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1

Tacconi, Luca. "The process of forest conservation in Vanuatu : a study in ecological economics /." [Canberra : s.n.], 1995. http://www.library.unsw.edu.au/%7Ethesis/adt-ADFA/public/adt-ADFA20041111.140928/index.html.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of New South Wales.<br>Photocopy of original held in Defence Academy Library, University College, University of New South Wales. Includes bibliographical references. Also issued online.
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Mudekwe, John. "The impact of subsistence use of forest products and the dynamics of harvested woody species populations in a protected forest reserve in Western Zimbabwe." Thesis, Link to the online version, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/1179.

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Hummel, Brittany Ann. "Seeing the Forests for the Tourists: Forest-Based Entrepreneurial Tourism Enterprises in the Northeast." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2008. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/HummelBA2008.pdf.

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Schultze, Juliane [Verfasser], and Albert [Akademischer Betreuer] Reif. "Nature conservation evaluation of strictly protected forest reserves : an exemplary application in Germany." Freiburg : Universität, 2015. http://d-nb.info/111989879X/34.

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Turegård, Björn. "Traditional forest reserves and their contribution to conservation biology in Babati District, Tanzania." Thesis, Södertörn University College, School of Life Sciences, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-2644.

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<p>Traditional forest reserves are protected natural forests established by ancestors to perform many socio-cultural functions and are protected in accordance to customary laws, not based on government legislation. These reserves generally have a long history with well preserved forests that could demonstrate what the surrounding environment could have looked liked, if humans had not altered it. Therefore, the traditional forest reserves might have significant ecological value and a potential high biodiversity. During February and March of 2009 a field study with semi-structured interviews and
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Barahona, Túpac A. "The impact of human practices on forest remnants people and conservation in a small nature reserve in western Nicaragua." Ohio : Ohio University, 2001. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou987449787.

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7

Ball, Ian R. "Mathematical applications for conservation ecology : the dynamics of tree hollows and the design of nature reserves /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 2000. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phb1868.pdf.

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Fernandez, Beraud Leticia. "Master plan of the Mbaracaju nature reserve of Paraguay." Virtual Press, 1992. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/845972.

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This creative project consists of the design of a Master Plan for the Mbaracaju Forest Reserve, a 143,000 acre site in eastern Paraguay which is part of the devastated Atlantic Forest , an area requiring urgent conservation action. This creative project adresses site inventory and analysis, programming, land uses, site specific facility development guidelines, and three Master Plan Alternatives. The Master Plan seeks to support environmental preservation, sustainable development, and environmental education. The hypothesis of this project is that preservation and environmentally sound use of t
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Mogaka, Hezron Rasugu. "Analysis of forest resource values to local communities in Kenya : comparative study cases of the Kakamega and Ntugi-Kijege reserves." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.366900.

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Longo, Luccas Guilherme Rodrigues. "Análise da Avifauna da RPPN Rio dos Pilões (Santa Isabel, SP), visando à conservação das espécies de um "Hotspot" da Mata Atlântica." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11150/tde-08082007-163301/.

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A maior parte da biodiversidade global está concentrada nas florestas tropicais. Um dos principais fatores que ocasionam o desaparecimento dessa diversidade é a perda de hábitats pelas ações antrópicas, como o desmatamento e o crescimento urbano desordenado. Fragmentos florestais que possuem elevada biodiversidade, altas taxas de endemismo e fortes pressões antrópicas, são chamados de hotspots. A Floresta Atlântica é um dos hotspots brasileiros mais devastados. Por serem sensíveis as alterações do ambiente, as aves são consideradas importantes bioindicadores da qualidade dos ecossistemas. O pr
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Ranieri, Victor Eduardo Lima. "Reservas legais: critérios para localização e aspectos de gestão." Universidade de São Paulo, 2004. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18138/tde-16102009-170059/.

