Relevant bibliographies by topics / Forest island

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  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
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Academic literature on the topic 'Forest island'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 3 June 2025
Last updated: 19 July 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Forest island"

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Salampessy, Messalina Lovenia, Bramasto Nugroho, Hariadi Kartodiharjo, and Cecep Kusmana. "Local Institutions Performance in Mangrove Forest Management on Small Islands: Case Study in Buano Island, Maluku Province, Indonesia." Jurnal Sylva Lestari 12, no. 2 (2024): 296–323. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/jsl.v12i2.840.

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Mangrove forests on small islands play an essential role in the stability of island ecosystems. It is crucial to analyze the performance of local institutions in forest management to increase the community’s active role in preserving mangrove forests. This research aims to analyze the performance of local institutions managing mangroves on small islands. The research was conducted on Buano Island, Maluku, Indonesia. In-depth interviews and participant observation were used to obtain data. Data analysis uses a Situation, Structure, Behavior, and Performance (SSBP) approach. The research results show that the community is very dependent on mangrove forests. Resources are owned by the clan group (Soa) but managed by members of the clan group (family). Thus, the phenomenon occurs when common pool resources are managed by private (Dati/Nuru) proprietors. The community regulates the utilization of potential forest resources by dividing management areas controlled by each Soa/Nuru group. The preservation of natural potential on Buano Island is supervised by Kewang and Sasi culture. Applying customary rules increases the community’s active role in managing resources and supporting village management. However, mangrove forest logging activities continue to occur. This performance shows a very high decline in mangrove forest vegetation and regeneration of mangrove forests. Stakeholder support is needed to increase the knowledge and skills of the community, especially traditional leaders, in implementing sustainable forest management. Keywords: forest management, local institution, mangrove, small island
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Goodman, S. M., and N. R. Ingle. "Sibuyan Island in the Philippines – threatened and in need of conservation." Oryx 27, no. 3 (1993): 174–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605300027988.

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In the spring of 1992 a group of zoologists completed a faunal survey of Sibuyan Island, a small mountainous island in the central Philippines. This island, which is oceanic in origin and during the Pleistocene at least was not connected to any other island mass, has an exceptional amount of intact primary forest, including lowland forest, a habitat that has all but been destroyed in the Philippines. The mammalian fauna of Sibuyan Island is exceptionally high in endemic species and also contains many other species that are threatened throughout the Philippines. Current logging operations severely threaten the remaining areas of lowland forest on the island. With forests of the Philippines under intense pressure, the most realistic hope for conservation lies in the protection of forests on islands where the population and political pressures are less intense. Sibuyan Island is an excellent candidate for such initiative.
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West, Jillian A., and Ron J. Nilsson. "Habitat use and burrow densities of burrow-nesting seabirds on South East Island, Chatham Islands, New Zealand." Notornis 41, Supplement (1994): 27. https://doi.org/10.63172/825436aajewp.

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Forest of several types covered 45.14% of South East Island, Chatham Islands (218 ha). All petrel burrows in 200 10 m2-quadrats in modified and unmodified forest were counted during breeding seasons in 1989 and 1990. From the total of 2675 burrows (1.338 burrows m-2 of forest), we estimated a breeding seabird population of more than 1.3 million pairs. The main species were White-faced Storm Petrels (Pelagodroma marina) (840,000 pairs), Broad- billed Prions (Pachyptila vittata) (330,000 pairs), and Southern Diving Petrels (Pelecanoides urinatrix) (127,000 pairs). Smaller numbers of Sooty Shearwaters (Puffinus griseus), Grey-backed Storm Petrels (Oceanites nereis) and Chatham Petrels (Pterodroma axillaris) also bred in the forests. Comparisons are made with population estimates for other New Zealand islands, parts of the Galapagos Islands, Baccalieu Island (Newfoundland), and the Juan Fernandez group. Conservation issues for South East Island are discussed.
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Fałtynowicz, Wiesław, and Emilia Wierzchołek. "Porosty wysp leśnych w okolicach Wieruszowa (Polska południowa)." Steciana 27, no. 3 (2023): 75–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.12657/steciana.027.006.

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The article presents the results of lichenological research conducted in 2015-2016 in the area of four forest islands located south of Wieruszów. The aim of the study was to prepare the most detailed list of lichens in the selected forest areas and to investigate the relationship whether and to what extent the size of the forest island and the way of its use affect the diversity of lichens occurring there. A total of 102 lichen species were found in the study area. The number of species and the diversity of lichens were shown to be directly proportional to the area of the forest island, and it was also found that more favorable conditions for lichens existed in state forests than in private forests.
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Katovai, Eric, Dawnie D. Katovai, Mason Campbell, Susan G. Laurance, Will Edwards, and William F. Laurance. "Structural Recovery of Logged Forests in the Solomon Islands: Implications for Conservation and Management." Tropical Conservation Science 14 (January 2021): 194008292110281. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/19400829211028125.

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Much of the lowland tropical forests in the Solomon Islands have been heavily logged. However, little is known about the recovery status of these forests. We examined factors that influenced the recovery of forest structural attributes within 50 years after selective logging on Kolombangara Island in the western Solomon Islands. Twelve study sites—six logged and six unlogged—were identified across the Island, with two logged sites in each of three recovery-time classes: 10, 30, and 50 years after logging. Within each study site, 12 0.1-ha plots were randomly established, and a series of forest attributes measured in each plot. Our results revealed that local logging intensity and soil attributes have stronger influence on forest-structural recovery than do site attributes such as local topography or tree architecture. Furthermore, half a century of regeneration following logging is insufficient to permit full recovery of forest structure. We conclude that logged forests on Kolombangara and possibly across the Solomon Islands may not fully recover structurally before the next logging cycle, in the absence of a policy on re-entry harvesting. The development of such a policy coupled with robust forest-management measures is pivotal to facilitating sustainable logging while supporting biodiversity conservation in the Solomon Islands. This may be the last best hope for saving lowland forests and their biodiversity on this unique tropical archipelago.
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Woods, Natasha N., Philip A. Tuley, and Julie C. Zinnert. "Long-Term Community Dynamics Reveal Different Trajectories for Two Mid-Atlantic Maritime Forests." Forests 12, no. 8 (2021): 1063. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f12081063.

