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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Forest guides'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 15 February 2022

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1

Deneke, Fred. "Recovering from Wildfire: A Guide for Arizona's Forest Owners." College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/146946.

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2

DeGomez, Tom. "Recovering from Wildfire: A Guide for Arizona's Forest Owners." College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/239604.

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3

Musy, Rebecca Forest. "Refinement of Automated Forest Area Estimation via Iterative Guided Spectral Class Rejection." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/33053.

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The goal of this project was to develop an operational Landsat TM image classification protocol for FIA forest area estimation. A hybrid classifier known as Iterative Guided Spectral Class Rejection (IGSCR) was automated using the ERDAS C Toolkit and ERDAS Macro Language. The resulting program was tested on 4 Landsat ETM+ images using training data collected via region-growing at 200 random points within each image. The classified images were spatially post-processed using variations on a 3x3 majority filter and a clump and eliminate technique. The accuracy of the images was assessed using the center land use of all plots, and subsets containing plots with 50, 75 and 100% homogeneity. The overall classification accuracies ranged from 81.9-95.4%. The forest area estimates derived from all image, filter and accuracy set combinations met the USDA Forest Service precision requirement of less than 3% per million acres timberland. There were no consistently significant filtering effects at the 95% level; however, the 3x3 majority filter significantly improved the accuracy of the most fragmented image and did not decrease the accuracy of the other images. Overall accuracy increased with homogeneity of the plots used in the validation set and decreased with fragmentation (estimated by % edge; R2 = 0.932). We conclude that the use of random points to initiate training data collection via region-growing may be an acceptable and repeatable addition to the IGSCR protocol, if the training data are representative of the spectral characteristics of the image. We recommend 3x3 majority filtering for all images, and, if it would not bias the sample, the selection of validation data using a plot homogeneity requirement rather than plot center land use only. These protocol refinements, along with the automation of IGSCR, make IGSCR suitable for use by the USDA Forest Service in the operational classification of Landsat imagery for forest area estimation.
Master of Science
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4

Wayman, Jared Paul. "Landsat TM-Based Forest Area Estimation Using Iterative Guided Spectral Class Rejection." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/33252.

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In cooperation with the USDA Forest Service Southern Research Station, an algorithm has been developed to replace the current aerial-photography-derived FIA Phase 1 estimates of forest/non-forest with a Landsat Thematic Mapper-based forest area estimation. Corrected area estimates were obtained using a new hybrid classifier called Iterative Guided Spectral Class Rejection (IGSCR) for portions of three physiographic regions of Virginia. Corrected area estimates were also derived using the Landsat Thematic Mapper-based Multi-Resolution Land Characteristic Interagency Consortium (MRLC) cover maps. Both satellite-based corrected area estimates were tested against the traditional photo-based estimates. Forest area estimates were not significantly different (at the 95% level) between the traditional FIA, IGSCR, and MRLC methods, although the precision of the satellite-based estimates was lower. The estimated percent forest area and the standard error (respectively) of the estimates for each region and method are as follows; Coastal Plain- Phase 1 66.06% and 1.08%, IGSCR 68.88% and 2.93%, MRLC 69.84% and 3.08%. Piedmont- Phase 1 63.87% and 1.91%, IGSCR 65.52% and 3.50%, MRLC 59.19% and 3.83%. Ridge and Valley- Phase 1 69.74% and 1.22%, IGSCR 70.02%, and 2.43%, MRLC 70.53% and 2.52%. Map accuracies were not significantly different (at the 95% level) between the IGSCR method and the MRLC method. Overall accuracies ranged from 80% to 89% using FIA definitions of forest and non-forest land use. Given standardization of the image rectification process and training data properties, the IGSCR methodology is objective and repeatable across users, regions, and time and outperforms the MRLC for FIA applications.
Master of Science
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5

Moores, Leonard Jay. "Toward a citizens' guide to sustainable forest management in Newfoundland and Labrador." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ60857.pdf.

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6

Abe, Hitofumi. "Forest management impacts on growth, diversity and nutrient cycling of lowland tropical rainforest and plantations, Papua New Guinea." University of Western Australia. School of Plant Biology, 2008. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2008.0098.

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[Truncated abstract] Globally, tropical rainforests are noted for their high biodiversity and key roles in carbon storage and influence on climate. Nevertheless, tropical deforestation in many parts of the world continues at an alarming rate. In Papua New Guinea (PNG), tropical rainforest is relatively well maintained, with about 70 % of the land area still covered by primary forest. However, PNG's native forests are coming under increasing pressure, particularly from selective logging for high quality timber. While the forests of PNG, and more broadly the entire New Guinea Island, are recognised as of high conservation and ecological significance, they remain grossly understudied with little knowledge of key ecosystem processes within lowland forests in particular. Such knowledge is urgently required if the impacts of logging and other land-use change are to be assessed and in order to develop sustainable management systems. This thesis investigated the impacts of logging on diversity and nutrient cycling in a lowland tropical rainforest growing on limestone soils in the area of the Mongi-Busiga Forest Management Agreement (FMA, which is a logging concession area), in northeastern PNG. These forests are on relatively young soils and provide a useful contrast to the majority of tropical forests. The research includes a four-year study of the recovery of diversity and structure after logging, and quantified forest structure, tree species diversity, forest biomass and productivity, and nutrient distribution and cycling. This thesis also examines the ecological sustainability of Eucalyptus deglupta plantations in Wasab, PNG as an alternative resource for timber and biomass energy. The thesis concludes with a discussion of long-term forest recovery and sustainable forest management in north-eastern PNG. Two adjacent one-hectare plots were established in lowland tropical rainforest at Mongi-Busiga FMA. One of these plots was subsequently selectively logged, one year after establishment. Before logging, the two one-hectare plots contained a total of 37 families, 70 genera and 110 tree species that were >5 cm in diameter at breast height. Mean basal area was 42.4 m2 ha-1. Two tree species, Madhuca leucodermis (Sapotaceae) and Pometia pinnata (Sapindaceae) accounted for ~60% of the total basal area. Gymnacranthera paniculata (Myristicaceae) was the most common species and accounted for 13% of individuals. ... This study concludes that the Mongi-Busiga forest has many unusual characteristics for a tropical forest, including relatively low diversity of tree species, high accumulation of P in the biomass, and N limitations, compared to other tropical rainforests. However, those extraordinary characteristics may be explained well by the underlying geology of young, marine-derived limestone. Sustainable management of the lowland tropical forests of PNG should consider the consequences of logging on nutrient cycling processes, with the possible significant removal of P from site with repeated logging, as well as the interactions between N and P in these systems. Establishment of Eucalyptus plantations on previously cleared land also has the potential to meet some of the timber and biomass energy requirements of northern PNG in ecologically sustainable manner.
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7

Lindström, Johanna. "Our Valuable Nature : Making the forest a common concern to guide rural development in Norrland." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Arkitekthögskolan vid Umeå universitet, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-160148.

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In Norrland, forests make up the biggest area of land, where different activities and actors exist in the same locations. Conflicts arise when different actors and agendas clash, making it hard to have a sustainable co-existence in the forest. Through forest research and other initiatives, new methods and strategies are being explored to make co-existence possible. Currently there is a gap between the research and its end user, as well as a dislocation of research facilities where most are located along the coast instead of the inland and the forest. Can architecture be a tool to raise awareness about nature and forests, making it a common concern? The proposal is to create a forest research center in the forest in the inland, where actors work and activities take place. The building combines the different users, creating a space where researchers and forest owners can share knowledge and experiences, and work towards a sustainable management without conflicts. Through the program of the building, the public get access to knowledge and become involved in the politics and management of the forest. The design explores and exposes the possibilities of wood, where incremental design showcases the impact of nature.
I Norrland utgörs den största andelen land av skog, där olika aktiviteter och aktörer verkar i samma områden. När aktörer med olika agendor ska samsas på samma plats uppstår ofta konflikter som leder till en ohållbar miljö. Genom att ha en överblick över alla aktiviteter utforskar svensk skogsforskning och andra initiativ nya metoder och strategier som kan möjliggöra en hållbar samexistens i skogen. Än finns dock ett glapp mellan forskare, skogsägare och andra aktörer, som inte förbättras av att forskningsanläggningarna är belägna längs kusten istället för inlandet och skogen. Kan arkitektur vara ett verktyg för att öka allmänhetens medvetenheten och intresse för naturen och skogen? Mitt förslag är ett center för skogsforskning i Västerbottens inland, där aktörerna arbetar och bedriver sina verksamheter. Byggnaden kombinerar de olika användarna och skapar en plats där forskare och skogsägare kan utbyta kunskap och erfarenheter, och samarbeta för en hållbar skogshållning som minimerar konflikter. Genom byggnadens program får allmänheten tillgång till kunskap om skogspolitik och skötsel, vilket kan leda till starkare engagemang och medvetenhet. Designen utforskar och visar trä som byggnadsmaterial, där uppbyggnaden över tid förstärker naturens påverkan.
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8

Lucindo, Anderson da Silva. "Avifauna de matas ciliares do Rio Batalha e adjacências, região centro-oeste do estado de São Paulo, Brasil." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/2023.

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Forest fragmentation and habitat loss in tropical regions are implicated for different organisms responses, with special attention to avian species susceptible to disturbance. They react negatively in the face of changes in their habitats, reducing population size. In this scenario, the riparian forests play an important role as refuge for many species of birds. This study aimed to survey the avifauna of two riparian forests belonging to the Batalha River, West-central region of the state of São Paulo. The birds were described according to their composition, guild structures, degree of dependence on forest quality and level of sensitively to disturbances. Altogether, the census methods applied across the paths and point counts revealed a total of 162 bird species distributed in 48 families and 21 orders, among which 98 were forests, 14 endemic to other kind of vegetation, 3 endangered, 8 near threatened 32 abundant residents and various insectivorous specialists. These results testify the important contribution of riparian forests of west-central of São Paulo state in the conservation of local birds that are sensitive to the fragmentation.
Fragmentação florestal e perda de hábitat em regiões tropicais têm suscitado diferentes respostas em diferentes organismos, com especial atenção às espécies sensíveis a perturbações e dependentes de florestas. Estas reagem negativamente frente às alterações em seus hábitats, reduzindo em tamanho populacional. Neste cenário as matas ciliares exercem importante papel como refúgio para diversas espécies de aves. O presente estudo teve por objetivos inventariar as aves de dois fragmentos ciliares pertencentes ao Rio Batalha, região centro-oeste paulista. A avifauna foi caracterizada quanto à sua composição e estrutura, bem como em relação à ocorrência de espécies dependentes e semi-dependentes de florestas, as quais respondem mais sensivelmente a perturbações em seus hábitats. O censo quali-quantitativo, aplicado através dos métodos de trajetos e de pontos de escuta, revelou uma riqueza de 162 espécies de aves somando a avifauna de ambas as áreas, distribuídas em 48 famílias e 21 ordens. Foram identificadas 98 espécies florestais, sendo 27 migratórias, 14 endêmicas a outras formações, 3 ameaçadas de extinção, 8 quase ameaçadas, 32 residentes abundantes e várias insetívoras e frugívoras especialistas. Esses resultados são suficientes para demonstrar a relevante contribuição de matas ciliares do Rio Batalha na conservação da avifauna regional, sensível ao processo de fragmentação. Palavras-chave:, guildas tróficas. 2
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9

Kmon, Megan Kathleen. "Systems Thinking in the Forest Service: a Framework to Guide Practical Application for Social-Ecological Management in the Enterprise Program." PDXScholar, 2016. http://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/3312.

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The U.S. Forest Service (USFS) Enterprise Program (EP), which provides fee-for-service consulting services to the USFS, is interested in integrating systems thinking into its service offerings. Despite there being several excellent sources on the range and diversity of systems thinking, no single framework exists that thoroughly yet concisely outlines what systems thinking is along with its deep history, theoretical tenets, and soft and hard approaches. This thesis is an attempt to create such a framework, aimed specifically at practical application in a land management agency, through literature synthesis injected with original analysis. The usefulness of the framework is then tested using three case studies within the EP and the agency as a whole. The framework highlights several important aspects of systems thinking, both generally and related specifically to social-ecological management. First, systems thinking is the transdisciplinary study of complex phenomena from a holistic, rather than reductionist, perspective. The world can be viewed as a massive set of embedded systems -- elements with relations that lead to nonlinear behavior -- making the role of the observer essential in identifying scales of interest and interactions amongst them. Second, the deep history of holistic thinking suggests that its modern scientific study could benefit from exploring the East's long-standing cultural and spiritual approaches to holism through cognitive unity and oneness with mankind and nature. Third, categorizations of systems approaches as "soft" versus "hard" are helpful but can distract us from the ultimate goal of systems thinking, which is to understand the various tools in the systems thinking toolbox so as to apply them critically and creatively to make a meaningful difference in the world. Fourth, I see the soft systems approaches as having a distinct systems thinking orientation and the hard systems approaches as overlapping substantially with operations research, the close cousin of systems thinking. Fifth, I identify a spectrum of complexity, contending that systems thinking tends to be concerned with what I call subjectively and computationally complex systems, as well as complex adaptive systems, leaving simple systems for other approaches. Finally, I contend that it is the soft systems approaches and the two theoretical pillars of hierarchy theory and cooperation theory that will aid wicked social-ecological problem solving the most. The framework is applied to three case studies. Examination of the EP reorganization using a hard systems approach revealed two critical high-level functions that were absent in the current structure, paving the way for new designs that could take those functions into account. Analysis of an initiative to increase citizen recreation on USFS lands showed that a systems approach had been improperly applied and how the application of a soft approach at the onset could have systematically framed the problem and offered unique normative insights for giving voice to relevant non-agency stakeholders as well as nature and future generations. And viewing the perennial problem of wildfire management through the lens of cooperation theory revealed how USFS leadership could take a more active role in promoting the long-term outlook, durable relationships, and reciprocal behaviors that are required for cooperative improvement to take place. As environmental narratives worsen and the need for transitioning towards sustainable ways of living heightens, systems thinking offers ever-increasing value to resource managers for its ability to deal with the many perspectives and normative content that underlie wicked problems and to help to illuminate potential consequences of system interventions given the interplay of complex structural dynamics across space and time.
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10

Broughton, Hubert Lee. "Combating terrorism: a guide for U.S. Naval forces afloat." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 1985. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA164863.