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A destruição de ambientes naturais é um dos mais reconhecidos problemas ambientais de âmbito global que, entre outras conseqüências, provoca impactos como perda de biodiversidade e degradação dos solos e da água. Tais impactos se refletem nos sistemas econômicos e sociais, o que tem conduzindo a discussão das estratégias de conservação da natureza por rumos que incluem, não somente questões técnicas, como também aspectos políticos. Além das estratégias de proteção baseadas em terras públicas, a conservação da biodiversidade e dos recursos hídricos em áreas sob domínio privado, é uma necessidad
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Lindhe, Anders. "Conservation through management : cut wood as substrate for saproxylic organisms /." Uppsala : Dept. of Entomology, Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences, 2004. http://epsilon.slu.se/s300.pdf.

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Forrester, Wayne Steven. "Fruit-feeding butterfly assemblages at Dlinza and Entumeni Nature Reserves, KwaZulu-Natal : a quantitative biodiversity study / cWayne S. Forrester." Thesis, North-West University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/9167.

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Fruit-feeding butterfly assemblages at two indigenous forests in KwaZulu-Natal, the Dlinza and Entumeni forests were studied with baited traps during a year cycle June 2008-May 2009 and an additional March-May 2010 (autumn) survey. A total of 2801 butterflies were trapped, which consisted of 28 species, representing five subfamilies of the Nymphalidae, with the most abundant and species rich subfamily being Charaxinae. Higher than expected abundances and numbers of species trapped during the present study, though significantly lower than some tropical areas in Africa, demonstrate that this tec
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Almeida, Vinicius Campos de. "Aspectos florísticos, estruturais e fitogeográficos do componente arbóreo em florestas maduras na Serra da Mantiqueira Sul, Minas Gerais, Brasil." Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF), 2016. https://repositorio.ufjf.br/jspui/handle/ufjf/4517.

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Lui, Gabriel Henrique. "Ocupação humana e transformação da paisagem na Amazônia brasileira." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/91/91131/tde-25112008-102846/.

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Poucos ambientes terrestres deixaram de sofrer algum nível de interferência humana. As populações pré-históricas tiveram um papel importante na formação de determinadas paisagens e, como conseqüência, suas ações contribuíram para as características das paisagens atuais. Na Amazônia, tais transformações antropogênicas são inferidas por indícios de: (1) queimadas; (2) assentamentos; (3) ilhas de florestas manejadas; (4) diques em formatos geométricos; (5) terra preta; (6) campos elevados; (7) redes de transporte e comunicação; (8) estruturas para manejo da água e da pesca; entre outros. A partir
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Thomas, Christopher. "Participatory Forest Management and Actor Role Dependency in Arabuko-Sokoke Forest Reserve, Kenya." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/13333.

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Conservation management of state-controlled forests has shifted away from strict, centralized management by incorporating community-based co-management initiatives. Often termed participatory forest management, these initiatives include local residents in forest planning, implementation, and management. This thesis examines two case studies located at the Arabuko-Sokoke Forest Reserve, Kenya. The case studies illustrate how imbalances of power establish participant (actor) roles through policies set by governments and NGOs. Power imbalances are perpetuated through hegemonies of postcolonialism
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Bocci, Corinne Frances. "The Economic Effects of Community Forest Management in the Maya Biosphere Reserve." The Ohio State University, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1562859893572782.

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Masozera, Michel K. "Socioeconomic impact analysis of the conservation of the Nyungwe Forest Reserve, Rwanda." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2002. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE1001165.

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Ashkan, Far Mino. "The Joint Forest Management of Ufiome Forest Reserve and Sustainable Development : A case study in Babati District, Tanzania." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för livsvetenskaper, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-9732.

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The objective of this Bachelor Thesis is to study the participatory forest management of Ufiome Forest Reserve in Babati, Tanzania. Further the aim is to determine whether the Joint Forest Management of Ufiome can be considered as a part of a sustainable development. The concept of Sustainable Development is discussed in relation to the forest management of Ufiome. Through the method of semi-structured interviews during a 3 week field study in Babati District, Tanzania, came the conclusion that the Joint Forest Management of Ufiome was considered successful in conserving the forest and the eco
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Orlando, Heloisa Helena R. V. "The fragmented forest : environmental conservation and legal protection in reserve areas in the Brazilian Amazon rain forest." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.284285.

