Academic literature on the topic 'Forestry Board'
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Journal articles on the topic "Forestry Board"
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Balasso, Michelle, Mark Hunt, Andrew Jacobs, and Julianne O’Reilly-Wapstra. "Development of Non-Destructive-Testing Based Selection and Grading Strategies for Plantation Eucalyptus nitens Sawn Boards." Forests 12, no. 3 (March 15, 2021): 343. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f12030343.
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Stiffness is considered one of the most important structural properties for sawn timber used in buildings and laminated structures including mass timber elements. There is great potential to use plantation Eucalyptus timber for structural applications, and the successful development of a plantation timber supply chain for structural products will depend on the accurate selection and grading of the resource. In this study we aimed to investigate the suitability of non-destructive testing (NDT) to improve selection and grading of sawn boards sourced from a young E. nitens plantation. We studied 268 sawn boards traced from the tree through to final processing stages. We found high and positive correlations between stiffness (measured as dynamic modulus of elasticity) tested at each board processing stage through acoustic wave velocity (AWV) and the static board modulus of elasticity measured through mechanical testing on dressed boards. Position of the board in the stem and sawn board processing treatment significantly impacted board modulus of elasticity, indicating that early selection of logs would allow larger yield of stiffer boards. We investigated the grading of boards through the traditional Australian Standards using a visual-grading system and through AWV, finding a classification error of 82.5% and 45.2%, respectively. We developed a linear model which was used to re-classify the boards, obtaining a smaller classification error, including fewer boards being over-graded. Our results demonstrate that AWV can be used as an early selection method for structural boards and can also be employed to satisfactorily grade E. nitens plantation boards to be used in building structures and as elements of mass timber.
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Thomas, Jack Ward. "Trends in forest management in the United States." Forestry Chronicle 70, no. 5 (October 1, 1994): 546–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc70546-5.
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Changes in forestry practices in the United States have been dramatic over the past decade. These changes have been brought about largely through government regulations promulgated in response to pressure from environmental and other groups at both federal and state levels. Historically, the federal government has taken leadership in forest stewardship, though some states have demonstrated strong initiatives over the years. Two separate, but intertwined, factors combined to alter the practice of forestry over much of the United States. There were the interactive consequences of obedience to national environmental laws, passed in the 1960s and 1970s, and a rising environmental consciousness among the majority of the minority of the citizenry who care about natural resource issues. Rising public concern was focussed in challenges in the federal courts to government forest management activities, and in terms of public relations campaigns using lobbying, demonstrations, and manipulation of the mass media. In July of 1993, President Clinton selected an option for management of federal forests in the Pacific Northwest section of the United States that dedicated 9.28 million acres (3.75 million hectares) of federal forests to reserves to be managed for late-successional/old-growth ecosystem function and riparian/fisheries protection. This reduced the anticipated timber sale levels from the 2.4 billion board feet (5.7 million m3) cut annually in 1990-1992, to 1.2 billion board feet (2.8 million m3) projected for 1994. There is an ongoing shift in management philosophy toward "ecosystem management" of forested lands with increasing attention to aesthetics and more benign environmental effects of timber management.
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Karlinasari, Lina, Ulfa Adzkia, Anugrah Sabdono Sudarsono, Pipiet Larasatie, Yusup Amin, and Naresworo Nugroho. "Surface Characteristics and Acoustical Properties of Bamboo Particle Board Coated with Polyurethane Varnish." Forests 12, no. 9 (September 18, 2021): 1285. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f12091285.
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Using bamboo particle board as a wall divider, a furniture component, or an automotive component with a sound absorber function may be a viable option for architects and engineers seeking to achieve desired acoustical qualities, including noise reduction. However, there is still a dearth of research on the effect of particle board finishing and coatings on acoustical sound absorption and noise reduction qualities. This study, therefore, aims to determine the surface characteristics and acoustical properties of bamboo particle board, coated with polyurethane (PU). The single-layer homogeneous particle boards were constructed using particles classified as fine and coarse with two different board densities, and coated with a high-quality PU lacquer. This study found that the coating treatment of 0.3 mm 0.6 mm succeeded to significantly decrease surface roughness, as well as thickness, swelling, and water absorption, with the thickness coating as a dominant factor compared with board density and board particle size. Adding a PU coating increases sound absorption performance at low frequencies, but significantly reduces acoustical properties at high frequencies. The increase of particle board density leads to the decrease in noise reduction coefficient capability. Results obtained from this study are useful to determine the optimal coating thickness in terms of evaluating acoustical panel products.
