Academic literature on the topic 'Forest plot'
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Journal articles on the topic "Forest plot"
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Boyles, Abee L., Shawn F. Harris, Andrew A. Rooney, and Kristina A. Thayer. "Forest Plot Viewer." Epidemiology 22, no. 5 (2011): 746–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/ede.0b013e318225ba48.
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Totochenko, Denis A. "A Land Plot and a Forest Plot." Notary 2 (May 4, 2023): 39–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.18572/1813-1204-2023-2-39-42.
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The article examines the features of the relationship of such concepts as land and forest land. The author considers the possibility of a forest plot to act as an object of civil and other relations. In addition, the definition of the concept of a part of a forest plot is proposed.
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GALVÁN-MORENO, Viridiana Sugey, Oscar Alberto AGUIRRE-CALDERÓN, Eduardo ALANÍS-RODRÍGUEZ, et al. "Forest sampling techniques in different types of vegetation applying plot sampling, non-plot sampling, and remote sensing." Nova Geodesia 4, no. 3 (2024): 202. http://dx.doi.org/10.55779/ng43202.
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Forest inventories are undergoing rapid changes due to an increasingly complex set of economic, environmental, and social policy objectives. Therefore, the objective is to identify, analyse, and discuss the main forest inventory methods at global, regional, and local levels, with an analytical perspective on the goals they seek to achieve in various forest ecosystems. For this review, information from 79 relevant studies related to the objectives and methods used in sampling forest resources in tropical, boreal, temperate, and arid ecosystems was considered. According to the analysed studies, forest inventories in different ecosystems face challenges and apply varied methods to assess forests. In the tropics, the focus is on monitoring biomass and carbon, but they show limitations in data quality and quantity limitations. To improve accuracy, robust sampling methods are suggested. In boreal ecosystems, LiDAR and data-driven models offer detailed biomass estimates. In temperate forests, diversified sampling techniques are employed to balance accuracy and efficiency. In arid ecosystems, non-plot methods are useful for mapping density and diversity of the forests. To board the specific challenges of each region, innovative approaches are needed. Inventories have been influenced by changes in environmental policies and technology; therefore, the need to estimate key forest variables and monitor their dynamics requires robust and technologically advanced sampling methods.
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Zhao, Chenhao, Yan Zhu, and Jinghui Meng. "Effects of Plot Design on Estimating Tree Species Richness and Species Diversity." Forests 13, no. 12 (2022): 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f13122003.
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Species richness and diversity substantially affect forest structures and function and are critical indicators of sustainable forest management. Sampling surveys are widely used in forest inventories because they efficiently assess forest characteristics. However, an appropriate sample plot design is required. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effects of plot design on estimating species richness and species diversity using a simulation. A 20 ha census plot was established in a temperate forest to obtain the true values of species richness and species diversity. One single plot design and nine cluster plot designs were evaluated. The results indicated significant differences in forest species richness and species diversity for different plot designs. The cluster plot design with a square subplot configuration (SCONFIG) and extent of ground area covered by a cluster (EGROUND) of 500 m2 exhibited the best performance (accuracy, precision) in estimating forest species richness. In contrast, a rectangular cluster plot with an EGROUND of 1000 m2 was more suitable for assessing species diversity. This study demonstrates that cluster plots outperform a single plot for evaluating species richness and species diversity in temperate forests.
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Sani-Mohammed, Abubakar, Wei Yao, Reda Fekry, Tsz-Chung Wong, and Marco Heurich. "Forest Plot Decay Level Classification from ALS-Derived L-moments." International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLVIII-1-2024 (May 10, 2024): 587–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlviii-1-2024-587-2024.
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Abstract. Forests play key roles in climate regulation and essential environmental services for living organisms. This is why forests are the central focus of the United Nations (UN) Sustainable Development Goal (SDG 15). Thus, effective forest management is critical for forest sustainability and preservation. Remote sensing advancements have improved forest mensuration leveraging cost and time, contrary to the field surveying approach. Often, field data is required to validate remotely sensed results. However, circumstances in the forest may render field data collection impossible. This study applied LiDAR-derived L-moments to directly estimate and classify five forest plot decay levels, to understand forest growth dynamics in the absence of field data. Two L-moment-based rules were tested and evaluated for classifying the plot decay levels from ALS height returns. Our findings show that the first rule (Lcv = 0.5) classified decay Levels 1 and 2 at Lcv < 0.5 and Levels 3 to 5 at Lcv > 0.5, while the second rule (Lskew = 0) classified decay Level 1 at Lskew < 0, and Levels 2 to 5 at Lskew > 0. This indicates that, while discriminating plot decay levels, the L-moment-based rules can classify healthy forest areas and areas of deadwood of varying decay levels directly from ALS height returns. This can be convenient for forest managers to exploit for classifying plot decay levels and for mapping areas of large gaps for planning forest resources for effective forest management. Furthermore, the approach can equally be significant for assessing forest biomass, biodiversity, and carbon stock.
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Craven, Dylan, Tiffany Knight, Kasey Barton, et al. "OpenNahele: the open Hawaiian forest plot database." Biodiversity Data Journal 6 (September 27, 2018): e28406. https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.6.e28406.
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This data paper provides a description of OpenNahele, the open Hawaiian forest plot database. OpenNahele includes 530 forest plots across the Hawaiian archipelago containing 43,590 individuals of 185 native and alien tree, shrub and tree fern species across six islands. We include estimates of maximum plant size (D95<sub>0.1</sub> and D<sub>max3</sub>) for 58 woody plant species, a key functional trait associated with dispersal distance and competition for light. OpenNahele can serve as a platform to test key ecological, evolutionary and conservation questions in a hotspot archipelago. OpenNahele is the first database that compiles data from a large number of forest plots across the Hawaiian archipelago to allow broad and high resolution studies of biodiversity patterns. <b>Keywords</b>: Hawaii, forests, islands, biodiversity, community ecology, evolutionary ecology
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Haikal, Fansuri Fikri, Rahmat Safe’i, and Arief Darmawan. "IMPORTANCE OF MONITORING OF FOREST HEALTH IN MANAGEMENT OF COMMUNITY FORESTS (Case Study of HKM Beringin Jaya managed by KTH Lestari Jaya 8)." JURNAL HUTAN PULAU-PULAU KECIL 4, no. 1 (2020): 31–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.30598/jhppk.2020.4.1.31.
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Community forestry is a social forestry scheme in state forests. Hkm empowers communities around the forest area to increase the ability and independence of the local community. Forest health monitoring is still rarely applied in the management of HKm. Forest health monitoring results can be a reference in making the right decisions in managing HKm so that the results obtained can be optimal. This study aims to determine the results of forest health monitoring in Beringin Jaya HKm managed by KTH Lestari Jaya 8. The research was conducted using the Forest Health Monitoring (FHM) method. Forest health monitoring results show that there are 6 cluster plots with the final value of forest health status in cluster 1 (2.53) bad category, plot 2 (8.98) good category, plot 3 (6.31) moderate category, plot cluster 4 (10.51) category is good, cluster plot 5 (10.74) category is good and cluster plot 6 (8.98) category is good. Thus the results of forest health monitoring obtained by KTH Lestari Jaya 8 with an average final value of forest health status is moderate
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Cipriani, Andrea, and Corrado Barbui. "What is a forest plot?" Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences 15, no. 4 (2006): 258–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1121189x0000213x.
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Li, Chungan, Xin Lin, Huabing Dai, Zhen Li, and Mei Zhou. "Effects of Plot Size on Airborne LiDAR-Derived Metrics and Predicted Model Performances of Subtropical Planted Forest Attributes." Forests 13, no. 12 (2022): 2124. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f13122124.
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Investigating the impact of field plot size on the performance of estimation models for forest inventory attributes could help optimize the technical schemes for an operational airborne LiDAR-assisted forest resource inventory. However, few studies on the topic have focused on subtropical forests. In this study, 104 rectangular plots of 900 m2 (subdivided into nine quadrats with an area of 10 × 10 m) in subtropical planted forests (Chinese fir, pine, eucalyptus, and broad-leaved forest, 2–56 years old) were used to establish four datasets with six different plot sizes (100, 200, 300, 400, 600, and 900 m2) by combining quadrats. The differences in the LiDAR-derived metrics and forest attributes between plots of different sizes were statistically analyzed. Based on the multivariate power models with stable structures, the differences in estimation accuracies of the stand volume (VOL) and basal area (BA) using plot data of different sizes were compared. The results indicated that: (1) the mean differences in LiDAR-derived metrics of the plots of different sizes in all forest types were small, and most of them had no statistically significant differences (α = 0.05) between the plots of different sizes and the 900 m2 plots; however, the standard deviation of the difference increased rapidly with decreasing plot size; (2) except for the maximal tree height of the plots, the other forest attributes, including the mean tree height, diameter at breast height, BA, and VOL of all forest types, showed no statistically significant differences between the plots of different sizes and the 900 m2 plots; and (3) with increasing plot size, the accuracies of VOL and BA estimations improved markedly, and the effects of plot size on the estimation accuracies of the different forest attributes and different forest types were essentially the same. Spatial averaging resulted in the variations in the independent variables (LiDAR variables) and dependent variables (forest attributes) decreasing gradually with the increasing plot size, which was the main reason for the model’s accuracy improving. In applying airborne LiDAR to a large-scale subtropical planted forest inventory, the plot size should be at least 600 m2 for all forest types.
