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Journal articles on the topic 'Forest owners'
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1
Seunguk, Shin, and Youn Yeo-Chang. "Perspectives of Private Forest Owners toward Investment in Forest Carbon Offset Projects: A Case of Geumsan-Gun, South Korea." Forests 10, no. 1 (December 31, 2018): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f10010021.
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Understanding and promoting South Korean private forest owners’ investment in the Forest Carbon Offset (FCO) scheme is crucial for enhancing carbon sequestration using forests in South Korea. This study aims to identify the factors of private forest owners associated with the investment decision in FCO projects. A total of 132 forest owners in Geumsan-gun, Chungcheongnam-do responded to a mixed-method survey. A chi-square test on the respondent groups shows that a forest management contract has a positive correlation with the forest owners’ willingness to invest in FCO projects. We also developed a logistic regression model for each forest owner group to estimate the effects of forest characteristics, experience of financial support, forest owner characteristics, and management characteristics on the forest owners’ willingness to invest in FCO projects. The results indicate that beliefs in climate change, size of forest holdings, tree species, stand age, experience in cost-sharing for forestry operations with public agencies, and timber harvest experience were significantly associated with the likelihood of a forest owner’s willingness to invest in FCO projects. Therefore, forest policies should take account of the factors influencing the likelihood of forest owners’ investment in FCO projects. We also found that the forest management contract scheme can be used as a policy instrument for promoting private forest owners’ action for climate change in South Korea.
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Wellstead, Adam M., M. Paul Brown, and Derek D. MacFarlane. "Exploring woodlot owner managing and marketing decisions: Implications for Nova Scotia forest policy." Forestry Chronicle 75, no. 1 (February 1, 1999): 87–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc75087-1.
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Since 1995, the government of Nova Scotia has had to develop woodlot owner management programs that encourage timber production without depending on cost-shared Federal-Provincial agreements. These new programs must be as cost-effective as possible. A possible policy tool to overcome these new challenges would be the development of a method of identifying those woodlot owners who would be most willing to participate in management programs. Using data from a province-wide woodlot owner survey, two logit models, based on the woodlot owner's characteristics, determine the likelihood that management and marketing activity will be undertaken. The management logit model identified those owners who had received advice, who sold wood products from their woodlots in the past five years, or owned larger than average-sized woodlots as most likely to engage in management activity. The marketing logit model identified those wood-lot owners who were aware of existing programs, who managed, sold Christmas trees, logging contractors, members of group ventures, or owned larger than average-sized woodlots as more likely to sell forest products. Key words: Nova Scotia, woodlot owner characteristics, logit analysis, forest policy
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Bashir, Altamash, Hanne K. Sjølie, and Birger Solberg. "Determinants of Nonindustrial Private Forest Owners’ Willingness to Harvest Timber in Norway." Forests 11, no. 1 (January 4, 2020): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f11010060.
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In Norway, 84% of the productive forest is privately owned, and these forests dominate the supply of timber to industries. However, during last 80 years, annual forest growth has seen a substantial upsurge while annual timber harvest has been rather stable, generating an increasing potential for timber supply. In this study, we provide new insights to better understand Norwegian non-industrial private forest owners’ timber harvesting decisions. This was achieved by comparing the outcomes of two different statistical approaches (i.e., a combination of probit-linear models with a tobit model). These approaches are commonly applied in timber supply studies, but to the best of our knowledge have never been compared on the same dataset. The survey utilized for this study constitutes a population of Active and Inactive forest owners, based on whether the owner had harvested timber for sale during the last fifteen years. Two gross samples of 1500 and 1650 were drawn, with response rates of 56% and 49% for the Active and Inactive owner samples, respectively. The study results reveal that the average holding size varied from 25.2 ha for Inactive to 49.5 ha for both samples and 73.8 ha for Active owners. The probit model analysis indicated that knowledge of forest fund and financial objectives had the most significant impact on the willingness to harvest, with marginal effects of 11% and 12%, respectively. In the linear regression, being a male owner increased the historical timber supply by 1.48 m3 ha−1 year−1 compared to female ownership. In the second regression pathway (tobit model), the two variables male forest owner and owning forests for financial objectives triggered the supply of timber by 1.85 m3 ha−1 year−1 and 1.25 m3 ha−1 year−1, respectively. Timber prices were significant in the linear model (elasticity 1.18) and tobit model (elasticity 0.66), whereas they were non-significant in the probit model. Our study concludes that Active owners had a better understanding of acknowledging forests for economic security. Policy-makers and extension services should recognize that the Inactive forest owner group may require different actions than Active owners.
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Pan, Yi, Yaoqi Zhang, and Brett J. Butler. "Trends Among Family Forest Owners in Alabama, 1994–2004." Southern Journal of Applied Forestry 31, no. 3 (August 1, 2007): 117–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sjaf/31.3.117.
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Abstract There are an estimated 432,000 family forest owners in Alabama and they control 67% of the State's forestland. About two-thirds owned less than 10 ac. and about 88% of the family forest owners have holdings of less than 50 ac; collectively, this group of owners with 1–49 ac of forestland own 15% of Alabama's family forestland. The corollary to this finding is that a majority (85%) of the state's family forestland is owned by the minority (12%) of owners who own 50 ac or more. Between 1994 and 2004, the amount of forestland owned by family forest owners with small (less than 10 ac) and large (more than 500 ac) forest holdings increased, while the total area of forestland owned by people with intermediate-size holdings, in general, decreased. Compared with 10 years ago, the number of family forest owners 45–54 years old is higher but they tend to own smaller parcels of forestland. During the same period, the number of owners 65 years or older decreased, but, on average, the size of their holdings increased. Recreation and investments have become more important objectives of ownership, whereas timber production as a primary ownership objective decreases. The probability of an owner having harvested trees, having a management plan, or having sought forest management advice increased as the size of the forest holding increased.
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Castonguay, Mario, Josée Pâquet, Gisèle Bélanger, Augustin Lebeau, and Marie-Josée Coupal. "La tempête de verglas de 1998: les programmes forestiers au Québec." Forestry Chronicle 77, no. 4 (August 1, 2001): 599–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc77599-4.
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In January 1998, a severe ice storm seriously damaged private forests in southern Quebec. The federal and provincial governments agreed to implement three special assistance programs for the owners of forests and farmland. On-site application of the government measures has been entrusted to the six agencies for private forest development in the regions affected by the ice storm. The assistance consists mainly of providing eligible owners with training, consulting and technical services and in providing financial support for the restoration and regeneration of heavily damaged forests. Keywords: forest restoration, forest development, forest owner, biodiversity, financial assistance program, agency for private forest development
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Trozzo, Katie E., John F. Munsell, James L. Chamberlain, Michael A. Gold, and Kim L. Niewolny. "Forest Farming: Who Wants In?" Journal of Forestry 119, no. 5 (May 6, 2021): 478–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jofore/fvab023.