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11

Broughton, Hubert Lee. "Combatting terrorism a guide for U.S. naval forces afloat /." access online version, 1985. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA164863.

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12

Pretorius, T. S. "Vibration problems of skips in mine shafts : the effect of compressive forces in the guides." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/18790.

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Investigations into problems involving the vibration of conveyances in deep mining shafts have led to the identification of 'slamming' as a significant event in the initiation of large perturbations in the motion of the skip. Slamming occurs when the flexible rollers on the skip which normally act on the guides are inoperative. The primary concern is that this slamming event can give rise to large lateral loads on the shaft steelwork and is therefore a factor which limits the speed at which the skip can be drawn up the shaft. This study extends previous work to investigate the influence of compressive forces in the guides on the response of the skip and the steelwork. These forces are induced as a result of mining operations and lead to a decrease in the transverse stiffness of the guides. A mathematical model of the slamming event is formulated and a numerical solution for a specific case is performed. An alternative simplified solution is discussed and compared to the initial formulation, with the aim of facilitating the use of previous research results. A model to simulate the response of the skip when the skip rollers are functional is formulated, and numerical solutions of different examples are given. An important conclusion is that the compressive forces can significantly reduce the transverse stiffness of the guides, and should be taken into account in future designs. Bibliography: pages 86-88.
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13

Gilbert, Sarah M. "The development of a conceptual guide for the Wisconsin K-12 Forestry Education Program (LEAF) Urban forest supplement /." Link to full-text, 2006. http://epapers.uwsp.edu/thesis/2006/Gilbert.pdf.

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14

Engelen, Dries. "Comparing avifauna communities and bird functional diversity of forest and farmland in southwest Ethiopia." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Botaniska institutionen, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-86015.

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Worldwide degradation and conversion of tropical forests affects many species and their provided ecosystem services. Among them are birds, responsible for pollination, seed dispersal, pest control and scavenging. This study, conducted in southwest Ethiopia, compares species composition and bird functional diversity between forest and homegardens close to and far from forest, both in terms of species numbers and bird abundances. Point counts and mist netting were used to obtain data. While the former method detected more species, abundance data from the latter revealed patterns not observed by just comparing species numbers. I found that species diversity was lower in forest compared to gardens and that the species composition of both communities was significantly distinct. Whereas forest had more forest specialists, gardens held more forest visitors and species of open country. Close and far gardens did not differ in any aspect, except that abundances of forest generalist birds were somewhat higher close to forest. Regarding bird feeding guilds, I found that granivores and nectarivores were more numerous in gardens, while frugivores were more common in forest. Carnivores and omnivores showed no effect. Insectivore proportions were the same for forest and farmland, but their numbers (including those of all sub-guilds) were higher in gardens. The Ethiopian forest avifauna is poor in comparison with other Afromontane regions, lacking several, mostly insectivorous genera. This could be the result of an extinction after which its geographic isolation made recolonization difficult, especially for dispersal-limited understory species. Nonetheless, and despite their impoverished state, the results suggest that forest remnants are important for forest-dependent species, being a stronghold for forest specialists and supporting higher numbers of forest generalists in nearby gardens. However, future forest regrowth might be at stake with ongoing agricultural encroachment, because gardens hold fewer frugivores, especially forest specialists, which might affect seed dispersal.
Många arter påverkas negativt av avskogning och annan mänsklig påverkan på tropiska skogar, vilket också kan få konsekvenser för de ekosystemtjänster dessa arter levererar. En viktig artgrupp i detta avseende är fåglar, som kan ha betydelse för pollination, fröspridning, naturlig skadedjurskontroll och som asätare. Denna studie, utförd i sydvästra Etiopien, jämför artsammansättning och funktionell diversitet hos fåglar i skogar och trädgårdar både nära och långt ifrån skogen. Både antal arter och antal individer har undersökts. Data materialet bygger både på observationer från punktinventering och fåglar fångade med slöjnät. Med den första metoden noterade jag fler arter, medan abundansvärden från den andra metoden gjorde att jag såg mönster som inte syntes vid endast jämförelser av artrikedom. Jag fann att artrikedomen var lägre i skogen i jämförelse med trädgårdarna, men att artsammansättningen var signifikant skiljd däremellan. Skogarna hade fler skogsspecialister medan trädgårdarna hade fler arter från öppna marker och tillfälliga skogsbesökande arter. Trädgårdar som låg nära eller långt ifrån skogen skiljde sig inte på något sätt utom att individtätheten av skogsgeneralister var något högre i trädgårdar nära skogen. När det gäller uppdelningen av fåglarna utifrån vad de äter så fann jag att fröätande och nektarätande arter var vanligare i trädgårdar medan fruktätande arter var vanligare i skogen. Rovfåglar och allätare uppvisade inget tydligt mönster. Proportionen insektsätande fåglelarter var samma i skogen och trädgårdarna, men det absoluta antalet arter (inklusive alla olika underkategorier) var högre i trädgårdarna. Den etiopiska skogsfågelfaunan är artfattig i förhållande till andra bergstrakter i Afrika och saknar flera släkten av framförallt insektsätande fåglar. Detta skulle kunna bero på ett tidigare utdöende varefter en senare återkolonisering varit svår på grund av den geografiska isoleringen, speciellt för insektsätande fåglar som huvudsakligen finns i undervegetationen. Trots den relativa artfattigdomen så visar resultatet från min studie hursomhelst på att skogarna är viktiga för skogsberoende fåglar. Den största betydelsen har de för skogsspecialister där, men även genom en positiv effekt på abundansen av skogsgeneralister i närliggande trädgårdar. Dock kan framtida återväxt av skogar bli problematisk på grund av en pågående omvandling av skogar till trädgårdar, eftersom trädgårdar hyser färre fruktätande fåglar, vilket kan påverka fröspridning över landskapet.
Examining mismatches between management and the supply of ecosystem services in Ethiopian agroecosystems across scales in space and time
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15

Aksamit, Dawn N. "Exotic Invasive Plants on Private Woodlands of Virginia: Effects on forest composition, structure, and wildlife habitat." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/30975.

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Exotic invasive plants have become a significant issue in the Southeastern United States for private landowners. These plants possess characteristics that allow for rapid growth and easy adaptation to many growing conditions, often outcompeting native vegetation and altering wildlife habitat, especially in disturbed areas. Disturbance, including access roads, trails, harvest sites, powerline corridors, and fence rows, is common on private land. Private landowners are often left to combat these problems without many monetary or expertise resources that are available to federal lands. Three field sites, each in a different physiographic province in Virginia, were surveyed for exotic invasive populations and sampled with nested overstory, understory, and regeneration plots and wildlife point intercept transects using paired plots during the summers of 2006 and 2007. Species richness of the overstory and understory did differ, but native percent understory cover and sapling density remained unchanged. Tree density and forest basal area were reduced with presence of exotic invasive plants. Regeneration diversity and density decreased in areas of exotic plant invasion. Eastern cottontail habitat suitability increased with the presence of exotic invasive plants. Suitability of habitat for the gray squirrel, downy woodpecker food, black-capped chickadee reproduction, and eastern wild turkey cover declined with the occurrence of exotic invasive plants. Twenty three of thirty seven total invasive plots were within twenty feet of a disturbance area. Continual assessment of impacts will help provide a better understanding of the nature of exotic invasive plants to landowners and may help them to manage and prevent plant invasions.
Master of Science
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16

Astier, Alain. "Recherche expérimentale de noyaux exotiques en isospin et en spin à l'aide de guides d'ions et de multidétecteurs γ." Lyon 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LYO10067.

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Ce travail de these est relatif a l'etude de la structure nucleaire de noyaux exotiques en isospin et en spin par deux approches complementaires: radioactivite en ligne et reactions de fusion-evaporation. La premiere partie decrit la mise au point d'un guide d'ions couple au separateur en ligne aupres de l'accelerateur sara a grenoble. Ce dispositif permet l'etude de noyaux d'elements tres refractaires et de courtes durees de vie (jusqu'a 1 ms). La reaction #2#3#8u( 40 mev, f) produisant des radioisotopes tres riches en neutrons, toutes les chaines de a=96 a 122 ont ete etudiees par spectroscopie conventionnelle. Plus de 60 taux de production (de 10 a 1850 at/c#p#a#r#t) ont ete mesures, la frontiere des noyaux riches en neutrons connus atteinte, comme #1#1#7rh(440 ms) et plusieurs activites inconnues ont ete detectees dans les series isobariques a=113-118. Sept nouveaux isotopes ont ete decouverts en finlande avec un guide d'ions similaire et un faisceau de protons de 20 mev. La comparaison des rendements de la fission induite par et par protons montre la predominance de la fission symetrique autour de a=115 pour un faisceau d'. La seconde partie de ce travail est relative aux structures des etats de hauts spins observes dans la region de masse a=190 avec differents multidetecteurs , le chateau de cristal a strasbourg et tessa3 a daresbury. Le chateau de cristal a permis de connaitre les niveaux de #1#9#3pb jusqu'a pres de 5 mev d'energie d'excitation et plus de 20 h de moment angulaire. Avec tessa3 en grande-bretagne a ete observee dans #1#9#8pb la premiere bande collective rotationnelle dipolaire i=1 de la region a=190, interpretee avec une tete de bande a haut k de forme aplatie
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17

Salami, Bruna. "Dinâmica do componente arbóreo em um fragmento de Floresta Ombrófila Mista Montana em Lages, SC." Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, 2013. http://tede.udesc.br/handle/handle/1914.

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The present study aimed to evaluate the community dynamics of tree species in a fragment of Montane Araucaria Forest, in the municipality of Lages, SC, over a period of four years (2008-2012). For this, were ploted 50, 10x20m, permanent plots was performed the environmental characterization (terrain, soils and canopy cover), obtained the spatial coordinates, determined the regeneration guilds [Pioneer (P), Climax Light Demanding (CEL) and Climax Shade Tolerant (CTS)] and calculated dynamics rates (mortality, recruitment, loss and gain in basal area, turnover and net change in abundance and basal area) of all surveyed species (diameter at breast height ≥ 5cm). The existence of significant association between regeneration guilds and dynamic rates was verified by qui-square tests, applied to contingency tables. Changes in relative participation of regeneration guilds between years were analyzed using proportion tests. The spatial structuration of dynamics rates was evaluated through I Moran correlograms and the influence of environmental variables analyzed through regression trees. In 2008, 84 species were found (P: 9, CLD: 64 and CST: 11), with a density of 1.841 ind.ha-1 and basal area of 36.17 m².ha-1. In 2012, 83 species (P: 9, CLD: 63 and CST: 11), with a density of 1.882 ind.ha-1 and basal area of 39.17 m².ha-1 were observed. The dynamics rates did not demonstrated spatial autocorrelation. The gain and turnover in basal area rates were higher, respectively, in locations with lower values of canopy cover (<80.63%) and with higher values of sum of base in the soil (≥61.77%). No significant association between the dynamics patterns and regeneration guilds was observed. The relative participation of guilds stayed constant during the evaluated period, with a low floristic substitution. Thus, it is possible to conclude that, in general, the dynamics occurred randomly in the space, and the forest fragment is in the process of structural instability and floristic-successional stability
O presente estudo teve como principal objetivo avaliar a dinâmica da comunidade de espécies arbóreas, em um fragmento de Floresta Ombrófila Mista Montana, no Município de Lages, SC, ao longo de um período de quatro anos (2008-2012). Para isto, foram alocadas 50 parcelas permanentes, de 10x20m, onde foram realizadas a caracterização ambiental (relevo, solos e cobertura do dossel), obtidas as coordenadas espaciais, determinadas as guildas de regeneração [Pioneiras (P), Climácicas Exigentes em Luz (CEL) e Climácicas Tolerantes ao Sombreamento (CTS)] e calculadas as taxas de dinâmica (mortalidade, recrutamento, ganho e perda em área basal, rotatividade e mudança liquida em abundância e área basal) de todas as espécies amostradas (diâmetro na altura do peito ≥ 5cm). A existência de associação significativa entre guildas de regeneração e padrões de dinâmica foi verificada por meio de testes de qui-quadrado, aplicados a tabelas de contingência. Mudanças das participações relativas das guildas de regeneração entre os anos foram analisadas por meio de testes de proporção. A estruturação espacial das taxas de dinâmica foi avaliada por meio de correlogramas de I de Moran e a influência dos fatores ambientais verificada através de árvores de regressão. No ano 2008 foram verificadas 84 espécies (P: 9, CEL: 64 e CTS: 11), possuindo uma densidade de 1.841 ind.ha-1 e área basal de 36,17m2.ha-1. No ano de 2012, verificou-se 83 espécies (P: 9, CEL: 63 e CTS: 11), com densidade de 1.882 ind.ha-1 e área basal de 39,17m2.ha-1. As taxas de dinâmica não apresentaram autocorrelação espacial. As taxas de ganho e rotatividade em área basal foram maiores, respectivamente, nos locais com menores valores de cobertura do dossel (<80,63%) e com maiores valores de soma de base no solo (≥61,77%). Não foi verificada associação significativa entre os padrões de dinâmica observados e guildas de regeneração. A participação relativa das guildas permaneceu constante durante o período avaliado, com uma baixa substituição florística. Desta forma, conclui-se que, de modo geral, a dinâmica ocorreu de forma espacialmente aleatória e o fragmento florestal encontra-se em fase de instabilidade estrutural e estabilidade florística-sucessional
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18

DELPRETTI, FRANCK. "Mise en place de la structure sanitaire d'un projet agro-industriel en guinee forestiere." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989CLF13063.