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Maritime forests are threatened by sea-level rise, storm surge and encroachment of salt-tolerant species. On barrier islands, these forested communities must withstand the full force of tropical storms, hurricanes and nor’easters while the impact is reduced for mainland forests protected by barrier islands. Geographic position may account for differences in maritime forest resilience to disturbance. In this study, we quantify two geographically distinct maritime forests protected by dunes on Virginia’s Eastern Shore (i.e., mainland and barrier island) at two time points (15 and 21 years apart, respectively) to determine whether the trajectory is successional or presenting evidence of disassembly with sea-level rise and storm exposure. We hypothesize that due to position on the landscape, forest disassembly will be higher on the barrier island than mainland as evidenced by reduction in tree basal area and decreased species richness. Rate of relative sea-level rise in the region was 5.9 ± 0.7 mm yr−1 based on monthly mean sea-level data from 1975 to 2017. Savage Neck Dunes Natural Area Preserve maritime forest was surveyed using the point quarter method in 2003 and 2018. Parramore Island maritime forest was surveyed in 1997 using 32 m diameter circular plots. As the island has been eroding over the past two decades, 2016 Landsat imagery was used to identify remaining forested plots prior to resurveying. In 2018, only plots that remained forested were resurveyed. Lidar was used to quantify elevation of each point/plot surveyed in 2018. Plot elevation at Savage Neck was 1.93 ± 0.02 m above sea level, whereas at Parramore Island, elevation was lower at 1.04 ± 0.08 m. Mainland dominant species, Acer rubrum, Pinus taeda, and Liquidambar styraciflua, remained dominant over the study period, with a 14% reduction in the total number of individuals recorded. Basal area increased by 11%. Conversely, on Parramore Island, 33% of the former forested plots converted to grassland and 33% were lost to erosion and occur as ghost forest on the shore or were lost to the ocean. Of the remaining forested plots surveyed in 2018, dominance switched from Persea palustris and Juniperus virginiana to the shrub Morella cerifera. Only 46% of trees/shrubs remained and basal area was reduced by 84%. Shrub basal area accounted for 66% of the total recorded in 2018. There are alternative paths to maritime forest trajectory which differ for barrier island and mainland. Geographic position relative to disturbance and elevation likely explain the changes in forest community composition over the timeframes studied. Protected mainland forest at Savage Neck occurs at higher mean elevation and indicates natural succession to larger and fewer individuals, with little change in mixed hardwood-pine dominance. The fronting barrier island maritime forest on Parramore Island has undergone rapid change in 21 years, with complete loss of forested communities to ocean or conversion to mesic grassland. Of the forests remaining, dominant evergreen trees are now being replaced with the expanding evergreen shrub, Morella cerifera. Loss of biomass and basal area has been documented in other low elevation coastal forests. Our results indicate that an intermediate shrub state may precede complete loss of woody communities in some coastal communities, providing an alternative mechanism of resilience.
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Banul, Rafał, Agnieszka Kosewska, and Jakub Borkowski. "Animal occurrence in fragmented forest habitats – important factors at the patch and landscape scale." Forest Research Papers 79, no. 1 (2018): 89–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/frp-2018-0010.

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Abstract To date, in research, the main determinants influencing animal assemblages in fragmented forests have been considered to be forest island area and degree of isolation. Such a simplistic approach may have detrimental effects on the obtained results and conclusions, since there are a large number of other factors determining animal persistence in forest islands. In order to identify these factors and evaluate their importance, we reviewed the scientific literature on the topic. In addition to the island area, also patch shape, edge effects and local plant community structure are crucial factors affecting animal assemblages at the forest island scale. At the landscape scale, the total number of forest islands and their combined area, matrix permeability, occurrence of wide ecological corridors as well as isolated trees and woodlands appear to be the most significant factors. Our review further indicates that many of these elements also tend to interact. For instance, edge effects may reduce the area of suitable habitat in a forest patch. Furthermore, some fragmentation effects may be masked by species traits e.g. mobility, food preferences or habitat specialisation. The landscape context also plays a crucial role in animal persistence in fragmented forests. We thus conclude that there is a strong need to investigate the above-mentioned components of habitat fragmentation at the local and landscape scale using appropriate bio-indicators.
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Rafał, Banul, Kosewska Agnieszka, and Borkowski Jakub. "Animal occurrence in fragmented forest habitats – important factors at the patch and landscape scale." Lesne Prace Badawcze / Forest Research Papers 79, no. 1 (2018): 89–100. https://doi.org/10.2478/frp-2018-0010.

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To date, in research, the main determinants influencing animal assemblages in fragmented forests have been considered to be forest island area and degree of isolation. Such a simplistic approach may have detrimental effects on the obtained results and conclusions, since there are a large number of other factors determining animal persistence in forest islands. In order to identify these factors and evaluate their importance, we reviewed the scientific literature on the topic. In addition to the island area, also patch shape, edge effects and local plant community structure are crucial factors affecting animal assemblages at the forest island scale. At the landscape scale, the total number of forest islands and their combined area, matrix permeability, occurrence of wide ecological corridors as well as isolated trees and woodlands appear to be the most significant factors. Our review further indicates that many of these elements also tend to interact. For instance, edge effects may reduce the area of suitable habitat in a forest patch. Furthermore, some fragmentation effects may be masked by species traits e.g. mobility, food preferences or habitat specialisation. The landscape context also plays a crucial role in animal persistence in fragmented forests. We thus conclude that there is a strong need to investigate the above-mentioned components of habitat fragmentation at the local and landscape scale using appropriate bio-indicators.
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Goulding, William, Alvaro Salazar Perez, Patrick Moss, and Clive McAlpine. "Subsistence lifestyles and insular forest loss in the Louisiade Archipelago of Papua New Guinea: an endemic hotspot." Pacific Conservation Biology 25, no. 2 (2019): 151. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc17047.

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Insular areas of the south-west Pacific support high levels of global biodiversity and are undergoing rapid change. The Louisiade Archipelago of Papua New Guinea is a poorly known location with high levels of endemism. The largest island, Sudest Island, supports single-island endemic species and has the largest tract of forest remaining in this island group. The islands still support traditional subsistence lifestyles. This study investigated the patterns of forest loss since 1974 and predicted future forest loss to identify areas of conservation concern. We collected village population census data to assess population growth from 1979–2011. Historical vegetation mapping from 1974 was compared with Global Forest Change data from 2000–14. The geospatial drivers of forest loss were investigated using a generalised linear mixed model. Projected forest cover loss patterns in the islands were modelled in GEOMOD to the year 2030. Resident populations grew rapidly (6.0% per year, 1979–2011) but only a low rate of forest loss (e.g. −0.035% per year, Sudest Island) was observed between 1974 and 2014, restricted to low elevations near villages. Future modelling showed varied impacts on the remaining forest extents of the larger islands. The study offers a rare contemporary example of a biodiverse hotspot that has remained relatively secure. We concluded that local cultural and environmental settings of islands in the south-west Pacific can strongly determine the patterns and processes of forest cover change, and need to be considered in programs to conserve endemic diversity.
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McGinley, Kathleen A., Guy C. Robertson, and Kathleen S. Friday. "Examining the Sustainability of Tropical Island Forests: Advances and Challenges in Measurement, Monitoring, and Reporting in the U.S. Caribbean and Pacific." Forests 10, no. 11 (2019): 946. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f10110946.