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Dalwai, Raheem. "Biogeochemical niche construction in the forest-fynbos mosaic of Jonkershoek Nature Reserve, South Africa." Bachelor's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/12765.

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Includes bibliographical references.<br>The south-western Cape of South Africa is dominated by fynbos vegetation with patches of forest restricted to rock screes and stream banks owing to the more favourable moisture status of these microhabitats. A detailed analysis of soil underlying forest and fynbos vegetation in Jonkershoek Nature Reserve was investigated. A total of nine soil pits were dug in forest and on fynbos slopes with high and low gradients. Pits were analysed by depth examining texture while soil was also sent for x-ray fluorescent analysis and carbon and nitrogen analysis. Evide
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Tengö, Maria. "Management Practices for Dealing with Uncertainty and Change : Social-Ecological Systems in Tanzania and Madagascar." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för systemekologi, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-309.

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The development of human societies rests on functioning ecosystems. This thesis builds on integrated theories of linked social-ecological systems and complex adaptive systems to increase the understanding of how to strengthen the capacity of ecosystems to generate services that sustain human well-being. In this work, I analyze such capacity in human-dominated production ecosystems in Tanzania and Madagascar, and how this capacity is related to local management practices. Resilience of social-ecological systems refers to the capacity to buffer change, to re-organize following disruption, and fo
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Mushonga, Tafadzwa. "Militarisation of conservation, violence and local people: the case of Sikumi Forest Reserve in Zimbabwe." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/29775.

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Violence in protected areas has become more pronounced in the last decade due to the increasing use of military practices in conservation. This study examines the texture and nature of everyday militarisation and violence effected in protected areas different from national parks and wildlife conservation. It also examines the consequences of militarised conservation on people living in, or adjacent to, these protected areas. The analysis takes a case study and ethnographic approach. It is embedded in daily patrol activities of the state paramilitary unit responsible for conservation enforcemen
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Macdonald, Fraser Ross. "Parks, people, and power: the social effects of protecting the Ngel Nyaki Forest Reserve in eastern Nigeria." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Sociology and Anthropology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/978.

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The thesis outlines the impacts produced on local indigenous people by the protection of the Ngel Nyaki Forest Reserve in Taraba State, eastern Nigeria. After locating my work in various fields of literature and providing detailed background information on the area in which I conducted my fieldwork and the people who inhabit that area, I proceed onto the core of my thesis, which is two-fold. Firstly, I outline the impacts produced on the local people who inhabit the settlements surrounding the reserve. I elucidate the social, cultural, psychological, economic, and residential impacts of protec
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Gunawardena, U. A. D. P. "Economic evaluation of conservation benefits : a case study of Sinharaja Rain Forest Reserve in Sri Lanka." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.651873.

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Rapid degradation of forest due to direct exploitation and conversion into other land uses is the major problem faced by the forestry sector of Sri Lanka. The negligence of the economics of environmental aspects is one of the major reasons for this problem. The timber value has widely been recognised as the only value held by forests, while many goods and services provided by forests are not being identified, quantified or valued. Conservation values of forests have not been evaluated either at local or global levels resulting in under-investment in conservation. Therefore, the valuing of yet
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Barahona, Tupac A. "THE IMPACT OF HUMAN PRACTICES ON FOREST REMNANTS: PEOPLE AND CONSERVATION IN A SMALL NATURE RESERVE IN WESTERN NICARAGUA." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2001. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou987449787.

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Lubbe, Richard Andrew. "Vegetation and flora of the Kosi Bay Coastal Forest Reserve in Maputaland, northern KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa." Diss., University of Pretoria, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/80111.