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19

Davis, Sarah Lee 1945. "The development of travel guide specifications to increase the awareness of landscape architecture and natural resource management." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/278402.

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The problem addressed is the public's lack of awareness of the contributions of landscape architects and other natural resource professionals to the practices of land stewardship. One solution is a travel guide to be developed using marketing and interpretive principles. The research question is: what should be the content of the travel guide such that it would increase public awareness about landscape architecture and related natural resource professions and their role in land stewardship? The scope included research for planning the guide: it excluded collection of specific project information. A questionnaire was administered to landscape architects at two professional meetings. The major findings include which topics best explain the profession, and the types of projects that should be selected. These findings are valuable to natural resource professional societies and to publishing industry marketers, and for use in pursuing grant funding to continue the guide's development.
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20

Osei-Amaning, E. "Management of Vitellaria paradoxa in Guinea savanna rangelands in Ghana." Thesis, Bangor University, 1996. https://research.bangor.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/management-of-vitellaria-paradoxa-in-guinea-savanna-rangelands-in-ghana(8ebb01bb-84ff-4365-9f49-1a881953db43).html.

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From 1993-1994, a study of Vitellaria paradoxa was carried out. This study involved an in-depth review of biological and ecological information on Vitellatia throughout its range. Stand studies and an analysis of the climate in relation to fire risk. There were also experimental investigations of germination and pollination. All field studies were at the site of the Cocoa Research Institute outstation at Bole. Stand characteristics of Vitellaria (>10 cm dbh) at the 68 kM2 plot of the Cocoa Research Institute's Sheanut Research Station, Bole were examined in two strata distinguished on the basis of distance from the nearest village: >3.0 km and <3.0 km. Regeneration (<10 cm dbh) was assessed and recorded for height, root collar diameter and mode of regeneration. Analysis of variance indicated higher stocking of individuals > 10 cm dbh further from villages but significantly more Vitellaria trees >10 m tall close to villages. Suckers accounted for > 86% of regenerating individuals, and more than 90% of regenerating plants were < 50 cm high. Analysis of climatic data indicated a mean drought index (1990-1994) of 514 ± 61 points. However, the fire danger index never reached an extreme value. The germination response of depulped, cracked and intact seeds of Vitellaria sown under- and outside the canopy of mature Vitellatia trees (> 30 cm dbh), showed a significant association between germination and seed treatment: a higher proportion of depulped than intact seeds germinated. Open pollinated flowers, gave significantly lower fruit set than hand-pollinated flowers. There was no difference, however, in the amount of fruit set achieved with pollen from sources 50 m, 500 m and 1000 m away or from flowers of two different style lengths. It is concluded that fires are adversely affecting the population structure and natural regeneration of stands at Bole, and that low fruit set in Vitellaria is due at least in part, to low vector activity. Suggestions are made for future research on the species.
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Cardona, Miguel Angel Quimbayo. "Efeitos do manejo florestal na estrutura da avifauna na floresta Amazônica de Paragominas (Pará)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11150/tde-11032013-165828/.

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O Pará é o estado Amazônico mais visado pela atividade madeireira. Possui a maior gama de serrarias da Amazônia, e produze mais de 50% da madeira em tora do Brasil. A zona Leste do Estado é a responsável por 45% da produção de madeira em tora. Nessa zona se localiza o município de Paragominas, onde o 56% da população urbana depende diretamente da indústria madeireira para sua subsistência. Esta região faz parte da chamada área de endemismo Belém, cuja perda de floresta nativa é de 67,48% devido ao desmatamento. Historicamente as explorações madeireiras foram desenvolvidas com técnicas convencionais, que produzem danos tanto na floresta quanto no solo, e com impactos diretos sobre a fauna que depende da floresta. Na última década estabeleceram-se uma série de diretrizes técnicas para promover o manejo florestal em florestas de terra firme da Amazônia Brasileira, recomendadas pelo Conselho de Manejo Florestal (FSC) para todas as operações de exploração em florestas nativas. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar os efeitos do manejo florestal, incluída a exploração de impacto reduzido, em áreas exploradas em diferentes temporadas (1997, 2000, 2003, 2006 e 2009) e uma área não explorada sob a comunidade de aves, comparando a riqueza, abundância de espécies e de grupos funcionais e outros grupos ecológicos vulneráveis a distúrbios naturais e antrópicos. As aves foram usadas neste estudo devido à sua importância nos processos ecológicos da floresta como polinização, e dispersão e predação de sementes. As amostragens de campo foram feitas na temporada de seca (outubro de 2010) e chuva (abril de 2011) mediante observação direta por pontos fixos em seis transectos de 1 km de distância, com pontos marcados a cada 200 m, e distância de 150 m entre transectos, para um total de 36 pontos por área de manejo florestal. A análise das informações coletadas em campo mostra que: a) registraram-se 235 espécies entre as áreas de manejo florestal; b) existem diferenças significativas de riqueza de espécies entre a as áreas de manejo florestal e entre as temporadas de amostragem; c) a área de manejo florestal com maior riqueza de espécies e abundância de grupos funcionais foi a área explorada em 2000, contraste evidenciado com a área não explorada que teve a menor riqueza e abundâncias de grupos funcionais; d) As espécies do interior da floresta, espécies que requerem de cavidades de árvores para ninho e os grupos funcionais insetívoros (seguidores de formigas), insetívoros de sub-bosque e nectarívoros-insetívoros de sub-bosque foram os grupos cológicos mais afetados pelo manejo florestal, especialmente na área não explorada que teve atividades de pré-exploração e a área explorada em 2003 que foi afetada por distúrbios naturais antes da amostragem de campo; e) os grupos que se viram afetados pelas atividades de manejo florestal podem e devem ser usados como indicadores em programas de monitoramento durante as etapas de manejo florestal, principalmente as etapas de pré-exploração, exploração e pós-exploração, na área de manejo florestal Rio Capim.
Para is the most important state from the Amazon region in wood activities. It has the greatest sawmill of the region and produce more than 50% of the Brazilian wood. The Easte zone of the State is responsible of the 45% of wood production. In this zone is located Paragominas, a town where 56% of the urban human population depends directly on the wood industries to survive. This town is into the endemism area called Belem, whose forest loss is almost 67,48%. Historically wood explorations were made with conventional techniques that produced damages in the forest structure and into the soil, and have direct impacts on the forest fauna. In the last ten years they were established some technique guidelines to promove forest management in terra firme forests of the Brazilian Amazon, recommended by the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) to all the exploration activities in native forests. The principal aim of this study was to assess the effects of forest management, including reduced impact logging, in areas that were logged in different seasons (1997, 2000, 2003, 2006 and 2009) and an unlogged area, on the community of birds, comparing richness, species and guilds abundance, and other ecological groups that are vulneravel to the natural and antropic disturbances. Birds were used because of its importance in forest ecological process like pollination, and seed dispersion and predation. Fieldwork was made in dry season (October 2010) and rain season (abril 2011) by direct observations in pointcounts into 1 km transects; six transects were sampled with pointcounts at each 200 m with a total of 36 pointcounts per area. Information analysis demonstrate that: a) were registered 235 species into the all six forest management areas; b) there were significative differences in species richness between forest management areas and sampled seasons; c) species richness and guild abundances had their major value in the area logged in 2000, contrasting with the unlogged area that had lower values in this items; d) species of the forest interior, cavity nesters, and understorey ant follower insectivores, insectivores and nectarivores were the most affected ecological groups by the forest management, specially in the unlogged area that had pre-logged activities and the area logged in 2003 that was affected by natural disturbances before fieldwork; e) Ecological groups named above that were the most affected by the forest management could and should be used as indicators in monitoring programs during the forest management steps, principally pre-logging, logging and pós-loggingin the Rio Capim Forest Management Area.
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22

Voloshenko, Vadym. "Commander's (executive officer's) guide for detecting and deterring procurement frauds in military unit (organization) of Armed Forces of Ukraine." Monterey, Calif. : Naval Postgraduate School, 2009. http://edocs.nps.edu/npspubs/scholarly/MBAPR/2009/Jun/09Jun%5FVoloshenko%5FMBA.pdf.

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"Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Business Administration from the Naval Postgraduate School, June 2009."
Advisor(s): Rendon, Juanita M. ; Suchan, Jim. "June 2009." "MBA professional report"--Cover. Description based on title screen as viewed on July 14, 2009. Author(s) subject terms: Internal Control, Fraud Management, Ukraine. Includes bibliographical references (p. 115-118). Also available in print.
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23

Harvey, Sarah Lynn. "Recovery measures for the state endangered American marten an internship with two Wisconsin natural resource agencies /." Oxford, Ohio : Miami University, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=miami1103153464.

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24

Kamboyi, Chipango. "COMPARING THE COMPOSITION OF SAPROXYLIC BEETLE FAUNA ON OLD HOLLOW OAKS BETWEEN TWO TIME PERIODS." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Biologi, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-162441.

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Oak habitats are rich in saproxylic species, but the habitat is declining with loss of diversity due to encroachment which decrease the vitality of oaks. The present explorative study compared results from a study conducted in 1994, with present species communities to observe if there has been change in species composition and what factors that can explain species diversity and composition. The results revealed that the overall species composition between 1994 and 2018 has changed. There were 130 species recorded in 2018 compared to 108 species in 1994 (31 new species were recorded in 2018, and 9 species lost from the study in 1994). There was a high species turnover recorded per individual tree, and the species composition between the living and encountered dead trees did not differ. Species composition was affected by canopy cover, and trunk circumference (CCA P-value 0.001 and 0.014 respectively). Unlike 1994, there were no variables in 2018 that could explain the association with species numbers. Warmer conditions recorded during the sampling period have probably led to increased flight activity of beetles and therefore increasing chances of capturing more species and individuals. The warmer conditions possibly shadowed the effects of the explanatory variables in explaining the changes in species numbers. Perhaps the change in species composition could also be attributed to existing management interventions that may be supporting an increasing species number of saproxylic beetles, however no strong conclusions could be drawn. Management interventions such as the recruitment of new oaks should be encouraged and intensified in order to provide habitats and support stable populations as the loss of oaks may lead to increased risk of extinction of the saproxylic beetles in the study area.
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25

Mitiku, Addisu Asefa. "Afromontane avian assemblages and land use in the Bale Mountains of Ethiopia : patterns, processes and conservation implications." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/79782.

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Although protected areas have been used as principal conservation tools, most of them are suffering from human-induced threats. Consequently, a good understanding of such human-driven threats on biodiversity and identifying early warning systems for habitat change in protected areas is necessary for effective conservation of natural resources. To examine the impact of human disturbance on avifaunal assemblages and to assess the potential application of birds as bioindicators of forest health monitoring in the Afromontane forest of the Bale Mountains of Ethiopia, I recorded birds and habitat variables in three protected and three unprotected forests using a point transect method in 2009 and 2012. The two land use types differ in disturbance levels (higher in the unprotected areas), vegetation structure and bird assemblages. Species richness of entire bird guild, open woodland and open land habitat guilds, granivore and insectivore feeding guilds, and shrub layer and ground layer foraging substrate guilds of birds were significantly higher in the unprotected areas than the protected areas. Abundances of guilds of birds mostly followed a similar trend with species richness. However, densities of overall and forest-specialist bird guilds were higher in the protected area and vice versa for the other guilds. In general, the protected area assemblages were dominated by forest-specialist species, while those of the unprotected areas were dominated by openland and shrubland species. The implication is that disturbance had caused encroachment of non-native species (openland, open woodland and shrub land species) while negatively affecting native species (forest species, particularly tree canopy foragers). These assemblage differences are linked to changes in vegetation structure caused by disturbance. Thus, further forest degradation in the protected area should be avoided in order to maintain native/forest-specialist species. Given the differences in bird assemblages between the two land use types, there is a high likelihood that bioindicator species (i.e. indicator species - those 'characteristic' of a particular habitat - and detector species - those occurring in the different habitats considered but with moderate indication value) can be identified, therefore providing a useful tool to monitor ecosystem health of the forests. Four and nine species were identified as appropriate indicator species (i.e. species with indicator values > 60% and fulfilling biological and niche history criteria used in selection) in the protected and unprotected areas, respectively. In addition, nine species were identified as detectors of habitat change in the protected areas. These bioindicators provide a useful tool for managers of Afromontane forest in the Bale Mountains, as well as similar habitats elsewhere, for long term monitoring of ecosystem health of the forests.
Dissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2013.
DST/NRF Centre of Excellence
Zoology and Entomology
MSc
Unrestricted
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26

Franz, Anja. "Efficacité clinique d’une approche guidée par la direction préférentielle chez des membres des Forces armées canadiennes souffrant d’une lombalgie." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/10148.