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Anderson, L. O., Y. Malhi, R. J. Ladle, et al. "Influence of landscape heterogeneity on spatial patterns of wood productivity, wood specific density and above ground biomass in Amazonia." Biogeosciences 6, no. 9 (2009): 1883–902. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-6-1883-2009.
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Abstract. Long-term studies using the RAINFOR network of forest plots have generated significant insights into the spatial and temporal dynamics of forest carbon cycling in Amazonia. In this work, we map and explore the landscape context of several major RAINFOR plot clusters using Landsat ETM+ satellite data. In particular, we explore how representative the plots are of their landscape context, and test whether bias in plot location within landscapes may be influencing the regional mean values obtained for important forest biophysical parameters. Specifically, we evaluate whether the regional variations in wood productivity, wood specific density and above ground biomass derived from the RAINFOR network could be driven by systematic and unintentional biases in plot location. Remote sensing data covering 45 field plots were aggregated to generate landscape maps to identify the specific physiognomy of the plots. In the Landsat ETM+ data, it was possible to spectrally differentiate three types of terra firme forest, three types of forests over Paleovarzea geomorphologycal formation, two types of bamboo-dominated forest, palm forest, Heliconia monodominant vegetation, swamp forest, disturbed forests and land use areas. Overall, the plots were generally representative of the forest physiognomies in the landscape in which they are located. Furthermore, the analysis supports the observed regional trends in those important forest parameters. This study demonstrates the utility of landscape scale analysis of forest physiognomies for validating and supporting the finds of plot based studies. Moreover, the more precise geolocation of many key RAINFOR plot clusters achieved during this research provides important contextual information for studies employing the RAINFOR database.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Forest plot"
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Holmström, Hampus. "Data acquisition for forestry planning by remote sensing based sample plot imputation /." Umeå : Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences (Sveriges lantbruksuniv.), 2001. http://epsilon.slu.se/avh/2001/91-576-6086-7.pdf.
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Figuera, Dilcia. "FACET Simulation in the Imataca Forest Reserve, Venezuela: Permanent Plot Data and Spatial Analysis." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2006. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc5282/.
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Tree diameter data from 29 years of observations in six permanent plots was used to calculate the growth rate parameter of the FACET gap model for 39 species in the Imataca forests in Venezuela. The compound topographic index was used as a measure of differential soil water conditions and was calculated using geographic information systems. Growth rate values and topographic conditions typical of hill and valley were input to FACET to simulate dynamics at the species level and by ecological and functional groups. Species shade-tolerance led to expected successional patterns. Drought-tolerant/saturation-intolerant species grew in the hills whereas drought-intolerant/saturation-tolerant species occurred in the valleys. The results help to understand forest composition in the future and provide guidance to forest management practices.
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Bhandari, Rajendra Man Singh Sansanee Choowaew. "Applying adaptive community forest management in Nepal : Silviculture demonstration plot perspective : a case study of Nureni Chisapani Community Forest user group, Makwanpur, Central Nepal /." Abstract, 2007. http://mulinet3.li.mahidol.ac.th/thesis/2550/cd398/4837458.pdf.
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Popescu, Sorin Cristian. "Estimating Plot-Level Forest Biophysical Parameters Using Small-Footprint Airborne Lidar Measurements." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/27109.
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The main study objective was to develop robust processing and analysis techniques to facilitate the use of small-footprint lidar data for estimating forest biophysical parameters measuring individual trees identifiable on the three-dimensional lidar surface. This study derived the digital terrain model from lidar data using an iterative slope-based algorithm and developed processing methods for directly measuring tree height, crown diameter, and stand density. The lidar system used for this study recorded up to four returns per pulse, with an average footprint of 0.65 m and an average distance between laser shots of 0.7 m. The lidar data set was acquired over deciduous, coniferous, and mixed stands of varying age classes and settings typical of the southeastern United States (37° 25' N, 78° 41' W). Lidar processing techniques for identifying and measuring individual trees included data fusion with multispectral optical data and local filtering with both square and circular windows of variable size. The window size was based on canopy height and forest type. The crown diameter was calculated as the average of two values measured along two perpendicular directions from the location of each tree top, by fitting a four-degree polynomial on both profiles. The ground-truth plot design followed the U.S. National Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) field data layout. The lidar-derived tree measurements were used with regression models and cross-validation to estimate plot level field inventory data, including volume, basal area, and biomass. FIA subplots of 0.017 ha each were pooled together in two categories, deciduous trees and pines. For the pine plots, lidar measurements explained 97% of the variance associated with the mean height of dominant trees. For deciduous plots, regression models explained 79% of the mean height variance for dominant trees. Results for estimating crown diameter were similar for both pines and deciduous trees, with R2 values of 0.62-0.63 for the dominant trees. R2 values for estimating biomass were 0.82 for pines (RMSE 29 Mg/ha) and 0.32 for deciduous (RMSE 44 Mg/ha). Overall, plot level tree height and crown diameter calculated from individual tree lidar measurements were particularly important in contributing to model fit and prediction of forest volume and biomass.<br>Ph. D.
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Kribel, Jacob Robert George. "Long Term Permanent Vegetation Plot Studies in the Matoaka Woods, Williamsburg, Virginia : Establishment and Initial Data Analysis of Plots Established with the North Carolina Vegetation Survey Protocol, Resampling of Single Circular Plots and a Comparison of Results from North Carolina Vegetation Survey Protocol and Single Circular Plot Methods." W&M ScholarWorks, 2003. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539624378.
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Kho, Lip Khoon. "Carbon cycling in a Bornean tropical forest : exploring carbon allocation and cycling of tropical forest in the 52-ha Lambir Hills forest dynamics plot." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:bfa1f206-97bf-4bcd-a148-521506225c90.
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The tropical forests on the island of Borneo are among of the richest in the world in terms of tree diversity, and their capacity to store a large reservoir of carbon. The Southeast Asian forests are fundamentally different from Neotropical and African forests, with their single-family dominance by dipterocarp trees, and with inherently greater stature and biomass. The carbon productivity and allocation in Asian tropical forests is still poorly quantified, and their responses to environmental drivers are still poorly understood. Almost all recent advances in tropical forest carbon cycling research have occurred in the Neotropics, with very few studies in Asia. The principal aim of this thesis is to quantify the carbon budget of a lowland dipterocarp forest in the Lambir Hills National Park, Miri, Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo. I examined and explored the productivity and carbon cycling processes and their responses to environmental factors across two major and contrasting soil types, in particular the clay and sandy loam soils. I recorded and analysed the Net Primary Productivity (NPP) and respiration for the above- and below-ground components, and observed the responses to seasonal variation and environmental drivers. Total soil respiration was relatively high and contributed a great deal to ecosystem respiration. Variation in soil respiration rates appeared closely related to soil moisture content. I found a strong diurnal cycle in soil respiration. On the basis of the first soil carbon dioxide (CO2) efflux partitioning study undertaken in a tropical forest, the diurnal cycle in total soil respiration appeared to be entirely driven by the diurnal cycle in litter respiration, and in turn litter is strongly controlled by moisture. There was little seasonal variation in allocation of net primary productivity (NPP), but there was evidence showing potential inter-annual variability for several components of NPP. Further, the allocation of NPP showed a strong seasonal shift between the forest plots on clay and sandy loam soils. Combining all the data measured and obtained in this D.Phil. thesis, the overall carbon budget assessed in this lowland dipterocarp forest showed a high level of agreement with other studies in Asia using micrometeorological techniques and the situation appears to be comparable to tropical forests in Amazonia. The key difference is that the aboveground NPP is higher and is the largest component contributing to the overall carbon budget, with relatively higher carbon use efficiency (CUE). The lowland dipterocarp forest in Lambir shows higher allocation in the above-ground NPP, and there were also differences in NPP and its allocation between sandy and clay-rich plots.