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F. Riley, Lorne. "Canadian Forestry Accreditation Board Annual Report – 2011." Forestry Chronicle 88, no. 02 (April 2012): 109–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc2012-025.
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Barkley, Brian, Marc Patry, Steve Virc, and Patti Story. "The Eastern Ontario Model Forest: Acting locally, connecting globally." Forestry Chronicle 73, no. 6 (December 1, 1997): 723–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc73723-6.
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The Eastern Ontario Model Forest was created in 1992 as a grassroots organization, representing a wide diversity of players interested in Eastern Ontario's extensive privately-owned forested and agricultural lands. An initial series of intensive meetings eventually led to the adoption of an innovative board structure with strong representation from the membership at large including seats for industry, First Nations and provincial government and a constitution based on consensual decision-making. The Eastern Ontario Model Forest recognized the knowledge it would gain in developing sustainable forestry activities. From the outset, it clearly expressed in its goals and objectives a desire to participate in global initiatives for sustainable forestry, such as the development of criteria and indicators. Simultaneously, the Eastern Ontario Model Forest sought to become involved, again at the grassroots level, with a similar Model Forest outside of Canada. It established a unique twinning relationship with the Calakmul Model Forest in Mexico to enhance the flow of knowledge and experience between people faced with similar challenges. The experience gained from the Eastern Ontario Model Forest members' participation in local, national, global and back down to local Mexican forestry issues has helped improve the understanding and application of sustainable forestry principles in their own backyards. Simultaneously, the Eastern Ontario Model Forest expects that its own contributions in these same flora will help further the application of sustainable forestry outside the Eastern Ontario Model Forest boundaries. Key words: Eastern Ontario Model Forest, community forestry, multi-stakeholder decision making
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Riley, L. F. "Canadian Forestry Accreditation Board conducts first site visits." Forestry Chronicle 67, no. 4 (April 1, 1991): 376–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc67376-4.
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Jeglum, J. K., and J. B. Scarratt. "Forestry and Forest-industry Education in Finland." Forestry Chronicle 65, no. 6 (December 1, 1989): 405–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc65405-6.
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A general overview of the school system in Finland is provided as background to a detailed description of forestry education in that country. Vocational and technical forestry education is organized and conducted by the National Board of Vocational Education. Numerous occupational diploma programs are offered at 30 forestry schools and colleges, including programs for forest workers, forest machine operators and mechanics, forest technicians, sawmill technicians, wood-based panels technicians, forest engineers, and forest-industry engineers, Short courses and refresher courses are also provided for more than 30 000 people annually. Three universities offer higher degrees in forestry: the University of Helsinki, the University of Joensuu, and the Helsinki University of Technology. International forestry is an important element of forestry education. It is addressed through a marketing degree program that emphasizes international commerce through the training of students from developing countries and through foreign-exchange programs for students, teachers and researchers. Examination of the organization and teaching of forestry subjects in Finland suggests ways in which Canadian forestry education might be improved to meet the future needs of an increasingly technical forestry sector.
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Král, P., and P. Klímek. "Utilization of spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst.) and beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) wood in plywood production using different processing pressures." Journal of Forest Science 60, No. 12 (November 27, 2014): 495–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/54/2014-jfs.
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In this research the spruce plywood board and combined spruce-beech plywood board were prepared in laboratory conditions using two levels of processing pressure. The bending properties in perpendicular and longitudinal direction were measured and compressibility and density were specified. Considering the obtained results, there was found an overall increase of the bending properties in spruce plywood manufactured by the higher pressure and a decline of properties perpendicular to the grain in combined spruce-beech plywood board. On the other hand, combined spruce-beech plywood boards produced by the common processing pressure performed better than both types of spruce plywood.
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Willington, Robert P. "Forestry Herbicides and the Aquatic Environment." Forestry Chronicle 63, no. 4 (August 1, 1987): 250–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc63250-4.
