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Journal articles on the topic 'Forest pests and pathogens'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 2 February 2022

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1

Jactel, Hervé, Marie-Laure Desprez-Loustau, Andrea Battisti, et al. "Pathologists and entomologists must join forces against forest pest and pathogen invasions." NeoBiota 58 (July 10, 2020): 107–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.58.54389.

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The world’s forests have never been more threatened by invasions of exotic pests and pathogens, whose causes and impacts are reinforced by global change. However, forest entomologists and pathologists have, for too long, worked independently, used different concepts and proposed specific management methods without recognising parallels and synergies between their respective fields. Instead, we advocate increased collaboration between these two scientific communities to improve the long-term health of forests. Our arguments are that the pathways of entry of exotic pests and pathogens are often

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2

Thu, Pham Quang, Dao Ngoc Quang, Nguyen Minh Chi, Tran Xuan Hung, Le Van Binh, and Bernard Dell. "New and Emerging Insect Pest and Disease Threats to Forest Plantations in Vietnam." Forests 12, no. 10 (2021): 1301. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f12101301.

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The planted forest area in Vietnam increased from 3.0 to 4.4 million hectares in the period 2010–2020, but the loss of productivity from pests and diseases continues to be a problem. During this period, frequent and systematic plantation forest health surveys were conducted on 12 native and 4 exotic genera of trees as well as bamboo across eight forest geographic regions of Vietnam. Damage caused by insects and pathogens was quantified in the field and laboratory in Hanoi. The threats of greatest concern were from folivores (Antheraea frithi, Arthroschista hilaralis, Atteva fabriciella, Hierog

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3

Singh, Pritam. "Research and management strategies for major tree diseases in Canada: Synthesis Part 1." Forestry Chronicle 69, no. 2 (1993): 151–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc69151-2.

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Forests are diverse and complex associations of plant and animal life that are influenced considerably by their environment and man, and by their interactions. Forest pests, including pathogens, form an important component of the forest ecosystem, and their management is an integral part of forest management. There is, however, a need to obtain a better understanding of these pests, and their relationships with plants and other factors in the environment.This article attempts to compile most of the available information about research on major tree diseases in Canada, particularly that which d

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Koricheva, Julia, Harri Vehviläinen, Janne Riihimäki, Kai Ruohomäki, Pekka Kaitaniemi, and Hanna Ranta. "Diversification of tree stands as a means to manage pests and diseases in boreal forests: myth or reality?" Canadian Journal of Forest Research 36, no. 2 (2006): 324–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x05-172.

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Pure forest stands are widely believed to be more prone to pest outbreaks and disease epidemics than mixed stands, leading to recommendations of using stand diversification as a means of controlling forest pests and pathogens. We review the existing evidence concerning the effects of stand tree-species diversity on pests and pathogens in forests of the boreal zone. Experimental data from published studies provide no overall support for the hypothesis that diversification of tree stands can prevent pest outbreaks and disease epidemics. Although beneficial effects of tree-species diversity on st

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Simler-Williamson, Allison B., David M. Rizzo, and Richard C. Cobb. "Interacting Effects of Global Change on Forest Pest and Pathogen Dynamics." Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics 50, no. 1 (2019): 381–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-110218-024934.

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Pathogens and insect pests are important drivers of tree mortality and forest dynamics, but global change has rapidly altered or intensified their impacts. Predictive understanding of changing disease and outbreak occurrence has been limited by two factors: ( a) tree mortality and morbidity are emergent phenomena determined by interactions between plant hosts, biotic agents (insects or pathogens), and the environment; and ( b) disparate global change drivers co-occur, obscuring net impacts on each of these components. To expand our understanding of changing forest diseases, declines, and outbr

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Chhetri, Vivek Thapa, Resham G.C., Sanup Chaudhary, Sachin Timilsina, and Subash Gautam. "Pests, pathogens, pathogenic diseases, and diseases control strategies of sal (Shorea robusta) in Nepal." Archives of Agriculture and Environmental Science 6, no. 2 (2021): 210–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.26832/24566632.2021.0602013.

