow and low levels of inbreeding were found within populations of Sextonia rubra and Carapa guianensis, two important insect-pollinated Amazonian forest tree species. Comparing seed progeny collected before versus after selective logging of a population of Carapa guianensis, no measurable evidence was found that that the population genetic dynamics is impacted by logging. In particular, levels of inbreeding, gene flow, and population substructure were the same before and after logging. Comparing different populations distributed over the Amazon basin, a phylogeographical structure in the chloroplast DNA of Carapa guianensis that corresponds to major tributaries of the Amazon river was discovered, suggesting that seed dispersal through rivers may contribute to genetic connectivity among populations. Overall, the results of this thesis suggest that the large effective population sizes, the high levels of gene flow, and the low levels of inbreeding in exploited Amazonian tree populations may allow them to counteract potential negative genetic impacts of selective logging, at least at the levels of harvesting carried out during this study, and for the Carapa guianensis population investigated.
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Jordan, Benjamin René. ""A modest manliness" the Boy Scouts of America and the making of modern masculinity, 1910-1930 /." Diss., [La Jolla] : University of California, San Diego, 2009. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3355738.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego, 2009.Title from first page of PDF file (viewed June 23, 2009). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 393-410).
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Staats, Wesley A. "USE OF LIDAR-DERIVED TERRAIN AND VEGETATION INFORMATION IN A DECIDUOUS FOREST IN KENTUCKY." UKnowledge, 2015. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/forestry_etds/24.
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The use of Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) information is gaining popularity, however its use has been limited in deciduous forests. This thesis describes two studies using LiDAR data in an Eastern Kentucky deciduous forest. The first study quantifies vertical error of LiDAR derived digital elevation models (DEMs) which describe the forests terrain. The study uses a new method which eliminates Global Positioning System (GPS) error. The study found that slope and slope variability both significantly affect DEM error and should be taken in to account when using LiDAR derived DEMs. The second study uses LiDAR derived forest vegetation and terrain metrics to predict terrestrial Plethodontid salamander abundance across the forest. This study used night time visual encounter surveys coupled with zero-inflation modeling to predict salamander abundance based on environmental covariates. We focused on two salamander species, Plethodon glutinosus and Plethodon kentucki. Our methods produced two different best fit models for the two species. Plethodon glutinosus included vegetation height standard deviation and water flow accumulation covariates, while Plethodon kentucki included only canopy cover as a covariate. These methods are applicable to many different species and can be very useful for focusing management efforts and understanding species distributions across the landscape.
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Bergmann, Nicolas Timothy. "Preserving Nature through Film: Wilderness Alps of Stehekin and the North Cascades, 1956-1968." PDXScholar, 2013. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/973.
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On March 22, 1958 David Brower's film Wilderness Alps of Stehekin premiered to an audience of conservationists in Seattle, Washington. Almost two years in the making, the thirty-one minute film advocated the preservation of nature in Washington's North Cascades through the creation of a national park. Over the next decade, Wilderness Alps of Stehekin became the most influential publicity tool in the struggle to preserve the North Cascades. Because of the region's geographic isolation, the film was the first time many people throughout the nation were exposed to the scenic grandeur of the area. Images of craggy peaks and colorful alpine meadows resonated deeply with many Americans and persuaded them to join in the campaign. It was the voice of these citizens that led Congress to pass the North Cascades Act of 1968, which placed 674,000 acres of the North Cascades under the jurisdiction of the National Park Service.
In this thesis I tell the creation story of North Cascades National Park from a conservationist perspective and trace the influence of Wilderness Alps of Stehekin within this context. Although the film was never shown in movie theaters and never aired on national television, many thousands viewed it from its premiere to the signing of the North Cascades Act. The film first introduced the idea of a North Cascades National Park, and it was important in convincing conservationists to unite around a national park solution. Ultimately, Wilderness Alps of Stehekin changed the approach activists took in the North Cascades and helped to preserve a wild and scenic nature experience for future generations through the protection of old-growth forests and alpine meadows.