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Abstract Forest farming is an agroforestry practice defined as the intentional cultivation of nontimber forest products (NTFPs) underneath a forest canopy. Forest farming perspectives and preferences among family forest owners are generally understudied, particularly in Appalachia, where many marketable native NTFPs species are found. We surveyed Appalachian family forest owners in 14 Southwest Virginia counties about their interest in forest farming and likelihood of leasing land for this purpose. We also asked about the owner’s residency and historical connection to the region as well as contemporary land uses, and identified the following types of uses: absentee and vacationers, newcomers, longtime farming residents, and longtime nonfarming residents. We mailed 1,040 surveys and 293 were returned (28.9%). Forty-five percent were interested or extremely interested in forest farming and 36% were likely or extremely likely to lease land. Rates of interest in forest farming and leasing were similar across owner types, suggesting broad appeal among family forest owners.
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Schram, Benjamin, Karen Potter-Witter, Emily Huff, and Jagdish Poudel. "Family Forest Owner Management Decisions for Participants Enrolled in a Forest Property Taxation Program in Michigan." Forests 12, no. 1 (December 30, 2020): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f12010035.
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Family forest owners affect the ecosystem services that forests provide and, thus, their management decisions are of interest to the forestry sector. There are many programs available to help family forest owners reduce the management costs, some of which involve a reduced tax burden in exchange for active management. Research Highlights: this study is the first to examine the family forest owners enrolled in a statewide forest property taxation program in Michigan in order to understand how parcel characteristics affect management decisions. Background and Objectives: the goal is to understand the relationships between parcel characteristics and family forest owner management decisions for these program enrollees. Materials and Methods: a dataset of enrollment information was compiled and cleaned, which resulted in 20,915 unique forest stands in the state. Key variables analyzed via multinomial regression include stand condition, size, density, forest types, and forest practices. Results: region, forest type, and stand size significantly predicted forest practices. Conclusions: given that stand and parcel characteristics significantly predict forest practice, it may be useful to use these data, rather than self-reported management data from the owners themselves in order to understand future management trajectories of private forests. These data also describe forest practices of enrollees in a tax program, demonstrating that the program is successfully incentivizing management and shedding light on how these programs can promote conservation and stewardship of private forests.
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Boni, Jan. "La diversité de la propriété forestière privée dans le canton de Neuchâtel | The diversity of privately owned forests in Canton Neuchâtel." Schweizerische Zeitschrift fur Forstwesen 157, no. 7 (July 1, 2006): 287–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3188/szf.2006.0287.
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The Canton of Neuchâtel has more than 12 000 ha privately owned forests. Some of the private owners are at the head of patrimonial forests. The diminution of revenues from the sale of wood combined with an intensification and diversification of increasing demand for the non-material aspects of the forest encourage certain owners to throw themselves into forest management with a particular aim. Some owners have a questing soul, experimenting and studying their forests. Faced with the choice of ways to realise these goals, the most suitable and most widely spread is a multifunctional management by the means of near-to-nature silviculture. It is by mastering these principles that the forest professional is and will continue to be an acknowledged and estimated forest expert.
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Korená Hillayová, Michaela, Klara Báliková, Blanka Giertliová, Josef Drábek, and Ján Holécy. "Possibilities of forest property insurance against the risk of fire in Slovakia." Journal of Forest Science 67, No. 5 (May 12, 2021): 204–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/199/2020-jfs.
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Fire is considered one of the major natural hazards that damages European forests and causes losses for forest owner. The forest fires endanger the financial stability of forest enterprises, which may cause their economic decline. One possibility how to cover these losses is to insure forest land against this kind of specific risk of forest land management. The aim of the present paper is to analyse possibilities of forest fire insurance for forest owners and enterprises in the Slovak private insurance market. The market analysis was based on document analysis of general terms and insurance conditions of chosen private insurance companies and interviews with insurance agents. The results show that forest owners and enterprises have only few options for forest property insurance concerning the specific risk of forest fires. Only one commercial insurance company provides such forest fire insurance product for forest owners. This insurance covers material damage to forest land and timber damage.
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Henry, William A., and John C. Bliss. "Timber Harvesting, Regeneration, and Best Management Practices Among West Central Alabama NIPF Owners." Southern Journal of Applied Forestry 18, no. 3 (August 1, 1994): 116–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sjaf/18.3.116.
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Abstract Timber harvesting, forest regeneration, and best management practices have major environmental and productivity impacts on NIPF lands in the South. This paper presents data on NIPF owner's knowledge and implementation of such practices. Satellite imagery was used to locate recent clearcut tracts on NIPF land in west-central Alabama. Forest regeneration, waterway protection, and other measures of site condition were determined by field inspection. Fifty-two tract owners responded to a mail survey questionnaire which included demographic, forest practices, attitudinal, and forestry knowledge questions. Comparison of survey responses with field inspection reveals that NIPF owners who are satisfied with postharvest conditions in their forests are inclined to regenerate harvested stands and plan future harvests. Most owners appear knowledgeable about the regeneration status of their forests and have taken steps to achieve regeneration. In contrast, few owners recognize the need for best management practices (BMPs) to protect adjacent waterways, and fewer still have implemented adequate BMPs. South. J. Appl. For. 18(3):116-121.
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Dennings, Kelley, and Jennifer Tabanico. "Research Into Woodland Owners’ Use of Sustainable Forest Management to Inform Campaign Marketing Mix." Social Marketing Quarterly 23, no. 2 (March 21, 2017): 185–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1524500417697655.
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Thirty-five percent of forestland in the United States is owned by individuals. The purpose of this research was to identify woodland owners’ barriers to harvesting trees using the advice of a forester. Harvesting trees with the advice of a forester ensures a sustainable harvest that meets the needs of the woodland owner as the forester makes recommendations depending on what the woodland owner wants to gain from their land. The research further informed the marketing mix by identifying woodland owners’ perceptions about trusted communication channels, providing a framework for segmenting the audience, and pointing to viable outreach strategies for rural interventions. Results of mail (New England) and telephone (Mississippi) surveys indicated that selling trees for income was the lowest rated land use activity reported by woodland owners. Additionally, across both regions, the surveys indicated that the primary barrier to using a forester involved some form of distrust. When comparing trusted sources of information across the two regions, forestry experts were rated similarly, but family and other woodland owners were perceived as more trustworthy in New England compared to Mississippi. Both groups preferred to receive information in written form, a preference that was almost twice as high as receiving an e-mail. This research provides the foundation for a marketing mix, improves the conservation community’s body of knowledge regarding woodland owner’s barriers to sustainable forest management actions, and provides broad recommendations for practitioners to use going forward.