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Sal (Shorea robusta) is one of the most indispensable species in Nepal, both ecologically and economically. This paper aims to provide updated guidance for the management and protection of this species in the future from various pests and pathogens. We reviewed 38 articles from Google Scholar and Research gate with keywords "Shorea robusta”, “Hoplocerambyx spinicornis”, “Polyporus shoreae”, “Heart rot”. S. robusta has the most insect fauna among the forest tree species. Out of the 346 insects reported on S. robusta, around 155 species of insects are associated with living trees. Hoplocerambyx

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7

GIBBS, J. N., and D. WAINHOUSE. "Spread of Forest Pests and Pathogens in the Northern Hemisphere." Forestry 59, no. 2 (1986): 141–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/forestry/59.2.141.

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8

Guo, Qinfeng, Kurt Riitters, and Kevin Potter. "A Subcontinental Analysis of Forest Fragmentation Effects on Insect and Disease Invasion." Forests 9, no. 12 (2018): 744. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f9120744.

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The influences of human and physical factors on species invasions have been extensively examined by ecologists across many regions. However, how habitat fragmentation per se may affect forest insect and disease invasion has not been well studied, especially the related patterns over regional or subcontinental scales. Here, using national survey data on forest pest richness and fragmentation data across United States forest ecosystems, we examine how forest fragmentation and edge types (neighboring land cover) may affect pest richness at the county level. Our results show that habitat fragmenta

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9

Maloney, Patricia E., and David M. Rizzo. "Pathogens and insects in a pristine forest ecosystem: the Sierra San Pedro Martir, Baja, Mexico." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 32, no. 3 (2002): 448–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x01-219.

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We determined the incidence of pathogens and insects across mixed-conifer stands in the Sierra San Pedro Martir (SSPM) of northern Baja, Mexico, to assess the role of pests in a pristine forest ecosystem. We also determined the spatial distribution of the two most common pests, mistletoe, Phoradendron pauciflorum Torrey, and the fir engraver, Scolytus ventralis LeConte, of white fir (Abies concolor (Gord. & Glend.) Lindl.) across a 25-ha grid to assess spread and what host and pest variables were related. In these open parklike stands the mean tree density was 160 trees/ha, of which 58% we

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10

Carnegie, Angus J., and Helen F. Nahrung. "Post-Border Forest Biosecurity in Australia: Response to Recent Exotic Detections, Current Surveillance and Ongoing Needs." Forests 10, no. 4 (2019): 336. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f10040336.

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Assessing exotic pest response and eradication programs can identify factors that will lead to increased pest detection and provide information for prioritizing and enhancing future eradication attempts. We review the forest-related insect and pathogen detections and responses in Australia between 1996 and 2017. Thirty-four detections of new exotic forest species were made in this timeframe; seventeen each of insects and pathogens. Twenty-nine of the species are now established in mainland Australia and another in the Torres Strait. Four of the established species cause high impact, and three

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11

Skrzecz, Iwona, and Aldona Perlińska. "Current Problems and Tasks of Forest Protection in Poland." Folia Forestalia Polonica 60, no. 3 (2018): 161–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ffp-2018-0016.

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Abstract Current problems of forest protection concern the declining health of forest stands due to climate change and the resulting extreme weather events such as heat waves, droughts, hurricane winds, heavy rainfalls and floods. Repeated impacts of these factors increase susceptibility of forest stands to pest insects and fungal pathogens. Norway spruce (Picea abies [L.] H. Karst) is sensitive to high air temperatures and water shortage. Long lasting droughts during the last two decades, have been one of the reasons behind Norway spruce dieback due to severe outbreak of European spruce bark

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12

Vettraino, Anna, Roel Potting, and Rosa Raposo. "EU Legislation on Forest Plant Health: An Overview with a Focus on Fusarium circinatum." Forests 9, no. 9 (2018): 568. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f9090568.

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The increase in arrivals of new forest pests highlights the need for effective phytosanitary legislation and measures. This paper introduces legislation targeted at prevention and management of potential introductions of forest pests and pathogens. An overview is given on plant health regulations on global and regional level with detailed information on the situation in the European Union (EU). The current and new European legislation is discussed, and a particular focus is given on eradication and contingency plans for Fusarium circinatum. We identified key aspects relevant for the improvemen

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Pei, Boyan, Chunxia Wang, Bin Yu, Dan Xia, Tian Li, and Zeyang Zhou. "The First Report on the Transovarial Transmission of Microsporidian Nosema bombycis in Lepidopteran Crop Pests Spodoptera litura and Helicoverpa armigera." Microorganisms 9, no. 7 (2021): 1442. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9071442.