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Forests across the U.S. and U.S. affiliated islands of the Caribbean and Pacific constitute rich and dynamic social-ecological systems that, while heterogeneous in many ways, share certain characteristics and trends that underscore the utility of sustainability assessments that go beyond single jurisdictional efforts. This paper summarizes a recent effort to assess the sustainability of tropical island forests of and politically affiliated with the U.S. using the Montréal Process criteria and indicator framework (MP C&I), which address ecological, social, economic, and institutional dimensions of forests. Forests cover 45 percent of the total area and more than 50 percent of each island jurisdiction, except Hawaii (36 percent). Forest cover is generally stable over much of the area in terms of recent reference conditions. The history of human occupation and land alteration is a prominent determinant of current conditions throughout the islands, which exhibit relatively high rates of threatened species in comparison to mainland counterparts and particularly where endemism is high. The islands also harbor significant areas of new or novel assemblages of native and non-native forest species, predominately on abandoned agricultural lands cleared of native forests long ago, which have been shown to contribute to the restoration of these degraded lands and provide many other ecosystem services at levels as high as and in some cases higher than native forests. Although industrial-level commercial timber harvest is small to nonexistent on most islands, socioeconomic and cultural linkages to forests are extensive but difficult to quantify. Amassing a foundation of data sufficient to address the MP C&I was challenging, in part due to the heterogeneity of the islands, island geography, and limited reporting capacities. We document significant improvements in the availability of data important for sustainability assessments in the last decade or so, especially with the extension of the U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service Forest Inventory and Analysis program to the islands. Likewise, we find the MP C&I to be a useful tool for organizing and presenting information important for assessing forest sustainability. Nevertheless, considerable data gaps remain in the areas of biodiversity, forest functions and processes, and socioeconomic conditions of forests, which are critical elements to track across the islands, particularly in the context of climate change and ongoing anthropogenic pressures.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Forest island"

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Nascimento, Marcelo T. "A monodominant rain forest on Maraca Island, Roraima, Brazil : forest structure and dynamics." Thesis, University of Stirling, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/21893.

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A forest type dominated by Peltogyne gracilipes Ducke (Caesalpiniaceae) occurs on Maraca Island on a range of soil types. Maraca is located in Roraima State (Brazil) in the Rio Uraricoera and has an area of about 100,000 ha. This study compares the structure and floristic composition of the Peltogyne forest with the most widespread lowland forest type on Maraca and investigates some factors that could be involved in the persistent monodominance of Peltogyne. Three 0.25 ha plots were set up in each of three forest types: Peltogyne-rich forest (PRF), Peltogyne-poor forest (PPF) and forest without Peltogyne (FWP). Within each plot all trees (~ 10 cm dbh) were recorded. Seedlings and saplings were sampled in sub-plots of 2 m x 1 m (seedlings) and 4 m x 4 m (saplings). In the PPF and FWP, Sapotaceae were the most important family with the highest dominance and relative density values. Caesalpiniaceae showed high values in the PRF and PPF. Licania kunthiana, Pradosia surinamensis and Simarouba amara occurred in the forest types. Peltogyne dominated had 20% of stems and 53% of the trees ~ 10 cm dbh, and 91% of the canopy layer the canopy in total basal stems and 97% in all the the PRF and area of all of the total basal area of individuals > 50 cm dbh. In PPF, Lecythis corrugata and Tetragastris panamensis were the most abundant species, followed by Peltogyne. In the FWP the most abundant trees (~ 10 cm dbh) were L. kunthiana and P. surinamensis. In general, Peltogyne had low rates of seed predation and herbivory, but suffered locally high levels of damage to its seeds by leaf-cutter ants and was once observed to have an infestation of larvae of the moth Eulepidotis phrygionia on its young leaves. Peltogyne had no allelopathic effects on tested species and had VA mycorrhizal associations. Its occurrence remains unexplained but is most clearly correlated with soil magnesium.
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Lin, Fang-yee. "'Islands' in an island: multiscale effects of forest fragmentation on lowland forest birds in Taiwan." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/50986.

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Intensive agricultural developments and increasing human population has caused severe lowland-forest loss and fragmentation in the western coastal plain in Taiwan over the past centuries. The goal of this study is to explore the multiscale impacts of forest fragmentation on species richness and community composition of lowland-forest birds in Taiwan. At a regional scale, Island Biogeography Theory was applied to examine area and isolation effects on species richness of lowland-forest birds using bird data derived from Breeding Bird Survey Taiwan in 2009 and 2010. I also investigate the differential responses of two functional groups (forest specialists and generalists) to area and isolation effects Furthermore, I examine the relative influences of environmental variables at regional, landscape and local scales on avian community indices and composition in northern Taiwan with a hierarchical multiscale approach. Finally, species vulnerable to forest fragmentation and the ecological traits associated with specie vulnerability to forest fragmentation were identified.<br /><br />Only forest specialist species responded to the regional-scale area and isolation effects. The species richness of forest specialists increased with the size of forest islands, and the community similarity of forest specialist species declined with increasing the distance from the sources of immigrants. Structurally isolated forests may not function as real habitat patches from the view of forest generalists because of their flexibility in utilizing the non-forest matrix. After accounting for the influences of environmental variables at other spatial scales, the regional-scale isolation effect still played a key role in determining avian community composition based on the  <br />presence/absence data set. But local-scale forest condition also explained a considerable amount of variability in the presence/absence data set. The regional-scale isolation effect, however, didn\'t show significant influences on community composition based on the abundance data set. In contrast, the landscape-scale variables explained the largest amount of variability in the abundance data set at the entire community level. There were six bird species (Parus varius, Dicrurus aeneus, Treron sieboldii, Pericrocotu solaris, Erporniszan tholeuca and Alcippe brunnea) whose occurrence and abundance were both vulnerable to forest fragmentation. Habitat specialization was the ecological traits most strongly associated with their vulnerability<br /><br>Ph. D.
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Germain, André Yvon. "Fertilization of stagnated sitka spruce plantations of northern Vancouver Island." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/24427.