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Auten, Steve R. "Mortality Assessment of Redwood and Mixed Conifer Forest Types in Santa Cruz County Following Wildfire." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2012. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/878.
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On August 12, 2009, the Lockheed Fire ignited the west slope of the Santa Cruz Mountains burning approximately 7,819 acres. Foresters and other land managers were left with challenging decisions on how to evaluate tree mortality. Big Creek Lumber Company, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo (Cal Poly)’s Swanton Pacific Ranch (SPR), and other resource professionals familiar with this region teamed up to develop a method for evaluating damage and thereby mortality for redwood, California nutmeg, live oak, tanoak, California bay, Pacific madrone, big leaf maple, Douglas-fir, Monterey pine, and knobcone pine. Quantitative damage criteria were used to design three Mortality Assessment models (MA), divided into three diameter at breast height classes (1-8.9, 9-16.9, >17 inches), for all tree species. These models were compared against pre-fire data from 82, one-fifth acre fixed plots from SPR’s Continuous Forest Inventory. Since the initial evaluation using the new MA in Fall 2009, each of the 2,877 trees were re-evaluated in Spring 2010 and Spring 2011 to determine if initial evaluations from the MA in 2009 were correct. To date, predictions to determine individual tree mortality using the Mortality Assessment models have been 89.3% correct.
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Ahimbisibwe, Beine Peter. "A socio-economic assessment of the impacts of invasive alien plant species on forestry production the case of Senna spectabilis in Budongo forest reserve, Uganda /." Diss., Pretoria : [s.n.], 2009. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-11302009-210738/.
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Mello, Kaline de. "Forest cover and water quality in tropical agricultural watersheds." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11152/tde-03082017-101658/.
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Tropical forests are under continual threat due to deforestation and forest fragmentation processes which are driven by the economic activities growth, mainly agriculture. Replacing forest with other land uses can cause severe impacts on river water quality, altering its physical, chemical and biological characteristics. The Atlantic Forest, in particular, had its original vegetation cover reduced to about 11%, wherein the crop lands expansion and urban sprawl still threatening this important ecosystem and the ecosystem services that it provides. In this sense, the main objective of this study was to investigate the relation between forest cover and water quality of tropical agricultural watersheds. For that, six experimental watersheds with different percentage of forest cover were selected in the Sarapuí River watershed, State of São Paulo, Brazil. Water samples were collected during a hydrologic year to obtain water quality parameters that represent impacts induced by anthropic activities. According to the percentage of forest cover, the watersheds were denominated as \"forested\", when they presented more than 55% of forest cover, and \"degraded\", with less than 35%. Multivariate statistical models were applied to identify differences between these two groups. In a second moment, the relation of land use/land cover within the watershed and within its respective riparian zone, represented in this study by the Permanent Preservation Areas (PPA), with water quality was compared through mixed models and redundancy analysis to identify the main factors that influenced water quality variability. Lastly, a watershed simulation modeling was applied to verify the impact of riparian forest restoration on water quality of the Sarapuí River watershed, wherein each experimental watershed was represented by a sub-watershed in the model. The results showed that the degraded watersheds presented higher values of solids, turbidity, nutrients and coliforms, besides presenting greater temporal data variability compared to forested watersheds. This variation is associated with the stream flow changes during the year. In general, forest cover was related to good water quality, while agriculture and urban areas were responsible for the water quality degradation. Pasture presented mixed impacts, but it was not generally correlated with poor water quality. The water quality parameters responded differently to the influence of land-use/land-cover patterns in the watershed and riparian zone, but the overall water quality is better explained by the landscape composition within the watershed. Nevertheless, the watershed simulation indicated that PPA restoration reduces the sediment and nutrients loading into the river. Thus, it is possible to conclude that tropical forest plays a fundamental role in the water resources conservation, reducing impacts of human activities in watersheds and the watershed management with