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Journal articles on the topic 'Forest stand conversion'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 5 June 2025
Last updated: 2 August 2025

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1

Jagodziński, Andrzej, Marcin Dyderski, Kamil Gęsikiewicz, and Paweł Horodecki. "Tree- and Stand-Level Biomass Estimation in a Larix decidua Mill. Chronosequence." Forests 9, no. 10 (2018): 587. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f9100587.

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Carbon pool assessments in forests is one of the most important tasks of forest ecology. Despite the wide cultivation range, and economical and traditional importance, the aboveground biomass of European larch (Larix decidua Mill.) stands is poorly characterized. To increase knowledge about forest biomass accumulation and to provide a set of tools for aboveground biomass estimation, we studied a chronosequence of 12 larch forest stands (7–120 years old). From these stands, we measured the biomass of 96 sample trees ranging from 1.9 to 57.9 cm in diameter at breast height. We provided age-speci
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2

Kynast, Rudi. "Mit Initialfemeln zum Plenterwald (Essay) | The creation of selection forest using initial femel cut (essay)." Schweizerische Zeitschrift fur Forstwesen 160, no. 6 (2009): 137–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3188/szf.2009.0137.

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Although selection forests have clear advantages over age-group forests in view of their total growth performance, their net product and their stability, not to mention the sustainability of their beneficial effect, the proportion of this type of forest is insignificantly small in Germany and also in mixed forest in the mountains. It is therefore all the more surprising that scarcely any discernable efforts have been made to increase the proportion of selection forests. For a conversion, an alternative model for the treatment of the stands is adopted, whereby it is no longer the encouragement
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3

Hering, S., and S. Irrgang. "Conversion of substitute tree species stands and pure spruce stands in theOreMountains inSaxony– A Report." Journal of Forest Science 51, No. 11 (2012): 519–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/4584-jfs.

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The original natural forest ecosystems of the OreMountains(Norway spruce, silver fir, and beech forests) have been destroyed by overcropping since the 11<sup>th</sup> century. In the 19<sup>th</sup> century spruce afforestations on large areas were intended to meet the steadily increasing demand for timber. They led to the introduction of planned forestry by building up spruce age-class forests. Efforts of a few forest specialists to establish an ecologically adapted silviculture failed before long due to economic necessities. The paper presents the results of a complex
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4

Meason, Dean F., Daniel Markewitz, and Rodney E. Will. "Annual fertilization and interspecific competition control: effects on in situ forest floor nitrogen fluxes of different-aged Pinus taeda stands in southeast Georgia, USA." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 34, no. 9 (2004): 1802–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x04-053.

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Forest floor organic matter in managed pine forests can accumulate large quantities of N during early stand development. The conversion of the forest floor from a net accumulator to a net source of N as stands age, however, is not well quantified, nor is the effect of management activities on this conversion process. Nitrogen flux from the forest floor of different-aged Pinus taeda L. stands (8, 12, and 14 years old) was measured to understand the impact of annual fertilization (~70 kg N·ha–1·year–1) and complete interspecific competition control on forest floor N cycling. Throughfall and fore
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5

Remeš, J. "Transformation of even-aged spruce stands at the School Forest Enterprise Kostelec nad Černými lesy: Structure and final cutting of mature stand." Journal of Forest Science 52, No. 4 (2012): 158–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/4498-jfs.

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This paper deals with the transformation of pure even-aged forest stands to mixed and more uneven-aged stands on an example of selected even-aged Norway spruce stands in the School Forest Enterprise (SFE) in Kostelec nad Černými lesy. A forest stand where individual tree felling was used as the main method of forest stand regeneration was chosen as a conversion example. The main criterion of tree maturity is the culmination of mean volume increment of a single tree. The analyses confirmed a very high variability in the growth potential of individual trees. The potential and actual i
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Souček, J. Souček. "Conversion of a forest managed under systems involving coupes to a selection forest on an example of the Opuky research area." Journal of Forest Science 48, No. 1 (2019): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/11851-jfs.

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This paper evaluates the development of growing stock, number of trees and diameter distribution of the standing volume in the Opuky locality where conversion to a selection forest has been the aim of management over a long period of time. With respect to species composition, the stand is divided into two plots. The initial condition and development of both plots differed. The favourable initial composition of the stand has gradually deteriorated due to delay in natural regeneration and therefore recruitment of young trees over a long period. The total number of trees on both plots has been lo
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7

Coelho, Geraldo Ceni, Rachel Palhares Alcantara, Maurício Zinn Klemann, and Leandro Klemann. "Forest regeneration and seed rain in the conversion of a stand of Pinus sp. into native forest." Biotemas 34, no. 2 (2021): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/2175-7925.2021.e76814.