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La lombalgie compte parmi les causes principales d’incapacité chez des membres des Forces armées canadiennes (FAC). Une prise en charge efficace de cette condition est donc primordiale afin de maintenir des forces opérationnelles. Les études randomisées contrôlées réalisées auprès de la population générale suggèrent que la direction préférentielle (DP) est efficace pour guider la prise en charge de la lombalgie. Toutefois, aucune étude n’a investigué l’efficacité d’une telle approche en contexte réel ou auprès de la population militaire. L’objectif de ce mémoire était d’évaluer, dans le contexte réel de la pratique clinique, l’efficacité d’une prise en charge guidée par la DP parmi des membres des FAC souffrant de lombalgie. Pour ce faire, une étude observationnelle de cohorte incluant 44 membres consentant des FAC a été réalisée. Les patients du groupe exposé (n=22) ont reçu des interventions guidées par la DP. Les patients du groupe non-exposé (n=22) ont reçu les soins usuels, soit des interventions déterminées par leur physiothérapeute, mais pas d’approche guidée par la DP. Les données ont été colligées et comparées entre les deux groupes au début de l’étude, à 1 mois, et à 3 mois grâce à un questionnaire autoadministré concernant la douleur (intensité, localisation, fréquence), l’incapacité perçue, la consommation de médicaments, et l’effet global perçu (douleur, fonctionnement et état général). La perte de productivité et l’utilisation de soins de santé ont été mesurées à 3 mois grâce au dossier médical électronique. Des différences statistiquement significatives en faveur du groupe exposé à une prise en charge guidée par la DP ont été observées pour l’intensité de la douleur (Δ à 1 mois : 1,9/10; Δ à 3 mois : 1,3/10), l’incapacité perçue (Δ 1 mois : 4,3/24; Δ 3 mois : 3,5/24), l’amélioration de l’effet global perçu à 1 mois (douleur : 86,4 % vs 57,1 %; fonctionnement : 81,8 % vs 47,6 %; état général : 86,4 % vs 57,1 %) et à 3 mois (douleur : 95,5 % vs 71,1 %; état général : 95,5 % vs 66,7 %), et l’amélioration du statut au travail à 3 mois (54,5 % vs 23,8 %). Malgré les limites de notre étude, nos résultats suggèrent qu’en conditions réelles de pratique, la prise en charge guidée par la DP est plus efficace que les soins usuels pour réduire la douleur et l’incapacité chez les membres des FAC souffrant de lombalgie.
Abstract : Low back pain (LBP) is a leading cause for disability in Canadian Armed Forces (CAF) members. Efficacious and cost-effective management for LBP is thus essential to maintaining operational capabilities. In randomized controlled trials among the general population, directional preference (DP) was shown useful to guide treatment of LBP, but no studies have investigated this in real-life settings or in military personnel. The purpose of this study was to evaluate, in real-life clinical practice, the effectiveness of DP to guide management of LBP in CAF members when compared to usual care. To that purpose, we conducted a cohort study including 44 consenting CAF members with LBP. Patients in the exposed group (n=22) were assessed for DP and received matching interventions. Patients in the non-exposed group (n=22) received interventions as determined by their treating physiotherapist, excluding any DP-guided treatments. Data were collected and compared between groups at baseline, at 1-month and at 3-month follow-up using self-administered questionnaires regarding pain (intensity, location, frequency), perceived disability, medication, and perceived global effect (pain, function, overall status). Work loss and health care utilization were measured at 3 months using electronic health records. Statistically significant differences, favoring the exposed group, were observed for pain intensity (Δ at 1 month: 1.9/10; CI 95%; 0.97 – 2.89; Δ at 3 months: 1.3/10; CI 95%: 0.35 – 2.31), disability (Δ at 1 month: 4.3/24; CI 95%: 2.12 – 6.38; Δ at 3 months: 3.5/24; CI 95%; 1.59 – 5.33), perceived global effect at 1 month (pain: 86.4% vs 57.1%; function: 81.8% vs 47.6%; overall status: 86.4% vs 57.1%) and at 3 months (pain: 95.5% vs 71.1%; overall status: 95.5% vs 66.7%) with p-values <.05, and improvement in work status (3 months: 54.5% vs 23.8%). Our data suggest that DP-guided management is more effective than usual care physiotherapy to reduce pain and improve function in CAF members with LBP. Our findings are useful to inform clinicians and policy makers to improve management strategies for CAF members.
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27

Mansi, Tommaso. "Modèles physiologiques et statistiques du cœur guidés par imagerie médicale : application à la tétralogie de Fallot." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00530956.

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Les travaux de cette thèse sont consacrés à la quantification de cardiopathies, la prédiction de leur évolution et la planification de thérapies, avec pour application principale la tétralogie de Fallot, une malformation congénitale grave du cœur. L'idée sous-jacente est d'utiliser des modèles informatiques sophistiqués combinant traitement d'images, statistique et physiologie, pour assister la gestion clinique de ces patients. Dans un premier temps, nous proposons une nouvelle méthode de recalage d'images plus précise pour estimer la déformation cardiaque à partir d'images médi- cales anatomiques, où seulement le mouvement apparent du cœur est visible. L'algorithme proposé s'appuie sur la méthode dite des démons, que l'on contraint de manière rigoureuse à être élastique et incompressible grâce à une nouvelle justification de l'étape de régularisation de l'algorithme. Les expériences réalisées sur des images synthétiques et réelles ont démontré que l'ajout de ces contraintes améliore de manière significative la précision des déformations estimées. Nous étudions ensuite la croissance du cœur par une approche statistique basée sur les "courants". Une analyse en composantes principales permet d'identifier des altérations morphologiques dues à la pathologie. L'utilisation conjointe de la méthode PLS (moindres carrés partiels) et de l'analyse des corrélations canoniques permet de créer un modèle statistique moyen de croissance du cœur. L'analyse du ventricule droit de 32 patients avec tétralogie de Fallot a révélé une dilatation du ventricule, une déformation de sa base et un élargissement de son apex, caractéristiques que l'on retrouve dans la littérature clinique. Le modèle de croissance montre qu'elles apparaissent progressivement au fil du temps. Enfin, nous adaptons un modèle électromécanique du cœur pour simuler la fonction cardiaque chez des patients et tester diverses stratégies de pose de valves pulmonaires. Le modèle électromécanique simule les caractéristiques principales de la fonction cardiaque. Une fois personnalisé, le modèle est utilisé pour prédire les effets postopératoires de la pose de valves chez le patient. Le modèle a été ainsi capable de reproduire, de manière qualitative, la fonction cardiaque de deux patients. Comme attendu, la fonction simulée du ventricule droit est améliorée après pose de valves, ainsi que celle du ventricule gauche, suggérant une relation étroite entre les deux ventricules du cœur. Les méthodes de traitement d'images médicales, d'analyses statistiques et de modèles de la physiologie du cœur forment un cadre puissant pour le développe- ment d'une médecine plus personnalisée et assistée par ordinateur.
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Prado, Vanessa Alves do [UNESP]. "Ações do programa paulista Ler e Escrever sob os sentidos bakhtinianos de forças centrípetas e centrífugas." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/151401.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Esta tese apresenta resultados da pesquisa que teve como objetivo compreender, pelos sentidos bakhtinianos de forças centrípetas e centrífugas, os discursos que permeiam a ação de formação de professores e a ação dos guias didáticos do programa paulista Ler e Escrever. As forças constituem os discursos dos formadores e dos professores atuantes nos anos iniciais do ensino fundamental, ciclo I, e explicam o movimento de adesão e de resistência desses sujeitos à imposição da implantação do Ler e Escrever como uma política educacional. A pesquisa de natureza etnográfica ancorou-se nos princípios da filosofia da linguagem, pensada por Bakhtin e Volochínov, e discutida por Medviédev e por autores contemporâneos estudiosos das obras do Círculo (de Bakhtin), e teve como participantes dez professores do ensino fundamental, ciclo I, de uma escola estadual do interior paulista, e três formadoras de uma diretoria de ensino. Algumas reuniões de formação na escola pesquisada, em momentos de Aulas de Trabalho Pedagógico Coletivo, foram observadas e gravadas em áudio e vídeo. Foram feitas também entrevistas com todas as professoras da escola que aceitaram a participar da pesquisa, com a professora coordenadora e com as professoras coordenadoras do Núcleo Pedagógico da diretoria de ensino. Além das observações e das entrevistas, constituíram a pesquisa: a) pautas das reuniões de formações na escola observada e b) guias de planejamento e orientações didáticas Ler e Escrever. Considerando o princípio da relação dialógica, a partir da premissa da alteridade, os enunciados foram compreendidos à luz da filosofia da linguagem. Foi possível compreender, a partir da resposta de professores e de formadores na implantação das ações em destaque do programa, que a força centrípeta, que quer dominar, e a força centrífuga, libertária, de sentidos contraditórios, dialogizam o próprio programa. Apesar da formação continuada de professores pelo programa e os guias didáticos Ler e Escrever demonstrarem ser uma ação anti-dialógica pela represália ao plurilinguismo e pela imposição e controle de uma linguagem única que desconsidera o professor como sujeito falante responsavelmente participante no mundo, o professor luta pela inalienabilidade da palavra, arrisca, rompe e se indigna, pela voz, pelo corpo e pelas atitudes, contra a força opressora e autoritária que quer apagar sua voz e paralisar seu ato.
This thesis presents results of the research that aimed to understand, through Bakhtinian senses of centripetal and centrifugal forces, the discourses that permeate teacher’s formation and the action of teaching guides of São Paulo’s state program Ler e Escrever (Read and Write). The forces constitute the discourses of trainers and teachers acting in the first years of elementary school, cycle I, and explain the movement of adhesion and resistance of these subjects to the implementation’s imposition of Ler e Escrever as an educational policy. The ethnographic nature research was anchored in the principles of language’s philosophy, thought by Bakhtin and Volochínov, and discussed by Medvedev and contemporaneous authors scholars of the Circle’s works (Bakhtin), having as participants ten elementary school teachers, cycle I, from a state school located in São Paulo’s countryside, and three trainers from an educational board of directors. Some formation meetings at the researched school, during Collective Pedagogical Work Classes, were observed and recorded in audio and video. Interviews were also conducted with all the teachers of the school who agreed to participate in the research, with the coordinator teacher and coordinators teachers of the Pedagogical Center of the educational board of directors. In addition to the observations and interviews, the research consisted of: a) guidelines of the training meetings in the observed school and b) planning guides and Ler e Escrever didactic guidelines. Considering the principle of the dialogical relationship, from the premise of otherness, the statements were understood by the light of language’s philosophy. Through the answer of teachers and trainers during the implementation of the actions highlighted in the program, it was possible to understand that the centripetal force, which wants to dominate, and the centrifugal force, libertarian, of contradictory directions, dialogue in the own program. In spite of the continued formation of teachers by the program and the Ler e Escrever didactic guides demonstrate to be an anti-dialogic action by the reprisal to the multilingualism and by the imposition and control of a unique language that disregards the teacher as a speaking subject responsibly participant in the world, the teacher fights for the inalienability of the word, risks, bursts out and outrages, through voice, body and by attitudes, against the oppressive and authoritarian force that wants to erase his voice and paralyze his act.
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Soumah, Fodé Salifou. "Les forêts sacrées de Guinée : intégration de l'écologie pour la conservation d'un patrimoine national." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOU30272/document.

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Il est clairement établi que les forêts à caractère sacré ne sont pas que des créations socioculturelles émanant de sociétés traditionnelles comme cadre privilégié d'accomplissement de diverses cérémonies rituelles, mais représentent aussi des formes locales de conservation de la biodiversité. C'est ce dernier rôle qui attire toute l'attention des institutions internationales, des états et des scientifiques. Bien que de telles forêts aient été largement étudiées en Asie et dans d'autres parties de l'Afrique, notre compréhension des forêts sacrées de la Guinée reste pauvre. En effet, ces forêts sont placées, en raison de leur statut sacré, sous l'entière responsabilité des communautés locales et non l'état. Dans ce travail de thèse, quatre cas représentatifs ont été retenus en Haute Guinée, dans les localités proches de Kankan. C'est l'une des régions dont les écosystèmes sont les plus anthropisés par l'agriculture et les activités minières. Les villages de Diankana, Tintioulenkoro et Dossori font partie des rares où des forêts à caractère sacré sont encore maintenues. L'objectif de cette thèse est de diagnostiquer les valeurs socioculturelles et écologiques de ces forêts, dans un contexte local fort d'anthropisation, en vue de leur documentation et de l'élaboration des stratégies d'une gestion durable. Plusieurs approches méthodologiques ont été utilisées : enquêtes sociologiques et ethnobiologiques, inventaires écologiques et botaniques. L'étude révèle un mode de gestion des forêts sacrées qui connaît une évolution chez les Malinkés, reposant à la fois sur des ''codes mythiques'' et des lois définies par la législation traditionnelle. La rigueur dans la gestion et le rôle des forêts pour les populations sont des atouts. Toutefois, les mutations sociales relativement récentes, l'agriculture et l'urbanisation fragilisent le système et pénalisent la conservation. L'analyse diachronique démontre qu'au cours de ces trois dernières décennies, le couvert forestier de l'ensemble des sites sacrés étudiés a connu un recul moyen d'environ 40 % de leur superficie initiale par l'agriculture et l'urbanisation. [...]
It has been widely reported that sacred forests are not just socio-cultural creations emanating from traditional societies as a privileged setting for ritual ceremonies, but that they also represent important local forms of biodiversity conservation. In recent decades, it is this latter role that has attracted the attention of international institutions, states and scientists. Although such forests have been widely studied in Asia and other parts of Africa, our understanding of Guinea's sacred forests remains poor because local communities, not the state, manage them. In effect, because of the sacred status of these forests, the state favours local management strategies by individual communities. In this thesis, four representative case studies of the sacred forests of Upper Guinea, located near Kankan, are studied. The region's ecosystems have been profoundly affected by human impacts, notably agriculture and mining. The villages of Diankana, Tintioulenkoro and Dossori, where these forests are amongst the few areas to conserve sacred forests. The aim of this thesis is to probe the socio-cultural and ecological values of the forests, in a local context of strong human pressures, with a view to their documentation and the elaboration of sustainable management strategies. Several methodological approaches have been used: sociological and ethno biological surveys, ecological and botanical inventories. The study elucidates a mode of management of these sacred forests by an ethnic group, the Malinkés, which is based on both "mythical codes" and laws defined by traditional legislation. The rigor of this management system, and the socio-cultural importance of these forests for local populations, favours their conservation in the wider context of profound human pressures on the environment. However, social changes in recent years appear, agriculture and urbanisation to have weakened this management system and exposed the area's sacred forests to factors that preclude their effective conservation. The diachronic analysis shows that over the last three decades, the forest cover of all sacred sites studied has decreased by just over 40% of their initial area by agriculture and urbanization. [...]
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Faquinha, Raquel Marques. "A divulgação de sustentabilidade empresarial e a visibilidade nos media : evidência empírica do setor do turismo." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/19955.