forest restoration strategies for the entire watershed is critical for the maintenance of water quality to water supply, despite the importance of the riparian zone.As florestas tropicais estão sob constante ameaça devido ao processo de desmatamento e fragmentação florestal impulsionado pelo crescimento das atividades econômicas, em especial, a agricultura. A substituição de áreas florestadas por outros usos do solo pode causar impactos severos na qualidade da água de rios, alterando suas características físicas, químicas e biológicas. A Mata Atlântica, em especial, teve sua cobertura original reduzida a cerca de 11%, sendo que a expansão de terras cultiváveis e urbanização ainda ameaçam esse importante ecossistema e os serviços ecossistêmicos prestados por ele. Nesse sentido, este estudo propôs investigar a relação da cobertura florestal com a qualidade da água de microbacias agrícolas tropicais. Para tanto, foram selecionadas seis microbacias experimentais com diferentes porcentagens de cobertura florestal na bacia do rio Sarapuí, Estado de São Paulo, Brasil, onde foram feitas coletas de amostras de água por um ano hidrológico para a obtenção de parâmetros que representassem alterações na água induzidas por atividades antrópicas. Inicialmente as microbacias foram classificadas em \"florestadas\" e \"degradadas\", e modelos estatísticos multivariados foram aplicados para identificar diferenças entre os grupos. Em um segundo momento comparou-se a relação do uso e cobertura do solo na microbacia e na Área de Preservação Permanente (APP) com a qualidade da água utilizando-se modelos mistos e análise de redundância para identificar os principais fatores que influenciam a variabilidade da qualidade da água. Por último foi gerado um modelo hidrológico para simular o impacto da restauração da floresta ripária na qualidade da água da bacia do rio Sarapuí onde cada microbacia experimental desse estudo foi representada por uma sub-bacia do modelo. Os resultados mostram que as microbacias degradadas apresentam valores maiores de sólidos, turbidez, nutrientes e coliformes. Além disso, apresentam maior variabilidade temporal dos dados em relação às microbacias florestadas associada às alterações da vazão do rio. Em geral, a cobertura florestal foi relacionada à boa qualidade da água, enquanto que agricultura e ocupação urbana foram os usos do solo responsáveis pela degradação da qualidade da água. O uso pastagem apresentou impactos mistos, porém no geral não foi correlacionado à qualidade da água ruim. Os parâmetros de qualidade da água responderam de forma diferente quanto à influência dos padrões de uso e cobertura do solo na microbacia e na APP, porém, considerando-se todos parâmetros em conjunto, a qualidade da água é melhor explicada pela composição da paisagem da microbacia. Ainda assim, a simulação do modelo indicou que a restauração das APPs reduz a carga de sedimentos e nutrientes para o rio. Com isso, conclui-se que a floresta tropical tem papel fundamental na conservação dos recursos hídricos, reduzindo impactos das atividades humanas exercidas nas microbacias e que, apesar da importância das APPs na redução de poluentes para o rio, o manejo de bacias com estratégias de restauração florestal para toda a microbacia é extremamente importante para a manutenção da qualidade da água para abastecimento.
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Hackworth, Zachary J. "EFFICACY OF HERBIVORE EXCLUSION ON PLANTED TREE SEEDLING VITALITY ON A RECLAIMED SURFACE MINE IN EASTERN KENTUCKY." UKnowledge, 2018. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/forestry_etds/41.
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Conventional Appalachian surface-mine reclamation techniques repress natural forest regeneration, and tree plantings are often necessary for reforestation. Reclaimed Appalachian surface mines harbor a suite of mammal herbivores that forage on recently planted seedlings. Anecdotal reports across Appalachia have implicated herbivory in the hindrance and failure of reforestation efforts, yet empirical evaluation of herbivory impacts on planted seedling vitality in this region remains relatively uninitiated. First growing-season survival, height growth, and mammal herbivory damage of black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.), shortleaf pine (Pinus echinata Mill.), and white oak (Quercus alba L.) are presented in response to varying intensities of herbivore exclusion. Seedling survival was generally high, and height growth was positive for all species. The highest herbivory incidence of all tree species was observed in treatments offering no herbivore exclusion. While seedling protectors lowered herbivory incidence compared with no exclusion, full exclusion treatments resulted in the greatest reduction of herbivore damage. Although herbivory from rabbits, small mammals, and domestic animals was observed, cervids (deer and elk) were responsible for 95.8% of all damaged seedlings. This study indicates that cervids forage heavily on planted seedlings during the first growing-season, but exclusion and tree species selection is effective at reducing herbivory.