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In Southern Brazil, the National Forests (NF) are protected areas of sustainable use; however, most of them present a significant cover with old plantations of Pinus spp. established to foster commercial forestry. Nowadays, the NF management plans propose the conversion of Pinus stands into native forests. Pinus spp. are worrisome invasive plants whose spontaneous recruitment is a challenge to forest restoration. This paper aims to analyze seed rain and woody community composition in a stand where Pinus trees were eliminated to drive spontaneous regeneration (REG) in an NF in the Southern Atla
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8

Šilhánek, J. "Conversion of even aged forest managed under the system involving coupes to selection forest in Klepačov." Journal of Forest Science 54, No. 10 (2008): 465–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/53/2008-jfs.

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The paper evaluates the development of the tree numbers, secondary stand and species composition on eight partial control plots in Klepačov where the conversion of even aged forest managed under the system involving coupes to selection forest has been implemented within the framework of a long-term project. The plots capture various stages of conversion. Plots A, D, and H still possess structures nearing the forest of age classes. The assessment was made of the measurements taken in 1974, 1994, and 2004. Tree numbers on the partial control plots in the diameter degrees 10–70+ decreased in the
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9

Wuyts, K., A. De Schrijver, J. Staelens, M. Gielis, G. Geudens, and K. Verheyen. "Patterns of throughfall deposition along a transect in forest edges of silver birch and Corsican pine." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 38, no. 3 (2008): 449–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x07-181.

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In two adjacent forest stands in Flanders, one dominated by Corsican pine ( Pinus nigra subsp. laricio Maire) and another dominated by silver birch ( Betula pendula Roth), throughfall deposition was monitored along a transect perpendicular to the forest edge exposed to the prevailing wind direction. Throughfall deposition of Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, NH4+, NO3–, Cl–, and SO42– was examined on forest edge patterns expressed in the depth of influence of the edge effect (forest edge distance) and the level of enhancement at the edge (forest edge enhancement). In addition, an integrated forest edge enh
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10

MacLean, David A. "Forest management strategies to reduce spruce budworm damage in the Fundy Model Forest." Forestry Chronicle 72, no. 4 (1996): 399–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc72399-4.

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Spruce budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana) outbreaks cannot be prevented, but the amount of damage that occurs can be managed. Tree species, stand age, hardwood content, and drainage class, as well as the outbreak severity and length, determine the amount of tree mortality during budworm outbreaks. Silviculture and forest management can be used to reduce the incidence of the most damaged stand types across the landscape. The amount of defoliation in mixed balsam fir-hardwood stands is strongly negatively related to hardwood content, especially with hardwoods > 40%. The Spruce Budworm Decisio
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11

Mahdavi, Ali, Azadeh Maleki, and Masoud Bazgir. "Soil properties and carbon sequestration in Persian oak (Quercus brantii var. persica) forests, Iran." Journal of Forest Science 65, No. 7 (2019): 247–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/140/2018-jfs.

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One of the important issues both in the political discussion about climate change and in forest ecosystem research is carbon sequestration. In this paper, we estimated soil carbon sequestration (SCS) in two Persian oak forest stands of different origin (seed and coppice). Soil samples were taken at two soil depths (0–15 and 15–30 cm) and locations (under the tree crown and open area) in each oak stand. Results showed that surface layers (0–15 cm) had the highest soil carbon sequestration ranging from 41.2 t·ha–1 to 47.9 t·ha–1 for both oak forests. The total SCS was higher (between 79.5 and 89
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12

Trofymow, J. A., J. Addison, B. A. Blackwell, F. He, C. A. Preston, and V. G. Marshall. "Attributes and indicators of old-growth and successional Douglas-fir forests on Vancouver Island." Environmental Reviews 11, S1 (2003): S187—S204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/a03-007.

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The Douglas-fir forests of coastal British Columbia are within the most heavily modified forest ecosystem types in coastal BC and local land managers are developing new forestry practices to retain elements of old growth within the managed forest area. To determine how successful these practices are requires the selection and monitoring of appropriate attributes and knowledge on how they change with stand development. In this paper we summarize previously published results from an extensive data set on four Douglas-fir dominated sites located on eastern Vancouver Island. Data were collected as
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13

Kucbel, Stanislav, and Jaroslav Vencurik. "Growth analysis of the lower layer trees in forest stands under conversion in the Starohorské vrchy Mts.: A case study." Journal of Forest Science 68, No. 9 (2022): 357–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/110/2022-jfs.