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Microsporidia are ubiquitous fungi-related parasites infecting nearly all vertebrates and invertebrates. Microsporidian Nosema bombycis is a natural pathogen of multiple insects, including the silkworm and many agricultural and forest pests. N. bombycis can transovarially transmit in silkworm and cause huge economic losses to the sericulture. However, it remains unclear whether N. bombycis vertically transmits in the crop pests Spodoptera litura and Helicoverpa armigera. Here, we investigated the infection of N. bombycis in S. litura and H. armigera to illuminate its infectivity and transovari

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14

LOVETT, GARY M., CHARLES D. CANHAM, MARY A. ARTHUR, KATHLEEN C. WEATHERS, and ROSS D. FITZHUGH. "Forest Ecosystem Responses to Exotic Pests and Pathogens in Eastern North America." BioScience 56, no. 5 (2006): 395. http://dx.doi.org/10.1641/0006-3568(2006)056[0395:fertep]2.0.co;2.

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15

Macpherson, Morag F., Adam Kleczkowski, John R. Healey, Christopher P. Quine, and Nick Hanley. "The effects of invasive pests and pathogens on strategies for forest diversification." Ecological Modelling 350 (April 2017): 87–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2017.02.003.

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16

Pokharel, Kiran Kumar. "Forest health: context of forest pests and pathogen in Nepal." Banko Janakari 27, no. 2 (2018): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/banko.v27i2.21217.

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17

Woeste, Keith, Lenny Farlee, Michael Ostry, James McKenna, and Sally Weeks. "A Forest Manager's Guide to Butternut." Northern Journal of Applied Forestry 26, no. 1 (2009): 9–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/njaf/26.1.9.

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Abstract Exotic insect pests and pathogens have dramatically reduced the quantity and quality of several trees species in North America. Butternut (Juglans cinerea L.) is one such species. This review discusses the identification of butternut, the current status of butternut, and thenature of the threats that influence its survival, all in the context of what forest managers need to know to make difficult choices they face when managing butternut. Options for encouraging regeneration are presented, as well the current status of recovery efforts.

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18

Dukes, Jeffrey S., Jennifer Pontius, David Orwig, et al. "Responses of insect pests, pathogens, and invasive plant species to climate change in the forests of northeastern North America: What can we predict?This article is one of a selection of papers from NE Forests 2100: A Synthesis of Climate Change Impacts on Forests of the Northeastern US and Eastern Canada." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 39, no. 2 (2009): 231–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x08-171.

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Climate models project that by 2100, the northeastern US and eastern Canada will warm by approximately 3–5 °C, with increased winter precipitation. These changes will affect trees directly and also indirectly through effects on “nuisance” species, such as insect pests, pathogens, and invasive plants. We review how basic ecological principles can be used to predict nuisance species’ responses to climate change and how this is likely to impact northeastern forests. We then examine in detail the potential responses of two pest species (hemlock woolly adelgid ( Adelges tsugae Annand) and forest te

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19

Holderegger, Rolf. "Vielfältige Anwendungen genetischer Methoden im Wald." Schweizerische Zeitschrift fur Forstwesen 167, no. 6 (2016): 308–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3188/szf.2016.0308.

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Diverse applications of genetic methods in forest ecosystems Swiss forests are managed in a close-to-nature way, and they mainly get naturally rejuvenated. This leads to a forest situation most beneficial for the conservation of the genetic diversity of forest trees. If tree breeding and artificial planting are not main targets in Switzerland, why then using genetics in Swiss forests? In fact, the applications of genetic methods in forests are manifold. They can be used for the identification of connectivity and the evaluation of the success of connectivity measures, e.g., among total reserves

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20

Marzano, Mariella, and Julie Urquhart. "Understanding Tree Health under Increasing Climate and Trade Challenges: Social System Considerations." Forests 11, no. 10 (2020): 1046. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f11101046.