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Extensive areas of Sitka spruce plantations established during the last 15 years on the CH-phase of the salal-moss ecosystem association on northern Vancouver Island are presently exhibiting symptoms of severe chlorosis and growth check. Investigations into the poor performance of these plantations are described in this thesis. Comparisons of the soil nutrient levels between this poorly productive CH-phase and the adjacent highly productive HA-phase were made. In addition, fertilization screening trials were established in order to identify possible limiting nutrients and determine the potential responsiveness of Sitka spruce to fertilization. Soil samples were collected over an age sequence of cutovers from both phases in order to compare differences in the soil nutrient status and to determine the effects of time since harvesting on N mineralization rates. Significantly greater amounts of total and available P and total, KC1 extractable, and mineralizable N (p=.01) were found in the mineral soil and humus of the HA-phase. The mineral soil of the HA-phase also had significantly higher (p=.05) concentrations of exchangeable K. In addition, this phase had a significantly lower (p=.01) C/N ratio. Although significant differences were noted in the mineral nutrient composition of the two phases, in all cases (with the possible exception of mineralizable N), the absolute differences between the two phases did not appear large enough to account for the dramatic differences in productivity. Harvesting plus slashburning appears to have had little effect on the rates of N mineralization in the humus or mineral soil of the HA-phase. However, in the CH-phase harvesting plus slashburning has had a significant influence on the mineralization rates of the humus but not of the mineral soil. Harvesting initially resulted in a significant (p=.05) increase in the mineralization rates, however, within five years they returned to levels comparable to that of the control. Fertilization screening trials were established in five Sitka spruce plantations ranging in age from 8 to 14 years. All plantations were growing on the CH-phase and were exhibiting symptoms of chlorosis and growth check. Changes in the first-year needle dry-weight, needle nutrient composition, and leader growth were monitored. Treatments for these trials consisted of a N, P, K factorial experiment, and one separate treatment of a complete nutrient mixture. Each treatment was replicated seven times in each of the five plantations. N or N plus K fertilization resulted in a 10% increase in needle dry-weight and a 25 to 30% increase in first-year leader growth response over that of the control. P fertilization had a strong synergistic effect and when added in combination with N or N plus K resulted in a needle dry-weight increase of 40 to 41% and a leader growth increase of 78 to 83%. A limited sample of naturally occurring hemlock in some of the plots exhibited similar trends, although leader growth increases were somewhat greater. Fertilization with P and K, alone or together, had no effect on leader growth or needle weight despite the severe deficiencies of these two elements. However, P had a positive influence on the uptake of N, K, Ca and Mg, whereas K positively affected Ca and depressed Mg. After N fertilization, foliar N concentrations increased dramatically, ranging from a mean of 3.2% for the lowest (200 kg N/ha) application rate to 4.1% for the highest (400 kg N/ha) application rate. The high foliar N concentrations had a significant negative influence on foliar K concentrations. This decline in K concentrations could only partially be attributed to a growth dilution effect and occurred whether or not K was added. A similar effect on P, Ca or Mg was not noted. The high N concentrations also appeared to have had a negative influence on both needle weight and leader growth as there was a tendency for the response of both to decline as N concentrations increased. There were significant differences in both leader growth and needle weight responses between some of the plantations, but treatments receiving both N and P fertilizers consistently gave the greatest responses. The individual treatment, however, which gave the greatest and most consistent overall response was that containing all macro- and micro-nutrients. Results from this study indicate that the poor performance of Sitka spruce plantations established on the CH-phase of the salal-moss ecosystem is partially due to a severe N and P deficiency. These deficiencies are associated with the complete invasion of these cutovers by salal. It has also been shown that the Sitka spruce in these plantations would be highly responsive to N and P fertilization. Although K does not appear to limit growth and no apparent benefits were gained from K fertilization, a severe N induced K deficiency is likely.<br>Forestry, Faculty of<br>Graduate
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Hilsendager, Kyle W. "Tourists' visual perceptions of forests and forest management in Vancouver Island and Tasmania." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/46571.

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In the past, forested areas have been used primarily for timber production. However, the recent growth of nature-based tourism has given monetary value to the recreation and scenic characteristics associated the forests in many places. This can lead to conflicts between forestry and tourism raising questions relating to the management of these two industries. What impact does forestry have on the perception of tourists in region’s that promote natural landscapes? Are certain tourist segments affected differently by the impacts of forestry in regions that market natural landscapes? How can forests be managed to ensure that tourism values are not compromised by other forest interests? To gain a better perspective of tourism and forestry related conflicts this investigation utilized a comparative case study method. The case study locations selected include Vancouver Island, Canada and Tasmania, Australia. At each destination visitors were surveyed at three types of attractions to understand differences in forestry perceptions between user groups. Forestry and tourism professionals from both regions were also interviewed. Vancouver Island and Tasmania were chosen because of the important role that both forestry and nature-based tourism play in shaping the economies of both places. Despite these similarities, differences exist in the way these two industries are managed. These differences were important for providing insight into management strategies that could be used to address these conflicts. Results suggest that forestry impacts have the potential to negatively impact upon visitor perceptions. However, this seems partly dependent upon the type of impact observed, as differences were noted between harvested areas, tree plantations, logging trucks and saw/pulp mills. Results from the different sample groups were compared to learn whether or not differences exist in the way that tourist user groups are affected by exposure to forestry impacts. Findings provided a limited amount of evidence to support this. Through the analysis of the semi-structured interviews a set of recommendations were developed to help assist forestry and tourism managers who may be dealing with similar land use conflicts. These recommendations would be useful for land managers in other jurisdictions where similar conflicts between forestry and tourism exist.
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Gagnon, Daniel. "Forest vegetation of west-central Vancouver Island, British Columbia." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/25796.

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The objective of this study was to quantitatively describe the structure, composition and ecological relationships of old-growth forests of west-central Vancouver Island. Data were obtained by sampling 172 plots, at elevations up to 1000 m, located within thirteen drainage areas. Hypothesized relationships between vegetation and environmental variation were examined using gradient analysis and multivariate methods. Successive reciprocal averaging ordination of the vegetation data led to the recognition of six vegetation groups (floodplain, subalpine, Pinus contorta, Pseudotsuga, Thuja, Abies) and twenty-three community types. Data from the tree, sapling, seedling, shrub, herb and bryophyte-lichen strata were used. Vegetation groups are differentiated along macro-climatic and soil parent material gradients. The vegetation of the Pseudotsuga group, dominant inland, appears to respond to gradients of elevation and soil moisture. The Thuja group is found only near the coast, and its vegetation varies along gradients of soil nutrients and elevation; soil moisture having little effect. The vegetation patterns of the Abies group are correlated to elevation and soil moisture. Canonical variates analyses revealed a close relationship between vegetational and environmental patterns within most vegetation groups. A precipitation continentality gradient was identified as the major determinant of modal vegetation variation. Along this gradient, alpha and beta diversity increased towards the drier and more continental interior as predicted. Tree size-class distribution data indicate that Pseudotsuga menziesii is a seral species in most community types. The dominance of Thuja plicata near the coast may be maintained because of its longevity and, possibly, its wind damage resistance. Attention is drawn to the ecological mechanisms operating in coastal forests which have important implications for their successful management.<br>Science, Faculty of<br>Botany, Department of<br>Graduate
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CAU, ALESSANDRO. "Deep coral forests from the Island of Sardinia." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11584/266561.