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The case study analyses the structure and dynamics of the diameter growth on the example of two fir-spruce forest stands under conversion to a selection forest. In a series of 51 circular research plots (size 500 m<sup>2</sup>), the biometric characteristics (tree species, diameter at breast height, height) of all the stems with a diameter above 8 cm were registered. From the selected stems, we collected 51 cross-sections and 178 tree cores in total and performed age and growth analyses. In addition, for the lower layer trees, we assessed the competition by the neighbouring stand q
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14

Stefańska-Krzaczek, Ewa, and Paweł Pech. "Vegetation diversity of the Scots pine stands in different forest sites in the Turawa Forest District." Forest Research Papers 75, no. 1 (2014): 77–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/frp-2014-0008.

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Abstract The utility of phytocenotic indices in the diagnosis and classification of forest sites might be limited because of vegetation degeneration in managed forests. However, even in secondary communities it may be possible to determine indicator species, although these may differ from typical and well known plant indicators. The aim of this work was to assess the vegetation diversity of Scots pine stands in representative forest site types along a moisture and fertility gradient. In total 120 sample plots from Turawa forests were included in the study. These plots represented young (21-40
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Stefańska-Krzaczek, Ewa, and Paweł Pech. "Vegetation diversity of the Scots pine stands in different forest sites in the Turawa Forest District." Forest Research Papers 75 (1) (December 1, 2014): 77–87. https://doi.org/10.2478/frp-2014-0008.

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The utility of phytocenotic indices in the diagnosis and classification of forest sites might be limited because of vegetation degeneration in managed forests. However, even in secondary communities it may be possible to determine indicator species, although these may differ from typical and well known plant indicators. The aim of this work was to assess the vegetation diversity of Scots pine stands in representative forest site types along a moisture and fertility gradient. In total 120 sample plots from Turawa forests were included in the study. These plots represented young (21–40 yea
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16

Spence, C. Eiry, and David A. MacLean. "Comparing growth and mortality of a spruce budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana) inspired harvest versus a spruce budworm outbreak." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 41, no. 11 (2011): 2176–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x11-129.

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Many current forest management regimes stress emulation of natural disturbance events, e.g., spruce budworm (SBW; Choristoneura fumiferana (Clemens)) outbreaks in a balsam fir (Abies balsamea (L.) Mill.) dominated forest, as the preferred method for ensuring sustainability of forest ecosystems. This study compared a SBW-inspired harvest treatment in 25 plots in northern New Brunswick with an uncontrolled SBW outbreak in 30 plots in the Cape Breton Highlands, Nova Scotia. Stand-level measurements before, during, and after each disturbance indicated similar reduction of living stand volume (70%
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17

Pretzsch, Hans, and Miren del Río. "Density regulation of mixed and mono-specific forest stands as a continuum: a new concept based on species-specific coefficients for density equivalence and density modification." Forestry: An International Journal of Forest Research 93, no. 1 (2019): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/forestry/cpz069.

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Abstract A wealth of recent research has improved our understanding of the structure, growth and yield of mixed-species stands. However, appropriate quantitative concepts for their silvicultural regulation remain scarce. Due to the species-specific stand densities, growing area requirements and potential over-density, the density and mixing regulation in mixed stands is much more intricate than in monospecific stands. Here, we introduce the species-specific coefficients: density equivalence coefficients (DEC), for density equivalence; and density modification coefficient (DMC), for density mod
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18

Lu, Huicui, Godefridus Mohren, Miren del Río, Mart-Jan Schelhaas, Meike Bouwman, and Frank Sterck. "Species Mixing Effects on Forest Productivity: A Case Study at Stand-, Species- and Tree-Level in the Netherlands." Forests 9, no. 11 (2018): 713. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f9110713.

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Many monoculture forests have been converted to mixed-species forests in Europe over the last decades. The main reasons for this conversion were probably to increase productivity, including timber production, and enhance other ecosystem services, such as conservation of biodiversity and other nature values. This study was done by synthesizing results from studies carried out in Dutch mixed forests compared with monoculture stands and evaluating them in the perspective of the current theory. Then we explored possible mechanisms of higher productivity in mixed stands, in relation to the combinat
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19

Gielis, L., A. De Schrijver, K. Wuyts, J. Staelens, J. Vandenbruwane, and K. Verheyen. "Nutrient cycling in two continuous cover scenarios for forest conversion of pine plantations on sandy soil. II. Nutrient cycling via throughfall deposition and seepage flux." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 39, no. 2 (2009): 453–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x08-177.