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Mestrado em Contabilidade, Fiscalidade e Finanças Empresariais
O presente estudo tem como objetivo estudar, pela primeira vez, a relação existente entre o investimento em divulgação de sustentabilidade e o investimento em visibilidade nos media, bem como o impacto relativo de cada um destes investimentos na qualidade e na popularidade percebidas pelas organizações do setor do turismo. Assim, foram identificadas organizações presentes na Base de Dados de Divulgação de Sustentabilidade (BDDS) da Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) com atividade no setor do turismo, bem como organizações com propriedades hoteleiras classificadas como 2019 Star Awards Winners (2019SAW) pela Forbes Travel Guide (FTG), e presentes numa das vinte cidades mais visitadas no mundo em 2018. Como principais conclusões, destaca-se a confirmação da existência de uma relação concorrencial entre o investimento em divulgação de sustentabilidade e o investimento em visibilidade nos media. Os resultados mostram que as organizações optam pelo primeiro esperando uma melhoria no segundo. Inversamente, dada a escolha pelo investimento em visibilidade nos media, as organizações não sentem a necessidade de investir em divulgação de sustentabilidade. Para empresas com um nível de qualidade percebida superior, o investimento em divulgação de sustentabilidade não é uma condição causal. No que toca às empresas com um nível de popularidade percebida superior, estas continuam, na sua maioria, a resultar de um investimento em visibilidade nos media, excetuando na presença da combinação de investimento em divulgação de sustentabilidade feito por empresas cotadas.
The purpose of this investigation is to analyze, for the first time, the relationship between corporate sustainability disclosure and media visibility, as well as the relative impact of each of these investments on the quality and popularity perceived in the tourism sector. Thus, were identified organizations in the Sustainability Disclosure Database from the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI), active in the tourism sector, as well as organizations with hotel properties rated as 2019 Star Awards Winners (2019SAW) by Forbes Travel Guide (FTG), settled in one of the twenty most visited cities in the world in 2018. The results show that organizations choose sustainability disclosure expecting an improvement in their media visibility. When they choose to invest in media visibility, organizations don't feel the strategic need to invest in sustainability disclosure. For companies with a higher perceived quality level, investing in sustainability disclosure isn't a causal condition. For companies with a higher perceived popularity, the majority continues to result of an investment in media visibility, except in the presence of a combination of sustainability disclosure investment by listed companies.
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
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31

Harvey, Sarah L. "Recovery Measures for the State Endangered American Marten: An Internship with Two Wisconsin Natural Resource Agencies." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1105225283.

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32

Hadjerci, Oussama. "Détection automatique du nerf dans les images échographiques." Thesis, Orléans, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ORLE2006/document.

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L’anesthésie loco-régionale présente une alternative intéressante à l’anesthésie générale dans de nombreuses interventions chirurgicales. L’atout majeur de cette technique est qu’elle réduit grandement les scores de douleurs et améliore par la même la mobilité post-opératoire. L’anesthésie locorégionale écho-guidée (UGRA) devient aujourd’hui, la méthode de référence dans le domaine de l’anesthésie, offrant de nombreux avantages par rapport aux autres méthodes comme la neurostimulation. Cependant, cette technique nécessite en contrepartie un apprentissage spécifique afin d’éviter des complications sévères liées à une erreur de localisation visuelle du nerf dans les images échographiques. L’objectif de cette thèse est de faciliter et de sécuriser la pratique de l’anesthésie loco-régionale écho-guidée. Dans un premier temps, nous avons proposé une méthode de détection du nerf mettant en oeuvre un algorithme qui suite à un prétraitement à partir de filtres fréquentielles, réalise une analyse de texture par apprentissage. Dans ce cadre, deux nouvelles approches ont été explorées : l’une concerne la caractérisation du nerf qui s’appuie sur la prise en compte du bruit présent dans une image ultrasonore, bruit ayant été au préalable atténué partiellement. L’autre propose une technique de sélection des caractéristiques mettant en avant celles qui sont les moins redondantes et les plus pertinentes. Dans un second temps, après étude fine du comportement variable de la morphologie du nerf tout au long d’une séquence d’images ultrasonores, nous avons développé un modèle dynamique ayant comme paramètres des informations en lien avec la cohérence temporelle de la position, de la forme et la confiance de classification des ROI potentielles afin de générer une segmentation robuste. Il est proposé également dans cette partie, un nouveau modèle de forme prenant en compte un ensemble d’intervalles de points de repères du contour, permettant ainsi de s’adapter aux variations de la forme du nerf dans le temps
Regional anesthesia presents an interesting alternative or complementary act to general anesthesia in many surgical procedures. It reduces pain scores, improves postoperative mobility and facilitates earlier hospital discharge. Ultrasound-Guided Regional Anesthesia (UGRA) has been gaining importance in the last few years, offering numerous advantages over alternative methods of nerve localization (neurostimulation or paraesthesia). However, nerve detection is one of the most difficult tasks that anesthetists can encounter in the UGRA procedure. The context of the present work is to provide practitioners with a method to facilitate and secure the practice of UGRA. However, automatic detection and segmentation in ultrasound images is still a challenging problem in many medical applications. This work addresses two main issues. The first one, we propose an algorithm for nerve detection and segmentation in ultrasound images, this method is composed of a pre-processing, texture analysis and machine learning steps. In this part of work, we explore two new approaches ; one to characterize the nerve and the second for selecting the minimum redundant and maximum relevant features. The second one, we studied the nerve detection in consecutive ultrasound frames. We have demonstrated that the development of an algorithm based on the temporal coherence of the position, the shape and the confidence measure of the classification, allows to generate a robust segmentation. In this work, we also propose a new model of shape based on a set of intervals landmarks able to adapt to the nerve shape under a morphological variations
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33

Mendes, Raone Beltrão. "Caracterização da estrutura de hábitat ao longo de um gradiente ambiental e análise de sua influência na distribuição das espécies ameaçadas de guigós (Callicebus spp.) do Nordeste brasileiro." Universidade Federal de Sergipe, 2010. https://ri.ufs.br/handle/riufs/4408.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
Callicebus is one of the most widespread and diverse genera of Neotropical primates (Infraorder Platyrrhini). Two species in the Northeast of Brazil are threatened with extinction, due primarily to habitat loss and fragmentation. Conservation of these species is hampered by the lack of reliable information on their geographic distributions, and the condition of the ecosystems they inhabit. In order to understand the present-day distribution of the most endangered species (Callicebus barbarabrownae and Callicebus coimbrai), it is necessary to identify the determining factors, both biotic (e.g. intra- and interspecific interactions, population dynamics, resource availability) and abiotic (e.g. humidity, temperature, habitat structure). The objective of the present study was to comprehend the factors that influence the geographic distribution of C. barbarabrownae and C. coimbrai in the study area, through the evaluation of biotic (tree species) and abiotic (habitat structure) variables, in addition to the spatial distribution of the fragments. A total of 70 habitat fragments were surveyed in the lower Rio São Francisco basin in Sergipe, ranging from the coastal Atlantic Forest to the arboreal Caatinga. Callicebus was present at 16 sites, 13 of which were new localities for the genus. The habitat structure of nine fragments (Callicebus present or absent) was evaluated using a grouping analysis of biotic, abiotic and combined biotic/abiotic variables, revealing a distinct grouping among fragments from the Caatinga (94%, 56% and 73% similarity, respectively) and the Atlantic Forest (92%, 14% and 50% similarity, respectively). The fragments representing the Agreste (ecotone) grouped either with those of the Atlantic Forest or the Caatinga, reflecting the intermediate character of this system. The analysis of the spatial structure of the distribution of Callicebus revealed a positive correlation among the fragments representing the Atlantic Forest (Moran s I = 0.702 to 0.961) and Caatinga (I = -1.043 to -0.872), and a negative correlation between these two groups, with a clear lacuna of approximately 70 km in the distribution of the genus, coinciding with the Agreste. This reinforces the idea that the species C. barbarabrownae and C. coimbrai are distinct and endemic to the Caatinga and Atlantic Forest, respectively. These findings reinforce the need for the development of distinct conservation and management strategies for the different populations of these species, given that they face quite distinct ecological conditions in the wild.
Callicebus é um dos gêneros mais diversos e complexos dentre os primatas Neotropicais (Infraordem Platyrrhini). Duas espécies do Nordeste do Brasil estão ameaçadas de extinção, principalmente por conta da redução e fragmentação de hábitat. A Conservação dessas espécies é dificultada pela falta de informação confiável sobre suas distribuições geográficas, e sobre a condição dos ecossistemas em que habitam. Para entender a atual distribuição das espécies mais ameaçadas (Callicebus barbarabrownae e Callicebus coimbrai) é preciso identificar os fatores determinantes, tanto bióticos (p. ex. interações intra e interespecífica, dinâmica populacional, disponibilidade de recurso) quanto abióticos (p. ex. umidade, temperatura, estrutura de hábitat). O objetivo deste estudo foi compreender quais fatores influenciam na distribuição geográfica de C. barbarabrownae e C. coimbrai na área de estudo, avaliando variáveis bióticas (espécies arbóreas) e abióticas (estrutura de hábitat), condicionados à disposição espacial dos fragmentos. Vistoriou-se 70 fragmentos na bacia do baixo Rio São Francisco sergipano, desde a Mata Atlântica à Caatinga. Callicebus estava presente em 16 sítios, dos quais 13 são novas localidades para o gênero. A estrutura do hábitat de nove (contendo ou não Callicebus) foi avaliada através da análise de agrupamento para variáveis bióticas, abióticas e bióticas/abióticas em conjunto, que revelou agrupamento distinto entre os fragmentos de Caatinga (56%; 94%; e 73% de similaridade, respectivamente) e Mata Atlântica (14%; 92%; e 50% de similaridade, respectivamente). Os fragmentos representando o Agreste (ecótono) se agruparam com os fragmentos de Mata Atlântica ou Caatinga, evidenciando o caráter transitório deste tipo de ambiente. A análise da estrutura espacial da distribuição do Callicebus revelou uma correlação positiva entre os fragmentos representando a Mata Atlântica (Moran s I = 0,702 a 0,961) e Caatinga (I = -1,043 a -0,872), e uma correlação negativa entre esses dois conjuntos, com uma clara lacuna de aproximadamente 70 km da distribuição do gênero, coincidindo com o Agreste. Isso reforça a idéia de que as espécies C. barbarabrownae e C. coimbrai são distintas e endêmicas da Caatinga e Mata Atlântica, respectivamente. Essas descobertas reforçam a necessidade de desenvolvimento de estratégias distintas para a conservação e manejo para as diferentes populações dessas espécies, dado que as mesmas enfrentam condições ambientais diferenciadas em vida livre.
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34

Hameed, Nyha Majeed. "Numerical methods for optical forces modeling in nano optics devices : trapping and manipulating nanoparticles." Thesis, Besançon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BESA2036.