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Tree and forest health is increasingly influenced by climate change as well as growing globalisation and trade. Climate change enables species to colonise new environments, and species that previously were constrained by native predators are now able to flourish in these new environments with little or no resistance. Additionally, the growing trade in live plants and wood products results in the inadvertent movement of species (such as pests or fungi in soil) from far away areas of the globe. As a result, new forest and tree risks may occur with the potential for significant impacts on forest

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Pilarska, Daniela, Danail Takov, and Danail Doychev. "List of natural fungal pathogens infecting bark beetles and lepidopteran forest pests from Bulgaria." Annual of Natural Sciences Department 5 (April 16, 2021): 88–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.33919/ansd.19.1.10.

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Information about fungal infections detected in different bark beetles and lepidopteran forest pests in Bulgaria is presented. Eighteen species of entomopathogenic fungal species and numerous isolates of orders Hypocreales, Eurotiales и Entomophthorales have been reported from 12 bark beetles and 10 moths within a sixty years period. The results from conducted laboratory and field bioassays with several isolates of entomopathogenic fungi against bark beetles and the gypsy moth were summarized.

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Malewski, Tadeusz, Robert Topor, Justyna Anna Nowakowska, and Tomasz Oszako. "Decline of Black Alder Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn. along the Narewka River in the Białowieża Forest District." Forest Research Papers 81, no. 4 (2020): 147–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/frp-2020-0017.

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Abstract Black Alder Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn. is an important tree commonly growing in Poland. Alders are actinorhizal plants that play an important ecological role in riparian ecosystems through atmospheric nitrogen fixation, filtration and purification of waterlogged soils as well as providing a refuge for terrestrial and aquatic organisms thus helping to stabilize stream banks. Black alder used to be considered a very pest and disease resistant species but, the situation changed in 2000, when an unprecedented decline of Alders was observed in Poland. In the Białowieża Forest District, t

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Prahodsky, Sergei, Valery Kaplich, and Dmitry Voitka. "Protection of Scots Pine Planting Stock and Forest Plantations against Diseases and Pests in Belarus." Folia Forestalia Polonica 60, no. 3 (2018): 199–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ffp-2018-0020.

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Abstract The aim of this research is the monitoring of diseases of Scots pine in the plantings and forest stands in the Republic of Belarus depending on the species composition of pests, their biology and the effectiveness of various methods of plant protection. Significant loss of plants for planting is associated with the spread of pathogens causing damage to seedlings, mainly from the genus Fusarium, Alternaria and Botrytis. The most abundant pests of Scots pine are Coleoptera and Lepidoptera groups representing 16 and 8 species, accordingly. Numerous species represent Curculionidae, Scarab

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Hoy, Marjorie A. "Biological control of arthropod pests: Traditional and emerging technologies." American Journal of Alternative Agriculture 3, no. 2-3 (1988): 63–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0889189300002198.

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AbstractBiological control of arthropod pests has a long history of useful practical application. Parasites, predators, and pathogens have been employed in many cases to control pest arthropods in an efficient, cost-effective, and permanent manner. The traditional tactics used in biological control (classical, augmentation, and conservation) remain vital and valuable tools in the biological control of pests for agricultural crops, range lands, forests, and glasshouses. New technologies offer promise. One emerging technique involves the genetic improvement of natural enemies of arthropods throu

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Lewis, Kathy J., and B. Staffan Lindgren. "A conceptual model of biotic disturbance ecology in the central interior of B.C.: How forest management can turn Dr. Jekyll into Mr. Hyde." Forestry Chronicle 76, no. 3 (2000): 433–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc76433-3.

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In forested ecosystems, insects and pathogens play an important role in ecosystem function, and there is increasing evidence that these organisms are primary determinants of forest structure and composition. Recent research has confirmed this even in sub-boreal forests, where fire was traditionally thought to be the major agent of disturbance and hence the main driver of successional processes. This paper presents a conceptual model of biotic disturbance ecology in sub-boreal forests of central B.C. We also describe how forest management practices can lead to forest health problems by disrupti

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Hlásny, Tomáš, Csaba Mátyás, Rupert Seidl, et al. "Climate change increases the drought risk in Central European forests: What are the options for adaptation?" Forestry Journal 60, no. 1 (2014): 5–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/forj-2014-0001.