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The use of herbicides in forestry in British Columbia is regulated by both federal and provincial governments. The Ministry of Environment, Pesticide Control Branch, through the B.C. Pesticide Control Act, controls the handling, selling and application of pesticides once they have been registered by the federal government. A herbicide treatment must have a Pesticide Application Permit, which anyone may appeal through the BC Environmental Appeal Board. Herbicide use in forestry must be based on sound silvicultural judgment. Potential means by which 2,4-D and Roundup may enter the aquatic environment are reviewed. Methods of avoiding this during a forestry herbicide treatment are discussed.
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Liu, Ying, Yan Tao Zhu, Yu Rong Li, and Chao Ni. "The Embedded System of Forest Resource Information Acquisition Based on OMAP3530." Applied Mechanics and Materials 241-244 (December 2012): 2242–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.241-244.2242.
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With the development of information technology, the concept of “Digital Forestry” is put forward. To improve the level of forestry information management, 3S technology is used in forestry. Therefore the embedded system of forest resource information acquisition has designed which integrated embedded technology with GIS, 3G wireless communication technology and GPS. Specifically, the requirement of forestry resource survey has been analyzed, the whole structure has been established and the system has been developed by using the advanced demo-board OMAP3530.The embedded system can realize six functions including system login, data acquisition, data management, map operation, GPS positioning and navigation, temperature and humidity measuring. It can enhance working efficiency, reduce power consumption and get real-time data. The embedded system of forest resource information acquisition has been verified in Lianyungang Xinpu district forest, which gives a good guide to forestry management.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Forestry Board"
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Ekströmer, Karin. "Produktion och miljötänk - då och nu : Introduktion och utveckling av miljöhänsyn i svenskt skogsbruk." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för skog och träteknik (SOT), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-65439.
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Sveriges natur förknippas mer än något annat med skog. Två tredjedelar av landets drygt 40 miljoner hektar landareal täcks av skog. Av 27,1 miljoner hektar skogsmark (inklusive skyddad mark) är 23,3 miljoner hektar produktiv skogsmark. Andelen privata skogsägare uppgår till ca 330 000 personer och äger hälften av all skogsmark i Sverige samt levererar drygt 60 % av den totala råvaran till skogsindustrin. Skogsstyrelsens, och skogsvårdstyrelsernas, främsta roll har alltsedan bemyndigandet 1903 varit rådgivning till skogsägarna, ett viktigt styrmedel för att kunna förebygga lagingripanden och mildra lagstiftningen. I början av 1960-talet väcktes det diskussioner, som sedan dess har varit aktuella, om: att jordens resurser är ändliga och hur vi förvaltar dem. Det mest turbulenta årtiondet för svensk skogsvårdpolitik var 1970-talet och den tidiga miljörelaterade kritiken mot skogsbruket var inte underbyggd av forskning om miljötillståndet i skogen, utan skapades av en allmän opinion i samhället. Flertalet av de intervjuade skogsägarna uppgav att rådgivning varit viktiga vägledare för dem i deras skogsvårdsbeslut, även om det i enstaka fall fått negativa konsekvenser. Miljöhänsynens avtryck i den enskilda skogsägarens skogsvård följer i stort sett den historiska utvecklingen, det är dock inte entydigt om det i första hand berott på Skogsvårdsstyrelsens kampanjer och rådgivning. Resultatet visar att rådgivning i miljöhänsyn påverkar skogsägarnas beslut i sina val av beståndsåtgärder. Den viktigaste slutsatsen som kan dras av studien är att rådgivning, utbildning och kunskaper är de avgörande framgångsfaktorerna i det fortsatta miljövårdsarbetet. Större hänsyn till den enskilde skogsbrukarens äganderätt, erfarenheter och kännedom om sin mark är något som både myndigheter samt den allmänna opinionen bör iaktta och värdesätta.About two-thirds of Swedens land area is covered by forest. Half of the total forest land is owned by private forest owners.The purpose of this study was to describe the decades before and after the environmental concerns became self-evident in Swedish forestry, and from a forest policy perspective elucidate the introduction of environmental concerns in forest management. Interviews with private forest owners and field studys was conducted to identify specific occurences of conservation that could be linked to advisory service from The National Board of Forestry since the 1970´s. The result shows that guidance, education and skills are crucial success factors for the continuence of conservation and sustainable forestry, but also greater consideration and respect for the private forest owners property rights, experiences and knowledge.