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Butler, Sarah M., John Schelhas, and Brett J. Butler. "Minority Family Forest Owners in the United States." Journal of Forestry 118, no. 1 (November 30, 2019): 70–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jofore/fvz060.
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Abstract Family forest owners own more forestland in the United States than any other group. There have been no national studies of racial and ethnic minority family forest owners in the United States, in spite of increasing attention to diversity in forestry. Using the US Forest Service’s National Woodland Owner Survey data, we sought to better understand minority owners by looking at their characteristics, attitudes, and behaviors. Of the over 4 million family forest ownerships with 10+ ac in the United States, minorities comprise 6.6 percent of the ownerships and own 5.1 percent of the 265 million ac. Although many similarities exist between minority and nonminority owners, such as reasons for owning land and concerns, minority landowners tend to be more regionally located, have smaller forest holdings, are less likely to manage their forests, and are less likely to have participated in assistance programs. Broad insight into the attitudes and behaviors of minority family forest owners can help policymakers, program directors, and outreach coordinators begin to understand the needs of minority landowners, providing this historically underserved group with tools they need to attain their forest management and land-use goals. By increasing minority landowner engagement, we can hopefully slow the loss of land by minority landowners.
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Bouriaud, Laura, and Franz Schmithüsen. "Allocation of Property Rights on Forests through Ownership Reform and Forest Policies in Central and Eastern European Countries." Schweizerische Zeitschrift fur Forstwesen 156, no. 8 (August 1, 2005): 297–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.3188/szf.2005.0297.
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The study applies some concepts of the economics of property rights to the allocation of rights on forests in Central and Eastern European countries. The classification of forest assets, according to their economic characteristics and the analytical framework proposed by SCHLAGER & OSTROM (1992), are used to examine the impact of ownership reforms and policy changes on forest utilisation in the CEE region. It is shown that while reform ownership reforms deal with the formal definition of rights on forestland, new forest policies more properly define the economic rights, e.g. the owner's ability to make a profit from the assets he owns. The conclusions argue that the combination of property and liability rules, applied to ensure the procurement of environmental services, can efficiently allocate forest resources. However, the rules on forest utilisation are formulated collectively in public policy-driven decision making processes in which private forest owners are not yet able to adequately participate. Measures must be adopted to facilitate more effective participation of private land owners in political processes in order to balance the presently ongoing trends of considering forests, irrespective to the legal regime of ownership,as a common-pool resource.
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Eriksson, Louise, and Clas Fries. "The Knowledge and Value Basis of Private Forest Management in Sweden: Actual Knowledge, Confidence, and Value Priorities." Environmental Management 66, no. 4 (July 21, 2020): 549–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00267-020-01328-y.
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Abstract With growing demands on forests, there is a need to understand the drivers of managing the forest for diverse objectives, such as production, recreation, and climate adaptation. The aim of this study was to examine the knowledge and value basis of forest management behaviors, including different management strategies and management inactivity, among private forest owners in Sweden. Different dimensions of knowledge (declarative and procedural knowledge, assessed in terms of objective and subjective knowledge measures) and value priorities (basic values and forest values), as well as the role of forest owner identity, were examined. The study was conducted by means of a postal questionnaire to a random sample of private forest owners in Sweden (n = 3000, response rate 43%). The distinctions between actual knowledge (objective knowledge), confidence (subjective knowledge), and value priorities, in addition to the hierarchical structure of how these factors are linked to management behaviors, proved to be valuable. Results revealed that different knowledge dimensions and value priorities were jointly important for forest management behaviors. In addition, the role of forest owner identity for management behaviors was confirmed. Insights from the study may be used to develop policy and outreach to private forest owners and thereby facilitate different forest functions in private forestry.
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de Groot, Maarten, Jurij Diaci, Kaja Kandare, Nike Krajnc, Rok Pisek, Špela Ščap, Darja Stare, and Nikica Ogris. "Private Forest Owner Characteristics Affect European Spruce Bark Beetle Management under an Extreme Weather Event and Host Tree Density." Forests 12, no. 3 (March 15, 2021): 346. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f12030346.
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In the last few decades, an increasing number and intensity of bark beetle outbreaks have plagued the forests of Europe and North America. Bark beetle management is directly related to forest owner characteristics, although this relationship is not well understood. The purpose of the study was to investigate the influence of forest owner characteristics on the amount and timing of sanitary felling under different disturbance regimes and quantities of Norway spruce. We combined different databases on sanitary felling, the timing of sanitary felling, and forest owner characteristics for Slovenia from 2014 to 2018 and analyzed the amount and timing of sanitary felling in relation to forest owner characteristics. We found that the timing in winter and the amount of sanitary felling were positively associated with the distance of the owner’s residence to the forest parcel. Larger parcels were more affected by bark beetles but did not have later timing of cutting in the summer period as was hypothesized. The timing of sanitary felling decreased with property size, while with the probability of sanitary felling, the effect of property depended on the ice storm and the amount of spruce. The size of the settlement, the permanent address of the private owner, and timing of sanitary felling were positively associated but also depended on the amount of spruce. Gender and age did not have an important influence on the amount and timing of sanitary felling. Forest owners are an important factor in effective bark beetle management. This study highlights the private forest ownership characteristics that should be emphasized in order to fight bark beetle outbreaks in the event of large-scale disturbances. Governments should support forest owners who are at greater risk of bark beetle outbreaks and less efficient in managing outbreaks. Furthermore, landowner characteristics should be included when forecasting bark beetle outbreaks.
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Zabel, Astrid, and Alexandra Dittgen. "Privatwaldeigentümer mit und ohne landwirtschaftlichen Hintergrund im Kanton Bern." Schweizerische Zeitschrift fur Forstwesen 165, no. 12 (December 1, 2014): 377–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3188/szf.2014.0377.