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Forests are major ecological structures of the terrestrial environment that enhance biodiversity through different kinds of specialized relations that exist between the vegetal canopy and organisms from all animal reigns. The concept of forest has recently been transplanted in the marine environment; marine forests share all ecological features of terrestrial forests. What is actually peculiar in the marine environment is the shift from the ‘vegetal’ forest in shallow depths (within the photic zone) to the ‘animal’ forest (dwelling in the circalittoral zone) throughout the depth gradient. ‘Animal forest’ concept refers to forests entirely constituted by animals, that substitute to the vegetal canopy in the three dimensional development of the habitat. Benthic suspension feeders are, in fact, the main contributors to the habitat biomass and create important three-dimensional structures that enhance the ecosystem’s overall complexity. Among factors controlling the horizontal distribution of such ecosystems, the geomorphology of the sea bottom is thought to be a key factor in the distribution of deep-sea coral as many coral species require hard substrates, particular light and current conditions. Through the combination of non-invasive techniques such as ROV footage coupled with multi-beam surveys in contrasting geological settings, this thesis aims to test (both at species and community level) if and how distribution and composition of coral forests dwelling in the mesophotic environment (from 50 to 200m depth) could be influenced by contrasting geological settings. Uni- and multivariate as well as multiple regression analyses were used to test for differences in alpha and beta biodiversity in roche du large ecosystems and canyons, which are the most common geological features along continental margins worldwide. Results revealed that, in contrast to what was previously reported in scientific literature, red coral populations are not structured along a bathymetric gradient but other intraspecific, interspecific and environmental interactions may shape the population structure. Investigations on communities emphasized a high variability at mesoscale (10s of km) that overcomes the macroscale (100s of km). In particular, tested environmental variables explain patterns of observed diversity, that is higher within the same geological feature rather than among contrasting geological settings. Finally, a ROV survey conducted over a roche du large ecosystem off Carloforte (SW Sardinia) revealed the presence of a pristine millennial black coral forest of Leiopathes glaberrima. The investigated site is a millennial deep coral oases as well as a nursery area for the spotted catshark Schyliorhinus canicula, which deserves special protection. Our results enhance knowledge on coral forests dwelling in the mesophotic environment and provide useful insights for recasting conservation strategies, both at species and community level.
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Newsome, Teresa Hardie. "Fertilization of western hemlock with nitrogen, phosphorus, and lime : a greenhouse study." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/24872.

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Western hemlock seedlings were grown for 8 months in a greenhouse with fertilizer amendments of N, P, N+P, and lime. Humus material was used as a growth medium. It was collected from low-productive sites identified by Lewis (1985) as the cedar-hemlock phase of the Thuja plicata - Tsuga heterophylla - Gautheria shallon - Rhytidiadelphusloreus ecosystem association unit designated as S1CH , on his ecosystem maps of Tree Farm Licences 6 and 25, which are located on northern Vancouver Island. A combination of 100 kg/ha N and 150 kg/ha P produced the most favourable seedling growth and foliar nutrient status. N or P added separately at these rates also gave superior seedling growth compared to the control. Neither lime, nor high rates of N (at 300 kg/ha with or without P) increased seedling growth. High N additions also restricted root development. N fertilization reduced foliar P concentrations, and P addition decreased foliar N concentrations. Foliar Mg concentrations increased when P fertilizers were added. N and/or P additions caused a decrease in foliar B concentrations. A combination of N and P increased foliar Zn concentrations and S, but reduced Mn absorption. Foliar R was inversely related to seedling productivity. Management recommendations for the S1CH sites include fertilizing with P, and increasing available N either by cultivation to increase mineralization or by low rates of N fertilization<br>Land and Food Systems, Faculty of<br>Graduate
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Gavin, Daniel Girard. "Holocene fire history of a coastal temperate rain forest, Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/5477.

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Green, Robert Norman. "Site-forest productivity relationships and their management implications in coastal lowland ecosystems of East Graham Island, Queen Charlotte Islands." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/27462.

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Relationships between soil, physiographic, floristic, and stand properties were examined in second-growth stands on a range of imperfectly to poorly drained ecosystems on east Graham Island, Queen Charlotte Islands. The major objective was to describe ecological factors associated with variation in tree growth, as expressed by site index of western redcedar. Cedar site index was found to be strongly correlated with soil nutrient content, particularly total N and exchangeable Mg, expressed on a kg/ha basis. Decreasing site index was associated with decreasing rooting depth, due to slowly permeable horizons, and poor soil aeration, reflected by high volumetric moisture content. A simple model using total N content and volumetric moisture content summarized the relationship between cedar site index and soil properties, and accounted for 78% of the site index variation. Three site index classes used as sampling strata (redcedar site index ≤ 15, 16-20, and >20 m/50 yrs. b.h. age) could be successfully differentiated by soil properties using discriminant analysis. Natural structure in the soils data revealed through principal components analysis and cluster analysis also reflected, with minor overlap, these three site index classes. Understory vegetation could be used to differentiate the poorest site index class, however the remaining two classes could not be floristically differentiated. A simple model relating cedar site index to reciprocal averaging scores derived from vegation data, and the frequency of the nutrient-medium indicator species group only explained 44% and 31% respectively of site index variation. Site index of Sitka spruce, western hemlock, and lodgepole pine were all highly correlated with redcedar site index. Hemlock and pine showed similar height growth patterns to cedar, while spruce was markedly different, showing slower height growth than cedar on poorer sites and greater height growth on better quality sites. The sensitivity of spruce to limiting site conditions was also reflected in its increasing stand volume composition with improving site quality. The sampled sites generally supported high stand volumes given the site limitations, with MAI averaging 5 m³ha⁻¹yr⁻¹ on the poorest sites (site index class 1) to 13 m³ha⁻¹yr⁻¹ on the best sites (site index class 3). Management strategies were recommended based on relationships observed in the study. Preferred tree species to manage are: for site index class 1 - cedar, pine, and hemlock; for site index class 2 - cedar, hemlock, pine, (with minor spruce); for site index class 3 - hemlock, spruce, cedar. Site productivity of these ecosystem may be improved by increasing the volume of aerated soil exploitable by tree roots. This could be achieved by site preparation which created relatively low, but wide mounds.<br>Forestry, Faculty of<br>Graduate
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Chapman, Linnaea R. A. "The long-term availability of large woody debris in logged stream channels and second-growth riparian forests on the west coast of Vancouver Island." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ39179.pdf.

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Books on the topic "Forest island"

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United States. Forest Service. Northeastern Research Station. Forest health monitoring in Rhode Island, 1996-1999. U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Research Station, 2002.