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Ruuttula-Vasari, A. (Anne). "”Herroja on epäiltävä aina – metsäherroja yli kaiken”:metsähallituksen ja pohjoissuomalaisten kanssakäyminen kruununmetsissä vuosina 1851–1900." Doctoral thesis, University of Oulu, 2004. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9514273605.
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Abstract A study is made of the dealings of the local people with the Board of Forestry in matters connected with the crown forests of Northern Finland in the 19th century, setting out from the creation of the Forestry Board, the establishment of its ways of working and its local impact on settlement and sources of livelihood. This state of tension was perpetuated by delays in implementation of the Great Partition and by the presence of cottagers and pioneer settlers living in the crown forests. One major question was whether these forests were intended primarily to serve the purposes of state forestry or of settlement in the north of Finland. An account is given of the attitude of the Forestry Board towards the traditional modes of forest use typical of the crown forests, including swidden cultivation, tar burning and the cutting of wood for domestic use. New information is presented on the part played by the Forestry Board in regulating swidden cultivation and tar burning. Another topic not previously addressed is illicit exploitation of the crown forests. This was common practice in the Tornio and Ii river valleys in particular, to the extent that forest wardens on the border with Sweden were supplied with pistols to deal with this threat. The sale of timber cut illegally from the crown forests to sawmills in both Finland and Sweden was widespread, and it was common in the Ii Valley to trade in the timber which the Forestry Board allowed private persons to cut as a form of relief to the poor. The grazing of livestock in crown forests was another bone of contention between Forestry Board officials and the local people, the controversy over cows and what damage they actually did to the crown forests continuing well into the 20th century and ultimately remaining unresolved. Similar disputes arose over spruces carrying beard lichen, on which the reindeer fed, once the demand for spruce pulpwood increased. The actions taking by the foresters in accordance with the law and the demands of their office aroused much criticism in Finland, and this polemic spread to the newspapers, the Diet and the literature of the day. It was the fate of the Forestry Board and its officials to become an object of suspicion and even downright hatred. Their interference with traditional sources of livelihood, modes of land use and ancient rights of exploitation was apt to give rise to friction and maintain an attitude of mistrust on both sides. The present work provides new explanations for the author Pentti Haanpää's famous saying, "Beware of fine gentlemen – and of foresters most of all", and modern forest management conflicts can be appreciated and understood better in the light of these eventsTiivistelmä Olen tutkinut metsähallituksen ja pohjoissuomalaisten kanssakäymistä ja suhteiden muotoutumista Pohjois-Suomen kruununmetsissä 1800-luvulla. Lähtökohtina ovat metsähallinnon perustaminen, toiminnan vakiinnuttaminen sekä metsähallinnon vaikutus paikallisiin elinkeinoihin ja asutustoimintaan. Kangertelu metsänhoidossa ja liiketoiminnan aloittamisessa sekä yhteenotot paikallisen väestön ja lehdistön kanssa sävyttivät metsähallinnon ensimmäisten vuosikymmenten toimintaa. Hidastunut isojako sekä kruununmetsiin hakeutunut asutus, kruununmetsätorpat ja uudistilat, ylläpitivät jännittynyttä suhdetta. Suuri kysymys oli, olivatko kruununmetsät valtion metsätaloutta vai Pohjois-Suomen asutusta varten. Tutkimuksessa myös selitetään, miten metsähallinto suhtautui perinteisiin, juuri kruununmetsiin suuntautuneisiin metsänkäyttötapoihin, kuten kaskenpolttoon, tervatalouteen ja puun kotitarvekäyttöön. Metsähallinnon osuus kaskeamisen ja tervanpolton ohjailussa nousee esille uudella tavalla. Kruununmetsien haaskaajat eli varkaat ovat myös ennen tutkimaton teema. Kruununmetsien varastaminen oli yleistä erityisesti Tornionjokilaaksossa ja Iijokilaaksossa. Ruotsin rajan läheisyydessä toimineet metsänvartijat jopa aseistettiin pistoolein metsävarkaita vastaan. Varastetun puutavaran toimittaminen niin Suomen kuin Ruotsin sahoille oli maan tapa. Iijokilaaksossa turvauduttiin metsähallinnon käsikauppa- eli lupapuihin, joista tuli köyhäinavun, mutta myös keinottelun muoto. Keinottelu varsinaisilla valtionmailla eli haku uudistilalliseksi vain puutavaran vuoksi, kuuluu myös Pohjois-Suomen metsähistoriaan. Eläinten laiduntaminen kruununmetsissä myös asetti metsähallinnon virkamiehet ja paikallisen väestön vastakkain. Vielä 1900-luvulla lehmä kruununmetsissä oli kiistan kohteena. Lopullista selvyyttä siihen, mitä vahinkoa lehmä teki kruununmetsille, ei saatu koskaan. Lisäksi porojen käyttämät luppopuut eli naavakuuset hiersivät suhteita tilanteessa, jossa kuusipuulle oli syntymässä kysyntää paperipuuna. Metsänhoitajat saivat kritiikkiä toimiessaan viran ja lain vaatimalla tavalla Pohjois-Suomessa. Metsäherroja polemisoitiin sanomalehdissä, valtiopäivillä ja kirjallisuudessa. Metsähallinnon ja metsäherrojen osana oli 1800-luvulla olla epäluulon ja suorastaan vihamielisyydenkin kohteena. Puuttuminen perinteisiin elinkeinoihin, maankäyttötapoihin ja muinaisiin tapaoikeuksiin synnytti kitkaa suhteisiin ja ylläpiti epäluuloa molemmin puolin. Pentti Haanpään teksti "Herroja on epäiltävä aina – metsäherroja yli kaiken" on saanut uutta, selittävää ainesta ympärilleen. Nykyiset metsäkonfliktit avautuvat paremmin ja tulevat ymmärrettävimmiksi 1800-luvun metsähistorian kautta