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Abstract The paper presents information on the projected drought exposure of Central Europe, describes the anticipated dynamics of the regional forests, and identifies measures facilitating the adaptation of forests to climate change-induced drought risk. On the basis of an ensemble of climate change scenarios we expect substantial drying in southern Slovakia and Hungary, while such trends were found to be less pronounced for the Czech Republic and Austria. In response to these climate trajectories, a change in species composition towards a higher share of drought tolerant species as well as t

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Dietze, Michael C., and Jaclyn Hatala Matthes. "A general ecophysiological framework for modelling the impact of pests and pathogens on forest ecosystems." Ecology Letters 17, no. 11 (2014): 1418–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ele.12345.

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Hancock, Jessica E., Mary A. Arthur, Kathleen C. Weathers, and Gary M. Lovett. "Carbon cycling along a gradient of beech bark disease impact in the Catskill Mountains, New York." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 38, no. 5 (2008): 1267–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x07-228.

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Exotic pests and pathogens, through direct and indirect effects on forest structure and species composition, have the potential to significantly alter forest ecosystem processes, including C cycling. Throughout the northern hardwood forest, beech bark disease (BBD) is causing widespread disruption in forest structure and composition. In the Catskill Mountains of New York, some forests formerly codominated by American beech ( Fagus grandifolia Ehrh.) and sugar maple ( Acer saccharum Marsh.) are shifting to sugar maple dominance. The effects of BBD and a subsequent shift in species composition o

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Whyte, Gilbert, Kay Howard, Giles E. St J. Hardy, and Treena I. Burgess. "Foliar pests and pathogens ofEucalyptus dunniiplantations in southern Queensland." Australian Forestry 74, no. 3 (2011): 161–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00049158.2011.10676359.

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Hlásny, T., J. Holuša, ŠtěpánekP, TurčániM, SitkováZ, and L. Zajíčková. " Expected impacts of climate change on forests: Czech Republic as a case study." Journal of Forest Science 57, No. 10 (2011): 422–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/103/2010-jfs.

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&nbsp; We provide fundamental information about the future development of selected climate elements in relation to anticipated threat to forests in the Czech Republic. All analyses were carried out in relation to four elevation zones with specific potential forest vegetation &ndash; up to 350 m a.s.l. (oak dominance), 350&ndash;600 m a.s.l. (beech dominance), 600&ndash;900 m a.s.l. (beech-fir dominance), 900&ndash;1,100 m a.s.l. (spruce dominance). We found out that while the projected increase in mean annual air temperature is almost constant over the Czech Republic (+3.25

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Rossman, Amy Y., Kerry Britton, Doug Luster, Mary Palm, Matthew H. Royer, and Jim Sherald. "Evaluating the Threat Posed by Fungi on the APHIS List of Regulated Plant Pests." Plant Health Progress 7, no. 1 (2006): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/php-2006-0505-01-ps.

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An evaluation of the potential threat of fungi on the APHIS Regulated Plant Pest List was conducted by the federal interagency Invasive Terrestrial Arthropods and Pathogens (ITAP) Subcommittee on Plant Pathogens. Each species was evaluated based on the importance of the plant host, geographic distribution, and state of knowledge. Fungi that cause serious diseases of plants of major economic value and forest trees were considered a threat if the fungus does not occur in the United States. Drs. Erica Cline and David Farr recently reviewed the fungi on the APHIS Regulated Plant Pest List, providi

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Klapwijk, Maartje J., Anna J. M. Hopkins, Louise Eriksson, et al. "Reducing the risk of invasive forest pests and pathogens: Combining legislation, targeted management and public awareness." Ambio 45, S2 (2016): 223–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13280-015-0748-3.

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van Frankenhuyzen, Kees, Christopher Lucarotti, and Robert Lavallée. "Canadian contributions to forest insect pathology and to the use of pathogens in forest pest management." Canadian Entomologist 148, S1 (2015): S210—S238. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/tce.2015.20.