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Division, Prince Edward Island Forestry. Prince Edward Island state of the forest report, 1980-1990. Prince Edward Island, Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, 1993.

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Cook, Anthony E. The Cook Forest: An island in time. Falcon, 1996.

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Vigulu, Vaeno Wayne. The documentation of high conservation value forest, standards and procedures at Kolombangara Forest Products Limited, on Kolombangara Island. s.n.], 2011.

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Willem W. S Van Hees. Forest resources of Prince William Sound and Afognak Island, Alaska: Their character and ownership, 1978. U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 1989.

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ill, Ordaz Frank 1956, ed. Kangaroo Island: Story of an Australian mallee forest. Soundprints, 1998.

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(Alaska), Petersburg Ranger District, ed. Kupreanof Island analysis. The Service, 2000.

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(Alaska), Petersburg Ranger District, ed. Kupreanof Island analysis. The Service, 2000.

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Alerich, Carol L. Forest statistics for Rhode Island: 1985 and 1998. U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Research Station, 2000.

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Dickson, David R. Forest statistics for Rhode Island, 1972 and 1985. Northeastern Forest Experiment Station, 1988.

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Book chapters on the topic "Forest island"

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Kay, M. K. "Are Island Forests Vulnerable to Invasive Defoliators?" In Invasive Forest Insects, Introduced Forest Trees, and Altered Ecosystems. Springer Netherlands, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-5162-x_1.

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Rohani, Shahrudin, Siti Nabilah Othman, and Muhamad Razali Salam. "Community Structure and Diversity of Trees in Coastal Forest of Bidong Island, Terengganu." In Bidong Island. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-91924-5_5.

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Fahey, Barry, Rick Jackson, and Lindsay Rowe. "Hydrological Effects of Afforestation and Pasture Improvement in Montane Grasslands, South Island, New Zealand." In Environmental Forest Science. Springer Netherlands, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5324-9_43.

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Condit, Richard. "Species Distribution Maps from the 50 ha Plot at Barro Colorado Island." In Tropical Forest Census Plots. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-03664-8_14.

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Isa, Siti Suriawati, Mohd Husba Isa, and Sergey Grechkin. "Awareness and Conservation Program at an Ecotourism Site in Langkawi Island, Malaysia." In Forest Dynamics and Conservation. Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-0071-6_22.

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Cavallin, N., and L. Vasseur. "Red spruce forest regeneration dynamics across a gradient from Acadian forest to old field in Greenwich, Prince Edward Island National Park, Canada." In Forest Ecology. Springer Netherlands, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-2795-5_13.

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Cornelio, David Lopez. "Timber Volume Increments in the Woodlots of Guadalcanal Island." In Diversity and Dynamics in Forest Ecosystems. Apple Academic Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003145318-11.

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Cheng, Yikang, Wenxing Long, Chuchu Xiao, Huan Jiang, and Guang Feng. "Intraspecific Trait Variation Promoting Plant Community Assemblage in a Tropical Cloud Forest." In Tropical Cloud Forest Ecology in Hainan Island. Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-3655-5_8.

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Long, Wenxing, Runguo Zang, Xiaobo Yang, and Yi Ding. "Changes in Species Co-occurrence Patterns with Increasing Environmental Stress Across Two Types of Tropical Cloud Forest." In Tropical Cloud Forest Ecology in Hainan Island. Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-3655-5_7.

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Xiong, Menghui, Wenxing Long, Guang Feng, and Chuchu Xiao. "Exploring the Scale Dependence of Functional Trait Relationships." In Tropical Cloud Forest Ecology in Hainan Island. Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-3655-5_5.

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Conference papers on the topic "Forest island"

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Sopany, Mikael Reichi, Irvan Lewenusa, and Teny Handhayani. "Comparison of GRU and Random Forest Models in Predicting Meteorological Data on Sumatra Island." In 2025 International Conference on Computer Sciences, Engineering, and Technology Innovation (ICoCSETI). IEEE, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1109/icocseti63724.2025.11019750.

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Onyedikachi, Onyedikachi J., Adurogangan Saheed O., Adedoyin Samuel J., Abiala F. Olufisayo, and Isaac Adedamola F. "GEOSTATISTICAL MODELLING OF URBAN HEAT ISLAND EFFECT: ANALYSING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LAND USE PATTERNS AND LAND SURFACE TEMPERATURE IN LAGOS, NIGERIA." In 24th SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 2024. STEF92 Technology, 2024. https://doi.org/10.5593/sgem2024/2.1/s11.37.

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Rapid urbanization across Lagos, Nigeria has driven extensive land cover modifications with significant climatic impacts. This study analyzed interlinkages between land use land cover (LULC) transformations and land surface temperature (LST) shifts in the intensely developing Lagos suburb of Ikorodu from 1991-2021 utilizing robust geospatial techniques. Multi-spectral Landsat 5, 7 and 8 data enabled reliable LULC classification into five covers using a Random Forest algorithm. Subsetting the Ikorodu area facilitated localized change analyses across 1991, 2001, 2011 and 2021. LULC changes significantly impacted regional microclimates by altering surface energy budgets. Replacing vegetation with constructed materials increased LSTs while diminishing humidity via lower transpiration. Quantifying alteration magnitudes and spatial patterns provided crucial historical perspectives on urban expansion and climatic changes. Over 30 years, built-up area rose from 14% to 65% while vegetation declined from 52% to 9%, with LST increasing from 23.13�C to 27.21�C. Statistical analyses indicated LST strongly, and positively correlated with a Built-Up Index. Cooling prevailed on semi-rural peripheries with more intact vegetation. This research demonstrates and models LULC-LST interlinkages over years of swift development around Lagos, delivering a framework for crafting sustainable growth policies and balancing modernization goals with ecological stability. Explicit urban heat island effect mitigation strategies combining infrastructural adaptations and green space retention are recommended to promote regional climate resilience.
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Bantay, Kristine M., Christian G. Candido, and Ariel C. Blanco. "Mapping the benthic habitats of Boracay and Sta. Cruz Islands, Philippines using Sentinel-2 imagery and random forest classification in Google Earth Engine." In Active and Passive Remote Sensing of Oceans, Seas, and Lakes, edited by Kuo-Hsin Tseng, Robert J. Frouin, Jong-Kuk Choi, and Hiroshi Murakami. SPIE, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3039276.

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Siratarnsophon, Piyapath, Umarin Sangpanich, Theeraphong Srichiangsa, Uthane Supatti, Pairote Thongprasri, and Kulwadee Somboonviwat. "A Simple Timegpt-Enhanced Load Forecast Method for Optimal Power Flow in Islanded Microgrid Control." In 2024 IEEE International Smart Cities Conference (ISC2). IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/isc260477.2024.11004244.