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The vegetation of the Kosi Bay Coastal Forest Reserve was classified by means of Braun-Blanquet and TWINSPAN procedures. Twelve major plant communities were identified, occurring along a gradient from the inland fresh water habitats, to the beach with influences from strong winds and salt spray. Some of these communities were further divided into plant communities and sub-communities giving a total of 27 plant communities and three sub-communities. A vegetation map was compiled for the study area using Geographical Information System procedures. Veld condition was good and the grazing cap
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Dolisca, Frito Teeter Lawrence Dale. "Population pressure, land tenure, deforestation, and farming systems in Haiti : the case of Forét des Pins Reserve." Auburn, Ala., 2005. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/2005%20Summer/doctoral/DOLISCA_FRITO_25.pdf.

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Gomes, Carlos Valério Aguiar. "Dynamics of land use in an Amazonian extractive reserve the case of the Chico Mendes Extractive Reserve in Acre, Brazil /." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2001. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0000320.

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Cashion, Erin Brooke. "Avian Use Of Riparian Habitats And The Conservation Reserve Program: Migratory Stopover In Agroecosystems." The Ohio State University, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1307904873.

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Moreira, Fabiano Mazzilli de Souza. "Código Florestal Brasileiro: métodos para localização de reservas legais e comparação de propostas de alteração da lei." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18139/tde-05122011-140658/.

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No Brasil, o surgimento da primeira versão do Código Florestal em 1934 pelo Decreto 23.793 e posteriormente do Novo Código Florestal (CF) em 1965 (Lei 4.771) refletem a preocupação da sociedade em utilizar de forma racional o território nacional. No que se refere à conservação e gestão de recursos naturais, o CF vigente estabelece dois importantes instrumentos de conservação: as Áreas de Preservação Permanente (APPs) e as Reservas Legais (RLs). A localização das APPs é imutável e as RLs podem ser locadas de diferentes formas, segundo critérios estabelecidos pela Lei e complementados pelos Esta
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Dislich, Ricardo. "Análise da vegetação arbórea e conservação na Reserva Florestal da Cidade Universitária \"Armando de Salles Oliveira\", São Paulo, SP." Universidade de São Paulo, 2002. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/41/41134/tde-23012006-225920/.

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Este trabalho analisa aspectos, em diversas escalas temporais e espaciais, da estrutura e dinâmica da comunidade arbórea na Reserva da Cidade Universitária Armando de Salles Oliveira (CUASO) (23º33\' S, 46º43\' W), em São Paulo, SP. A partir dos dados obtidos são sugeridas ações de manejo para fins de conservação da comunidade arbórea no local. A Reserva é uma mancha de floresta secundária com cerca de 10 ha de área. O histórico (1930-1994) das modificações da paisagem no entorno (330 ha) da Reserva é descrito, e evidencia o processo de urbanização ocorrido no período, com conseqüente diminuiç
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Ahimbisibwe, Beine Peter. "A socio-economic assessment of the impacts of invasive alien plant species on forestry production the case of Senna spectabilis in Budongo forest reserve, Uganda /." Diss., Pretoria : [s.n.], 2009. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-11302009-210738/.

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Gueye, Kinne. "Revisiting patterns and processes of forest cover change in the tropics : a case study from southeast Mexico." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2018. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/277491.

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Vast progress has been made in detecting rates of tropical deforestation, yet the relationship between visible patterns of forest change, multi-scalar human processes and the underlying drivers associated with them is poorly understood. Building on satellite imagery, a household livelihood survey and semi-structured interviews, this research scrutinised changes of forest cover from the mid-1990s to 2015 in a municipality located in southeastern Mexico and investigated the proximate causes and underlying drivers of change at the household and community levels. Emerging evidence indicated that,
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Traill, Lochran (Lochran William). "Habitat partitioning, and an assessment of habitat suitability using presence data, of a large herbivore communitiy on a Zimbabwean private wildlife reserve." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/16449.