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AbstractThe study of insect pathogens became established as a distinct discipline in the late 1940s. In the ~65 years that followed, forest pest management was the main theatre for the development and practice of insect pathology in Canada. Researchers from the federal government and academic institutions contributed to the growing discipline by acquiring foundational knowledge on taxonomy, mode of action, natural occurrence, and ecological role of key pathogens infecting forest pest insects, covering an array of fungi, Microsporidia, viruses, and bacteria. The ultimate goal was to develop pat

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Moricca, Salvatore, Benedetto T. Linaldeddu, Beatrice Ginetti, Bruno Scanu, Antonio Franceschini, and Alessandro Ragazzi. "Endemic and Emerging Pathogens Threatening Cork Oak Trees: Management Options for Conserving a Unique Forest Ecosystem." Plant Disease 100, no. 11 (2016): 2184–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-03-16-0408-fe.

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Cork oak (Quercus suber) forests are economically and culturally intertwined with the inhabitants of the Mediterranean basin and characterize its rural landscape. These forests cover over two million hectares in the western Mediterranean basin and sustain a rich biodiversity of endemisms as well as representing an important source of income derived from cork production. Currently cork oak forests are threatened by several factors including human-mediated disturbances such as poor or inappropriate management practices, adverse environmental conditions (irregular water regime with prolonged drou

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Nsiah Frimpong, Benedicta, Allen Oppong, Ruth Prempeh, et al. "Farmers’ knowledge, attitudes and practices towards management of cassava pests and diseases in forest transition and Guinea savannah agro-ecological zones of Ghana." Gates Open Research 4 (July 8, 2020): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/gatesopenres.13114.1.

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Background: Cassava is a major staple root crop in Ghana, which serves as a food security and an income generating crop for farming families. In spite of its importance, the crop is plagued with biotic factors such as pests and diseases, resulting in yield and income reductions. Methods: Farmers’ knowledge, attitudes and practices towards cassava pest and disease management were investigated. A mixed method research questionnaire was used to collect both qualitative and quantitative data from 94 cassava farm households across two major cassava growing agro-ecologies. Results: Using descriptive

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Nsiah Frimpong, Benedicta, Allen Oppong, Ruth Prempeh, et al. "Farmers’ knowledge, attitudes and practices towards management of cassava pests and diseases in forest transition and Guinea savannah agro-ecological zones of Ghana." Gates Open Research 4 (February 18, 2021): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/gatesopenres.13114.2.

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Background: Cassava is a major staple root crop in Ghana, which serves as a food security and an income generating crop for farming families. In spite of its importance, the crop is plagued with biotic factors such as pests and diseases, resulting in yield and income reductions. Methods: Farmers’ knowledge, attitudes and practices towards cassava pest and disease management were investigated. A mixed research questionnaire was used to collect both qualitative and quantitative data from 94 cassava farm households across two major cassava growing agro-ecologies. Results: Using descriptive statis

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Cleary, Michelle, Funda Oskay, Hatice Tugba Doğmuş, Asko Lehtijärvi, Stephen Woodward, and Anna Maria Vettraino. "Cryptic Risks to Forest Biosecurity Associated with the Global Movement of Commercial Seed." Forests 10, no. 5 (2019): 459. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f10050459.

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The import and export of tree seed carries with it risks of inadvertent introduction of pests and pathogens to hitherto unaffected regions. Although trade in seed of specified trees is regulated, phytosanitary requirements for most tree species are minimal, even those related to the most important forest tree species in a given region. A better understanding of the microbiome associated with seed intended for commercial production or ornamental use, and their potential risk with the transport from the source origin of distributors, will help regulatory agencies implement measures to safeguard

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Stone, Christine, and Angus Carnegie. "The Australian forest industry takes a lead role in reducing the risk from exotic pests and pathogens." Australian Forestry 81, no. 1 (2018): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00049158.2018.1425965.

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Telford, A., S. Cavers, R. A. Ennos, and J. E. Cottrell. "Can we protect forests by harnessing variation in resistance to pests and pathogens?" Forestry 88, no. 1 (2014): 3–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/forestry/cpu012.

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McGuigan, Linda, Patrícia Fernandes, Allison Oakes, Kristen Stewart, and William Powell. "Transformation of American Chestnut (Castanea dentata (Marsh.) Borkh) Using RITA® Temporary Immersion Bioreactors and We Vitro Containers." Forests 11, no. 11 (2020): 1196. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f11111196.