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Romero-Saltos, Hugo G. "Community and Functional Ecology of Lianas in the Yasuní Forest Dynamics Plot, Amazonian Ecuador." Scholarly Repository, 2011. http://scholarlyrepository.miami.edu/oa_dissertations/529.
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I studied the community of lianas in the Yasuní Forest Dynamics Plot (YFDP), in Amazonian Ecuador. I found that species diversity of lianas in valley habitat was higher than in ridge habitat, but liana abundance was similar. I also found that community structure (species composition and their abundances) of lianas in ridge was distinct from that in valley because of the differential distribution and abundance of certain species along the topographic gradient. In an attempt to explain this phenomenon deterministically, I took two approaches: (1) to explore if trait expression of leaf-based traits, wood specific gravity and stem growth rate was different among species with ridge habitat association, species with valley habitat association, and generalist species; and (2) to explore if frequencies of different whole-plant growth strategies in the forest understory—defined by whether a liana was free-standing or already climbing, by its climbing mechanism, and by its understory appearance—were different between ridge and valley. My underlying rationale was that if certain trait expression or understory growth strategy can be associated to a given species, or group of species, and such species also drive the community structure difference between ridge and valley, then ecological insight on the biological deterministic mechanisms driving the difference can be gained. I end this one-page dissertation abstract right here and purposely leave you, the reader, perplexed—I invite you to seek answers to the liana distribution conundrum in the YFDP by perusing this dissertation.
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Sakabe, Ayaka. "Methane dynamics in a temperate forest revealed by plot-scale and ecosystem-scale flux measurements." Kyoto University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/199353.
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Kyoto University (京都大学)<br>0048<br>新制・課程博士<br>博士(農学)<br>甲第19029号<br>農博第2107号<br>新制||農||1030(附属図書館)<br>学位論文||H27||N4911(農学部図書室)<br>31980<br>京都大学大学院農学研究科地域環境科学専攻<br>(主査)教授 谷 誠, 教授 北山 兼弘, 教授 川島 茂人<br>学位規則第4条第1項該当
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Bishop, Brian David. "Classification of Plot-Level Fire-Caused Tree Mortality in a Redwood Forest Using Digital Orthophotography and Lidar." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2014. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/1171.
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Swanton Pacific Ranch is an approximately 1,300 ha working ranch and forest in northern Santa Cruz County, California, managed by California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo (Cal Poly). On August 12, 2009, the Lockheed Fire burned 300 ha of forestland, 51% of the forested area on the property, with variable fire intensity and mortality. This study used existing inventory data from 47 permanent 0.08 ha (1/5 ac) plots to compare the accuracy of classifying mortality resulting from the fire using digital multispectral imagery and LiDAR. The percent mortality of trees at least 25.4 cm (10”) DBH was aggregated to three classes (0-25, 25-50, and 50-100%). Three separate Classification Analysis and Regression Tree (CART) models were created to classify plot mortality. The first used the best imagery predictor variable of those considered, the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) calculated from 2010 National Agricultural Imagery Program (NAIP) aerial imagery, with shadowed pixel values adjusted, and non-canopy pixels removed. The second used the same NDVI in combination with selected variables from post-fire LiDAR data collected in 2010. The third used the same NDVI in combination with selected variables from differenced LiDAR data calculated using post-fire LiDAR and pre-fire LiDAR collected in 2008. The imagery alone was 74% accurate; the imagery and post-fire LiDAR model was 85% accurate, while the imagery and differenced LiDAR model was 83% accurate. These findings indicate that remote sensing data can accurately estimate post-fire mortality, and that the addition of LiDAR data to imagery may yield only modest improvement.
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Xia, Binyan. "How to Present Statistical Comparisons between Swedish Hospitals and Counties." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Statistiska institutionen, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-154805.
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Background The Swedish Association of local authorities and regions in collaboration with the national board of health and welfare produces the yearly “Swedish Health Care Report” in order to provide evaluations of the hospitals and counties in Sweden for both the politicians and the general public. Method We describe several standard methods which have been used to present the performance of each hospital or county: Forest plot (FL), League Table (LT), League Plot (LP) and Funnel Plot (FP). Using simulation technique to produce the League Plot of rank is also presented in order to illustrate the unreliable of the ranking principle. Results The league plot with confidence interval is easily understood by people, but it should provide the total number of operations (sample size) as well. The resulting multiple-indicators system gives a clear overview of the whole system, but the cut-off points used in the traffic light method is not the best choice. Several possible improved methodologies are: A league plot traffic light method and a standard funnel plot traffic light method is recommended when aiming at finding the outliers; A p=0.67 funnel plot traffic light method is suggested when wishing to divide the units into approximately equally large groups; A one-side traffic light method seems to be a wonderful choice when focusing on the bad performance units.
Books on the topic "Forest plot"
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Centre, Great Lakes Forestry. Towards environmental stratifications for optimizing forest plot locations. Great Lakes Forestry Centre, 1995.
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Michael, Papp, Cassell David, Hazard John, et al., eds. Forest health monitoring plot design and logistics study. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Atmospheric Research and Exposure Assessment Laboratory, 1991.
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James, Alegria, and Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station (Fort Collins, Colo.), eds. Stratification and plot selection rules: Misuses and consequences. USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, 1995.
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Deusen, Paul C. Van. Evaluating plot designs for the tropics =: Evaluación de diseños de parcela para areas tropicales. U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southern Forest Experiment Station, 1992.
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Claire, Losos Elizabeth, and Leigh Egbert Giles, eds. Tropical forest diversity and dynamism: Findings from a large-scale plot network. University of Chicago Press, 2004.
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Bruce, Bayle, and Southern Forest Experiment Station (New Orleans, La.), eds. Evaluating plot designs for the tropics = Evaluacion de disenos de parcela para areas tropicales. U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southern Forest Experiment Station, 1991.
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Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute. Center for Tropical Forest Science. Fushan subtropical forest dynamics plot: Tree species characteristics and distribution patterns. Taiwan Forestry Research Institute, 2007.
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Curtis, Robert O. Permanent-plot procedures for silvicultural and yield research. U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 2005.
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Curtis, Robert O. Permanent-plot procedures for silvicultural and yield research. U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 2005.
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Curtis, Robert O. Permanent-plot procedures for silvicultural and yield research. U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 2005.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Forest plot"
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Condit, Richard. "Design and Purpose of the Large Plot Network." In Tropical Forest Census Plots. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-03664-8_2.
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Condit, Richard. "Species Distribution Maps from the 50 ha Plot at Barro Colorado Island." In Tropical Forest Census Plots. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-03664-8_14.
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Sims, Allan. "Continuous NFI Design of a Sample Plot." In Principles of National Forest Inventory Methods. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-06405-0_8.
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Sims, Allan. "Sustainable Forestry Analysis Method Based on Sample Plot Data." In Principles of National Forest Inventory Methods. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-06405-0_11.
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Samejima, Hiromitsu, Motoko S. Fujita, and Ahmad Muhammad. "Impact of Industrial Tree Plantation on Ground-Dwelling Mammals and Birds in a Peat Swamp Forest in Sumatra." In Global Environmental Studies. Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-0906-3_4.
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AbstractPeat swamp forests are one of the unique ecosystems of Southeast Asia. These forests are not only a large carbon stock, but also a refuge for rich biodiversity. To understand the faunal composition and the effect of land-use changes in peat swamp forests, we investigated ground-dwelling mammals and birds using camera traps in a natural peat swamp forest and acacia forests planted in two industrial tree plantations in the Giam Siak Kecil-Bukit Batu Biosphere Reserve, Riau, Indonesia, in the Island of Sumatra.We obtained a total of 1856 records, comprising 23 species and including 11 vulnerable or endangered species, in ten plots. The range of mean trapping rates (number of records per 100 camera working days) of all animals in each plot in natural peat swamp forests were 9.22–51.85 (mean: 29.16) and 8.75–31.76 (16.42) in the wildlife reserve and protected area of the plantations respectively. The range in planted acacia forest was 2.29–6.38 (4.02). Few species were recorded in the planted acacia forests, and the species composition was different from that in the natural peat swamp forests. These differences indicate that conversion from natural peat swamp forests to planted acacia forest through development of industrial tree plantations resulting in decreased density and species richness of ground-dwelling mammals and birds. Because the ground-dwelling mammal and bird community in natural peat swamp forest is vulnerable to land use change, conservation of the remnant natural peat swamp forests and appropriate landscape design of industrial tree plantations are considered important to maintain the ecosystem.