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This study examined ion throughfall deposition and seepage fluxes in silver birch (Betula pendula L.) and Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) regenerations a decade after a forest conversion intervention in two continuous cover scenarios (shelterwood cut versus group cut), as well as a 70-year-old control stand of Scots pine. Ion throughfall deposition was significantly influenced by the conversion scenario, being higher in the shelterwood cut than in the group cut. Compared with the control stand, nitrogen and acidifying throughfall deposition was significantly lower (–60%) in all regeneration t
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20

Sharma, Mahadev. "Modelling Climate Effects on Site Productivity and Developing Site Index Conversion Equations for Jack Pine and Trembling Aspen Mixed Stands." Climate 12, no. 8 (2024): 114. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cli12080114.

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Forest site productivity estimates are crucial for making informed forest resource management decisions. These estimates are valuable both for the tree species currently growing in the stands and for those being considered for future stands. Current models are generally designed for pure stands and do not account for the influence of climate on tree growth. Consequently, site index (SI) conversion equations were developed specifically for jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) and trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) trees grown in naturally originated mixed stands. This work involved sampl
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21

Kelty, Matthew J., David B. Kittredge, Thom Kyker–Snowman, and Adrian D. Leighton. "The Conversion of Even-Aged Stands to Uneven-Aged Structure in Southern New England." Northern Journal of Applied Forestry 20, no. 3 (2003): 109–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/njaf/20.3.109.

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Abstract Partial cutting is common in mature even-aged stands in southern New England because the level of disturbance associated with even-aged regeneration methods is unacceptable to many private owners of small forest properties. This cutting often consists of high-grading, but foresters seeking an alternative generally turn to the selection method to begin the conversion of these stands to uneven-aged structure. However, the single-tree or small-group selection methods used may produce long-term results that are similar to high-grading in shifting stand composition toward shade tolerant sp
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22

Hlásny, T., L. Kulla, I. Barka, M. Turčáni, Z. Sitková, and M. Koreň. "The proposal of biotic hazard zones in selected spruce dominated regions in Slovakia." Journal of Forest Science 56, No. 5 (2010): 236–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/56/2009-jfs.

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 Biotic agents driven spruce decline has been observed over several regions in Europe. We studied the spatial pattern of spruce stands mortality due to biotic agents in three spruce dominated regions in Slovakia – the Kysuce, Orava and Low Tatras regions. Regularly reported data on sanitary felling were used for the analysis. Geostatistical techniques and other spatial modelling tools were used to design the zones of biotic hazard for each region. Zone A stands for the totally disintegrated stands with extremely elevated activity of biotic agents. Zone B represents the buffe
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Remeš, M., and J. Kulhavý. "Dissolved organic carbon concentrations under conditions of different forestcomposition." Journal of Forest Science 55, No. 5 (2009): 201–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/16/2009-jfs.

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The study deals with the monitoring of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations in seepage water sampled from differently managed forest plots in the Drahanská vrchovina Upland. Simultaneously, the input of DOC in precipitation and throughfall is evaluated. Preliminary results show higher mobility level of carbon substances in forest soil in a pure spruce stand compared to mixed stand or a pure beech stand. DOC can be one of suitable characteristics to evaluate the conversion effectiveness of spruce monocultures.
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Vedmid, Mykola, Volodymyr Luk'yanets, Oksana Tarnopilska, et al. "Conversion of low-value stands by corridor method in Left-Bank Forest-Steppe, Ukraine." Folia Forestalia Polonica 64, no. 3 (2022): 143–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ffp-2022-0014.

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Abstract The aim of the study was to identify the influence of different widths and cardinal directions of felled corridors on the condition and mensuration characteristics of the English oak trees planted there during the conversion of low-value young stands using the corridor method. The study was carried out in oak forests in the forest-steppe zone at a permanent sample plot. The experiment included the conversion of a low-value 8-year-old stand to improve its species composition. The sample plots were laid out in a fertile hardwood forest site. The conversion was realised by felling corrid
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Dupont-Leduc, Laurie, Robert Schneider, and Luc Sirois. "Preliminary Results from a Structural Conversion Thinning Trial in Eastern Canada." Journal of Forestry 118, no. 5 (2020): 515–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jofore/fvaa022.