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American chestnut (Castanea dentata (Marsh.) Borkh) was almost completely wiped out by the fungal pathogen, Cryphonectria parasitica (Murrill) M.E. Barr. Another invasive pathogen, Phytophthora cinnamomi Rands, is devastating American chestnuts in the southern region of the United States. An alternative approach for controlling these pathogens is to use genetic engineering or gene editing. We successfully transformed American chestnut with a detoxifying enzyme, oxalate oxidase, to enhance blight tolerance and more recently with the Cast_Gnk2-like gene, which encodes for an antifungal protein,

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Kamata, N. "Outbreaks of forest defoliating insects in Japan, 1950–2000." Bulletin of Entomological Research 92, no. 2 (2002): 109–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/ber2002159.

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AbstractIn Japan, several forest-defoliating insects reach outbreak levels and cause serious defoliation. Stand mortality sometimes occurs after severe defoliation. However, in general, tree mortality caused by insect defoliation is low because of the prevailing moist climate in Japan. Evergreen conifers are more susceptible to tree mortality as a result of insect defoliation whereas deciduous broad-leaved trees are seldom killed. Insect defoliation occurs more frequently in man-made environments such as among shade trees, orchards, and plantations than in natural habitats. Outbreaks of some d

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Smith, K. T., and W. D. Ostrofsky. "Cambial and internal electrical resistance of red spruce trees in eight diverse stands in the northeastern United States." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 23, no. 2 (1993): 322–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x93-044.

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Rating systems are being developed to determine the degree to which forests are at risk from pests, pathogens, and anthropogenic disturbances. Measurements of electrical resistance of living trees have been shown to be correlated with cambial growth and alterations of wood function in a wide range of species. A comparison was made of patterns of cambial electrical resistance and of stem internal electrical resistance for eight red spruce (Picearubens Sarg.) stands in the northeastern United States. Stands were compared by a new procedure using cambial electrical resistance profiles. The result

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Hwang, Chulhyun, Jaean Jeong, and Hoekyung Jung. "Pine wilt disease spreading prevention system using semantic segmentation." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 11, no. 3 (2021): 2666. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v11i3.pp2666-2673.

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Pine wilt disease is a disease that affects ecosystems by rapidly killing trees in a short period of time due to the close interaction between three factors such as trees, mediates, and pathogens. There is no 100% mortality infectious forest pests. According to the Korea Forest Service survey, as of April 2019, the damage of pine re-nematode disease was about 490,000 dead trees in 117 cities, counties and wards across the country. It's a fatal condition. In order to prevent this problem, this paper proposes a system that detects dead trees, early infection trees, and the like, using deep learn

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Silva, Ximena, Jolanda Roux, and Fred O. Asiegbu. "Diseases of Eucalypts in Paraguay and First Report of Teratosphaeria zuluensis from South America." Forests 11, no. 10 (2020): 1035. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f11101035.

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Background and objectives: The global forest economy is threatened by eucalypt pathogens which are often latent or cryptic species that escape common quarantine and detection methods. Plantation forestry using eucalypts is of considerable importance to Paraguay, but knowledge regarding the pests and diseases affecting these plantations is limited. This study identified fungal diseases present in these plantations. Materials and Methods: We surveyed eucalypt plantations in four provinces in Paraguay and collected material from diseased trees for identification of the causal agents. The samples

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Siebring, Jasper, João Valente, Marston Heracles Domingues Franceschini, Jan Kamp, and Lammert Kooistra. "Object-Based Image Analysis Applied to Low Altitude Aerial Imagery for Potato Plant Trait Retrieval and Pathogen Detection." Sensors 19, no. 24 (2019): 5477. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19245477.