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Straupe, Inga, Diāna Jansone, and Alīna Kozure. "Forest vegetation on the island of Upursala of lake Cirišs, Latvia." In Research for Rural Development 2024 : annual 30th international scientific conference. Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, 2024. https://doi.org/10.22616/rrd.30.2024.008.

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Only less than one percent of the territory of Latvia is occupied by broadleaved (trees having relatively wide flat leaves) forests. The aim of the research is to assess forest vegetation in the island of Upursala of Cirišs lake. The data is collected in four forest areas of the island. Totally 12 plots, each with an area of 200 m2 (20 x 20 m) have been created. In each plot, the accounting of growing trees and deadwood is carried out. The vegetation is measured in each forest area - the projective vegetation cover and cover of each plant species by tree, shrub, herb and moss layer are determined. The research founds that the average stock of growing trees on the island of Upursala is 565.8 m3 ha-1. The average amount of dead wood is 108 m3 ha-1, it consists mainly of fallen deadwood. Totally 45 species are listed in the vegetation plots, of which seven are determinants of European broadleaved forests. The largest number of determinant species of European broadleaved forests have been observed in stands with mixed forests (aspen - small-leaved lime – pedunculate oak, aspen – Scots pine - pedunculate oak and Scots pine – Silver birch – aspen). It can be argued that these stands will become the European broadleaved forests in the future.
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James H Dooley. "Interfacing Forest Engineering with Bioenergy Production." In 2008 Providence, Rhode Island, June 29 - July 2, 2008. American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.24928.

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J McFero Grace III and (or initial) (or initial). "Determining the Range of Acceptable Forest Road Erosion." In 2008 Providence, Rhode Island, June 29 - July 2, 2008. American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.24916.

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Cho, Hyen Goo. "CLAY MINERAL DISTRIBUTION IN THE SOUTHWESTERN CHEJU ISLAND MUD." In 13th SGEM GeoConference on WATER RESOURCES. FOREST, MARINE AND OCEAN ECOSYSTEMS. Stef92 Technology, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2013/bc3/s15.001.

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Ivanov, Alexander V. "Impacts of freezing rain on forest plantations on Russkiy island." In Агропромышленный комплекс: проблемы и перспективы развития. Дальневосточный государственный аграрный университет, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.22450/9785964205470_2_47.

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Grant, George W., and Joel D. Barker. "ARCTIC CLIMATIC RECONSTRUCTION USING A PLIOCENE FOREST DEPOSIT, ELLESMERE ISLAND, CANADA." In GSA Annual Meeting in Seattle, Washington, USA - 2017. Geological Society of America, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2017am-307651.

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Reports on the topic "Forest island"

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Berkowitz, Jacob, Matthew Blanchard, Kevin Philley, Nathan Beane, and Sydney Bufkin. Habitat and Landcover Classification and Maritime Forest Restoration Recommendations for Deer Island, Mississippi. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/49422.

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This report addresses two objectives: (1) an island-wide survey and mapping initiative to document habitat and landcover types present on Deer Island, Mississippi, and (2) an evaluation of forested resources on Deer Island along with recommendations to improve and expand the extent of maritime forests on the island. Diverse habitats were documented, including more than 30 distinct habitat and landcover types ranging from wetland marshes to maritime forests and sand ridges. The habitat and landcover survey (and accompanying maps) support ongoing and future ecosystem restoration activities, provides baseline data to conduct change analysis over time, and informs decision-making related to the management of the island’s natural resources. Additionally, the characterization of Deer Island’s forests documented a range of forest health conditions dictated by elevation gradients, soils, invasive species presence, and other factors. Collectively, the data presented inform ongoing planning efforts related to restoration activities on the island as well as future management opportunities to ensure Deer Island continues to provide ecological functions that benefit the community of Biloxi, Mississippi. The results and recommendations herein are broadly applicable to other barrier islands across the northern Gulf region and promotes additional research into the ecology of these unique coastal features.
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McFarlane, Aaron, Nia Hurst, Carina Jung, and Charles Theiling. Evaluating soil conditions to inform Upper Mississippi River floodplain restoration projects. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/48451.

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The US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) has designed and constructed thousands of acres of ecosystem restoration features within the Upper Mississippi River System. Many of these projects incorporate island construction to restore geomorphic diversity and habitat, including floodplain forests. Soils are the foundation of the ecological function and successful establishment of floodplain forests as they are the basis through which plants obtain water and nutrients and provide critical ecosystem services. To improve floodplain forest island restoration outcomes, three natural and four recently (&lt;10 years) constructed restoration sites were studied to compare soil physical, chemical, microbial, and fungal characteristics. Constructed islands had lower soil organic matter and dissolved organic carbon and differed in nutrient concentrations, bacterial assemblages, and fungal communities compared to reference sites. However, soil enzyme activity and some microbial community characteristics were functionally similar between the natural and created sites. Results align with previously established restoration trajectory theories where hydrological and basic microbial ecosystem functions are restored almost immediately, but complex biologically mediated and habitat functions require more time to establish. Data from this and future studies will help increase the long-term success of USACE floodplain forest restoration, improve island design, and help develop region-specific restoration trajectory curves to better anticipate the outcomes of floodplain forest creation projects.
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Dickson, David R., Carol L. McAfee, and Carol L. McAfee. Forest statistics for Rhode Island--1972 and 1985. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Forest Experimental Station, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/ne-rb-104.

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Alerich, Carol L., and Carol L. Alerich. Forest statistics for Rhode Island: 1985 and 1998. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Research Station, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/ne-rb-149.

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Dickson, David R., Carol L. McAfee, and Carol L. McAfee. Forest statistics for Rhode Island--1972 and 1985. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Forest Experimental Station, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/ne-rb-104.

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Brandeis, Thomas J., Elvia J. Meléndez-Ackerman, and Eileen H. Helmer. Forest vegetation cover assessment on Mona Island, Puerto Rico. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southern Research Station, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/srs-gtr-165.

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Tarnocai, C., and C. A. S. Smith. Paleosols of the Fossil Forest area, Axel Heiberg Island. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/131954.

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Brandeis, Thomas J., Elvia J. Meléndez-Ackerman, and Eileen H. Helmer. Forest vegetation cover assessment on Mona Island, Puerto Rico. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southern Research Station, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/srs-gtr-165.

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Boyle, M., and Elizabeth Rico. Terrestrial vegetation monitoring at Cumberland Island National Seashore: 2020 data summary. National Park Service, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2294287.