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Ntili, Tseliso Paul. "Sustainable governance management systems: a practical approach for Water Boards in South Africa." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/9185.
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This research study explored the appropriate sustainable governance management systems for South African socio-economic conditions. This was achieved by investigating the current governance and management of water boards in performing their business and water services provisioning at municipal level. Municipalities are the third sphere of government in South Africa and are found at local levels of governance. They are businesses that provide running water as legislated by the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996. Water boards are public institutions established in terms of the Water Services Act, 108 of 1997 (WSA) and listed as Schedule 3 part B: National Government Business Enterprise in terms of the Public Finance Management Act 29 of 1999. They are accountable to the national government through the Department of Water Affairs. Their responsibility is to support municipalities where water-provisioning challenges are eminent. They report annually to national parliament on their performance within a specific financial year. Water boards are currently able to perform their operations in selected jurisdictions as contracted by municipalities. They are struggling in managing and governing their water business while striving to achieve improvements in water service coverage, operating efficiency and service delivery. The aim of the research study was to investigate areas affecting the sustainability of governance management systems for water boards in relation to the improvement of service delivery in South Africa. The analysis of age and gender factors and the conditions affecting governance are explored. The research used the qualitative and quantitative methods to analyse the research questions. Prior to the commencement of the study, the researcher performed an intensive desktop study involving the use of dated and recently published material related to governance and management of the water institutions in developed and developing countries. During the desktop study, national and international accredited journals were prioritised to obtain related and relevant similar information to the water governance and management of water institutions. In addition, a case study was undertaken in Ficksburg in which water boards provided an intervention in resolving the water crisis, since the provision of water is a basic service at local government. This area experienced both water shortage and a poor quality of water. With regard to qualitative methodology, participatory forums were used to delineate the research context and premise. The study population consisted of individuals who were in the business of water boards with special reference to water management and board of directors for a population of 1 000. Of the 500 questionnaires sent out, 419 were returned. The data were analysed using the statistical software package, Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). The results and recommendations are presented based on the identified objectives of the study. The study’s findings provide information for transformation and improvement in the performance of water boards in South Africa when striving for sustainability in management and governance. The findings reveal the need for improvements in the involvement of females in the business of the water boards. The findings confirm the outcomes of previous studies regarding the slow implementation of affirmative action and transformation processes as required by legislation. Furthermore, the results reveal that the factors and conditions affecting sustainability of the water boards need to be prioritised to improve the management and governance aspects of water boards. These include the appropriate selection of members of the boards of directors, water boards' committees that are guided by legislation in their operations and the maintenance of proper financial management (collection of revenue, implementation of appropriate financial strategies and striving for positive clean audit). Water boards are encouraged to strengthen their intergovernmental relations in order to make their mandate known across all spheres of government. Service delivery should be approached “from source to tap and tap to source” to promote high-quality provision of water. The water boards should be accountable to the municipalities for the provision of delegated operations. The Department of Water Affairs exercises an oversight role to ensure the sustainable provision of the services. However, the study concludes that without a strong management and a sustainable governance approach, water boards will not be able to carry out its water developmental mandate. The practical framework that was developed in this study provides management and governance tools for sustained provisioning of water to advance transformational and developmental needs and the application of legislations. The results in the study have a direct impact on the codes of practice and regulations on employment equity in implementing the Employment Equity Act of 1998, Intergovernmental Relations Act of 2005, Companies Act of 2008, National Water Act of 1998, and Water Services Act of 1997. Therefore, the practical implementation of this framework will enhance water as a transformational and developmental feature in addressing the social, environmental and economic services.