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Cette thèse constitue un ensemble de travaux et de réflexions sur la question de la modélisation d’expériences en nano-optique utilisant la méthode des différences finies dans le domaine fréquentiel (FDFD) et la méthode des différences finies dans le domaine temporel (FDTD). D’abord, un code FDFD bidimensionnel, dédié au calcul de modes propres de guides d’ondes optiques, a été mis en œuvre et testé à travers une comparaison avec des résultats publiés. Dans une deuxième grande partie, nous étudions le piégeage optique de petites particules (de taille microscopique) à l’aide d’une antenne à nano-ouverture papillon (BNA) gravée à l’extrémité d’une sonde de microscope optique métallisée. Le confinement de lumière obtenue à la résonance de la nano-antenne permet un piégeage 3-D des nanoparticules de latex. Une étude systématique a été menée pour quantifier la puissance de la lumière incidente nécessaire pour un piégeage stable. Un bon accord entre les résultats expérimentaux et numériques a été obtenu dans le cas d’une BNA opérant dans l’eau à _ = 1064 nm pour le piégeage de particules de latex de 250 nm de rayon. En outre, les résultats numériques pour de plus petites particules sont présentés et montrent qu’une telle configuration est capable de piéger des particules avec des rayons aussi petits que 30 nm. Troisièmement, nous avons étudié le processus de piégeage optique basé sur l’amélioration du confinement, non seulement du champ électrique comme dans le cas de la BNA, mais aussi du magnétique que peut exhiber l’antenne métallique type diabolo (DA). Cette dernière a été récemment proposée car elle présente une résonance avec un fort confinement magnétique. Nous avons amélioré le design afin qu’une double résonance, électrique et magnétique, ait lieu au centre de la nano-antenne. Ce double confinement a ensuite été exploité pour exalter le gradient de champ au voisinage de l’antenne et ainsi aboutir à de meilleures efficacités de piégeage (moindre puissance). De plus, les résultats des simulations montrent que le processus de piégeage dépend fortement des dimensions des particules et que, pour des géométries particulières, un piégeage sans contact peut être réalisé. Cette structure doublement résonnante ouvre la voie à la conception d’une nouvelle génération de nano-pinces optiques à forte efficacit
This thesis is a set of work and reflections on modeling the experiments in nano-optics by using the finite difference method in the frequency domain (FDFD), and in time domain (FDTD). First, a two-dimensional code FDFD, dedicated to the calculation the eigenmodes of optical waveguides, has been implemented and tested through a comparison with results found in the literature. In a second large part, we study the optical trapping of small particles (of microscopic size) by using a bowtie nanoaperture antenna (BNA) engraved at the end of a metal-coated near-field optical microscope tip. The confinement of light obtained at the resonance of the nano-antenna allows 3-D trapping of latex nanoparticles. A systematic study was conducted to quantify the power of incident light necessary for stable trapping. Good agreement between the experimental and numerical results was obtained in the case of a BNA operating in water at _ = 1064 nm for the trapping of latex particles having a radius of 250 nm-radius. In addition, numerical results for smaller particles are presented and show that such configuration is capable of trapping particles with radii reaching 30 nm. Third, we studied the optical trapping process based on improved confinement of the electric field as in the case of the BNA, but also of the magnetic field, by using a metallic diabolo shape antenna (DA). This latter has been recently proposed because it exhibits resonance with a strong magnetic field confinement. We have improved the design in such a way that a double resonance, electric and magnetic, takes place in the center of the nano-antenna. This dual confinement was then used in order to enhance the field gradient in its vicinity and thus obtain better efficiencies of the trapping (less power). In addition, the simulation results show that the trapping process is greatly dependent of the particles size, and also show that, for specificl geometries, a trapping without contact can be achieved. This doubly resonant structure opens the way to the conception of a new generation of optical nano-tweezers with high efficiency
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35

Ciofolo, Cybèle Barillot Christian. "Segmentation de formes guidée par des modèles en neuro-imagerie intégration de la commande floue dans une méthode de segmentation par ensembles de niveau /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2005. ftp://ftp.irisa.fr/techreports/theses/2005/ciofolo.pdf.

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Ciofolo, Cybèle. "Segmentation de formes guidée par des modèles en neuro-imagerie : intégration de la commande floue dans une méthode de segmentation par ensembles de niveau." Rennes 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005REN1S150.

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Cette thèse traite de la segmentation d'images médicales avec des ensembles de niveau guidés par commande floue. Notre approche est fondée sur une méthode de segmentation orientée région. Afin de l'adapter à diverses applications, nous utilisons des connaissances a priori et un système de commande floue pour guider les contours associés aux ensembles de niveau. Le contrôleur flou gère automatiquement les différents termes de la vitesse d'évolution des contours. Il est d'abord utilisé pour régler la fonction d'arrêt, puis le terme de régularisation. Enfin, il permet de faire évoluer simultanément plusieurs ensembles de niveau en déterminant leur sens de propagation privilégié. La méthode est appliquée à la segmentation de structures variées, allant du cerveau entier aux noyaux gris internes. Enfin, nous introduisons un modèle de forme pour tenir compte de la variabilité anatomique. Cela améliore la précision et la robustesse des résultats, évaluées sur 2 jeux de 18 volumes IRM réels.
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37

Rodrigues, Everton Nei Lopes. "Composição e estrutura da fauna araneológica (Arachnida, Araneae) associada ao estrato arbóreo-arbustivo de matas ciliares e seus microambientes no Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/29979.

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A intenção deste estudo foi conhecer a composição e a diversidade da araneofauna relacionada a matas ciliares no Rio Grande do Sul, em diferentes localidades: rio Piratini no município de Arroio Grande; rio Camaquã em Cristal; rio dos Sinos em Parobé e rio Maquiné em Maquiné. Foi comparada a riqueza de espécies, abundância e similaridade da fauna de aranhas e a sazonalidade, avaliando se fatores ambientais bióticos e abióticos influenciam na assembleia de aranhas das matas ciliares. Também foram avaliadas as guildas de aranhas, tanto aspectos espaciais, quanto temporais, e a influência de fatores abióticos e de complexidade ambiental sobre as mesmas. As aranhas foram separadas e classificadas em quatro guildas: construtoras de teias orbiculares, construtores de teias irregulares, caçadoras cursoriais e caçadoras emboscadoras/espreitadoras. Para a amostragem da araneofauna foram efetuadas duas coletas por estação durante dois anos em cada mata ciliar. As coletas foram realizadas em transecções, por um período de 45 minutos, utilizando como método o guarda-chuva entomológico (GCE) para amostrar a araneofauna do estrato arbóreo-arbustivo. Em cada mata ciliar foram delineadas seis transecções, duas em cada microambiente: borda com o campo, interior da mata e borda com o rio. O esforço amostral foi de 288 horas de coletas. No total foram coletadas 42057 aranhas: 8851 adultas (21%) e 33206 jovens (79%). A família predominante foi Theridiidae, com mais de 50% das aranhas amostradas em cada mata, a única exceção foi a mata ciliar do rio Maquiné que dominou Linyphiidae. A abundância de aranhas adultas foi diferente entre as matas ciliares, com maior abundância no rio Maquiné (34,58% das aranhas) e menor no rio dos Sinos (18,43%). Dos microambientes, as maiores abundâncias foram no interior da mata, seguido pelas bordas, muito próximas entre si. Foram determinadas 440 espécies/morfoespécies de aranhas, entre 168 gêneros. No total 232 espécies foram nominais (53%) com 14 novos registros para o Rio Grande do Sul e três para o Brasil. No rio Maquiné foi registrada a maior riqueza de espécies (S=218) e menor no rio dos Sinos (S=179). Entre os microambientes, as maiores riquezas de espécies de aranhas foram observadas nas bordas (campo: S=298 e rio: S=279) e após o interior da mata (S=246). A riqueza de espécies foi diferente entre os rios, já as riquezas entre os microambientes não diferiram. As espécies raras foram representadas por 130 singletons (32,5% das espécies do inventário). Para a sazonalidade, as aranhas adultas foram mais abundantes no verão e menos no outono; as aranhas jovens predominaram no outono e menos na primavera. A riqueza não diferiu entre os dois anos de amostragem. Já entre as estações a diferença foi significativa, maior na primavera e menor no outono. Não foi encontrada uma relação entre os fatores abióticos (temperatura e precipitação) com a araneofauna, tanto para abundância, quanto para a riqueza. As variáveis bióticas da vegetação não foram suficientes para explicar as variações na comunidade de aranhas, não influenciando nas mesmas. A análise multivariada de similaridade (ANOSIM), pelo índice quantitativo de Morisita e qualitativo de Simpson, mostra que as composições de espécies das araneofaunas diferem entre as matas ciliares. Para os diferentes microambientes não foram encontradas diferenças na composição. Prevaleceu a guilda das construtoras de teias irregulares e uma menor quantidade das caçadoras cursoriais. A MANOVA indicou diferença significativa na proporção das guildas entre todas as matas ciliares e entre os microambientes. A partir da análise de correspondência canônica (CCA), as guildas não estão correlacionadas com as variáveis de complexidade ambiental avaliadas. As curvas de rarefação e os estimadores analíticos de riqueza de espécies indicam que a fauna de aranhas ainda não foi suficientemente amostrada para as matas ciliares, revelando a urgência de estudos futuros, principalmente, abrangendo outros métodos, para diferentes estratos das florestas.
The aim of this study was to characterise the spider fauna associated to riparian forests in Rio Grande do Sul. Four different sites were sampled: Piratini River in Arroio Grande; Camaquã River in Cristal; Sinos River in Parobé and Maquiné River in Maquiné. Diversity components such as species richness, abundance and faunal similarity were compared among rivers, among microhabitats (forest edges and forest interior) and yearly seasons, and also against biotic and abiotic environmental factors. Spider foraging guilds were also evaluated, again for spatial and temporal scales, and again against biotic and abiotic environmental factors. Spiders were separated in four guilds: orbicular web builders, sheet web builders, running hunters and ambush hunters. Two samples per season were taken during two years for all forest sites. Sampling consisted of using beating tray on the tree-shrub strata across linear transections (50 X 2 m) for 45 min. On each site six transects were used, two per microhabitat: grassland edge, forest interior and river edge. Sampling effort totalled 288 h of sampling. Overall we obtained 42,057 spiders: 8,851 adults (21%) and 33,206 juveniles (79%). The predominant family was Theridiidae, with more than 50% of all spiders for all sites except Maquiné River, in which Linyphiidae dominated. Adult spider abundance differed among sites, with more spiders in Maquiné River (34.58% of the spiders) and less in Sinos River (18.43%). Among microhabitats, largest abundances occurred in the forest interior, with the edges having less spiders. A total of 440 spider species/morphospecies were recognised within 168 genera. Only 232 of those species were nominal (53%) with 14 new records for Rio Grande do Sul state and three for Brazil. In Maquiné River we found the largest richness (S=218) and in dos Sinos River the lowest (S=179). Comparing microhabitats, the largest species richness were observed for the edges (grassland edge: S=298; river edge: S=279) with the forest interior below (S=246), but not significantly. Rare species were represented by 130 singletons (32.5% of inventoried species). Adult spiders were more abundant during Summer and less during Autumn; while young spiders occurred more during Autumn and less during Spring. Species richness also differed among seasons with more species during Spring and less during Autumn. A multivariate analysis of similarity (ANOSIM), either using Morisita quantitative index or Simpson qualitative index, shows spider species composition to differ among sites, but not among microhabitats within a site. There were no significant relationships between spider diversity components and abiotic (temperature and precipitation) factors, either for abundance or species richness. Biotic factors related to vegetation complexity (vegetation density, vegetation height, vegetation structure, canopy cover) were insufficient to explain variation in spider assemblages. Sheet web builders was the prevailing guild and running hunters were relatively rare. A MANOVA indicated significant differences in guild proportions among sites and among microhabitats. A canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) showed the guilds not to be correlated with the vegetation complexity variables evaluated. Analytical species richness estimators indicate that the spider fauna is still not sufficiently sampled, revealing the urgency of continuing studies, especially involving other sampling methods so as to evaluate other forest strata.
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Balde, Aissatou MBambe. "The Schooling Experiences Of Fulani Muslim Girls In The Fouta Djallon Region Of Guinea: Forces Influencing Their Retention In A Rural Secondary School Of Dalaba." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1103142410.

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Penner, Johannes. "Macroecology of West African amphibians." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Lebenswissenschaftliche Fakultät, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/17035.

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Amphibienpopulationen sind weltweit bedroht. Für fundierte Entscheidungen im Naturschutz ist ein wissenschaftliches Hintergrundwissen notwendig. Eine wichtige Komponente ist die Verbreitung der Arten und die Gründe hierfür. Dies setzt auch Klarheit bezüglich des taxonomischen Status voraus. Vernachlässigte Regionen liegen meist in den Tropen. Um diese Lücke zu füllen, untersucht die vorliegende Arbeit die Makroökologie westafrikanischer Amphibien. Eine neue Art der Familie Phrynobatrachidae wird beschrieben. Anschließend werden die taxonomischen Unterschiede zweier Mitglieder der Familien der Hyperoliidae und der Arthroleptidae untersucht. Dies ebnet den Weg für die Makroökologie. Es wird analysiert, ob Westafrika eine einzigartige biogeographische Region ist. Die Untersuchung zeigen, dass Westafrika in der Tat einzigartig ist. Die Ähnlichkeiten innerhalb der Region sind größer als die innerhalb ähnlicher Habitate aus unterschiedlichen Regionen. Der Cross River ist die wichtigste Barriere. Mehrere geographische Zonierungen innerhalb Westafrikas werden entdeckt. Es wird untersucht, ob der Chytrid Pilz, Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, (Bd), ein wichtiger Faktor beim Rückgang der Amphibien Populationen, in West Afrika vorkommt. Bisher gibt es keinen positiven Nachweis westlich Nigerias. Dennoch sagen Modelle geeignete Habitate für Bd vorher. Die wahrscheinlichste Erklärung ist, dass die Dahomey Gap als natürliche Barriere die Ausbreitung von Bd verhindert. Als letztes werden die Nischen westafrikanischer Amphibien eruiert. Für die meisten Arten werden Nischenmodelle berechnet. Dies bestätigt bereits bekannte Gebiete hoher Alpha Diversität und zeigt bisher unbekannte Gebiete auf. Des Weiteren werden Erklärungen für unterschiedliche Verbreitungsgebietsgrößen gesucht. Generell wird die Nischenbreite hierfür verantwortlich gemacht. Die vorliegenden Daten lassen allerdings auch den Schluss zu, dass das Ausbreitungsvermögen das beobachtete Muster ebenfalls erklären kann.
Amphibian populations are declining globally. For informed conservation decisions a sound scientific background is needed. One major component is species distribution and the underlying causes. This also requires clarity on the taxonomic status. Often neglected regions are located in the tropics. In order to fill this gap, the present thesis examines the macroecology of West African amphibians. A new species of the family Phrynobatrachidae is described. Afterwards, the taxonomic differences between morphologically similar members of the families Hyperoliidae and Arthroleptidae are discussed. Beside other studies, this sets the field for macroecology. It is tested whether West Africa is a unique biogeographic region. The similarity of amphibian assemblages from Sub-Saharan Africa is analysed and it is shown that West Africa contains unique assemblages. Similarities within the region are higher than similarities between habitats across different regions. The main barrier towards Central Africa is the Cross River. Several geographic divisions within West Africa are detected. It is examined whether the chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), one important factor for amphibian population declines in many other regions, occurs in West Africa. So far there is no positive record west of Nigeria. However, models predict that environmental suitability for Bd is high. The most plausible explanation for the absence is that the Dahomey Gap acted as a natural barrier against the spread of the Bd. Finally, the niches of West African amphibians are investigated. For most species environmental niche models are calculated. This confirms previously known areas of high alpha diversity and so far unknown species rich areas are detected. In a further study, explanations for differing range sizes are searched for. Niche breadth is commonly assumed to be the general cause. However, the analysed data also suggests that dispersal ability can also explain the observed pattern.
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Pintinho, Zeferino Cariço André. "A política externa angolana no processo de reforma das forças armadas da Guiné-Bissau." Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/10869.