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Private forest owners with and without agricultural background in the canton of Bern In Switzerland, private forest ownership was traditionally closely tied to agricultural farms. With the ongoing structural change in the agricultural sector, there is a growing number of private forest owners who do not have an agricultural background. In order to design policy measures, e.g. to increase wood harvest in private forests, it is necessary to understand the aims and motivations of these owners. This paper investigates to what extent private forest owners without an agricultural background differ from those with such a background. The analysis builds on empirical data collected in a representative, mail survey among private forest owners in the canton of Bern. Contrary to a wide-spread assertion that forest owners without an agricultural background have little forest-specific knowledge and lack interest in their forests, this study finds that they are often interested and estimate to have a high degree of knowledge. In accordance with studies conducted in Austria and Germany the results show that to forest owners without an agricultural background generating income from their forests is often a secondary goal. Leisure and recreation are often given higher priority.
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Dobsinska, Zuzana, and Zuzana Sarvasova. "Perceptions of Forest Owners and the General Public on the Role of Forests in Slovakia." Acta Silvatica et Lignaria Hungarica 12, no. 1 (June 1, 2016): 23–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aslh-2016-0003.
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AbstractDuring the past decades, the awareness of environmental issues in forest management is increasing due to changes in environmental education. The perceptions of forests, sustainable management, and ecosystem services were studied through two surveys. The general public and forest owners were the two target groups. The questionnaires had similar questions, though two different methodological approaches were used - the CATI system, for general public opinion survey, and semi-structured questionnaires for forest owners. The second survey contained more detailed questions regarding forest properties. Combined answers from 1503 respondents from the general public and 150 forest owners were evaluated on the following topics: sustainable forestry, major ecosystem services, and perceptions of forests. The majority of the Slovakian public regards ecological values as the most important element, whereas forest owners prefer the economic purposes for the maintenance and enhancement of forests. Forest owners tend to visit their forests once per week, whereas the general public tend to visit only once per month. The main cause for this non-attendance in the general public was a lack of recreational time, followed by a disinterest in forests. The main purpose for visiting forests for both groups was recreation. Overall, it can be concluded that people are mostly satisfied with forest management in Slovakia. Forest owners are satisfied with their forest properties, and plan to keep them for their children. In the future, more attention should be focused on investigating the younger generation’s perception of forests.
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Richard, Pek, Riedl Marcel, and Jarský Vilém. "Innovative approaches in forest management – the application of a business model to designing a small-scale forestry strategy." Journal of Forest Science 63, No. 9 (September 21, 2017): 393–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/17/2017-jfs.
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The strong market competition forces forest owners to find innovative approaches to forest management, and business models are becoming integral parts of successful innovations and business strategies. This paper deals with the applicability of a business model (as an innovation tool) for small forest owners. The main objectives were to design a business model applicable in the forestry sector and to find the innovative business alternatives for the small-scale forest owner reflecting the local situation (in a case study in the Czech Republic). The extended business model CANVAS was used. The embedded data was evaluated on the software developed at the Savonia University in Finland where business opportunity and competitive advantage were the main evaluation criteria. As a result, a proposed strategy was advised to be followed. The biggest added value of the extended CANVAS model is giving an objective and unbiased evaluation of the situation of small forest owners. The business model design proved a usable and applicable tool to be used in forest management, for the research has shown that the quantitative data should be complemented by qualitative research in order to get the complex view.
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Ficko, Andrej. "Private Forest Owners’ Social Economic Profiles Weakly Influence Forest Management Conceptualizations." Forests 10, no. 11 (October 26, 2019): 956. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f10110956.
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Although several private forest owner studies have dealt with how private forest owners understand forest management, little is known about the determinants of specific forest management concepts. The study expands previous latent variable models of the perception of forest management by European private forest owners by looking at how age, income, education, annual cut, and holding size and type influence specific understandings of forest management. We applied a multiple indicators multiple causes (MIMIC) structural equation model on a representative sample of 754 private forest owners from Slovenia. The MIMIC model confirmed the influence of six covariates on three concepts of forest management: the maintenance concept, the ecosystem-centered concept, and the economics-centered concept. The strongest determinants of perception were education and holding type. The maintenance concept was predominantly associated with less educated older full-time or part-time farmers working on smaller family farms and doing regular cuts. The perception of forest management as an economics-centered activity increased with increased education and dependence on income from intensive cuts. The ecosystem-centered concept was most strongly associated with younger, better-educated owners with smaller holdings and, surprisingly, not to non-farmers but to small-scale family farmers. However, the proportion of the variance of latent variables explained by the six covariates was low, ranging from 2.4% to 5.1%. Taking into account the influence of education and holding type on private forest owners’ perception of forest management, by increasing the level of education and raising the proportion of absentee owners in Europe, we expect a shift from the maintenance concept toward either an economics-centered or ecosystem-oriented concept for forest management. Despite the weak influence of private forest owners’ social economic profiles on forest management conceptualizations, governments should be aware of the trend and actively seek to prevent the polarization of forest management concepts.
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Huber, Wolfgang, Peter Schwarzbauer, and Tobias Stern. "Analyse der Motive österreichischer Kleinwaldeigentümer als Schlüssel für die Holzmobilisierung." Schweizerische Zeitschrift fur Forstwesen 164, no. 9 (September 1, 2013): 278–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3188/szf.2013.0278.
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Analysis of Austrian small forest owners′ motivation as a key to wood mobilisation The largest potential to mobilise unused wood reserves in Austria is from small private forest owners (holdings under 200 ha). Small forest owners who participate in wood markets have shown high supply elasticity with respect to the sawlog price. Due to the ongoing structural change in agriculture the share of owners whose forest management is economically motivated is expected to fall. However, many of the small forest owners are very concerned to look after their forest well, although the understanding of what constitutes a clean and healthy forest can differ widely. Their objectives and motives were investigated by qualitative social research methods. Among respondents that did not have any forest related education or background the phenomenon known as “forest gardening” was observed. These people looked at and managed their forest with objectives and motives usually associated with private gardens. Overall, five different action patterns related to forest management were distinguished. Understanding the goals and motivation of small forest owners gives insight into the potential effectiveness of different wood mobilisation measures. Especially among inexperienced small forest owners, the offer of information, motivation and service is welcome. “Dialogue marketing” is an appropriate communication tool. New information channels, such as Facebook, should be used more to motivate small forest owners to manage their forests sustainably and produce more wood.
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Lupp, Gerd, Katharina Börtitz, Valerie Kantelberg, Marc Koch, and Stephan Pauleit. "Management urbaner Wälder zwischen Ansprüchen der Gesellschaft und Besitzerzielen." Schweizerische Zeitschrift fur Forstwesen 168, no. 5 (May 1, 2017): 261–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3188/szf.2017.0261.