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Abstract In 2008, a thinning trial consisting in the removal of competitors around high growth potential stems (crop trees, CTs) was initiated as the first step of a structural conversion to transform even-aged stands into uneven-aged stands. Two intensities of thinning by CT release and thinning from below were tested in white spruce (Picea glauca [Moench] Voss) plantations and in balsam fir (Abies balsamea [L.] Mill)—dominated naturally regenerated stands. Unlike thinning from below, which aims to remove poor quality stems to improve the growth of residual trees, thinning by CT release aims
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26

Jandl, R., F. Starlinger, M. Englisch, E. Herzberger, and E. Johann. "Long-term effects of a forest amelioration experiment." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 32, no. 1 (2002): 120–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x01-169.

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We evaluated the soil chemistry, plant species composition, and forest growth rate on a site where a site amelioration project had been realized 30 years earlier. The initial goal of the project was the improvement of a site that had been degraded by litter raking. We wanted to know which amelioration method produced a sustainable result and how different treatments might be rated by today's standards. Treatments included fertilization, underplanting with N-fixing plants, and a combination of both. The amelioration was combined with stand conversion by means of natural regeneration and spruce
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Pielech, Remigiusz, Kacper Foremnik, Bartłomiej Surmacz, Jerzy Szwagrzyk, and Zbigniew Maciejewski. "Przebudowa drzewostanu jako narzędzie czynnej ochrony w parkach narodowych." Prądnik. Prace i Materiały Muzeum im. prof. Władysława Szafera 32 (December 22, 2022): 65–78. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7471710.

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We tested the effectiveness of forest stand conversion in former Scots pine plantations located in Roztocze National Park, SW Poland. We compared three 0.5 ha plots subjected to selective thinning of planted pine trees with control plots that have been excluded from any kind of human-induced interventions for more than a half-century. We compared spatial patterns in the distribution of trees, as well as patterns of regeneration of young trees. The study showed that management activities were unsuccessful in modifying spatial patterns in the distribution of trees; however, there were positive c
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Fedorov, Nikolay, Ilnur Bikbaev, Pavel Shirokikh, et al. "Estimation of Carbon Stocks of Birch Forests on Abandoned Arable Lands in the Cis-Ural Using Unmanned Aerial Vehicle-Mounted LiDAR Camera." Forests 14, no. 12 (2023): 2392. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f14122392.

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Currently, studies investigating the carbon balance in forest ecosystems are particularly relevant due to the global increase in CO2 content in the atmosphere. Due to natural reforestation over the past 25–30 years, birch (Betula pendula Roth.) forests were extensively grown and established on abandoned agricultural lands in Bashkir Cis-Ural (Republic of Bashkortostan, Russia). The significant positive aspect of reforestation on fallow lands is the carbon sequestration that takes place in the tree phytomass, especially at the growth stage of stand formation. The aim of this article is to test
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Nohrstedt, Hans-Örjan. "Nonsymbiotic nitrogen fixation in the topsoil of some forest stands in central Sweden." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 15, no. 4 (1985): 715–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x85-116.

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Studies on nonsymbiotic dinitrogen fixation (C2H2) in soil were conducted in 20 different forest stands in central Sweden. The stands were between 40 and 120 years old and included both coniferous and deciduous types. The relationships between nitrogenase activity and site productivity, stand composition, and soil properties were examined. Based on three samplings during the growing season, a considerable difference in activity was found to occur between the stands. The highest yearly mean activity for a stand was 200 times the lowest value. The activity was positively and significantly correl
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Sutmöller, J., S. Hentschel, J. Hansen, and H. Meesenburg. "Coupled forest growth-hydrology modelling as an instrument for the assessment of effects of forest management on hydrology in forested catchments." Advances in Geosciences 27 (March 9, 2011): 149–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/adgeo-27-149-2011.

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Abstract. The type and intensity of forest management directly influences regional catchment hydrology. Future forest management must optimise the effects of its practices to achieve sustainable management. With scenario analysis of forestry practices, the effects of different forest utilisation strategies on the hydrology of forested catchments can be temporally and spatially quantified. The approach adopted in this study necessitated the development of an interactive system for the spatially distributed modelling of hydrology in relation to forest stand development. Consequently, a forest gr
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31

Zeman, Jaroslav, Jan Hrbek, Jakub Drimaj, et al. "Wild Boar Impact to the Natural Regeneration of Oak and Acorn Importance in its Diet." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 64, no. 2 (2016): 579–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201664020579.