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Rodrigues, Carlos José. "Variação genética para caracteres silviculturais em banco ativo de germoplasma de espécies arbóreas do cerrado e da floresta estacional semidecidual /." Ilha Solteira : [s.n.], 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/106176.
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Resumo: A construção da Usina Hidrelétrica Engenheiro Sergio Motta, na região do Pontal do Paranapanema, promoveu severos impactos aos ambientes naturais, especialmente sobre as comunidades florestais remanescentes. Com a finalidade de compensar a perda das espécies florestais na área de inundação do reservatório, desenvolveu-se por meio do convênio CESP - ESALQ/USP-IPEF, o Projeto Banco Ativo de Germoplasma (BAG), implantando-se em forma de teste de progênies, delineamento de blocos ao acaso, constituído por três repetições, contendo parcelas lineares de oito plantas de trinta progênies de cada uma das espécies eleitas para conservação. O presente estudo objetivou verificar o comportamento, variação genética e propor estratégia adequada de seleção para caracteres silviculturais de 32 espécies do Banco Ativo de Germoplasma de espécies de Floresta Estacional Semidecidual (BAG - SP), implantado em Rosana - SP e de 31 espécies conservadas no Banco Ativo de Germoplasma de espécies do Cerrado (BAG - MS), implantado em Anaurilândia - MS. Foram avaliados os caracteres DAP (diâmetro a altura do peito), altura e sobrevivência. Os resultados, obtidos por meio do programa estatístico SELEGEN-REML/BLUP, possibilitaram observar que o sistema de plantio adotado na implantação do Banco Ativo de Germoplasma da Floresta Estacional Semidecidual (BAG - SP) e do Banco Ativo de Germoplasma do Cerrado (BAG - MS), mostra-se promissor para as espécies que se encontram conservadas nestes. Aos 9,3 anos após o início da implantação o BAG - SP apresenta, em média, 67,5% de sobrevivência, DAP de 5,42 cm e 5,73 m de altura. Aos 8,3 anos após o início da implantação o BAG - MS apresenta, em média, 65% de sobrevivência, DAP de 7,51 cm e 5,79 m de altura. A variação genética presente nas populações que compõe o... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)Abstract: The construction of the Hydroeletric Power Plant Engenheiro Sergio Motta; in the region of Pontal do Paranapanema, caused severe impacts to natural environments, especially on the remaining forest communities. To compensate the loss of forest species in the floodplain of the reservoir, was developed, through the partnership CESP - ESALQ/ USP-IPEF, the Project Active Germplasm Bank (AGB), implemented in the form of a progeny test, designed random blocks, consisting of three replicates, containing linear parcels of eight plants from thirty progenies of each one of the elected species for conservation. This work aimed to study the genectic variation for the silvicultural characters of 32 species from the Active Germplasm Bank of species of Semideciduous Seasonal Forest (AGB - SP), implemented in Rosana - SP and 31 species conserved in the Active Germplasm Bank of Cerrado species (AGB-MS), implemented in Anaurilândia - MS. Were evaluated the DBH (diameter at breast height), height and survival. The results obtained through the statistical program SELEGEN-REML/BLUP, allowed to observe that the plantation system adopted in the implementation of the Active Germplasm Bank of the Semideciduous Seasonal Forest (AGB-SP) and the Active Germplasm Bank of Cerrado (AGB-MS) shows promise for the species that are conserved in these. At 9.3 years after the beginning of the implementation, the AGB - SP showed 67.5% of survival, DBH of 5.42 cm and 5.73 m of height and the AGB-MS, at 8.3 years after the beginning of the implementation showed 65% of survival, DBH of 7.51cm and 5.79 m of height. The genetic variation present in populations that make up the AGBSP and AGB-MS validates the ex situ conservation program that was proposed and enables the development of an improving program for these species, in order to produce improved seeds. The strategy... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Orientador: Mario Luiz Teixeira de Moraes
Coorientador: Marcos Deon Vilela de Resende
Banca: Marco Eustaquio de Sa
Banca: João Antonio da Costa Andrade
Banca: Flávio Bertin Gandara
Banca: Reginaldo Brito da Costa
Doutor
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Dressler, Wolfram Heinz. "Old thoughts in new ideas : Tagbanua forest use and state conservation measures at Puerto Princesa Subterranean River National Park, Palawan Island, Philippines." Thesis, McGill University, 2005. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=85154.