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Quevedo-Fernández, Maria Laura, Haroldo Nicolás Silva-Imas, Lidia Florencia Pérez-de-Molas, et al. "Paraguay: Toward a Landscape Restoration of the Paraguayan Atlantic Forest." In Ecological Connectivity of Forest Ecosystems. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-82206-3_33.
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Abstract Forest landscape restoration (FLR) models with attractive economic potential are needed to pique the interest and to be adopted by private landowners—who own most of the land in Paraguay—to connect the fragments of the Paraguayan Atlantic Forest. This chapter contextualizes the process of deforestation, degradation, and fragmentation of Paraguay’s forests while also showcasing the first forest restoration initiatives in the country and recording the incipient results for the economic approach, which considers functional groups of tree species as well as the use of forest products. To establish this economically attractive approach, an experimental plot was installed in 2021 in areas belonging to the Itaipú Binacional entity in eastern Paraguay. Eight treatments were tested in a randomized block design where strips emphasized different management goals. Monitoring was carried out for up to 18 months, and the preliminary results reveal five identified treatments delivering significant differences with superior management options with respect to the survival of the species composing the strips; in the analysis of dendrometric variables, Eucalyptus stands out as a facilitating exotic species. This experimental area serves as a demonstration site for adoption by interested parties.
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Eastaugh, Chris S., Stephan A. Pietsch, Richard Petritsch, Elisabeth Pötzelsberger, and Hubert Hasenauer. "Up- and Downscaling Model Approaches for Water Relations in Forest Management from Plot to Landscape Level." In Forest Management and the Water Cycle. Springer Netherlands, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-9834-4_22.
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Massey, Richard, Logan T. Berner, Adrianna C. Foster, Scott J. Goetz, and Udayalakshmi Vepakomma. "Remote Sensing Tools for Monitoring Forests and Tracking Their Dynamics." In Advances in Global Change Research. Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-15988-6_26.
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AbstractRemote sensing augments field data and facilitates foresight required for forest management by providing spatial and temporal observations of forest characteristics at landscape and regional scales. Statistical and machine-learning models derived from plot-level field observations can be extrapolated to larger areas using remote sensing data. For example, instruments such as light detection and ranging (LiDAR) and hyperspectral sensors are frequently used to quantify forest characteristics at the stand to landscape level. Moreover, multispectral imagery and synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data sets derived from satellite platforms can be used to extrapolate forest resource models to large regions. The combination of novel remote sensing technologies, expanding computing capabilities, and emerging geospatial methods ensures a data-rich environment for effective strategic, tactical, and operational planning and monitoring in forest resource management.
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Davies, Stuart J., Nur Supardi Md Noor, James V. LaFrankie, and Peter S. Ashton. "The Trees of Pasoh Forest: Stand Structure and Floristic Composition of the 50-ha Forest Research Plot." In Pasoh. Springer Japan, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-67008-7_3.
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Niiyama, Kaoru, Abdul Rahman Kassim, Shigeo Iida, Katsuhiko Kimura, Azizi Ripin, and Simmithiri Appanah. "Regeneration of a Clear-Cut Plot in a Lowland Dipterocarp Forest in Pasoh Forest Reserve, Peninsular Malaysia." In Pasoh. Springer Japan, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-67008-7_39.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Forest plot"
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Shankari, S. Uma, Haeedir Mohameed, Megha Kulkarni, S. Aravindh, and N. Purushotham. "Cybersecurity Threat Detection in Smart Cities using Box Plot Sampling Isolation Forest." In 2025 International Conference on Intelligent Systems and Computational Networks (ICISCN). IEEE, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1109/iciscn64258.2025.10934339.
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Miezit, Olga, Edgars Dubrovskis, Dace Brizga, and Aija Berzina. "NATURAL REGENERATION OF PINUS SYLVESTRIS L. FROM SEED TREES IN POOR MINERAL SOILS." In 24th SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 2024. STEF92 Technology, 2024. https://doi.org/10.5593/sgem2024/3.1/s14.45.
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In economic forests, the productivity of forest stands should be increased as much as possible, because the global demand for timber is growing every year. Planted forest trees can be realized using the advantages of selection, naturally regenerated - faster growth can be achieved by improving the growing conditions and limiting factors that reduce or delay the formation of growth. Data were collected in 6-year-old P.sylvestris forest stands Cladinoso-callunosa and Vacciniosa. The plots were established in an area of 17.2 ha (R=7.98 m; S=200 m2), each with a seed tree in the center. The aim of the study is to evaluate the effects of left seed trees and soil preparation in furrows on the natural regeneration of Pinus sylvestris in poor mineral soils Cladinoso-callunosa and Vacciniosa. Pine trees that reached a height of 10 cm were measured for height and annual growth, diameter at the root neck, and a specific location in the plot (in the furrow or in unprepared soil and under or outside the canopy of seed trees). The diameter, height, number of seed trees, as well as the importance of the effect of the crown of seed trees and soil preparation on the natural regeneration of pine were calculated The dendrometric indicators of seed trees were calculated, the significance of the influence of the crown of seed trees and soil preparation on the natural regeneration of pine was determined. It has been established that when restoring a forest stand from left seeds of seed trees, soil preparation is necessary for both Cladinoso-callunosa and Vacciniosa, because the number of trees in the furrows is significantly higher, as well as the annual and average growth of tree height both under the crown of the seed tree and outside it ( p less than0.05) than in untreated soil. Compared to under the crown of the seed trees, the annual height increases of the Scots pine are significantly lower, therefore the seed trees should be cut down sooner up to the age of 6 than in the current practice, so as not to interfere with natural regeneration.
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Sozzi, Marco, Alessandra Virili, Wendy C. Vernaza-Cartagena, et al. "Mechanization of Field Plot Experiments Designed to Test Different Intercropping Layouts." In 2024 IEEE International Workshop on Metrology for Agriculture and Forestry (MetroAgriFor). IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/metroagrifor63043.2024.10948799.
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Straupe, Inga, Patriks Kikusts, Diana Jansone, and Aris Jansons. "VEGETATION OF SMALL-LEAVED LIME TILIA CORDATA MILL. FOREST STANDS IN LATVIA." In 24th SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 2024. STEF92 Technology, 2024. https://doi.org/10.5593/sgem2024v/3.2/s13.43.
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Broadleaved forest distribution in Europe and in Latvia is relatively small. Small-leaved lime Tilia cordata Mill. stands are even rarer, so it is important to study and protect them, as well as to assess their biodiversity and future potential. The aim of research is to investigate and assess the vegetation in lime forest stands. In total, 12 plots have been established for long-term monitoring of lime stands. In the sample plots, the survey of growing trees, dead wood, the inventory of vegetation species and the determination of the projective cover were carried out. The natural regeneration of lime was also investigated. During the research it was found out that stock of growing trees does not differ significantly by research objects. It varies from 169 to 446 m3 ha-1. The amount of dead wood in the objects is 0.06 to 56.6 m3 ha-1. The objects mainly contain debris of the II and III degrees of decomposition. The number of vegetation species found in the research objects varies from 21 to 35 species. A total of 26 species characteristic of European broad-leaved forests can be found in the objects. The projective cover of the tree, shrub and herb layers does not differ significantly from measurements in 2018. Small-leaved lime stands are stable and have continuous regeneration of lime trees under forest canopy.
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Rupsys, Petras. "STOCHASTIC SIMULATION OF SELF-THINNING." In 24th SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 2024. STEF92 Technology, 2024. https://doi.org/10.5593/sgem2024/3.1/s14.46.
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Understanding the principles of self-thinning forest ecosystems is essential for taking modern management techniques into practice. The spatial distribution of the surviving trees in a stand is influenced by a variety of factors, including tree mortality. In young forests, competition has a major role in determining spatial mortality; in older forests, random changes in the environment have a major role. The dynamics of the number of living and dead trees in the forests of central Lithuania will be addressed in this study. The Gompertz type mixed effect parameters univariate stochastic differential equations of the tree diameter, height, and occupied area combined with the normal copula function are used to derive new models for the number per ha of living and dead trees. The mean values of the dead tree size variables had much lower trajectories, which is especially apparent in mature stands, as demonstrated by the study of the individual tree size variables (height and diameter). The results are illustrated using experimental field studies carried out in Lithuania, in the municipality of Kazlu Ruda. The following information was gathered using 48 permanent test plots placed in mixed-species, uneven-aged stands: age, diameter at breast height (58,829 trees), tree position (58,829 trees), and height (10,796 trees). All results were implemented using the symbolic algebra system Maple.