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In this study, the impact of wild boar on the natural regeneration of oak and importance of acorns in the wild boar diet were surveyed. The data were collected near Moravian Krumlov (Czech Republic) in three types of oak stands differing in the canopy density: fully-stocked stand (1), open-canopy stand (2) and the forest stand in a conversion to the coppice forest (3). Within each stand 150 m long lines were set out. Seed traps to collect acorn harvest and control plots were installed on these lines. The plots were inspected at weekly intervals. After the end of acorn fall the average amount o
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Krstic, Milun, Damjan Pantic, and Bratislav Matovic. "Stand state, silvicultural demands and measures in beech forests of mixed origin in Boljevac area." Bulletin of the Faculty of Forestry, no. 89 (2004): 171–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gsf0489171k.

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This paper presents the comparative analysis of stand state, productivity and silvicultural demands in beech stands of mixed origin, with a predominating percentage of trees of coppice origin, in different site and stand conditions, in the area of Cestobrodica and Straza. The main cruising elements were analyzed in three ecological units: Number of trees, basal area, volume, volume increment, mean stand diameters and height and the development of individual trees. The differences of the study ecological units, presented through the values of cruising elements and the phases of diameter, height
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Sewerniak, Piotr. "Plant species richness or soil fertility: which affects more the productivity of Scots pine in Central Europe?" Annals of Forest Research 63, no. 2 (2020): 57–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.15287/afr.2020.2003.

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It has been highlighted that forest productivity is related both to species richness and to soil fertility; however, thus far it has not been investigated which of these agents is more important for the productivity. The goal of this study was to examine this problem with regard to Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) stands in Central Europe. The study was conducted in 129 plots located in SW Poland. The productivity of even-aged pine stands was estimated based on site index. Plant species richness was investigated regarding the total richness as well as the richness referring to particular fores
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Varnagirytė-Kabašinskienė, Iveta, Povilas Žemaitis, Kęstutis Armolaitis, Vidas Stakėnas, and Gintautas Urbaitis. "Soil Organic Carbon Stocks in Afforested Agricultural Land in Lithuanian Hemiboreal Forest Zone." Forests 12, no. 11 (2021): 1562. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f12111562.

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In the context of the specificity of soil organic carbon (SOC) storage in afforested land, nutrient-poor Arenosols and nutrient-rich Luvisols after afforestation with coniferous and deciduous tree species were studied in comparison to the same soils of croplands and grasslands. This study analysed the changes in SOC stock up to 30 years after afforestation of agricultural land in Lithuania, representing the cool temperate moist climate region of Europe. The SOC stocks were evaluated by applying the paired-site design. The mean mass and SOC stocks of the forest floor in afforested Arenosols inc
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35

Харченко, Nikolay Kharchenko, Харченко, and Nikolay Kharchenko. "About natural regeneration of English oak growing under the canopy of maternal stand." Forestry Engineering Journal 3, no. 4 (2014): 42–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/2179.

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Oak is practically not renewed naturally under the canopy of maternal tree stand under the Central forest steppe. Conversion of oak natural regeneration in knots (with its subsequent total loss) caused by the complex of reasons: From the very young age oak needs enough amount of light (70…80 %). Based on our own research and careful study of the literature on this issue, we conclude that eventually the inability of oak to renew and grow under maternal canopy, changing generations, its biological property. Thus, oak, having formed forest environment, provides the further evolution of forest eco
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36

Kadavý, Jan, Michal Kneifl, and Robert Knott. "Tree Quality and Forest Structure Changes in the First Stage of Conversion of High Forest Into Coppice-with-standards." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 63, no. 5 (2015): 1485–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201563051485.

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The work is aimed on evaluation of the effect of thinning on stand structure and changes of the quality of the trees under strong thinning measures in the forest stand with prevailing Quercus petraea in South Moravian Region of the Czech Republic. Three thinning variants with 100, 140 and 180 remaining trees per hectare were applied in four replications to simulate structure of a coppice-with-standards forest on a four hectare plot of high forest. On average, the implemented thinning reduced the total tree number from 717 to 140 individuals per hectare. After the thinning, the ratio of potenti
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37

Allard, Joshua, and Andrew Park. "Woody debris volumes and carbon accumulation differ across a chronosequence of boreal red pine and jack pine stands." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 43, no. 8 (2013): 768–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2013-0100.