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Management of urban woodlands between demands of society and owner objectives Urban woodlands provide numerous ecosystem services for the society. However, they depend on the management goals, motivations and interests of the forest owners. In the Munich Metropolitan Region, it was examined how the population perceive the woodlands and which services of the woodlands are most important for them. On the other hand management goals, interests and motivation of forest owners were assessed by interviewing representatives of state, communal and private forest owners in urban area. It turned out that both population and forest owners had quite similar ideas about the services urban woodlands should deliver. For many forest owners, timber production was of little importance. The main objective was creating and maintaining stable and ecologically valuable mixed stands. In the everyday perception of the population, there is a deep fear of losing woodlands for urban development. Forest management actions are often associated with a general loss of forest. To avoid conflicts, communication and information should be improved. To provide attractive forest consultancy for urban woodland owners, forest authorities and forest associations should include topics such as forest aesthetics, nature conservation, pest control, legal duty to maintain safety, recreation and visitor management.
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Juutinen, Artti, Anne Tolvanen, and Terhi Koskela. "Forest owners' future intentions for forest management." Forest Policy and Economics 118 (September 2020): 102220. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.forpol.2020.102220.
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Force, Jo Ellen, and Harry W. Lee. "Nonindustrial Private Forest Owners in Idaho." Western Journal of Applied Forestry 6, no. 2 (April 1, 1991): 32–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/wjaf/6.2.32.
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Abstract Idaho's nonindustrial private forest (NIPF) owners were surveyed by mail to determine their sociodemographic characteristics, perceptions of the benefits received from owning forestland, use of forest management practices, harvesting plans, and use of forest management assistance. Data were reported for the entire state and also analyzed by ownership class. The sociodemographic profile of Idaho's NIPF owner is similar to that reported from other states. Major benefits of owning NIPF land were: wood for domestic use; esthetic enjoyment; and wildlife appreciation. Esthetics were more important to smaller landowners. Grazing and timber were benefits of importance to large landowners. Fifty-six percent of owners have harvested timber, varying from 35% of small holdings to 74% of large holdings. One-fourth of the owners say they will never harvest timber. Only 34% have ever sought professional forest management assistance. West. J. Appl. For. 6(2):32-36.
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Sedmák, Róbert, Ján Tuček, Martina Levická, Denisa Sedmáková, Ján Bahýľ, Vladimír Juško, Jan Kašpar, Róbert Marušák, and Vladimir A. Bushenkov. "Optimizing the Tending of Forest Stands with Interactive Decision Maps to Balance the Financial Incomes and Ecological Risks according to Owner Demands: Case Study in Rakovník, the Czech Republic." Forests 11, no. 7 (July 4, 2020): 730. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f11070730.
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Sustainability and the optimal provision of the various ecosystem services is an essential task in forest management. In this study, we deal with the optimization of forest tending to achieve the maximal long-term provision of financial incomes from wood at a minimal level of ecological risks for selected small ownership unit. The methods of interactive decision maps and reasonable goals (IDM/RGM) were connected with a modern forest growth simulator to investigate the four-dimensional optimization space and to produce the complete set of Pareto optimal solutions. The four different types of forest owners as potential decision-makers were simulated, and precise management goals in multidimensional target space were defined. Then, the optimal tending system for each forest owner in three stands, differing by the degree of the naturalness of the species composition, was detected. The multi-criteria analysis suggests that predominantly economically oriented forest management still prevails in the Czech and Slovak Republics, which can be as a source of conflicts among forest owners and other stakeholders. The existence of trade-offs between biodiversity, ecological stability and wood production and different owners’ demands must be taken into account. The possibility of balancing the management risks and wood provision according to the owner’s and other stakeholders’ demands with the aid of the easy-to-apply IDM/RGM methods (and the careful assistance of a specialist experienced in multi-criteria optimization) was introduced. At the same time, the application of real integrative management in small forest areas was demonstrated in practice. After the change of paradigm in forest management, the applied methods should prevent increasing conflicts among owners and society in former socialist countries, which have undergone a fundamental transformation in terms of forest ownership in recent decades.
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Young, Robert A., Michael R. Reichenbach, and Fred H. Perkuhn. "PNIF Management: A Social-Psychological Study of Owners in Illinois." Northern Journal of Applied Forestry 2, no. 3 (September 1, 1985): 91–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/njaf/2.3.91.
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Abstract The importance of the private nonindustrial forests (PNIFs) to the total forest resources of the country is significant. It is generally recognized, however, that timber production on most PNIFs has been lower than the land's potential, despite many state and federal assistance and incentive programs. A sample of PNIF owners in Illinois was surveyed to identify owner and woodland characteristics, owners' management goals, owner attitudes and beliefs related to timber production, influential social groups, and other relevent data. Timber production ranked low in owners' objectives. Results were studied to identify barriers and incentives which affect timber production and to determine policies and programs which might increase production. North J. Appl. For. 2:91-94, September 1985.
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Schmidt, Roger. "Vermarktung von Schutzleistungen des Waldes – das Beispiel des Kantons Bern | Marketing of protection services – the example of Canton Berne." Schweizerische Zeitschrift fur Forstwesen 161, no. 9 (September 1, 2010): 379–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3188/szf.2010.0379.
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In Switzerland, payments to forest owners and enterprises compensating the costs of forestry measures for protecting houses and infrastructure from natural hazards – and thus providing benefits to the public – are now better than for other non-wood products and services. With the new system of Redistribution of Income and Responsibilities between the Confederation and the cantons (NFA), not only the financial contributions and the procedures between Confederation and cantons have been adapted. In Canton Berne, the entity responsible for the safety of the object to be protected (“Safety Agency”) is now included in the decision making process and the financing. Where housing is concerned, the communal authorities usually act as Safety Agency, where infrastructure is concerned the owner or operating authority. The Forestry Service of Canton Berne defines the procedures, advises the forest owners and Safety Agency, and provides public funding when the requirements are met. Forest owners and Safety Agency agree on the services to be provided and the remaining funding. The financial contributions of Confederation, cantons and Safety Agency do not compensate the forest owner for the protective effect of his forest, but for the actual dispositive and operative services provided. These need to be furnished in an efficient and transparent way. Forest enterprises must also be able to make profits with the management of protection forests. Covering costs alone is not a sufficient incentive to ensure that the necessary measures are carried out in the long term.
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Abildtrup, Jens, Anne Stenger, Francis de Morogues, Philippe Polomé, Marieke Blondet, and Claude Michel. "Biodiversity Protection in Private Forests: PES Schemes, Institutions and Prosocial Behavior." Forests 12, no. 9 (September 14, 2021): 1241. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f12091241.