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Heinken, Thilo, Marcus Schmidt, Goddert von Oheimb, Wolf-Ulrich Kriebitzsch, and Hermann Ellenberg. "Soil seed banks near rubbing trees indicate dispersal of plant species into forests by wild boar." Universität Potsdam, 2006. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2010/4647/.
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Current knowledge about processes that generate long-distance dispersal of plants is still limited despite its importance for persistence of populations and colonization of new potential habitats. Today wild large mammals are presumed to be important vectors for long-distance transport of diaspores within and between European temperate forest patches, and in particular wild boars recently came into focus. Here we use a specific habit of wild boar, i.e. wallowing in mud and subsequent rubbing against trees, to evaluate epizoic dispersal of vascular plant diaspores. We present soil seed bank data from 27 rubbing trees versus 27 control trees from seven forest areas in Germany. The mean number of viable seeds and the plant species number were higher in soil samples near rubbing trees compared with control trees. Ten of the 20 most frequent species were more frequent, and many species exclusively appeared in the soil samples near rubbing trees. The large number of plant species and seeds – approximated > 1000 per tree – in the soils near rubbing trees is difficult to explain unless the majority were dispersed by wild boar. Hooked and bristly diaspores, i.e. those adapted to epizoochory, were more frequent, above that many species with unspecialised diaspores occurred exclusively near rubbing trees. Different to plant species closely tied to forest species which occur both in forest and open vegetation, and non-forest species were more frequent near rubbing trees compared with controls. These findings are consistent with previous studies on diaspore loads in the coats and hooves of shot wild boars. However, our method allows to identify the transport of diaspores from the open landscape into forest stands where they might especially emerge after disturbance, and a clustered distribution of epizoochorically dispersed seeds. Moreover, accumulation of seeds of wetness indicators near rubbing trees demonstrates directed dispersal of plant species inhabiting wet places between remote wallows.Das aktuelle Wissen über Prozesse, die zur Fernausbreitung von Pflanzen führen, ist trotz ihrer Bedeutung für das Überleben von Populationen und die Besiedlung neuer potenzieller Habitate noch immer sehr begrenzt. Wildlebende Großsäuger sind heutzutage vermutlich wichtige Vektoren für den Ferntransport von Diasporen innerhalb und zwischen den einzelnen Waldflächen in Mitteleuropa, und speziell das Wildschwein (Sus scrofa L.) spielt dabei offenbar eine herausragende Rolle. Wir nutzen hier ein spezifisches Verhalten des Wildschweins – Suhlen im Schlamm und nachfolgendes Scheuern an sogenannten Malbäumen – um die epizoochore Ausbreitung von Gefäßpflanzen-Diasporen einzuschätzen. Dargestellt werden die Ergebnisse von Samenbank-Untersuchungen von 27 Malbäumen im Vergleich zu 27 Kontrollbäumen aus sieben Waldgebieten in Deutschland. Sowohl die mittlere Zahl lebensfähiger Samen als auch die Artenzahl waren höher in Bodenproben neben Malbäumen. Zehn der 20 in der Samenbank verbreitetsten Pflanzenarten hatten hier ihren Schwerpunkt, und viele Arten kamen ausschließlich in den neben Malbäumen gewonnenen Proben vor. Die große Zahl von Pflanzenarten und Samen – zumindest > 1000 pro Baum – im Boden an Malbäumen lässt sich nur durch die Aktivität der Wildschweine erklären. Mit Haken oder Borsten ausgestattete, d.h. an Epizoochorie angepasste Diasporen waren häufiger, aber auch viele Arten mit unspezialisierten Diasporen kamen ausschließlich in der Samenbank bei Malbäumen vor. Anders als weitgehend an Wald gebundene Pflanzenarten waren solche, die sowohl im Wald und im Offenland vorkommen, sowie nicht im Wald vorkommende Arten häufiger neben Malbäumen als neben Kontrollbäumen. Diese Befunde stimmen mit denen früherer Untersuchungen von Diasporenladungen im Fell und in den Hufen geschossener Wildschweine überein. Unsere Methode erlaubt darüber hinaus aber die Identifizierung des Diasporentransports aus dem Offenland in die Waldbestände, wo sie insbesondere nach Störungen keimen dürften, sowie einer ungleichmäßigen Verteilung epizoochor ausgebreiteter Diasporen. Außerdem zeigt die Akkumulation von Samen von Nässezeigern neben den Malbäumen eine gezielte Ausbreitung nasse Standorte bewohnender Pflanzenarten zwischen entfernt gelegenen Suhlen.