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Bortsov, V. A., P. F. Shakhmatov, А. N. Kabanov, and I. S. Kochegarov. "THE STUDY OF FOREST BIOGROUPS IN THE SUBURBAN FORESTS OF NUR-SULTAN." In STATE AND DEVELOPMENT PROSPECTS OF AGRIBUSINESS. DSTU-PRINT, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.23947/interagro.2020.1.410-411.
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The article presents the results of the study of forest biogroups of 2010 planting in suburban forests Nursultan. The paper provides an assessment of the conservation of plantings on thesample plots. The greatest conservation of the birch weeping is on the sample plot 3 and it is 97.4%. The conservation of common pine and weeping birch on the sample plots 1 and 2 has not changed significantly. The average overall conservation of forest biogroups remained at a high level and amounted to 92.3%.
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Yaroshenko, Nataliia, Viktoriia Skliar, and Gert Rosenthal. "EVALUATION OF ONTOGENETIC AND VITAL STRUCTURES OF STELLIARIA HOLOSTEA L. IN BEECH FORESTS IN THE SOUTH OF LOW SAXONY, GERMANY." In 23rd SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 2023. STEF92 Technology, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2023v/3.2/s14.40.
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In this study, we conducted the plant population investigations in the Goettingen forest, located in Low Saxony, Germany, from 2022 to 2023. Our research focused on six distinct populations of Stellaria holostea L. across six plots within the forest. These plots encompassed varying tree species and forest management conditions, including a young beech managed forest (Plot #1), a virgin beech forest (Plot #2), and four managed old beech forest plots (Plots #3-6) subjected to different anthropogenic influences. To assess these coenopopulations' ontogenetic and vitality structures, we employed a range of scientific methodologies, including geobotanical description, morphometry analysis, complex vitality assessment, and statistical data analysis. Morphometric analyses allowed us to discern the characteristic size parameters of S. holostea plants within each specific habitat. Notably, our findings revealed that the ontogenetic spectra of S. holostea in areas varying in the intensity of anthropogenic influence exhibited incompleteness, except in the virgin forest plot, where all ontogenetic stages were observed. We conducted a factor analysis to gauge vitality, identifying critical morphological parameters unique to each population. Our results indicated a pronounced level of resilience in coenopopulations residing in areas devoid of forestry activities. Specifically, five of the six S. holostea populations were classified as having low vitality (class c). In contrast, the highest vitality class (class a) was predominantly observed among the populations residing in the virgin forest. This study, utilizing S. holostea as an exemplar species, highlights the considerable disruption that forestry management imparts upon the herbaceous layer of forest ecosystems and underscores the resultant degradation in population quality.
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Sun, Su, and Yingjie Victor Chen. "Smartphone-based Circular Plot Sampling for Forest Inventory." In Purdue Polytechnic Graduate Student Poster Symposium. Purdue University Library Publishing, 2025. https://doi.org/10.5703/1288284317874.
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Yahi, Djamel, and Rached-Kanouni Malika. "THE CURRENT ECOLOGICAL STATUS OF ALEPPO PINE OF EL HAMIMET FOREST (ALGERIA)." In GEOLINKS Conference Proceedings. Saima Consult Ltd, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32008/geolinks2021/b2/v3/25.
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The forest of El Hamimet, Oum el Bouaghi is a forestry and ecotourism site. Managed by the Oum El Bouaghi Forestry Department, this forest is made up of several silvicultural species (conifers) spread over an area of 1460 ha. The objective of this study is to characterize the current ecological status of Aleppo pine in El Hamimet forest (Algeria). The inventory of softwoods allowing a complete knowledge of quantitative data on the basis of dendrometric parameters collected on 4 plots. The results indicate that the floral diversity is low, characterized by 3 species. The highest abundance is marked in plot 1 with 389 individual/ha, while plot P3 has the highest volume with about 211.58 m3/ha. The vertical structure shows that the 3-5m class is the most abundant. Indeed, this work will provide a solid reference for future follow-up studies for Aleppo Pine.
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Straupe, Inga, Diāna Jansone, and Alīna Kozure. "Forest vegetation on the island of Upursala of lake Cirišs, Latvia." In Research for Rural Development 2024 : annual 30th international scientific conference. Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, 2024. https://doi.org/10.22616/rrd.30.2024.008.
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Only less than one percent of the territory of Latvia is occupied by broadleaved (trees having relatively wide flat leaves) forests. The aim of the research is to assess forest vegetation in the island of Upursala of Cirišs lake. The data is collected in four forest areas of the island. Totally 12 plots, each with an area of 200 m2 (20 x 20 m) have been created. In each plot, the accounting of growing trees and deadwood is carried out. The vegetation is measured in each forest area - the projective vegetation cover and cover of each plant species by tree, shrub, herb and moss layer are determined. The research founds that the average stock of growing trees on the island of Upursala is 565.8 m3 ha-1. The average amount of dead wood is 108 m3 ha-1, it consists mainly of fallen deadwood. Totally 45 species are listed in the vegetation plots, of which seven are determinants of European broadleaved forests. The largest number of determinant species of European broadleaved forests have been observed in stands with mixed forests (aspen - small-leaved lime – pedunculate oak, aspen – Scots pine - pedunculate oak and Scots pine – Silver birch – aspen). It can be argued that these stands will become the European broadleaved forests in the future.
Reports on the topic "Forest plot"
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Ward, Kimiora. Sierra Nevada Network high elevation white pine monitoring: 2021 annual report. National Park Service, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2302327.
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Five-needle white pines (Family Pinaceae, Genus Pinus, Subgenus Strobus), and in particular whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis), limber pine (P. flexilis), and foxtail pine (P. balfouriana) are foundation species in upper subalpine and treeline forests of several National Park Service Pacific West Region parks, including Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks (SEKI) and Yosemite National Park (YOSE). The Sierra Nevada Network Inventory & Monitoring Program, in collaboration with the Klamath Network, Upper Columbia Basin Network, and Mojave Desert Network have implemented a joint long-term monitoring protocol to assess the current status and future trends in high elevation white pine communities. Key demographic parameters within white pine forest communities will be estimated by monitoring individual trees within permanent plots through time. This report documents the results of the 2021 field season, which was the eighth year of monitoring in Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks (SEKI) and Yosemite National Park (YOSE). The 2021 goal was to complete the third full re-measure of the second of three rotating panels (Panel 2) for each species-park population: YOSE-whitebark pine, SEKI-whitebark pine, and SEKI-foxtail pine. Each panel consists of 12 permanent 50 x 50 m (2,500 m2) plots that were randomly selected for each of the three populations. The full sampling array thus includes a total of 36 whitebark pine plots in YOSE, 36 whitebark pine plots in SEKI, and 36 foxtail pine plots in SEKI. Data from plot surveys will be used to characterize white pine forest community dynamics in SEKI and YOSE, including changes in tree species composition, forest structure, forest health, and demographics. The first full measure of all Panel 2 plots was completed over two years in 2013-2014, then a full remeasure of both parks? whitebark pine Panel 2 was conducted in 2016, with 10 of 12 SEKI-foxtail plots sampled that year. A third remeasure of all Panel 2 plots was not possible in 2021 because a smaller crew size was necessary during the COVID-19 pandemic. In total, the crew visited 37 sites, and sampled 31, during the 2021 field season. One plot in the YOSE whitebark pine frame was uninstalled before reading and one plot in the SEKI whitebark pine frame was uninstalled after reading, both for safety concerns. Four plots were not visited due to lack of capacity with the reduced crew size: one in each of the YOSE and SEKI whitebark frames, and three in the SEKI foxtail frame. A plot from Panel 3 in each of the parks? whitebark frames was measured, for a total of 11 plots measured in each whitebark pine frame. Nine plots were measured in the SEKI foxtail pine frame. Within the 31 plots completed, a total of 5,728 trees was measured. Species composition, forest structure, and factors affecting tree health and reproduction, including incidence and severity of white pine blister rust (Cronartium ribicola) infection, mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae) infestation, dwarf mistletoe (Arceuthobium spp.) infection, canopy kill, female cone production and regeneration were recorded. During the 2021 field season, crews continued to count the total number of mature cones per tree for whitebark and foxtail pine, use crown condition codes to assess crown health, and tag individual seedlings to be tracked through time. All three of these procedures started in 2017 and are to be evaluated by each of the three participating networks over several years, to determine whether they should become permanent changes to the monitoring protocol. In YOSE, 11 whitebark pine plots were re-measured, from Panels 2 and 3. A total of 2,810 trees were sampled, which included 586 live whitebark pine trees and 2,097 other live conifers. An additional 127 trees (including 17 whitebark pine) were recorded as dead. The forest crew noted little sign of white pine blister rust (WPBR) in Yosemite in 2021, and just a single inactive canker was observed on one whitebark pine in Panel 3, Plot 42, near Dana Meadows. This infection was new to plot 42, and it expands the total number of plots where white pine blister rust has been documented in Yosemite to six. The crew also noted little mountain pine