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Boreal forests are thought to store more than 30% of the world’s terrestrial carbon (C), much of it in the form of dead wood. Harvesting, stand transformation, and climate change the storage capacity of this carbon pool and improved quantification of C storage is needed to improve the accuracy and coverage of C accounting in Canadian forests. In this study, we compared wood volumes and C storage in coarse woody debris (CWD), fine woody debris (FWD), and standing dead wood (snags) in a 94-year chronosequence of jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) and red pine (Pinus resinosa Ait.) stands in the S
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38

Pandey, Hari Prasad, Tek Narayan Maraseni, and Shila Pokhrel. "Comparison of Planted Pine versus Natural Mix Forests in Nepal." Forests 15, no. 6 (2024): 1070. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f15061070.

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This study aimed to compare the socio-environmental benefits of one of the most widely planted forest species, i.e., Pinus roxburghii (Sarg., hereafter ‘Pine’ or ‘Pinus’) with naturally regenerated mixed forests in two community forests of Nepal. By analyzing tree rings, we estimate biomass production, carbon accumulation, and growth enhancement in both forest types using regression models, offering insights into sustainable forest management. Pinus forests exhibit instant social benefits through direct economic conversion and a higher rate of carbon sequestration. However, the lack of perpetu
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Park, Andrew. "Carbon storage and stand conversion in a pine-dominated boreal forest landscape." Forest Ecology and Management 340 (March 2015): 70–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2014.12.011.

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40

Paluch, Rafał, and Kamil Bielak. "Stand conversion by means of natural succession in the Białowieża Primeval Forest." Forest Research Papers 70, no. 4 (2009): 339–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10111-009-0032-z.

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41

Ganatsas, Petros, Marianthi Tsakaldimi, Theodoros Karydopoulos, et al. "Carbon Pools in a 77 Year-Old Oak Forest under Conversion from Coppice to High Forest." Sustainability 14, no. 21 (2022): 13764. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142113764.

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Recent model projections and many research results across the world suggest that forests could be significant carbon sinks or sources in the future, contributing in a such a way to global warming mitigation. Conversion of coppice forest to high forest may play an important role towards this direction. This study deals with the estimation of biomass, carbon pool and accumulation rates in all IPCC biomass categories of a 77 year-old oak ecosystem, which has been subjected to conversion from coppice to high forest through repeated tending measures. The research includes a plethora of field tree m
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42

Sharma, Ajay, Daniel K. Brethauer, Justin McKeithen, Kimberly K. Bohn, and Jason G. Vogel. "Prescribed Burn Effects on Natural Regeneration in Pine Flatwoods: Implications for Uneven-Aged Stand Conversion from a Florida Study." Forests 11, no. 3 (2020): 328. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f11030328.

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Uneven-aged silvicultural approaches are increasingly utilized as efficient management strategies for economic and ecological sustainability of forest resources, including in the southeastern United States where there is interest in converting intensively managed pine plantations to uneven-aged stands. However, success of stand conversion and perpetuation of an uneven-aged forest stand depends on obtaining adequate regeneration of the desired species and its ability to develop into merchantable size classes. In fire-maintained ecosystems, regeneration dynamics can be challenging for species su
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43

Farnden, Craig. "Simulated conversion of unmanaged interior spruce-subalpine fir stands to a regulated uneven-aged structure." Forestry Chronicle 76, no. 3 (2000): 465–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc76465-3.

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A localized version of the Forest Vegetation Simulator (FVS) individual tree growth model was developed to simulate stand level impacts under a variety of uneven-aged management regimes in old-growth interior spruce-subalpine fir forests near Prince George British Columbia. Options for using uneven-aged management to satisfy a range of management objectives were simulated using different sets of BDq regulation parameters, and by varying species composition and rules for reserve trees. The greatest timber yields were attained by promoting the highest possible spruce component, using high q rati
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44

Chen, Guoqi, Xilin Zhang, Chunxiao Liu, Chang Liu, Hui Xu, and Guanglong Ou. "Error Analysis on the Five Stand Biomass Growth Estimation Methods for a Sub-Alpine Natural Pine Forest in Yunnan, Southwestern China." Forests 13, no. 10 (2022): 1637. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f13101637.

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Forest biomass measurement or estimation is critical for forest monitoring at the stand scale, but errors among different estimations in stand investigation are unclear. Thus, the Pinus densata natural forest in Shangri-La City, southwestern China, was selected as the research object to investigate the biomass of 84 plots and 100 samples of P. densata. The stand biomass was calculated using five methods: stand biomass growth with age (SBA), stem biomass combined with the biomass expansion factors (SB+BEF), stand volume combined with biomass conversion and expansion factors (SV+BCEF), individua
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45

Weber, M. G., and S. W. Taylor. "The use of prescribed fire in the management of Canada's forested lands." Forestry Chronicle 68, no. 3 (1992): 324–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc68324-3.