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Wahab, Nor-Ul. "Evaluation of Supervised Machine LearningAlgorithms for Detecting Anomalies in Vehicle’s Off-Board Sensor Data." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Mikrodataanalys, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-28962.
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A diesel particulate filter (DPF) is designed to physically remove diesel particulate matter or soot from the exhaust gas of a diesel engine. Frequently replacing DPF is a waste of resource and waiting for full utilization is risky and very costly, so, what is the optimal time/milage to change DPF? Answering this question is very difficult without knowing when the DPF is changed in a vehicle. We are finding the answer with supervised machine learning algorithms for detecting anomalies in vehicles off-board sensor data (operational data of vehicles). Filter change is considered an anomaly because it is rare as compared to normal data. Non-sequential machine learning algorithms for anomaly detection like oneclass support vector machine (OC-SVM), k-nearest neighbor (K-NN), and random forest (RF) are applied for the first time on DPF dataset. The dataset is unbalanced, and accuracy is found misleading as a performance measure for the algorithms. Precision, recall, and F1-score are found good measure for the performance of the machine learning algorithms when the data is unbalanced. RF gave highest F1-score of 0.55 than K-NN (0.52) and OCSVM (0.51). It means that RF perform better than K-NN and OC-SVM but after further investigation it is concluded that the results are not satisfactory. However, a sequential approach should have been tried which could yield better result.
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Hallbäck, Sofia, and Ellen Paulsson. "Reducing waste with an optimized trimming model in production planning." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för matematik och matematisk statistik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-173253.
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In which ways can the process of trimming dispersion coated board products be optimized so as to reduce material waste and increase production efficiency? This is the question that this master thesis report seeks to answer. In paper production, alot of waste is generated when cutting production reels into customer reels. Some material waste are necessary in order to ensure good quality, however a large amount of the wastecould be reduced if the cutting process was to be optimized. During this project, carried out at a forest company, a mathematical optimization model was developed in order to reduce waste and save costs. This model is based on a cutting stock problem using column generation approach. It provides as its output cutting patterns and an optimal allocation of rolls for production purposes, which implies minimizing the number production rolls needed.The visualization of the results could also be used to achieve optimal stock levels, and easier keep track on how to use the material available in stock. Findings show that there are potential savings to be done. Simulations suggest an implementation of this model could result in material savings of around 7 %. This could also translateto environmental savings in CO2, where every decrease of one tonne material equals to adecrease in CO2emissions of 500 kg
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Gomon, Stephanie J. "The Influence of Promotional Brochures and Pricing Strategies on Consumer Purchase Decisions for Forest Stewardship Council Certified Hardwood Boards in Home Centers." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/10025.