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The Southeast Coast Network (SECN) conducts long-term terrestrial vegetation monitoring as part of the nationwide Inventory and Monitoring Program of the National Park Service (NPS). The vegetation community vital sign is one of the primary-tier resources identified by SECN park managers, and it is currently conducted at 15 network parks (DeVivo et al. 2008). Monitoring plants and their associated communities over time allows for targeted understanding of ecosystems within the SECN geography, which provides managers information about the degree of change within their parks’ natural vegetation. 2020 marks the first year of conducting this monitoring effort at Cumberland Island National Seashore (CUIS). Fifty-six vegetation plots were established throughout the park from May through July. Data collected in each plot included species richness across multiple spatial scales, species-specific cover and constancy, species-specific woody stem seedling/sapling counts and adult tree (greater than 10 centimeters [3.9 inches {in}]) diameter at breast height (DBH), overall tree health, landform, soil, observed disturbance, and woody biomass (i.e., fuel load) estimates. This report summarizes the baseline (year 1) terrestrial vegetation data collected at Cumberland Island National Seashore in 2020. Data were stratified across three dominant broadly defined habitats within the park, including Coastal Plain Upland Open Woodlands, Maritime Open Upland Grasslands, and Maritime Upland Forests and Shrublands. Noteworthy findings include: 213 vascular plant taxa (species or lower) were observed across 56 vegetation plots, including 12 species not previously documented within the park. The most frequently encountered species in each broadly defined habitat included: Coastal Plain Upland Open Woodlands: longleaf + pond pine (Pinus palustris; P. serotina), redbay (Persea borbonia), saw palmetto (Serenoa repens), wax-myrtle (Morella cerifera), deerberry (Vaccinium stamineum), variable panicgrass (Dichanthelium commutatum), and hemlock rosette grass (Dichanthelium portoricense). Maritime Open Upland Grasslands: wax-myrtle, saw greenbrier (Smilax auriculata), sea oats (Uniola paniculata), and other forbs and graminoids. Maritime Upland Forests and Shrublands: live oak (Quercus virginiana), redbay, saw palmetto, muscadine (Muscadinia rotundifolia), and Spanish moss (Tillandsia usneoides) Two non-native species, Chinaberry (Melia azedarach) and bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum), categorized as invasive by the Georgia Exotic Pest Plant Council (GA-EPPC 2018) were encountered in four different Maritime Upland Forest and Shrubland plots during this monitoring effort. Six vascular plant species listed as rare and tracked by the Georgia Department of Natural Resources (GADNR 2022) were observed in these monitoring plots, including the state listed “Rare” Florida swampprivet (Forestiera segregata var. segregata) and sandywoods sedge (Carex dasycarpa) and the “Unusual” green fly orchid (Epidendrum conopseum). Longleaf and pond pine were the most dominant species within the tree stratum of Coastal Plain Upland Open Woodland habitat types; live oak was the most dominant species of Maritime Upland Forest and Shrubland types. Saw palmetto and rusty staggerbush (Lyonia ferruginea) dominated the sapling stratum within Maritime Upland Forest and Shrubland habitat types. Of the 20 tree-sized redbay trees measured during this monitoring effort only three were living and these were observed with severely declining vigor, indicating the prevalence and recent historical impact of laurel wilt disease (LWD) across the island’s maritime forest ecosystems. There was an unexpectedly low abundance of sweet grass (Muhlenbergia sericea) and saltmeadow cordgrass (Spartina patens) within interdune swale plots of Maritime Open Upland habitats on the island, which could be a result of grazing activity by feral horses. Live oak is the dominant tree-sized species across...
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Sprague, Joshua, David Kushner, James Grunden, Jamie McClain, Benjamin Grime, and Cullen Molitor. Channel Islands National Park Kelp Forest Monitoring Program: Annual report 2014. National Park Service, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2293855.

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Channel Islands National Park (CHIS) has conducted long-term ecological monitoring of the kelp forests around San Miguel, Santa Rosa, Santa Cruz, Anacapa and Santa Barbara Islands since 1982. The original permanent transects were established at 16 sites between 1981 and 1986 with the first sampling beginning in 1982, this being the 33rd year of monitoring. An additional site, Miracle Mile, was established at San Miguel Island in 2001 by a commercial fisherman with assistance from the park. Miracle Mile was partially monitored from 2002 to 2004, and then fully monitored (using all KFM protocols) since 2005. In 2005, 16 additional permanent sites were established to collect baseline data from inside and adjacent to four marine reserves that were established in 2003. Sampling results from all 33 sites mentioned above are included in this report. Funding for the Kelp Forest Monitoring Program (KFM) in 2014 was provided by the National Park Service (NPS). The 2014 monitoring efforts utilized 49 days of vessel time to conduct 1,040 dives for a total of 1,059 hours of bottom time. Population dynamics of a select list of 71 “indicator species” (consisting of taxa or categories of algae, fish, and invertebrates) were measured at the 33 permanent sites. In addition, population dynamics were measured for all additional species of fish observed at the sites during the roving diver fish count. Survey techniques follow the CHIS Kelp Forest Monitoring Protocol Handbook (Davis et al. 1997) and an update to the sampling protocol handbook currently being developed (Kushner and Sprague, in progress). The techniques utilize SCUBA and surface-supplied-air to conduct the following monitoring protocols: 1 m2 quadrats, 5 m2 quadrats, band transects, random point contacts, fish transects, roving diver fish counts, video transects, size frequency measurements, and artificial recruitment modules. Hourly temperature data were collected using remote temperature loggers at 32 sites, the exception being Miracle Mile where there is no temperature logger installed. This annual report contains a brief description of each site including any notable observations or anomalies, a summary of methods used, and monitoring results for 2014. All the data collected during 2014 can be found in the appendices and in an Excel workbook on the NPS Integrated Resource Management Applications (IRMA) portal. In the 2013 annual report (Sprague et al. 2020) several changes were made to the appendices. Previously, annual report density and percent cover data tables only included the current year’s data. Now, density and percent cover data are presented in graphical format and include all years of available monitoring data. Roving diver fish count (RDFC), fish size frequency, natural habitat size frequency, and Artificial Recruitment Module (ARM) size frequency data are now stored on IRMA at https://irma.nps.gov/DataStore/Reference/Profile/2259651. The temperature data graphs in Appendix L include the same graphs that were used in past reports, but include additional violin plot sections that compare monthly means from the current year to past years. In addition to the changes listed above, the layout of the discussion section was reordered by species instead of by site. The status of kelp forests differed among the five park islands. This is a result of a combination of factors including but not limited to, oceanography, biogeography and associated differences in species abundance and composition, as well as sport and commercial fishing pressure. All 33 permanent sites were established in areas that had or were historically known to have had kelp forests in the past. In 2014, 15 of the 33 sites monitored were characterized as developing kelp forest, kelp forest or mature kelp forest. In addition, three sites were in a state of transition. Two sites were part kelp forest and part dominated by Strongylocentrotus purpuratus...
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