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The overall research question addresses the effectiveness of incentive mechanisms in poli -cies that enhance private forest owners’ biodiversity protection. In particular, the paper focuses on the link between forest owners’ motivations, incentives, and institutions, and questions the incentives of the current biodiversity protection policies. Our hypothesis is that the purely monetary nature of the incentives can cause a “crowding out effect”, i.e., forest owners may reduce their voluntary contribution to biodiversity protection that is driven by prosocial motivations (altruism, self-image, etc.). With this in mind, as well as the knowledge acquired via this project about forest owners’ motivations, we looked for the most effective combinations of “incentive mechanisms” (monetary and non-monetary) and “institutions” (national and local authorities, NGOs, etc.) to encourage forest owners to adopt biodiversity protection measures in their forests.
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Korsmo, Harald. "Problems Related to Conservation of Coniferous Forest in Norway." Environmental Conservation 18, no. 3 (1991): 255–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892900022189.
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In this paper, it is argued that the Norwegian Government must tackle the problems related to the conservation of coniferous forests more seriously and urgently than hitherto, and not let this important task be governed by commercial interests. A national plan based on political, non-scientific motives will not safeguard these ecocomplexes and their component ecosystems and the endangered species found in them.A practical way to solve the time-consuming disagreements between environmental authorities and forest owners would be to guarantee full compensation, and to start paying for sites of high conservation interest immediately. This compensation must ensure that the forest owners can fulfil such financial commitments as they already have. An alternative would be the exchange of privately-owned forest for public forest land, including forests owned by ‘The Educational Fund’.The Ministries involved must learn to cooperate in such work. If they do not, Norway's credibility in environmental matters may suffer. Solutions must be reached which do not put sectorial interests before national or international environmental values, and which guarantee the protection of a representative selection of coniferous forests according to scientific principles.
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Põllumäe, Priit, Ando Lilleleht, and Henn Korjus. "Reflections of active forest owners to the public-private forestry support system in Estonia." Forestry Studies 71, no. 1 (December 31, 2019): 100–119. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/fsmu-2019-0015.
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Abstract Private forest owners are increasingly responsible for providing an extensive range of goods and services from their forests, as there are around 100,000 forest owners in Estonia. In order to support forest owners in providing these services, the state has continuously backed the forestry sector and established a public-private partnership with forest owners’ associations as well as their umbrella organisations and cooperatives. The aim of this paper is to identify the service and information needs of private forest owners in the context of this established support system. Using a survey sample of 757 respondents, we found that in regard to informational needs more focus should be put on forest management activities, i.e. on available information about service providers’ contacts, prices, options and principles for selling harvesting rights and timber. Furthermore, joint timber sales as a service should be further developed and focused on. While forest owners ranked highly both the information about financial support and the specific measures, they found the system sometimes too complicated. Both in terms of information and service importance-performance, forest owners indicated certification as a low-priority topic. Whilst interest representation in policy processes was indicated as a very important service, its performance was rated quite modestly indicating slight dissatisfaction with the current arrangements. There are also several socio-demographic attributes of forest owners that influence their needs for information and services about forest management. However, a better understanding of these attributes might help develop the system further.
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Huff, Emily S., Brett J. Butler, Marla Markowski-Lindsay, and Jaketon H. Hewes. "Longitudinal data on family forest owners: The US Forest Service’s National Woodland Owner Survey." Landscape and Urban Planning 188 (August 2019): 93–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2019.03.007.
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Eyvindson, Kyle, Anna Repo, María Triviño, Sari Pynnönen, and Mikko Mönkkönen. "Quantifying and easing conflicting goals between interest groups in natural resource planning." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 49, no. 10 (October 2019): 1233–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2019-0026.
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Management of natural resources at the regional level is a compromise between a variety of objectives and interests. At the local level, management of the forests depends upon the ownership structure, with forest owners using their forests as they see fit. A potential conflict occurs if the forest owners’ management decisions are counter to the interests of society in general or the industry that relies on the forest resource as their raw material. We explore the intensity of this conflict at the regional level in several large boreal forest production landscapes. To explore the conflict, we investigate three main interest groups: (i) economically oriented forest owners; (ii) industry groups (focusing on maintaining an even timber supply); and (iii) a group representing general public interests (focusing on enhancing ecosystem services and biodiversity protection). The severity of conflicts differs between interest groups; we found a minor conflict between the economically oriented forest owners and industry and a severe conflict among general public interests and the other groups. By quantifying the conflicts, visualizing the impacts shared among interest groups, we anticipate that through shared discovery and understanding, forests can be managed to lessen the conflicts between interest groups.
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Ross-Davis, Amy, and Shorna Broussard. "A Typology of Family Forest Owners in North Central Indiana." Northern Journal of Applied Forestry 24, no. 4 (December 1, 2007): 282–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/njaf/24.4.282.
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Abstract Patterns of forest cover across the United States partly reflect the diverse and dynamic ownership motivations and management behaviors of family forest owners. The objectives of this study were to (i) identify distinct types of landowners with regard to ownership motivations and other ownership characteristics and (ii) compare these types of landowners in terms of (a) use of specific forest management practices, (b) information seeking, (c) familiarity with and participation in private forest conservation programs, and (d) ownership and sociodemographic characteristics. A two-step cluster analysis of responses to a mail questionnaire distributed to family forest owners in north central Indiana revealed three distinct types of landowners. Forest managers attributed importance to diverse values with regard to owning their forest. New forest owners owned their properties for the least amount of time and attributed importance to all ownership motivations with the exception of producing timber. Passive forest owners owned the smallest forested acreages and attributed importance to none of the ownership motivations operationalized in this research with the exception of enjoying scenery. Results are discussed in terms of typologies previously described in the literature and the implications of the relationships among landowner types with regard to management.
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Ščap, Špela, Darja Stare, Nike Krajnc, and Matevž Triplat. "Značilnosti opravljanja sečnje in spravila v zasebnih gozdovih v Sloveniji." Acta Silvae et Ligni 125 (August 2021): 25–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.20315/asetl.125.3.
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A survey conducted in 2019 covered 544 randomly selected forest owners. More than half of the forest owners own a forest estate ranging from 1 to 4.99 ha. For 62 % of respondents, the primary purpose of forest management is to harvest wood for their own needs. In 2015%2019, 71 % of respondents carried out felling and skidding in their forests. In total, approximately 50,000 m3 of wood was felled (24 m3 /ha or 141 m3 per holding). The largest volumes were felled by private owners with small forest holdings (up to 0.99 ha), on average 41.4 m3 /ha. There were statistically significant differences between the size of the forest holding and the average volume of annual felling. Furthermore, there were no statistically significant differences in felling intensity between male and female forest owners. The survey found that professional contractors carried out 41 % of felling and harvesting. Furthermore, there were significant differences between the size of the private forest estate and the method of performing forest operations. The results showed that the largest share of private owners who carry out all felling and skidding with the help of hired contractors is in the size class of forest holdings from 5 to 9.99 ha. The study did not confirm statistically significant differences in the intensity of felling between male and female private forest owners.