beetle activity, documenting beetle galleries on 15 lodgepole pines in three Panel 2 plots. Dwarf mistletoe was not observed. The average number of live whitebark pine trees per plot was 53 (SD = 56). This was a low cone crop year for whitebark pine, with two percent of live whitebark pine trees producing female cones. Cone bearing trees averaged 2 (SD = 1) cones per tree. Whitebark pine seedling density averaged 90 (SD = 157) seedlings per hectare. The largest number of whitebark pine seedlings found in a plot was four, and three of the eleven plots contained whitebark seedlings. In SEKI, 10 of 12 Panel 2, and one Panel 3, whitebark pine plots were re-measured. Within these plots, 1,246 live whitebark pine, 30 live foxtail pine, and 861 other live conifers were sampled. WPBR was infrequently documented in the SEKI whitebark frame as well, with indicators of infection in Plot 31 near Window Creek and Plot 44 near Upper State Lake. These were the first infections documented in these plots, bringing the number of plots where WPBR has been documented in the SEKI whitebark panel to nine. Although WPBR was documented in Plot 27 near Charlotte Dome in 2016, it was not documented this year because putative cankers showing three signs of infection in 2016 showed only two or fewer signs in 2021. Mountain pine beetle activity was observed in one live lodgepole pine and two recently dead whitebark pine, within three plots in the SEKI whitebark sample frame. An exception to the low levels of mountain pine beetle activity was outside Plot 31 in the Window Creek area, where the forest crew noted many recently dead whitebark pine with signs of beetle activity. Dwarf mistletoe was not encountered. The average number of live whitebark pine trees per plot was 113 (SD = 86). Less than one percent of live whitebark pine trees produced female cones, each producing on average 2 (SD = 1) cones. Whitebark seedling regeneration averaged 303 (SD = 319) seedlings per hectare. The largest number of whitebark seedlings found in a plot was eight, and eight of the 11 plots contained whitebark seedlings. Nine of the 12 SEKI foxtail Panel 3 plots were remeasured. Within these plots, 413 live foxtail pine, 67 live whitebark pine, and 402 other live conifers were sampled. Ninety-two dead or recently dead trees were also documented, 65 of which were foxtail pine. No signs of blister rust infection, mistletoe, or mountain pine beetle were observed in the foxtail plots sampled. The average number of foxtail pine trees per plot was 46 (SD = 33). Fifty-four percent of the foxtail pine trees produced female cones, averaging 14 (SD =15) cones/tree. Only one foxtail pine seedling was recorded within the 9 foxtail pine plots, resulting in an estimated 14 (SD = 41) seedlings per hectare. Eight whitebark pine seedlings were also found within two plots.
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Ashton, Isabel, and Katie Terlizzi,. Enhancing 90-years of forest monitoring at Black Rock Forest: Final Report to the Forest Ecosystem Monitoring Cooperative. Forest Ecosystem Monitoring Cooperative, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.18125/8z50y5.
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Black Rock Forest manages over 90 years of monitoring data on a 1586-hectare forest in New York. While local in geographic scope, the length and breadth of record is unique and may provide a valuable resource to better understand, manage, and protect northeastern forested ecosystems in a changing world. We requested funds to maintain long-term plot infrastructure, digitize historic records, and upgrade existing monitoring programs to better manage, share, and synthesize these novel data sets. We hired a research technician who digitized historic data, maps, and supported ongoing forest monitoring. We also began the process of standardizing and expanding our forest monitoring program. Numerous datasets were made publicly available through FEMC data archive and the Environmental Data Initiative.
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Ward, Kimiora. Sierra Nevada Network white pine monitoring: 2022 annual report. National Park Service, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2301003.
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Five-needle white pines (Family Pinaceae, Genus Pinus, Subgenus Strobus), and in particular whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis), limber pine (P. flexilis), and foxtail pine (P. balfouriana) are foundation species in upper subalpine and treeline forests of several National Park Service Pacific West Region parks, including Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks (SEKI) and Yosemite National Park (YOSE). The Sierra Nevada Network Inventory & Monitoring Program, in collaboration with the Klamath Network, Upper Columbia Basin Network, and Mojave Desert Network have implemented a joint long-term monitoring protocol to assess the current status and future trends in high elevation white pine communities. Key demographic parameters within white pine forest communities will be estimated by monitoring individual trees within permanent plots through time. This report documents the results of the 2022 field season, which was the ninth year of monitoring in SEKI and YOSE. The 2021 goal was to complete the first full measure of the third of three rotating panels (Panel 3) for each species-park population: YOSE-whitebark pine, SEKI-whitebark pine, and SEKI-foxtail pine. Each panel consists of 12 permanent 50 x 50 m (2,500 m2) plots that were randomly selected for each of the three populations. The full sampling array thus includes a total of 36 whitebark pine plots in YOSE, 36 whitebark pine plots in SEKI, and 36 foxtail pine plots in SEKI. Data from plot surveys will be used to characterize white pine forest community dynamics in SEKI and YOSE, including changes in tree species composition, forest structure, forest health, and demographics. Partial measures of Panel 3 were completed in 2017 (11 plots) in Yosemite whitebark pine, in 2017 (9 plots) in SEKI whitebark pine, and in 2014 (7 plots) and 2017-2018 (8, 1 plots) in foxtail pine. In 2022, the first full measure of all Panel 3 plots (and 2nd or 3rd remeasure of most plots) was successfully completed, and installation was completed on four of these plots in SEKI whitebark pine and two in foxtail pine. In total, the crew visited 36 sites during the 2022 field season, all from Panel 3. Within the 36 completed Panel 1 plots, a total of 6,398 trees were measured. Species composition, forest structure, and factors affecting tree health and reproduction including incidence and severity of white pine blister rust (Cronartium ribicola) infection, mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae) infestation, dwarf mistletoe (Arceuthobium spp.) infection, canopy kill, and female cone production were recorded. During the 2022 field season crews continued to count the total number of mature cones per tree for whitebark and foxtail pine, use crown condition codes to assess crown health, and tag individual seedlings to be tracked through time. All three of these procedures started in 2017 and are to be evaluated by each of the three participating networks over several years, to determine whether they should become permanent changes to the monitoring protocol. In YOSE, all 12 Panel 3 whitebark pine plots were measured. A total of 2,720 trees were sampled, which included 977 live whitebark pine trees and 1,605 other live conifers. An additional 135 trees (including 26 whitebark) were recorded as dead. The average number of live whitebark pine trees per plot was 81 (SD = 94). White pine blister rust (WPBR) aecia were observed on five whitebark pine in one plot in YOSE in 2022, and no trees in any plot had inactive cankers showing three or more indicators of WPBR. WPBR had previously been documented in this plot, so the number of plots where rust has ever been observed in Yosemite remains unchanged at six. However, an infection documented in plot 42 in 2021 was not observed again when the plot was resampled in 2022, so it is possible this number should be five. Mountain pine beetle activity was observed on one live whitebark pine and three live and one dead lodgepole pine in YOSE in 2022. Despite documentation of many stands impacted by beetle attack in the field crew notes, the quantified rate of MPB attack was lower than in 2021. Twenty-one percent of live whitebark pine trees produced female cones. Cone-bearing trees averaged 7 (SD = 10) cones/tree. Whitebark pine seedling density averaged 80 (SD = 152) seedlings per hectare. The largest number of whitebark pine seedlings found in a plot was 51 and five of the twelve plots contained whitebark seedlings. All 12 Panel 3 SEKI whitebark pine plots were measured in 2022, and installation was completed on four of these, so this Panel is now fully installed. Within these plots, 2,179 live whitebark pine, 10 live foxtail pine, and 297 other live conifers were sampled (including 5 live western white pine). The average number of live whitebark pine trees per plot was 181 (SD = 125). Although the crew observed white pine blister rust in seven SEKI whitebark Panel 3 plots, no active cankers (aecia) were observed, and no trees displayed 3 of 5 indicators, so no infections were quantified. Mountain pine beetle activity was observed in 18 live and 23 dead whitebark pine and 1 live and one dead lodgepole pine within three plots in SEKI. Dwarf mistletoe was not encountered. Seven percent of live whitebark pine trees produced female cones. Cone-bearing trees averaged 3.7 (SD = 3.6) cones/tree. Whitebark seedling regeneration averaged 700 (SD = 752) seedlings per hectare. The largest number of whitebark seedlings found in a plot was 19, and two of the 12 plots did not contain any whitebark seedlings. In the foxtail pine Panel 3, all 12 plots were measured in 2022, and installation was completed on two of these, so installation of the panel is now complete. Within these plots we measured 309 live foxtail pine, 302 live whitebark pine, and 380 other live conifers, including four live western white pine. An additional 112 dead or recently dead trees and 22 unidentified snags were also measured, 19 of which were foxtail pine. The average number of foxtail pine trees per plot was 26 (SD = 26). No signs of blister rust infection or mistletoe were observed on foxtail pine. Mountain pine beetle activity was observed on one dead foxtail pine, one live whitebark pine, and seven live and one dead lodgepole pines within four plots. Sixty-two percent of the foxtail pine trees produced female cones. Cone-bearing trees averaged 33 (SD = 53) cones/tree. Seven foxtail pine seedlings were recorded within five plots, resulting in an estimated 72 (SD = 98) seedlings per hectare. Eight whitebark pine seedlings and three lodgepole pine seedlings were also found within three additional plots.