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This study examines how Tagbanua responses to changes in conservation approaches have shaped forest access and use in relation to the political economy of a buffer zone village on Palawan Island, the Philippines. A recent shift from "fences and fines" to "devolved" conservation at Puerto Princesa Subterranean River National Park in Cabayugan has been lauded in government and non-governmental circles to support Tagbanua livelihoods while preserving the rain forest. Concurrently, however, the Tagbanua have adjusted to migrants dispossessing them of land, controlling the trade in forest products, and the means of agricultural production. Given that conservation and local resource access and use now intersect, this study asks whether "community-based" conservation can fulfill its own objectives while addressing older disparities in social relations of production and exchange.A history of national park and cadastral zoning has restricted Tagbanua access to forest resources while supporting settler migration onto public lands. The two-way process of park zoning and migrant control over trade and productive resources has become interrelated and shaped the evolution of conservation in Cabayugan from 1971-2001. Although older "fences and fines" criminalized traditional resource uses, such as swidden (kaingin), and supported state interests in expanding paddy rice cultivation (basakan ), newer community-based approaches have carried on this agenda. Going against its purported benefits, such conservation has supported the livelihoods of dominant households, both politically and economically. Over time, these households have used political economic opportunities to build on and influence how projects support their livelihoods, which has exacerbated socio-economic differences between both social groups. As a result, conservation practitioners have continued to tie into and support wealthier households' production, while fulfilling the state's agenda of curbing swidden. Confined to unequal trade and restrictions over swidden, Tagbanua livelihoods remain vulnerable and have difficulty sustaining paddy rice. With few options to reinvest, they fail to access those socio-political and economic networks that enable participation in projects that support more lucrative cultivation. Despite good intentions, current attempts by state practitioners and non-governmental organizations at livelihood development for conservation have proven to be more divisive than effective.
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Moreira, Fabiano Mazzilli de Souza. "Código Florestal Brasileiro: métodos para localização de reservas legais e comparação de propostas de alteração da lei." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18139/tde-05122011-140658/.
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No Brasil, o surgimento da primeira versão do Código Florestal em 1934 pelo Decreto 23.793 e posteriormente do Novo Código Florestal (CF) em 1965 (Lei 4.771) refletem a preocupação da sociedade em utilizar de forma racional o território nacional. No que se refere à conservação e gestão de recursos naturais, o CF vigente estabelece dois importantes instrumentos de conservação: as Áreas de Preservação Permanente (APPs) e as Reservas Legais (RLs). A localização das APPs é imutável e as RLs podem ser locadas de diferentes formas, segundo critérios estabelecidos pela Lei e complementados pelos Estados. Os critérios gerais para a localização das RLs, bem como sua aplicação na prática, podem, porém, gerar subjetividades. Evidencia-se, assim, a necessidade de buscar instrumentos mais precisos para este fim. Nesse sentido, estudos vêm sendo realizados no intuito de auxiliar os tomadores de decisão quanto à localização das RLs, de forma que essas cheguem o mais próximo possível de cumprir as funções de utilização sustentável dos recursos naturais e a conservação da biodiversidade. Por outro lado, os avanços historicamente obtidos no Brasil contemplados pelo CF vigente, podem sofrer profundas alterações caso seja aprovado o Projeto de Lei 1.876-C de 1.999 (PL), apresentado à Câmara Federal e aprovado em 24 de maio de 2011, encaminhado ao Senado como PL 30/2011. O PL propôs significativas reduções nas dimensões das APPs e RLs, bem como a flexibilização da obrigatoriedade de aplicação desses instrumentos legais em diversas situações. Este fato gerou contestações da comunidade científica (representada pela