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Matsushita, Koji, and Shigejiro Yoshida. "Private Forest Owners and the Forest Resource Database." Journal of Forest Planning 4, no. 2 (1998): 53–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.20659/jfp.4.2_53.
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Karppinen, Heimo, Maria Hänninen, and Lauri Valsta. "Forest owners’ views on storing carbon in their forests." Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research 33, no. 7 (June 5, 2018): 708–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02827581.2018.1480800.
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Pivoriūnas, Aidas, and Sigitas Girdziušas. "Changes in decision making and cooperation among forest owners: the Lithuanian case." Journal of Forest Science 65, No. 11 (November 29, 2019): 450–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/106/2019-jfs.
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Understanding of the basic determinants of cooperation among private forest owners is of crucial importance to forest owners, private forest owners’ cooperatives and other key players in the forest sector. This topic concerns complementary empirical and theoretical studies from the fields of economics and social studies. A recent study shows that private forest owners differ in their attitudes towards forest management and processes of cooperation in terms of the time perspective and, correspondingly, make different decisions in various situations related to forest management. Based on the data from two surveys, this paper shows how private forest owners’ views of forest management in Lithuania have developed over the last thirteen years and finds some basic socio-economic aspects that drive cooperation among private forest owners for joint forest management.<br /><br />
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Fletcher, Lena S., David Kittredge, and Thomas Stevens. "Forest Landowners' Willingness to Sell Carbon Credits: A Pilot Study." Northern Journal of Applied Forestry 26, no. 1 (March 1, 2009): 35–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/njaf/26.1.35.
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Abstract Sequestered carbon is a new forest product that could help private forest owners earn financial returns while keeping their forests intact. Private forest owners are responsible for 78% of forests in Massachusetts, and the carbon these trees sequester could be traded in emerging cap-and-trade carbon markets in the United States. In forming policy about climate change and forestry, it is important to understand the factors that influence the likelihood of landowners choosing to sell sequestered carbon and participate in the carbon marketplace. In this pilot study, we explored the likelihood of Massachusetts forest owners selling carbon sequestered on their forestland. We found that landowners significantly favor higher payments, no withdrawal penalty, and, unexpectedly, longer time commitments. We also found that at current carbon prices, very few participants (less than 7%) would be willing to sell. Additional studies need to be conducted, with a larger sample of respondents, which may elucidate how socioeconomic variables and ownership attitudes influence forest owners' willingness to enroll in carbon markets.
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Meier-Glaser, Adrian Lukas, Walter Beer, and Walter Marti. "Erfahrungen mit Windwurf im Kanton Bern." Schweizerische Zeitschrift fur Forstwesen 166, no. 3 (March 1, 2015): 177–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3188/szf.2015.0177.
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Experiences with windthrow in Canton Berne The winter storms Vivian (1990) and Lothar (1999) hit Canton Berne with its many privately owned forests hard. The main objective of state intervention was to protect the forest areas that had remained intact. Important success factors in the management of the event were the strong attachment of owners to their forest, the swift and clear strategic response by the forestry service, rapid credit approvals by government and parliament, and further the high level of motivation and persistence of all actors involved. Ensuring an open, regular and objective communication in a comprehensible form for all target groups and during all phases of the process was also of great importance. Framework conditions change, such as legal regulations, the political environment, the situation of forest owners and enterprises or the timber market. These present new challenges for those in charge. A next storm will again come unexpectedly and will have other impacts than Vivian or Lothar. But as then, a successful management of the event will depend on the motivation of forest owners, clear strategies, a competent forestry service, the political will to support measures in forests and along the wood chain, together with a good collaborative relationship between all actors.
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Ma, Zhao, and David B. Kittredge. "How Family Forest Owners Consider Timber Harvesting, Land Sale, and Conservation Easement Decisions: Insights from Massachusetts, USA." International Journal of Forestry Research 2011 (2011): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/290353.
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Ten million family forest owners own 35 percent of US forestland. Although one owner's action may be insignificant, many owners' decisions across the landscape and over time can together affect the forest ecosystem. By analyzing survey data from Massachusetts, this paper examines the thought processes of family forest owners when considering timber harvesting, land sale, and conservation easement decisions, all having great potential to shape the future of individual properties and forest landscape. Some factors (e.g., attitudes towards forestland and desire for and experience of cooperation) were important for engaged and unengaged owners, some factors (e.g., attained education level, age, and absenteeism) were irrelevant, and some factors (e.g., acreage and information sources) had mixed effects depending on the decision and landowner engagement level. The results suggest the need to avoid any one-size-fits-all approach, differentiate landowners based on their engagement level, and tailor outreach efforts to address the interests and concerns of particular audiences.
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Žunić, Marijana, and Krunoslav Teslak. "Ograničavajući čimbenici izostanka aktivnosti na šumoposjedima u Republici Hrvatskoj – MIMIC model." Šumarski list 143, no. 1-2 (February 28, 2019): 7–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.31298/sl.143.1-2.1.
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The purpose of this paper was to determine the share of active and inactive forest owners in Croatia and to identify potential causes for underuse of wood resources and their most important predictors based on inactive forest owners sample. We interviewed 1007 randomly selected forest owners on Croatian territory with a telephone survey. Of the total sample, 60% of forest owners believe that they efficiently manage their forests while 40% are inactive (Table 1). In order to determine the most important reasons and causes for inactive forest owners not cutting more, additional questions were asked. They were provided by 19 statements describing possible reasons for underuse of wood resources. Then, on Likert’s scale from 1 (not important at all) to 5 (very important) they expressed their level of agreement with a particular statement (Table 2). The statements were condensed into three dimensions by explanatory factor analysis with eigenvalue approach. Factors were interpreted as: (1) factor of qualifications and knowledge constraints, (2) factor of passiveness and forest conservation and (3) factor of physical constraints (Table 2). Statistically acceptable model was established by confirmatory factor analysis approach (Figure 2). The pronounced processes of structural changes in forest ownership composition, as well as in socio-demographic and forest property characteristics, are evident across Europe consequently influencing the intensity of private forest management. Within the aforementioned, we used gender, age, education, working status, the distance between the forest and the place of residence, the size of the settlement and the knowledge of forest property boundary lines as independent variables for management constraining factors model construction (Figure 1). Socio-demographic and forest property characteristics have been modeled with the extracted management constraining factors by applying a Multiple Indicators Multiple Causes (MIMIC) model (Figure 3). MIMIC model revealed that gender, age, and lack of boundary lines knowledge were the most important predictors for management constraining factors (Table 4). The notable part of forest owners in Croatia do not manage their forests because of insufficient knowledge and qualifications.