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Thesis (MFor)--University of Stellenbosch, 2003.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The factors determining habitat selection of large herbivores, on a private wildlife reserve in semi-arid southeastern Zimbabwe, were investigated. Gross vegetative structure, herbaceous composition and topographic features thought to determine herbivore distribution were measured. Seasonal variation in resource distribution was considered, and research therefore extended over an entire year. Herbivore distribution and ecological niche separation was explained through several important environmental variables, and pot
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Stults, Shelby A. "Quantifying Environmental Services: A Spatial Analysis of Northern Guatemala." The Ohio State University, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1524062954466614.

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Azevedo, Guilherme Benelli de. "Composição, estrutura e diversidade em floresta ombrófila na Reserva Biológica do Jaru-RO." Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, 2014. http://ri.ufmt.br/handle/1/725.

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Sant'Anna, Ana Cláudia. "O uso econômico da reserva legal no Cerrado: uma simulação do extrativismo sustentável do pequi." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11132/tde-28062011-084246/.

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O Código Florestal, instituído pela Lei Federal No 4.771, de 15 de setembro de 1965, obriga proprietários de terras em Goiás e de Minas Gerais a manter 20% de suas áreas como Reserva Legal (RL) (essa percentagem pode variar de um estado para outro). Essa medida, se por um lado, beneficia a população conservando o Cerrado e lhe garantindo a oferta de serviços ambientais, por outro, prejudica o proprietário que incorre em custos marginais privados maiores que os seus benefícios marginais. A manutenção da RL gera externalidades positivas para a população, mas, o baixo risco de punição incentiva o
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Parmain, Guilhem. "Contribution de différents éléments forestiers et non-forestiers de la trame de très vieux bois à la diversité des coléoptères saproxyliques." Thesis, Orléans, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ORLE2017/document.

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La disparition et la fragmentation d’habitat sont considérées comme des causes majeures de l’érosion de la biodiversité.Les forêts sont parmi les plus riches écosystèmes terrestres de la planète. La simplification structurelle et la disparition d’éléments d’habitats clés qui résultent de leur exploitation mettent en péril la biodiversité qu’elles abritent.Grâce à l’analyse de différents jeux de données mutualisés entre plusieurs laboratoires et de deux jeux de donnéesoriginaux générés par mes travaux, l’objectif de cette thèse est d’évaluer le rôle joué par plusieurs éléments de la Trame de Tr
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Silva, Muñoz Rodrigo Adrian [Verfasser], Jan [Akademischer Betreuer] Barkmann, Tobias [Gutachter] Plieninger, and Mateluna Pablo [Gutachter] Villalobos. "Cost-effective priority areas for the conservation of the Maulino coastal forest and Cost-effectiveness gains by considering climate change effects in reserve network planning of Nothofagus alessandrii (Ruil) / Rodrigo Adrian Silva Muñoz ; Gutachter: Tobias Plieninger, Pablo Villalobos Mateluna ; Betreuer: Jan Barkmann." Göttingen : Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1199608327/34.

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Solly, Hilary. ""Vous êtes grands, nous sommes petits": the implications of Bulu history, culture and economy for an Integrated Conservation and Development Project (ICDP) in the Dja Reserve, Cameroon." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211362.

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Senterre, Bruno. "Recherches méthodologiques pour la typologie de la végétation et la phytogéographie des forêts denses d'Afrique tropicale." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210954.

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I. An original methodological discussion is proposed on the problem of the typology of tropical rain forest’s plant communities, based on the study of forest types across gradients of continentality and elevation, within Atlantic central Africa. These investigations were based on the statement that the main problems in forest typology are related to the non-zonal or zonal character of the different vegetation types and to non considering the relations and differences between forest strata.<p><p>II. Field data consisted in phytosociological homogeneous sample plots localized within different re
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Ball, Ian R. (Ian Randall). "Mathematical applications for conservation ecology : the dynamics of tree hollows and the design of nature reserves / Ian R. Ball." 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/19542.