Sociedade Brasileira para o Progresso da Ciência SBPC e pela Academia Brasileira de Ciências ABC), que argumenta que apenas aspectos econômicos imediatistas foram considerados na elaboração do PL, desconsiderando-se aspectos ambientais e negligenciando o devido aporte dos conhecimentos científicos e tecnológicos na revisão de uma Lei de grande interesse para toda a sociedade. Frente a este contexto, esta investigação teve como objetivos analisar métodos para definir áreas prioritárias para a localização de RLs e comparar diferentes posicionamentos em relação à atual polêmica sobre alterações do CF vigente. Para tanto foram definidos os seguintes objetivos específicos: 1. Aplicar três métodos para localização de RL com base no CF vigente, considerando a possibilidade de compensação entre propriedades, de modo a identificar qual método mais favorece o cumprimento das funções designadas a esse instrumento legal. 2. Eleger um dos métodos testados para gerar cenários e comparar as orientações contidas no CF vigente com as propostas apresentadas para sua revisão, tanto o Projeto de Lei 1.876-C de 1999 e o PL 30/2011, como as propostas da SBPC e ABC. O recorte territorial foi o município de São Carlos-SP, o SIG utilizado foi o IDRISI e o software utilizado para cálculo das métricas de paisagem foi o FRAGSTATS. Os resultados demonstraram que: métodos de fácil aplicação podem auxiliar na definição da localização de RLs para que suas funções sejam satisfatoriamente cumpridas; e, o PL traria consequências extremamente negativas à conservação da biodiversidade, solos e recursos hídricos e, portanto, sua revisão deve ser postergada e devidamente pautada na participação da sociedade e da comunidade científica.In Brazil, the first version of Forest Code in 1934, created by the Decree 23.793, and latter the New Forest Code (FC) in 1965 (Law 4.771) shows the concerns of the society for the rational use of national territory. Concerning to the management and conservation of natural resources, the present FC establishes two important conservation tools: Permanent Preserved Areas (PPA) and the Legal Reserves (LR). The PPA\'s location is immutable and the LR can be located in different ways, according to criteria defined by Federal Law and complemented by the States. The general criteria for LR location can, however, create subjectivities. It becomes clear the needing of searching more precise instruments for achieving its goals. For that, researches have been done to help decision makers to define LR\'s location, intending to achieve properly its functions of sustainable use of natural resources and biodiversity conservation. Although the historical advances obtained in Brazil with the FC, it can deeply retrocede if the Law Project 1876-C/99 (LP), presented and approved by the Congress and sent to Senate as LP 30/2011, became approved. The LP proposes significant reductions on the PPA and RL dimensions, as well as facilitates the non obligation of laws application. This fact has sparked contestations of the science community, represented by the Sociedade Brasileira para o Progresso da Ciência (SBPC) and the Academia Brasileira de Ciências (ABC), that says only short term economical components were considered on the LP, desconsidering environmental components and neglecting the support of science and technology knowledge when rewriting such important law for the society, as the FC. This researchs goals are to analyze methods for LR\'s location and to compare different views of changes on FC. For that, were defined two specific goals: 1 Apply three methods for LR\'s location according to the FC, considering the possibility of compensation of LR between properties, intending to identify witch method better achieve the LR functions. 2 Elect one of the tested methods and create scenarios to compare the FC directions with the proposals presented to its review suggested by the LP 1.876-C/1999 (and LP 30/2011) and the SBPC/ABC. The scenarios were designed for the São Carlos city located on São Paulo State, the GIS used was IDRISI and the software used to calculate the landscape metrics was the FRAGSTATS. The results shows that: easy application methods can help on the definition of LRs location in manner to achieve its goals; the LP would bring strong negatives consequences for the biodiversity, soil and water resources conservation, and, for that, its reviewing should be postponed and properly supported by society and scientific community participation.