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Karppinen, Heimo. "New forest owners and owners-to-be: apples and oranges?" Small-scale Forestry 11, no. 1 (April 12, 2011): 15–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11842-011-9165-z.
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Haugen, Katarina, Svante Karlsson, and Kerstin Westin. "New Forest Owners: Change and Continuity in the Characteristics of Swedish Non-industrial Private Forest Owners (NIPF Owners) 1990–2010." Small-scale Forestry 15, no. 4 (May 18, 2016): 533–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11842-016-9338-x.
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Bont, Armin. "Die Waldzusammenlegungen im Thurgauer Privatwald – ein Rückblick | Forest regroupment in private forests in Canton Thurgovia: a retrospective survey." Schweizerische Zeitschrift fur Forstwesen 156, no. 6 (June 1, 2005): 211–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3188/szf.2005.0211.
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In Canton Thurgovia 12 000 hectares or 56% of the forested area, is privately owned. Within the framework of a total regrouping policy the number of plots per owner has been reduced to one or two since 1945 comprising almost the entire area of privately owned forest. A ban on the splitting up of plots prevents them from being split up again. The consequences of annual contributions and meetings of the legal forestry authorities is that groups of inheritors (Erbengemeinschaften)are disentangled and outside owners sell to local individuals who are interested. Thanks to good forestry practice yield is high, in as far as the wood is used. Although much of the private forest in the fruitful central plains still need to be restored, the regrouping of the forest prescribed by the Swiss Forest Laws has been abolished and without anything else being put in place. Practical, legal rules are urgently needed to regulate regrouping in order to ensure a common management of the forest in question.
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PASANEN, KARRI, MIKKO KURTTILA, JOUNI PYKÄlÄINEN, JYRKI KANGAS, and PEKKA LESKINEN. "MESTA — NON-INDUSTRIAL PRIVATE FOREST OWNERS' DECISION-SUPPORT ENVIRONMENT FOR THE EVALUATION OF ALTERNATIVE FOREST PLANS OVER THE INTERNET." International Journal of Information Technology & Decision Making 04, no. 04 (December 2005): 601–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219622005001726.
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The supply of Internet-based forest planning services to non-industrial private forest owners has increased. At the core of these services there is usually the "paper forest plan" in browseable format. The options to update the stand-level data and to download, fill and send various forms related to stand treatments are further characteristics of these services. The real potential of web-based services has not yet, however, been fully exploited. In addition, changes in the structure of non-industrial private forest ownership call for new facilities to be included in these services. The aim of this article is to present some characteristics that could be included in Internet-based forest planning services. The Mesta decision support service is intended to be used independently by forest owners, who are interested in examining, over the Internet, the production possibilities of their forest holding and in comparing alternative forest plans with respect to different goals concerning the use of their forest holding. Mesta includes a facility enabling preliminary objective enquiries from the forest owner, the creation and presentation of alternative forest plans and multi-criteria comparisons of alternative forest plans. The comparison technique is so executed that forest owners' independent assessments are enabled over the Internet without necessitating personal guidance by forest planning consultants. The results of trial use involving eight North-Karelian forest owners were encouraging. However, the current version of Mesta has been developed for research purposes and its properties and user-friendliness need to be improved before it can be included as a component of commercial Internet-based forest planning services.
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Dansereau, Jean-Pierre, and Peter deMarsh. "A portrait of Canadian woodlot owners in 2003." Forestry Chronicle 79, no. 4 (August 1, 2003): 774–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc79774-4.
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Woodlots have been a prominent part of the Canadian rural landscape since the European settlement of Canada. In addition to their social and economic importance, woodlots contribute significantly to the environment. Their importance varies widely among provinces but nearly 10% of Canadian non-reserved productive forests are woodlots. Woodlots belong to over 450 000 families whose reasons for owning them are diverse. The annual average revenue from a woodlot is low but, as a whole, they play a valuable economic role in the forest industry's wood supply. Total woodlot owner annual revenues are estimated at $1.5 billion (Canadian). Managing a private woodlot in a sustainable way is a challenge with economic and environmental dimensions, which is easier met with support from society. Three types of tools have been developed to support the stewardship commitment of woodlot owners: woodlot owner organisations, laws and regulations (including tax legislation) and incentive and support programs. It is difficult to foresee what the future holds for woodlot owners but important issues are identified: expansion of regulations, limits to market access and prices that do not reflect the costs of sustainable practices, growing fragmentation of woodlots and an increase in single-use ownership, decline of the contribution of woodlots to the economy and a less active contribution to environmental services. Potential outcomes are explored. With a complete, widely available set of financial and educational tools, owners will increase the production of a range of goods and services. Provincial government policies that offset market distortions, that provide financial support for silviculture and the costs of environmental services and natural disasters, and income and property tax policies that encourage sustainable practices will be essential tools in supporting the efforts of woodlot owners to realize the full potential of the forest resource they collectively own. Key words: Canada, private woodlots, stewardship, sustainable forest management, woodlot owner organizations, government programs and services.
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Kim, Chung-yeol, Tae-woon Kim, Eui-gyeong Kim, and Hyun-shik Moon. "Recognition Analysis of Forest Owners on Forest Tending Operation." Journal of Agriculture & Life Science 51, no. 1 (February 28, 2017): 45–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.14397/jals.2017.51.1.45.
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Mancheva, Irina. "Which factors spur forest owners' collaboration over forest waters?" Forest Policy and Economics 91 (June 2018): 54–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.forpol.2017.09.002.
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Howard, Theodore E. "Estate Planning for Nonindustrial Forest Owners." Land Economics 61, no. 4 (November 1985): 363. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3146154.
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Mayer, Audrey L. "Landscape dynamics of family forest owners." Landscape and Urban Planning 188 (August 2019): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2019.04.018.
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Greene, John L., Brett J. Butler, Paul F. Catanzaro, Jaketon H. Hewes, Michael A. Kilgore, David B. Kittredge, Zhao Ma, and Mary L. Tyrrell. "Family forest owners and federal taxes." Forest Policy and Economics 38 (January 2014): 219–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.forpol.2013.10.001.
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