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A Guiné-Bissau é um destino inevitável dos esforços angolanos no âmbito da sua politica externa e de investimentos. O presente trabalho tem por objectivo estudar as motivações da intervenção de Angola no processo de Reforma das Forças de Defesa e Segurança da Guiné- Bissau. Apresenta uma análise do sector, desvendando as raízes dos problemas que o assolam, escrutinando a situação actual, identificando os constrangimentos e as ameaças, antes de anunciar um conjunto de propostas concretas de solução. O ambiente de insegurança causado por vários episódios de guerras e sublevações armadas transformou-se num importante obstáculo para o desenvolvimento económico e social, desencorajando os investimentos desviando os poucos recursos do país para as despesas improdutivas, impedindo o desenvolvimento. Perante este cenário a construção de condições sólidas para uma segurança duradoura, torna-se uma premissa incontornável, e uma condição fundamental para repor a Guiné-Bissau ao rumo de desenvolvimento sustentável para a construção do bem-estar das populações; ### Abstract: The Angolan Foreign Policy Reform Process in the Armed Forces of Guinea-Bissau The Guinea-Bissau is an inevitable fate of Angolan efforts in its foreign policy and investments . The present work aims to study the motivations of the intervention of Angola in the process of reform of the Defence and Security of Guinea-Bissau. Presents an analysis of the sector , uncovering the roots of the problems that plague , scrutinizing the current situation , identifying the constraints and threats , before announcing a set of concrete proposals for solutions . The environment of insecurity caused by several episodes of wars and armed insurgency has become a major obstacle to economic and social development , discouraging investments diverting the limited resources of the country to unproductive spending , hindering development . Against this background building solid conditions for lasting security becomes an inescapable premise , and a key to reset the Guinea-Bissau to the path of sustainable development to build the well- being of populations condition.
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Trimeche, Azer. "Décélération Zeeman-Stern Gerlach d’un jet supersonique de particules paramagnétiques par une onde de champ magnétique progressive." Thesis, Paris 11, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA112330/document.

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Ce travail porte sur l’étude et la réalisation d’une nouvelle technique de décélération d’un jet supersonique de particules paramagnétiques en utilisant une onde de champ magnétique progressive co-mobile. Cette technique repose sur une méthode de ralentissement basée sur les forces de type Stern Gerlach agissant sur un système paramagnétique en mouvement en présence d’un champ magnétique co-propageant. Cette méthode très innovatrice a l’avantage de pouvoir s’appliquer à une grande palette d’espèces ouvrant ainsi de nouvelles possibilités d’applications. On décrit une approche théorique adaptée qui permet de faire un lien direct entre la théorie, la programmation des paramètres expérimentaux, les résultats obtenus et ce d’une manière systématique, rationnelle et prédictive.Ce mémoire est composé de trois parties. La première porte sur les forces décélératrices et le calcul des différentes forces, de type Stern Gerlach, utilisées dans nos expériences. Les formules établies dans cette partie sont essentielles pour l’interprétation des résultats expérimentaux. La deuxième partie porte sur le dispositif expérimental : le jet supersonique pré-refroidi, la zone d’interaction et la détection. On donne le détail de la réalisation des circuits créant les champs magnétiques nécessaires au guidage et à la décélération du jet. La troisième partie porte sur les résultats des expériences réalisées et leur interprétation directement à partir des équations du mouvement de l’effet Stern Gerlach. Des simulations sont présentées pour étayer les interprétations. On présente les résultats de décélération obtenus récemment sur l’argon et le néon métastables. Ces résultats valident clairement l’importance de l’ajout d’un champ magnétique uniforme qui définit un axe de quantification adiabatique global pour toutes les particules du jet et permet le découplage entre la précession des moments magnétiques et l’action des forces de gradient. Ces résultats mettent en évidence, aussi, l’effet de polarisation du jet qui dépend du sens relatif du champ magnétique uniforme ajouté par rapport à l’onde de champ magnétique progressive.Enfin, la compréhension et le contrôle de la dynamique du piégeage à une vitesse donnée, de l’accélération et de la décélération nécessitent le découplage entre les effets transverses et les effets longitudinaux de l’onde. Ces derniers sont clairement visibles quand le champ magnétique uniforme ajouté vient limiter les effets transverses de l’onde de champ magnétiques progressive. Les perspectives pour ce nouveau décélérateur Zeeman Stern Gerlach sont grandes. Un premier résultat de piégeage du di-azote métastable à 560m/s est présenté et ceci ouvre la voie pour décélérer les molécules paramagnétiques en jet supersonique pulsé. La décélération des radicaux libres et des neutrons est aussi envisageable
This work focuses on the study and implementation of a new technique of deceleration of a supersonic beam of paramagnetic particles using a co-moving progressive wave of magnetic field. This technique relies on a method of slowing based on Stern-Gerlach forces acting on a paramagnetic system in motion in the presence of a co-propagating magnetic field. This highly innovative approach has the advantage of being applicable to a wide range of species and opens up new opportunities. A suitable theoretical approach is followed, that allows for a direct link between theory, programming of experimental parameters, and experimental results in a systematic, rational and predictive manner.This thesis is composed of three parts. The first concerns the calculation of the various Stern Gerlach forces used in our experiments to decelerate the paramagnetic particles. Formulas established in this section are essential for the interpretation of experimental results. The second part is devoted to the experimental device: the creation of the cooled supersonic beam, interaction zone and detection. A separate chapter is devoted to the detailed description of the different setups of coils used to create the magnetic fields necessary to guide and to decelerate the particles of the beam.The third part is devoted to the experimental results and their direct interpretation using the equations of motion in Stern Gerlach forces. Simulations are presented to embody the interpretations. We present results about the deceleration of metastable argon and neon atoms. These results validate the significance of the addition of a uniform magnetic field defining a global adiabatic quantization axis for all the particles in the beam. This realizes the decoupling between the precession of the magnetic moments and Stern Gerlach forces. The results demonstrate the polarization effect of the beam that depends on the direction of the added uniform magnetic field relative to the progressive wave of the magnetic field.Finally, the understanding and control of the dynamics of trapping at a given speed, acceleration and deceleration require decoupling between the transverse and longitudinal effects of the wave. These effects are clearly visible when the added uniform magnetic field limits the transverse effects of the progressive wave of magnetic field. The outlooks for the new Zeeman Stern Gerlach decelerator are numerous. A first result of trapping di-nitrogen metastable at 560m/s is presented and the road is open to decelerate paramagnetic molecules in pulsed supersonic jet. Deceleration free radicals and neutrons are also possible
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Hafidi, Alaoui Hamza. "Imagerie topologique ultrasonore des milieux périodiques." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BORD0388/document.

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La détection, la localisation et le suivi de l’évolution de défauts dans les milieux périodiques et les guides d’ondes est un enjeu majeur dans le domaine du Contrôle Non Destructif (CND). La propagation d’ondes dans ce genre de milieux est complexe, par exemple lorsque la vitesse dépend de la fréquence (dispersion) ou de la direction de propagation (anisotropie). La signature du défaut peut également être « noyée » dans le champ acoustique renvoyé par la structure (réverbération ou diffusion multiple). C’est pour répondre à ces enjeux de taille que l’Optimisation Topologique (OT) a été adaptée aux problèmes de diffraction des ondes acoustiques par des défauts infinitésimaux afin d’obtenir des images de réflectivité des milieux inspectés. La méthode peut être appliquée à toutes sortes de milieux, quelle que soit leur complexité, à condition d’être capable de simuler correctement (sur un milieu de référence) la propagation des ondes de l’expérience physique. En s’inspirant de l’OT, les travaux de cette thèse proposent de mettre en oeuvre des méthodes d’imagerie qualitatives adaptées aux spécificités des Cristaux Phononiques (CP) et des guides d’ondes. Dans un premier temps, nous nous attachons à la description du formalisme mathématique de l’Optimisation Topologique et de la Full Waveform Inversion (FWI). Bien que ces méthodes ne cherchent pas à résoudre les mêmes problèmes inverses, nous mettons en évidence leurs points communs. Dans un deuxième temps, nous appliquons l’Imagerie Topologique (IT) à l’inspection en réflexion des milieux faiblement hétérogènes. Dans un troisième temps, nous nous inspirons de l’IT pour définir une nouvelle variante de celle-ci nommée Imagerie Topologique Hybride (ITH). Nous appliquons ces méthodes pour l’inspection en réflexion des CP crées par des tiges d’acier immergées dans l’eau. Nous comparons les performances de ces méthodes en fonction du type de défaut dans le CP. Les simulations numériques correspondantes à certains cas d’étude sont appuyées par des essais expérimentaux concluants. Dans un quatrième temps, nous adaptons l’IT à une configuration d’inspection en transmission afin de mette en oeuvre une méthode de Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) des guides d’ondes. A ce propos, nous avons mis au point une nouvelle méthode d’imagerie mieux adaptée que l’IT aux configurations d’inspection en transmission
The detection, localization and monitoring of the evolution of defects in periodic media and waveguides is a major issue in the field of Non-Destructive Testing (NDT). Wave propagation in such media is complex, for example when the velocity depends on the frequency (dispersion) or direction of propagation (anisotropy). The signature of the defect can also be "embedded" in the acoustic field reflected by the structure (reverberation or multiple diffusion). It is to answer these stakes of the size that the Topological Optimization (TO) has been adapted to the problems of diffraction of the acoustic waves by infinitesimal defects in order to obtain reflectivity images of the inspected media. The method can be applied to all kinds of media, regardless of their complexity, provided an exact simulation of the wave propagation in a reference medium (without defects) is performed. Inspired by the TO, the work of this thesis proposes to implement qualitative imaging methods adapted to the specificities of Phononic Crystals (PC) and waveguides. First, we focus on the description of the mathematical formalism of Topological Optimization and Full-Waveform Inversion (FWI). Although these methods do not try to solve the same inverse problems, we highlight their similarities. In a second step, we apply Topological Imaging (TI) to the inspection in pulse-echo configuration of weakly heterogeneous media. Thirdly, we draw inspiration from TI to define a new variant of this method called Hybrid Topological Imaging (HTI).We apply these methods for the pulse-echo configuration inspection of PCs created by steel rods immersed in water.We compare the performance of these methods according to the kind of defects in the PC. Numerical simulations for some case studies are supported by conclusive experimental trials. In a fourth step, we adapt the TI to a pitch-catch configuration in order to implement a new method of Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) of waveguides. In this regard, we have developed a new imaging method that is better suited than TI to pitch-catch configurations
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Senterre, Bruno. "Recherches méthodologiques pour la typologie de la végétation et la phytogéographie des forêts denses d'Afrique tropicale." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210954.

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I. An original methodological discussion is proposed on the problem of the typology of tropical rain forest’s plant communities, based on the study of forest types across gradients of continentality and elevation, within Atlantic central Africa. These investigations were based on the statement that the main problems in forest typology are related to the non-zonal or zonal character of the different vegetation types and to non considering the relations and differences between forest strata.

II. Field data consisted in phytosociological homogeneous sample plots localized within different recognized phytogeographical entities, in a region of tropical Africa where these entities are known to be well conserved. A total of 37 such plots were inventoried in the region extending from the littoral forests of Ndoté, Equatorial Guinea, which are wet evergreen forests, to the continental forests of the Dja, Cameroon, known as evergreen seasonal forests. The studied region also included the oriental Atlantic forests of Equatorial Guinea, known as moist evergreen forests or caesalp forests. In various parts of this continentality gradient, some plots were localized within climax non-zonal formations, namely the submontane rain forests. The emphasis was put on the vegetation of the Monte Alén National Park.

The sampling methodology was willing to be as "complete ", including all strata, "quantitative ", enumerating all individuals, and "representative ", within each stratum, as possible. These multi-layers plots were realised using nested sub-plots, with a sampling size of 100 individuals for every ligneous stratum recognized (dominant trees, dominated trees and shrubs) and a sampling size of 200m² for the herbaceous and suffrutex stratum.