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Bibliography: leaves 170-179.<br>vi, 179 leaves : ill. ; 30 cm.<br>Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library.<br>Describes a deterministic computer model for simulating forest dynamics which is the applied to a number of different timber harvesting scenarios in the mountain ash (Eucalyptus regnans F.Muell.) forests of Victoria, south-eastern Australia. Also looks at a number of new mathematical problems in the design of nature reserve systems.<br>Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Depts. of Applied Mathematics, Envir
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Tieguhong, Julius Chupezi. "Ecotourism for sustainable development : economic valuation of recreational potentials of protected areas in the Congo Basin." Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/5279.

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This study was designed to capture the complexity of man-to-forest relationships in the endangered, world-renowned tropical rain forests of the Congo Basin in Africa. Their biological complexity and integrity have been challenged by human development and new knowledge is urgently needed to save these forests and the people dependent on them. The scope of the study was enormous because of the complexity of the resource, the diversity of forest-dependent people and actors. The major benefit of this research was in accessing and exposing new and quantitative information in remote settlements of t
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Gittelman, Melissa Laurel. "Protecting the forests and the people : exploring alternative conservation models that include the needs of communities : an Ecuadorian case study." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/29189.

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This research explores differences in environmental worldviews and connections to the land globally and more specifically in a case study of NGOs working in the Ecuadorian Cloud Forest. The aims of this project are to investigate different environmental worldviews expressed between western NGOs and non western local NGOs and to pose these questions 1) what environmental worldviews and ethics are at play in addressing conservation globally and specifically in the Cloud Forest of Ecuador? 2) How do these worldviews influence models for conservation? 3) How do locally-run projects differ from for
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Izidine, Samira Aly. "Licuati forest reserve, Mozambique : flora, utilization and conservation." Diss., 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/56038.

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A floristic study of the Thicket vegetation in the Licmiti Forest Reserve, southern Mozambique, was undertaken. Observations on the structure and range of this unique vegetation type, its species composition, level of endemism and utilisation are provided. A literature review of the physical environment, soils, climate, vegetation and flora, as well as historical background, is presented. The Licuati Thicket covers an area of about 14 000 ha, which is about 35% of the 40 000 ha covered by the Licmiti Forest Reserve [LFR]. A study of satellite images and aerial photographs, taken over a
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Phadima, Lehlohonolo J. "User attitudes to conservation and management options for the Ongoye Forest Reserve, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa." Thesis, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/4719.

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Indigenous forest resources are valuable to communities situated around them as they provide many different resources for their livelihoods. South Africa has only 0.5% of indigenous forest cover and most forests are surrounded by local communities who depend on them for resources. At Ongoye the forest was widely (91% of households) used for fuelwood. Community members denied harvesting the forest for either building or fencing poles, claiming they bought Eucalyptus poles from suppliers in the community. However, the harvesting intensities of pole size stems confirm that the user community does
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Dao, Thi Hoa Hong. "Threatened tree species across conservation zones in a nature reserve of North-Western Vietnam." Doctoral thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-0023-3DE7-F.

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"Conservation for health: Exploring the association between the small-scale commercial utilization of non-timber forest resources and human health in a tropical forest biosphere reserve." Tulane University, 1994.

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In the past few years, initiatives to conserve the Earth's biodiversity began to change from strict protection to integrated conservation and development. The goal of these programs is to preserve biodiversity while improving the quality-of-life of the local residents who live in or around protected areas. Conservation and development projects focus on environmental education, sustainable utilization of natural resources and community development. They are often designed to provide economic returns from natural resources to local residents because it is assumed that the creation of a cash inco
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Malaza, Khethiwe. "Protected area management and environmental decision-making : the case of Dlinza Forest Nature Reserve, KwaZulu-Natal." Thesis, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/4269.

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Colonial conservation emerged as colonial conservationists perceived the threat of deforestation, climatic change and famine. The sense that there were limits to nature's capacity to meet human demands, led to colonial conservationism which portrayed nature as separated from human life. Protected areas (PA's), both forest and game reserves, were created that excluded local people in terms of both access and management. In South Africa the National Forests Act 84 of 1998 has created new conditions in which there is a greater opportunity for communities to benefit from indigenous forests, which
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