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There is a growing demand in both food quality and quantity, but as of now, one-third of all food produced for human consumption is lost due to pests and other pathogens accounting for roughly 40% of pre-harvest loss in potatoes. Pathogens in potato plants, like the Erwinia bacteria and the PVYNTN virus for example, exhibit symptoms of varying severity that are not easily captured by pixel-based classes (as these ignore shape, texture, and context in general). The aim of this research is to develop an object-based image analysis (OBIA) method for trait retrieval of individual potato plants tha

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Wegensteiner, Rudolf, Karolina Lukášová, Hana Vanická, Soňa Zimová, Magdalena Kacprzyk, and Jaroslav Holuša. "Extremely low infection levels of pathogens and nematodes in Trypodendron spp. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)." Forestry Journal 62, no. 4 (2016): 202–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/forj-2016-0025.

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Abstract The striped ambrosia beetles Trypodendron lineatum and T. domesticum are timber forest pests in the Palearctic region and North America. Because only a few pathogens are known for Trypodendron species, the aim of this work was to determine the spectrum of pathogen species of T. lineatum, T. laeve, and T. domesticum. Trypodendron species were collected in pheromone traps at nine localities in the Czech Republic, five localities in Poland, and one locality in Austria. In total, 2,439 T. lineatum, 171 T. domesticum, and 17 T. laeve beetles were dissected and examined. Infection was found

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Philippe, Ryan N., and Jörg Bohlmann. "Poplar defense against insect herbivoresThis review is one of a selection of papers published in the Special Issue on Poplar Research in Canada." Canadian Journal of Botany 85, no. 12 (2007): 1111–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b07-109.

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The availability of a poplar ( Populus trichocarpa Torr & A. Gray, black cottonwood) genome sequence is enabling new research approaches in angiosperm tree biology. Much of the recent genomics research in poplars has been on wood formation, growth and development, resistance to abiotic stress and pathogens, motivated, at least in part, by the fact that poplars provide an important system for large-scale, short-rotation plantation forestry in the Northern Hemisphere. To sustain productivity and ecosystem health of natural and planted poplar forests it is of critical importance to also devel

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Robinet, Christelle, Robbert van den Dool, Dorian Collot, and Jacob C. Douma. "Modelling for risk and biosecurity related to forest health." Emerging Topics in Life Sciences 4, no. 5 (2020): 485–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/etls20200062.

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Modelling the invasion and emergence of forest pests and pathogens (PnPs) is necessary to quantify the risk levels for forest health and provide key information for policy makers. Here, we make a short review of the models used to quantify the invasion risk of exotic species and the emergence risk of native species. Regarding the invasion process, models tackle each invasion phase, e.g. pathway models to describe the risk of entry, species distribution models to describe potential establishment, and dispersal models to describe (human-assisted) spread. Concerning the emergence process, models

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Cunniffe, Nik J., Richard C. Cobb, Ross K. Meentemeyer, David M. Rizzo, and Christopher A. Gilligan. "Modeling when, where, and how to manage a forest epidemic, motivated by sudden oak death in California." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, no. 20 (2016): 5640–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1602153113.

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Sudden oak death, caused by Phytophthora ramorum, has killed millions of oak and tanoak in California since its first detection in 1995. Despite some localized small-scale management, there has been no large-scale attempt to slow the spread of the pathogen in California. Here we use a stochastic spatially explicit model parameterized using data on the spread of P. ramorum to investigate whether and how the epidemic can be controlled. We find that slowing the spread of P. ramorum is now not possible, and has been impossible for a number of years. However, despite extensive cryptic (i.e., presym

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Reid, Nick, and Simon F. Shamoun. "Contrasting research approaches to managing mistletoes in commercial forests and wooded pasturesThis minireview is one of a collection of papers based on a presentation from the Stem and Shoot Fungal Pathogens and Parasitic Plants: the Values of Biological Diversity session of the XXII International Union of Forestry Research Organization World Congress meeting held in Brisbane, Queensland, Australia, in 2005." Botany 87, no. 1 (2009): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b08-109.

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Many mistletoe species are pests in agricultural and forest ecosystems throughout the world. Mistletoes are unusual “weeds” as they are generally endemic to areas where they achieve pest status and, therefore, classical biological control and broad-scale herbicidal control are usually impractical. In North American coniferous forests, dwarf mistletoe ( Arceuthobium spp.) infection results in major commercial losses and poses a public liability in recreation settings. Hyperparasitic fungi have potential as biological control agents of dwarf mistletoe, including species which attack shoots, berr

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