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Biang, R. P., C. R. Yuen, H. I. Avci, and R. Haffenden. Environmental review for Site A/Plot M, Palos Forest Preserve, Cook County, Illinois. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10170073.
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Epiphan, Jean, and Steven Handel. Trajectory of forest vegetation under contrasting stressors over a 26-year period, at Morristown National Historical Park: Focused condition assessment report. National Park Service, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2297281.
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The Jockey Hollow section and the New Jersey Brigade Area of Morristown National Historical Park (MORR) are predominantly comprised of upland oak-hickory forests that have regrown over the past 200 years from previous land uses. The forest is being damaged by two major stressors, a large population of white-tailed deer and an abundance of non-native, invasive shrubs and herbaceous species. This study explores changes to the forest over 26 years and suggests management techniques to avoid future degradation. The forest is typical of many upland stands in the region, and studies here would be applicable to many lands controlled by the National Park Service and to many public and private land owners. In 1995, 18 vegetation experimental plots were established in the forest, each 20 x 20 m. Ten plots were in areas that had no non-native, invasive plants. The other eight plots had invasive species. All trees, shrubs and a sampling of herbs were recorded in each of the 18 plots. At that time, no GPS technology was available and handwritten maps were used to record locations. The plots were revisited and resurveyed in 2001; however, only 13 plots were found. This 2021 study is a new survey of the plot conditions. The investigators were able to relocate 17 of the original plots. New GPS locations were recorded for these 17 plots to facilitate future studies. The goal of the study was to test if changes over 26 years in forest conditions differed between the original invaded plots as compared to the uninvaded plots. Also, these data will allow us to measure the progress of invasion into previously uninvaded areas. Together, these results will allow the forest managers to focus attention on the most aggressive plant invaders and to understand the fate of this forest type that is being challenged by deer and non-native plants. Over the last 26 years there has been no hunting for deer here. Also, the plots were not within the few deer exclosures at MORR; deer were able to enter the landscape from surrounding heavily wooded areas. Data were collected in four layers of vegetation – mature trees, saplings, shrubs, and herbaceous groundcovers. The mature trees in the invaded forest plots demonstrated declining trends. The species richness declined by 6%, the average number of trees declined by 30%, white ash and flowering dogwood had the most losses, and basal area did not increase over time because very few new saplings grew into mature tree sizes. The uninvaded plots’ mature trees also revealed a 20% declined in richness, number of trees declined by 18%, the greatest losses occurred for red maple and black birch, but basal area increased slightly due to growth of large persisting trees. Saplings in the invaded forest experienced declines over the 26 years. Species richness declined by 38%, number of native saplings decreased by 44%, and number of invasive saplings increased by 600%. In the uninvaded forest, the conditions and trends were variable. Richness decreased by 21%, no invasive saplings found, number of native saplings increased by 37% (due to increases in American beech). With American beech excluded, the number of native saplings decreased by 60%. In both forest types, the declining number of native saplings was primarily caused by excessive deer damage. For the shrub layer in invaded plots, Japanese barberry stems increased by 122% by 2001 and 276% by 2021. Barberry became the dominant species. Similarly, wineberry stands increased 486% in 2001 and 157% for 2021. It is now the second most common species. However, in the uninvaded plots there was no significant increase in the number of barberry stems and wineberry was not present in 1995 or 2001, and only averaged 1.5 stems per plot in 2021. Neither species has a significant presence now and eradication is possible. A major finding is that the process of invasion of these shrubs over 26 years is very slow. For the herbaceous plants, in the invaded plots there was a sharp decrease in cover by 2021 due to the competitive impact by the abundant invasive shrubs. The invasive Japanese stiltgrass declined 86% in cover and native Carex (sedge) species declined by 78%. In the uninvaded forest plots, stiltgrass was present in very low amounts and did not increase significantly over 26 years. The number of quadrats with any stiltgrass only increased from 3 to 5 over the 26 years. These data show that stiltgrass invades slowly in the uninvaded plots, but in the invaded plots it was greatly replaced by invasive shrubs. Overall, the rate of change of the native herb cover was slow. Together, these data suggest that currently uninvaded forest areas can be protected by monitoring and rigorously eliminating any initial invasions by non-native shrubs and herbs. Once these species reach a significant presence in number of stems or cover in a plot they explode in number. Early intervention when invasive plants first appear is the most practical management tool. Reduction of deer density will also increase the reproductive potential and sustainability of our main forest tree species. Planting of new young canopy tree species, with protection from deer, can retard the ability of invasive plants to begin new populations.
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Boyle, M., and Elizabeth Rico. Terrestrial vegetation monitoring at Fort Matanzas National Monument: 2019 data summary. National Park Service, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrds-2293409.
Full textAbstract:
The Southeast Coast Network (SECN) conducts long-term terrestrial vegetation monitoring as part of the nationwide Inventory and Monitoring Program of the National Park Service (NPS). The vegetation community vital sign is one of the primary-tier resources identified by SECN park managers, and it is currently conducted at 15 network parks (DeVivo et al. 2008). Monitoring plants and their associated communities over time allows for targeted understanding of ecosystems within the SECN geography, which provides managers information about the degree of change within their parks’ natural vegetation. 2019 marks the first year of conducting this monitoring effort at four SECN parks, including Fort Matanzas National Monument (FOMA). Nine vegetation plots, located on Anastasia and Rattlesnake Islands, were established at Fort Matanzas National Monument in June. Data collected in each plot included species richness across multiple spatial scales, species-specific cover and constancy, species-specific woody stem seedling/sapling counts and adult tree (greater than 10 centimeters [3.9 inches {in}]) diameter at breast height (DBH), overall tree health, landform, soil, observed disturbance, and woody biomass (i.e., fuel load) estimates. This report summarizes the baseline (year 1) terrestrial vegetation data collected at Fort Matanzas National Monument in 2019. Data were stratified across two dominant broadly defined habitats within the park (Maritime Upland Forests/Shrublands and Maritime Open Uplands). Noteworthy findings include: Eighty-two vascular plant taxa (species or lower) were observed across nine vegetation plots, including eight species not previously documented within the park. The most frequently encountered species in each broadly defined habitat included: Maritime Upland Forests and Shrublands: saw palmetto (Serenoa repens), yaupon (Ilex vomitoria), southern/eastern red cedar (Juniperus silicicola + virginiana), American beautyberry (Callicarpa americana), and American burnweed (Erectites hieraciifolius). Maritime Open Uplands: sea oats (Uniola paniculata), earleaf greenbriar (Smilax auriculata), and dixie sandmat (Euphorbia bombensis). ne non-native species, Brazilian pepper (Schinus terebinthifolia), categorized as invasive by the Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council (FLEPPC 2019) was encountered in one Maritime Upland Forest and Shrubland plot during this monitoring effort. There were not any rare plants tracked by the Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services (FDACS 2020) found during this monitoring effort. All plants located in these monitoring plots are fairly common throughout Florida, as well as across the Southeast Coast. Three species observed, however, are on the FDACS 2020 list of commercially exploited plants within the state. These include saw palmetto, cinnamon fern (Osmundastrum cinnamomeum), and coontie (Zamia integrifolia var. umbrosa). Southern/eastern red cedar and cabbage palmetto (Sabal palmetto) were the most dominant species within the tree stratum of the Maritime Upland Forest and Shrubland habitat type. Species that dominated the sapling and seedling strata of this type included yaupon and cabbage palmetto. More than 75% of the trees measured in the parks Maritime Upland Forest and Shrubland habitat type were alive and experiencing healthy vigor. Of the 22 trees that were dead, more than 50% of those were southern/eastern red cedar. Most of those individuals that were observed with moderate or severe decline and greater than 50% dieback were southern/eastern red cedars. Although red bay (Persea borbonia) was identified as one of the “principal understory tree” species within Fort Matanzas National Monument’s maritime forests in 2004 (Zomlefer et al. 2004), tree-sized individuals were rarely detected on plots during this monitoring effort. This may be in part due to the detection of laurel wilt disease within St. Johns County in 2006 (USDA 2021). Based on the low detection...