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Present uses of prescribed fire in Canada are reviewed. Fire has been a natural component of many forested North American landscapes for millennia, making it an obvious choice as an effective forest management tool. It can be used in harmony with known fire adaptations of ecosystems to be managed. Prescribed fire uses are separated into six categories: (1) hazard reduction which evolved into (2) silviculture (including fire use for site preparation, managing competing vegetation, stand conversion, and stand rehabilitation) (3) wildlife habitat enhancement (4) range burning (5) insect and disea
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46

Haight, Robert G. "Evaluating the Efficiency of Even-Aged and Uneven-Aged Stand Management." Forest Science 33, no. 1 (1987): 116–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/forestscience/33.1.116.

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Abstract The first part of this paper describes a general investment model for stand management. The objective of the model is to find the sequences of diameter-class harvesting rates and planting intensities that maximize the present value of an existing stand. Since the model includes the problems of converting the initial stand to plantation management and converting the stand to steady-state uneven-aged management as special cases, the model provides a unifying framework for comparing three measures of management system efficiency: forest value, land expectation value, and managed forest v
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Veinotte, Cam, Bill Freedman, Wolfgang Maass, and Friederike Kirstein. "Comparison of the Ground Vegetation in Spruce Plantations and Natural Forest in the Greater Fundy Ecosystem, New Brunswick." Canadian Field-Naturalist 117, no. 4 (2003): 531. http://dx.doi.org/10.22621/cfn.v117i4.800.

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We studied changes in ground vegetation associated with the conversion of natural, mature, mixed-species forest into conifer plantations in southeastern New Brunswick. This was done to determine the degree to which plant-associated biodiversity was affected by this forestry practice. Species of lichens, bryophytes, and vascular plants were examined in a 21-year chronosequence of 12 Black Spruce (Picea mariana) plantations and compared to 8 stands of natural forest of the type replaced. The richness, diversity, and density of species were greatest during younger stages of the plantation sere, w
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48

Yang, Bin, Wenyan Xue, Shichuan Yu, Jianyun Zhou, and Wenhui Zhang. "Effects of Stand Age on Biomass Allocation and Allometry of Quercus Acutissima in the Central Loess Plateau of China." Forests 10, no. 1 (2019): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f10010041.

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We studied the effects of stand age on allocation and equation fitting of aboveground and below-ground biomass in four Quercus acutissima stands (14, 31, 46, and 63 years old) in the Central Loess Plateau of China. The stem wood, stem bark, branch, foliage, and belowground biomass of each of the 20 destructive harvesting trees were quantified. The mean total biomass of each tree was 28.8, 106.8, 380.6, and 603.4 kg/tree in the 14-, 31-, 46-, and 63-year-old stands, respectively. Aboveground biomass accounted for 72.25%, 73.05%, 76.14%, and 80.37% of the total tree biomass in the 14-, 31-, 46-,
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Baker, Simon D., Kristen M. Waring, David Auty, and Nicholas Wilhelmi. "Influence of Increasing Fires on Mixed Conifer Stand Dynamics in the U.S. Southwest." Forests 16, no. 6 (2025): 967. https://doi.org/10.3390/f16060967.

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(1) Stand-replacing fires may threaten the continued stability of mixed conifer forests in the U.S. Southwest. Increasing fire frequency and severity have made post-fire forest recovery trajectories uncertain for many coniferous species, potentially leading to long-term shifts in forest structure and composition. (2) The purpose of this study was to examine post-fire stand dynamics over a 10-year period, using a network of permanent plots established prior to wildfire events across Arizona and New Mexico. We assessed changes in overstory composition, regeneration, and fuel loading across diffe
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Bi, Lei, and Chang Sheng Li. "Measurement on Forest Ecological Benefits in Forest Industry Group of Heilongjiang Province." Advanced Materials Research 962-965 (June 2014): 710–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.962-965.710.

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The integral diffusion models were established using standardized ecological benefit dependent variable, regional independent variables and stand independent variables. Three important parameters including effective area coefficient, market approximation coefficient and conversion factors (According to the law of substitute goods, State Statistical Yearbook gets a reasonable price of the substitute goods and converts physical forest ecological benefit volume to money factors.). Then forest ecological benefits including water reservation, soil fixation, fertility reservation, C02 absorption, at
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