Forest types were defined independently for each stratum and the differences were analysed. A method was proposed for the simultaneous analysis of all floristic data, converting and standardizing the values from ligneous strata, on the one hand, and from understorey strata, on the other hand.

III. Ten forest types were described using IndVal and discussed in the general context of the guineo-congolian region, from a syntaxonomic view point (agglomerative classification) and from a phytogeographical view point (divisive classification). Homologies between these two approaches are described. The proposed phytogeographical system is based on an "open " conception of hierarchical classifications, combining advantages of agglomerative and divisive classifications. In concrete terms, the non-zonal criteria, for example the submontane variants, are categorised separately and in analogy with the zonal criteria, related to the usual phytochoria.

Analysis of ecological relationships for the 10 communities showed that the main variables related to the floristic variability in our mainland rain forests are elevation, rainfall, hygrometry (estimated using bryophytes cover levels) and distance to the ocean. The two extremes on the vertical microclimatic gradient, dominant trees stratum and herbaceous stratum, give similar typologies, however canonical analysis showed that for the herbaceous layer, non-zonal variables (hygrometry and elevation) were gaining more importance when the influence of the two zonal variables was attenuated. In every case, spatial autocorrelation was less important than the environment in explaining floristic variability but its role increased in the spatial arrangement of understorey species, whose dispersal capacity is generally lower than canopy trees. The phytosociological, phytogeographical and ecological description of forest types is accompanied by a physiognomical description using biological types spectrum, as well as architectural models, leaf sizes, etc.

With regard to diversity, we have demonstrated that species richness was higher from upper to lower strata because of the accumulation in lower strata of species from various strata. On the other hand, the proper stratum diversity, i.e. the structural set, decreased from dominant trees to shrubs. The proper diversity of the herb layer showed relatively high figures mainly due to the higher individual density in relation to the existence of microstrata. Within the 37 sample plots, 1,050 taxa have been identified to species or morpho-species levels, for a total of 25,750 individuals. These taxa represent 442 genus among 104 families. The richest forest type is found on the foothills of the Niefang range, on the windward side. This forest type is also characterised by a high number of oligotypic genus and by species belonging to functional types indicators of glacial refuges. These functional types are defined on the basis of the dispersal capacity and on kind of stand needed for effective germination. We formulated the hypothesis that this kind of "foothills refuge ", characterised by his zonal nature, could have been one of the rare refuges for species from mainland rain forests, while montane and fluvial refuges would mainly have preserved species from non-zonal forest types: (sub)montane and riverine.

Based on indicator species of submontane forests, a potential distribution map of this forest type has been realised at the Atlantic central African scale. More than 400 submontane forest localities have been mapped. These forests begin at 400m of altitude near the ocean, and progressively at higher altitude for increasing distance to the ocean. Many lowland localities also comprised submontane species, which could indicate the existence of ecological transgressions. These transgressions would allow migratory tracks for submontane species between isolated mountain ranges, not only during glacial periods, through heights at the northern and southern borders of the congo basin, but also contemporarily through the lowland riverine forest network, in the centre of this basin. Finally, a special attention has been attributed to littoral forests and to some cases of choroecological transgressions, coupled to the ecological equalization phenomenon.


Doctorat en sciences agronomiques et ingénierie biologique
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

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Tylš, Ladislav. "Získávání dat z kamer." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-217760.

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This thesis describes the principles of making application which is able to set and control camera. The first part describes basic camera connections and it explains definition and specification of camera’s features. The second part of my thesis describes implementation of application, which can use more cameras to image preview, image acquisition and to simply set of camera’s features. To implement the applications we can use MATLAB and C++BUILDER uses opencv libraries.
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Belmakki, Mohamed. "African sub-regional organizations in peacekeeping and peacemaking : the Economic Community Of West African State (ECOWAS) /." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2005. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/05Mar%5FBelmakki.pdf.

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Thesis (M.A. in National Security Affairs)--Naval Postgraduate School, March 2005.
Thesis Advisor(s): Karen Guttieri, Letitia Lawson. Includes bibliographical references (p. 71-75). Also available online.
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46

Chen, Heng-Ting, and 陳恆婷. "Health Benefits of Forest Therapy: Comparison of Guided Modes." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/9qgn34.

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Abstract:
碩士
國立臺灣大學
森林環境暨資源學研究所
107
The biophilia hypothesis is mentioned “boldly asserts the existence of a biologically based inherent human need to affiliate with life and lifelike processes”., human has innate love for nature. Natural resources of mass development has brought the human civilization that results in an ecological crisis. The pressure of survival competition, human has gradually lost their connection with nature, that has disregarded to nature protection. This has affected public health and quality of life, cause a variety of physical and mental illnesses. Therefore, how to promote human connect with nature will be an important direction to protect the environment and maintain human well-being. Popular alternative therapy is called“forest therapy” could improve human health and have the potential to awaken human connection with nature. The study focuses on the health benefits of guided modes with forest therapy. The research site chose in Xitou Nature Education Area, and the experiment time was from July to August. The experimental design adopted three-group pretest and posttest, two explanation guidance methods (self-guided and guided) and a group of control (walking type). The research recruited 99 subjects (age:21-86), randomly assigned to three groups. The measurements included physiological responses (heart rate, blood pressure, autonomic nerve balance, and salivary alpha-amylase), psychological indices (POMS and INS), and the posttest of activity experience assessment (mindfulness, satisfaction and willingness to revisit). The statistical method is the ANOVA, and the research hypothesis is verified with a significant level of 0.05, and the results are presented in terms of mean, standard deviation and amount of change. The background information of the subjects collected the habits and nature relatedness background dara. The results of the study show that the three modes of forest therapy activities can bring relaxation, joy, and closeness to nature. The explanation of the guided activities, in addition to showing the health benefits of forest therapy, the INS has a better performance than the walk type activities. Moreover, the psychological value of the guided is more comprehensive than the self-guided. Also in the mindfulness, satisfaction, and willingness to revisit, the guided has brought the people a deep sense of natural experience and made the people more aware and concerned about the forest environment. This results of study verify that the guiding method has the potential to enhance the benefits of forest therapy and the connection between human and nature. In the future, the application about guiding theory to natural connection should be explored, and the research data will be serve as a reference for the forest therapy of management.
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47

Chien, Yi-Chang, and 簡益章. "A Study on The Interpretation of Self-guide Trail System in Forest Recreation Areas." Thesis, 1994. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/67705397671172050285.

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Abstract:
碩士
國立中興大學
森林學系
82
In natural environmental education programs, self-guide trail system is one of the most important media. However currently the research and practice on that subject is rare in Taiwan forest recreation areas. Thus for developingan executable self- guide trailsystem, we first chose the areas which have had self- guide trail including Tai-Pin Shan、Chitou and Kenting and proceeded an visitor interview survey.From the survey data we have obtained th eresults as follow： 1.Visitors who used the trail are of young age group who have had high education level( high school and more 86.65％)、(age from 15∼34　74.09 ％） 2.The goals of the trail were recongized by most visitors (90.45％) and 84.48％ of visitors considened the system was necessary. 3.Generally, the visitors were not very satisfied with the com- prehensive design（58.54％）media display mode （70.03％）and eco- logical knowledge proviting（61.67％）of the trailsystems. 4.Compared to individual recreation sites, Tai-Pin Shan was reaelized better in material using and themes chosen，While Chitou was felt better in trailaccess system design. This study have found from the user''s opinions that the self- guide trail need to improve in Taiwan therefore we tried to refer the result that we have got and the theory in interpretation med- iadesign to develop a vistor attributes. material application selection orientation self-guide trail system methology that is suitable for Taiwan forest recreation system. the case study was chosenin Ow-One Da forest recreation area. We have designed and constructeda self-guide trail system to match the concept of the methology. The result can provide as a model to help the forest recreation area design in its self-guide trail system and the case also can be use as an evalucationmodele that can give an example for impr- oving the trail system in the future.
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48

"A Performance Guide for Heitor Villa-Lobos's Quatro Canções Da Floresta Do Amazonas." Doctoral diss., 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.44049.

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abstract: This paper is a performance guide for Quatro Canções da Floresta do Amazonas [Four Songs of The Amazon Forest] by Brazil's most prolific composer, Heitor Villa-Lobos. The primary purpose of the paper is to serve as a source for the correct pronunciation of the Brazilian Portuguese language of the songs. It will begin with an overview of Heitor Villa-Lobos's life and career, showing how his compositions catalyzed the Nationalistic movement in Brazilian classical music. His inclusion of native and folk elements into classical compositions was a significant innovation, which places Villa-Lobos as one of the most important Brazilian classical composers. Furthermore, this paper will explore the issue of Brazilian Portuguese diction in depth, using the Quatro Canções da Floresta do Amazonas to aid non-native Brazilian speakers. This includes an International Phonetic Alphabet transcription of the songs, as well as a recording of the songs being read and sung by the author, a link to which can be found in the appendix.
Dissertation/Thesis
Doctoral Dissertation Music 2017
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49

Cheng, Jia-Chi, and 鄭佳綺. "Do Executives Guide Financial Analysts Forecast Behaviors? Evidence from Executive Stock Options." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/78456514051613505713.

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Abstract:
博士
國立成功大學
會計學系碩博士班
97
This paper examines whether managers communicate with analysts to disseminate biased information to increase managers compensation. We focus on managers stock option compensation, a setting where managerial incentive to engage in an opportunistic behavior is particularly severe. Meanwhile, we examine whether analysts improve their relative forecast accuracy in the next quarter after issuing biased recommendation to please management. Using option grants sample and option exercises sample over 1996-2005 separately, we find that managers with option grants (option exercises) receive relative unfavorable (favorable) analyst consensus recommendation for each of three months prior to the award month (exercise month). Moreover, individual analysts who issue unfavorable recommendation prior to option awards or favorable recommendation prior to option exercises to increase managers’ compensation improve their relative forecast accuracy in the next quarter. These findings support the argument that the communication exists between managers and financial analysts for their own incentives and benefits.
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50

Ferris, Robert Joseph. "Ferroelectric Thin Films for the Manipulation of Interfacial Forces in Aqueous Environments." Diss., 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10161/7163.

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Ferroelectric thin films (FETFs) offer a promising new platform for advancing liquid-phase interfacial sensing devices. FETFs are capable of expressing surface charge densities that are an order of magnitude higher than those of traditional charged surfaces in liquid environments (e.g., common oxides, self-assembled monolayers, or electrets). Furthermore, the switchable polarization state of FETFs enables patterning of charge-heterogeneous surfaces whose charge patterns persist over a range of environmental conditions. Integration of FETFs into liquid-phase interfacial sensing devices, however, requires the fabrication of films with nanometer-scale surface roughness, high remnant polarization values, and interfacial stability during prolonged exposure. The objectives of my research were to i) fabricate ferroelectric ultra-smooth lead zirconium titanate (US-PZT) thin films with nanometer-scale surface roughness, ii) establish the interfacial stability of these films after prolonged exposure to aqueous environments, iii) measure the interfacial forces as a function of film polarization and ionic strength, iv) calculate the surface potential of the US-PZT surface using electric double layer (EDL) theory, and v) demonstrate the guided deposition of charged colloidal particles onto locally polarized US-PZT thin films from solution.

I demonstrate the use of ferroelectric US-PZT thin films to manipulate EDL interaction forces in aqueous environments. My work conclusively shows that the polarization state of US-PZT controls EDL formation and can be used to induce the guided deposition of charged colloidal particles in solution.

I present a robust fabrication scheme for making ferroelectric US-PZT thin films from a sol-gel precursor. By optimizing critical thermal processing steps I am able to minimize the in-plane stress of the film and reliably produce US-PZT thin films on the wafer-scale with mean surface roughness values of only 2.4 nm over a 25 μm2 area. I then establish US-PZT film stability in water by measuring changes in film topography, crystallinity, surface chemistry, and electrical properties as a function of exposure duration. My results show that fabrication of crack-free US-PZT thin film is critical for long-term film fidelity in aqueous environments. Furthermore, I found no change in film topography or bulk composition with increasing exposure duration. Prolonged exposure to aqueous environments, however, gradually oxidizes the surface of the US-PZT wich results in a decrease in film resistivity and polarization saturation. Next, I used colloidal probe force microscopy (CPFM) to measure the EDL interaction force as a function of separation distance between polarized US-PZT thin films and a clean borosilicate probe. CPFM measurements were performed on oppositely polarized US-PZT thin films, which expressed either a positive or negative surface charge, and over a range of ionic strengths. The inner-Helmholtz plane (IHP) potential of the US-PZT was determined by fitting the CPFM force-separation data to number of EDL models, including; an analytical EDL model using a constant potential boundary condition with a Stern layer, a charge regulation EDL model, and a numerical EDL model using the non-linear Poisson-Boltzmann equation. Each model provides good agreement with the experimentally measured and predict high IHP surface potential for the polarized US-PZT thin films in solution. Finally, I demonstrate the use of polarized US-PZT to induce the guided deposition of positively or negatively charged colloidal particles from aqueous environments. I explore the effects of ionic strength, particle size, surface roughness, and pH on particle deposition.

Overall, this work demonstrates, for the first time, that FETFs can be used as a platform to manipulate colloidal particles in aqueous environments. The experimental results demonstrate that the surface charge of the FETF is reduced by charge shielding and perform similarly to traditional, charged surfaces in aqueous environments.


Dissertation
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