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Zimmerman, Ephraim, and Staphanie Perles. Vegetation monitoring in relation to white-tailed deer browsing in First State National Historical Park: 2021 summary report. National Park Service, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2299655.
Full textAbstract:
Baseline information on canopy regeneration and plant community composition is needed in order to better understand white-tailed deer browsing impacts at First State National Historical Park (FRST). In 2021, the Pennsylvania Natural Heritage Program (PNHP) established 20 permanent vegetation monitoring plots following methods developed by the NPS Eastern Rivers and Mountains Network (ERMN) to assess and monitor trends in vegetation (Perles et al. 2014b; Perles et al. 2017). These protocols provided an efficient method of assessing the current status of native and non-native vegetation and deer browsing impact. This report documents the methodology used to quantify the vegetative composition of natural areas at FRST and provides a summary of the data collected in the first year of monitoring. This first year’s activities (2021) included the initial baseline vegetation assessment and summary of results from the baseline data analysis. A variety of metrics used to assess the impact of deer browsing on the vegetation were calculated and are presented. A second survey is proposed for 2024. PNHP used the NPS ERMN database and analysis methods (Perles et al. 2014b) to summarize the condition in year 1 (2021). In year 4 (2024), PNHP will investigate changes in the condition of browse-sensitive understory plants and tree seedlings. Plots occurred in a variety of settings, ranging from younger successional communities to more mature forest stands. Seventy-five percent (75%) of the plots occurred in Mature or Late Successional forests. Disturbances and stressors, such as deer browsing can strongly influence future forest structure as open woodlands mature. A large population of white-tailed deer may severely impact succession from the open woodlands towards closed canopy forest. In closed canopy, later successional forests, a large deer population may inhibit canopy tree recruitment leading to regeneration failure. Given that FRST managers desire to maintain the landscape as forest, it is important to maintain an adequate number of seedlings and saplings of tree species to ensure the persistence of canopy of native tree species as Mature and Late Successional Forests continue to age. The 20 permanent sampling plots occurred within 5 plant communities described by Ebert (2016) and were classified using agglomerative hierarchical clustering (HAC analysis) and indicator species analysis. The most common plant communities within the group of sampling plots were the Mixed oak – beech forest and Mesic mixed tulip – oak-hickory-beech forest. The remaining plots were found in successional Tuliptree woodland, Successional woodland, and Thicket types. All plots were assigned to these types described in Ebert (2016) and crosswalked to the National Vegetation Classification (USNVC). A total of 128 plant species were recorded from the 20 plots at FRST. Eighteen (18) species were found in over ½ of the plots surveyed, of which eight (8) were non-native. In all, 29 plants occurring in the plots (23% of total species richness) were considered introduced (non-native). Non-native plant cover ranged from 0–98% as measured in the monitoring plot quadrats. Indicators of deer browsing varied by plant community type at FRST. In general, the drier Mixed oak – beech forests showed substantially greater impact of deer browsing and fewer seedlings of canopy species in the understory. FRST monitoring protocols focus on a few plant species considered as preferred food for white-tailed deer. Sustained browsing may be affecting long-term viability of these species within the parks. Based on the status of these regeneration metrics in FRST, we suggest that the forest in FRST are in imminent regeneration failure. We define imminent failure as parks that are experiencing severe regeneration failure and are at risk of forest loss due to very low seedling and sapling abundance, as well as species mismatches between canopy and regeneration layers. Given the poor regeneration of canopy species across all community types at FRST, managers should seek opportunities to conduct adaptive management in the park’s forests, especially mixed oak – beech forest, to experiment with and monitor the effects of fire, browse exclosures, and canopy thinning to encourage native canopy tree regeneration.
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Andersen, Hans-Erik, Jacob Strunk, and Robert J. McGaughey. Using high-performance global navigation satellite system technology to improve Forest Inventory and Analysis plot coordinates in the Pacific region. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/pnw-gtr-1000.
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White, Rickie, Carl Nordman, Lindsey Smart, et al. Forest vegetation monitoring protocol for the Cumberland Piedmont Network: Protocol Narrative?Version 2.1. National Park Service, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2302353.
Full textAbstract:
In 2003, ?vegetation communities? were selected as one of the highest priority vital signs of importance across the Cumberland Piedmont Network (CUPN) parks (Leibfreid et al. 2005). The protocol described in this document will address all aspects of monitoring this vital sign. The primary monitoring goal is to assess status and trends of ecological health for park forest vegetation communities, including key communities of management concern where possible. By assessing status and trends for key metrics, we can obtain a more complete picture of the status of forest vegetation communities in the parks and the trends in ecological health for these communities. For instance, by repeatedly measuring one key metric of plant species composition within the same plots over the years, we can determine how quickly and profoundly invasive plant species are affecting the native vegetation and whether specific species are appearing or disappearing from plots. This information can be critical in helping land managers detect trends before they are visible qualitatively and setup more specific studies to determine the root causes of such trends. This protocol is intended for use by the Cumberland Piedmont Network and was designed to efficiently collect, analyze, and disseminate scientifically credible information to help park managers and researchers understand how the forest vegetation communities of the parks are changing. To fully implement this protocol, read the entire document and all appendices, as well as the standard operating procedures (SOPs; published separately). The appendices and SOPs contain detailed information on implementation not provided in the main body of the document. Datasheets have been designed so data collection is sequential starting with SOP 3: Site Selection and Plot Establishment?Version 1.48 (CUPN 2023a) and ending with SOP 10: Soil Measurements?Version 1.1 (CUPN 2023b). The SOPs are intended to serve as a reference for field teams implementing this protocol. It is anticipated field teams will be knowledgeable of their content and maintain a copy for reference as part of the required field equipment.
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Smith, Sean, Lauren Youngblood, Micah Wright, and Phillip van Mantgem. Vegetation community monitoring: Forest structure in Klamath Network parks. National Park Service, 2025. https://doi.org/10.36967/2311589.
Full textAbstract:
The Klamath Network, comprising six national park units in northern California and southern Oregon, initiated a vegetation monitoring protocol in 2011 to discern ecologically significant vegetation trends in these parks. The premise of the protocol is that multivariate analyses of species composition data is the most robust means for early detection of vegetation change over time. Here, we present these community metrics based on our sampling efforts from 2011 to 2019. Observations from the first sampling event (2011–2013) were used to establish baseline conditions for the vegetation communities. Observations from subsequent sampling in 2014–2019 were used to identify potential temporal variation in forest structure across habitat types and parks. Park landscapes were categorized into three strata: matrix (low- to mid-elevation upland habitats), riparian (within 10 m of a perennial stream), and high-elevation (above a predefined elevation, park-specific). At the onset of the network’s vegetation monitoring protocol, 241 permanent plots were established at random locations across the three strata. We present summary statistics from three repeated samplings (2011–2019) of each plot, describing variation in forest structure across broad habitat types and parks. Observable differences in forest structure aligned with expected productivity gradients across the parks. Measures of forest structure (vegetation cover, stem density, basal area, tree heights, height to live crown, shrub cover, and surface fuels) were generally higher in mesic sites, compared to sites located in more arid, continental climates. Differences across sampling frames also followed this general pattern of productivity. Matrix and riparian sampling frames had similar ranges of values in most cases, while high elevation sites had relatively lower stem density, basal area, shrub cover, fuels, and recruitment. Notably, we observed a relative lack of change in forest structure over time. This is not surprising given the relatively short (six-year) timespan of observations in each park. The fourth set of Klamath Network surveys (2021–2023) is likely to show substantial changes in vegetation cover and forest structure, particularly for parks that have recently experienced major fires. Continued long-term vegetation monitoring is crucial for understanding ecosystem responses to a rapidly changing world. This report on vegetation composition is the second in a series; upcoming reports will analyze structure and function, aiming to detect spatiotemporal trends.