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Rodrigues, Carlos José [UNESP]. "Variação genética para caracteres silviculturais em banco ativo de germoplasma de espécies arbóreas do cerrado e da floresta estacional semidecidual." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/106176.
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rodrigues_cj_dr_ilha.pdf: 1658043 bytes, checksum: 2ad97ce0bc47360910cd7c904ad1c71d (MD5)A construção da Usina Hidrelétrica Engenheiro Sergio Motta, na região do Pontal do Paranapanema, promoveu severos impactos aos ambientes naturais, especialmente sobre as comunidades florestais remanescentes. Com a finalidade de compensar a perda das espécies florestais na área de inundação do reservatório, desenvolveu-se por meio do convênio CESP – ESALQ/USP-IPEF, o Projeto Banco Ativo de Germoplasma (BAG), implantando-se em forma de teste de progênies, delineamento de blocos ao acaso, constituído por três repetições, contendo parcelas lineares de oito plantas de trinta progênies de cada uma das espécies eleitas para conservação. O presente estudo objetivou verificar o comportamento, variação genética e propor estratégia adequada de seleção para caracteres silviculturais de 32 espécies do Banco Ativo de Germoplasma de espécies de Floresta Estacional Semidecidual (BAG – SP), implantado em Rosana – SP e de 31 espécies conservadas no Banco Ativo de Germoplasma de espécies do Cerrado (BAG - MS), implantado em Anaurilândia – MS. Foram avaliados os caracteres DAP (diâmetro a altura do peito), altura e sobrevivência. Os resultados, obtidos por meio do programa estatístico SELEGEN-REML/BLUP, possibilitaram observar que o sistema de plantio adotado na implantação do Banco Ativo de Germoplasma da Floresta Estacional Semidecidual (BAG – SP) e do Banco Ativo de Germoplasma do Cerrado (BAG - MS), mostra-se promissor para as espécies que se encontram conservadas nestes. Aos 9,3 anos após o início da implantação o BAG – SP apresenta, em média, 67,5% de sobrevivência, DAP de 5,42 cm e 5,73 m de altura. Aos 8,3 anos após o início da implantação o BAG – MS apresenta, em média, 65% de sobrevivência, DAP de 7,51 cm e 5,79 m de altura. A variação genética presente nas populações que compõe o...
The construction of the Hydroeletric Power Plant Engenheiro Sergio Motta; in the region of Pontal do Paranapanema, caused severe impacts to natural environments, especially on the remaining forest communities. To compensate the loss of forest species in the floodplain of the reservoir, was developed, through the partnership CESP – ESALQ/ USP-IPEF, the Project Active Germplasm Bank (AGB), implemented in the form of a progeny test, designed random blocks, consisting of three replicates, containing linear parcels of eight plants from thirty progenies of each one of the elected species for conservation. This work aimed to study the genectic variation for the silvicultural characters of 32 species from the Active Germplasm Bank of species of Semideciduous Seasonal Forest (AGB – SP), implemented in Rosana – SP and 31 species conserved in the Active Germplasm Bank of Cerrado species (AGB-MS), implemented in Anaurilândia – MS. Were evaluated the DBH (diameter at breast height), height and survival. The results obtained through the statistical program SELEGEN-REML/BLUP, allowed to observe that the plantation system adopted in the implementation of the Active Germplasm Bank of the Semideciduous Seasonal Forest (AGB-SP) and the Active Germplasm Bank of Cerrado (AGB-MS) shows promise for the species that are conserved in these. At 9.3 years after the beginning of the implementation, the AGB – SP showed 67.5% of survival, DBH of 5.42 cm and 5.73 m of height and the AGB-MS, at 8.3 years after the beginning of the implementation showed 65% of survival, DBH of 7.51cm and 5.79 m of height. The genetic variation present in populations that make up the AGBSP and AGB-MS validates the ex situ conservation program that was proposed and enables the development of an improving program for these species, in order to produce improved seeds. The strategy... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)