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This study is one of the first of its kind to examine actual consumer purchasing decisions for forest products certified by the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC). Consumer purchasing was examined based on the presence or absence of a promotional brochure and a price premium for red oak and yellow poplar surfaced-four-sides (S4S) boards. This research also compared typical demographic factors for purchasers and non-purchasers of FSC certified S4S boards. Finally, the study examined subscales from a previously designed ecoscale to determine whether two of the subscales were effective predictors of the sale of FSC certified boards.
Due to significant interactions between the price premium and the promotional brochure, Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) statistics could not be interpreted. However, these strong interactions indicate that these two factors are interdependent. Examining respondents' understanding of the trade term, "certification," showed that most did not understand the term as it is used by the forest products industry. Respondents did not link certification directly with the environment, but rather stated that it was a measure of quality excellence. This illustrates that the forest products industry must use more specific descriptions that consumers will understand when referring to certification.
Based on survey results from this study, a large proportion of respondents who paid more for FSC certified boards were unable to recall whether they had cost any more than the alternative product. Respondents of this study were not found to have a high level of confidence in the environmental claims of any group. These included forest products companies, industry associations, and independent organizations. The subscales of a previously designed ecoscale were not found to be strong indicators of a respondents' likelihood to purchase FSC certified S4S boards.
This project should be seen as a starting point for additional researchers interested in studying actual purchase decisions of consumers of environmentally conscious products, such as certified hardwood boards.Master of Science
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Sunyer, Sala Pau. "Context dependency in acorn predation and dispersal by Apodemus sylvaticus in Mediterranean oak forests: the role of seasonality, spatial heterogeneity and animal-animal interactions." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/294029.
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La biodiversitat que observem resulta d'una complexa història evolutiva d'interaccions entre els organismes. Les interaccions planta-animal en son un cas paradigmàtic, des de relacions antagòniques a mutualistes, però determinar-ne el resultat pot ser complicat, com en el cas de la dispersió de llavors per rosegadors. Moltes especies de rosegadors son àvids consumidors de llavors, però també actius dispersors, inclús emmagatzemant-ne per al posterior consum, potencialment afavorint la dispersió i regeneració de l’espècie amb la que interactuen. Per això molts estudis s'han centrat en aquesta interacció, tot i que poques vegades s'ha considerat la influència que pot tenir la gran variabilitat temporal i espacial del context on es dóna.
L'objectiu principal d'aquesta tesi és estudiar com els patrons de dispersió/depredació d'aglans per rosegadors poden estar influïts per la variabilitat del context en el que té lloc i determinar com pot afectar el reclutament de les espècies sobre les que actuen. Amb aquest fi hem utilitzat un model d'estudi paradigmàtic dels ambients Mediterranis: el ratolí de bosc, Apodemus sylvaticus, com a dispersor i depredador d'aglans en un bosc mixte de roure (Quercus pubescens) i alzina (Quercus ilex) al Parc Natural de Collserola. Hem mostrejat intensivament la població de rosegadors a la zona d'estudi i altres variables ambientals (producció i abundància d'aglans, coberta de vegetació, furgades de senglar), així com el reclutament de plàntules de Quercus. També hem analitzat els patrons de dispersió/depredació d'aglans per rosegadors mitjançant l'enregistrament del seu comportament i el seguiment d'aglans marcats.
Els nostres resultats indiquen que les dinàmiques demogràfiques d' A. sylvaticus estan condicionades per la disponibilitat d'aglans, amb importants davallades estivals en l'abundància degut a la sequera i l'escassetat d'aliment. A més, les diferències fenològiques en la producció d'aglans entre roure i alzina també afecten les decisions dels rosegadors, que canvien les seves preferències per l'espècie més abundant. Per altra banda, hem documentat l'efecte de nivells tròfics superiors (carnívors) en el destí de les llavors mitjançant canvis en el comportament dels rosegadors, així com efectes de competidors per aquest recurs (senglars i conspecifics) en els patrons de dispersió/depredació d'aglans. L'activitat dels rosegadors també juga un paper important en l'establiment de plàntules de Quercus, com a dispersors, movent principalment aglans de sota els arbusts cap a zones mes obertes en aquests boscos d’elevada densitat, però també com a "lladres" d'aglans, reduint les oportunitats de reclutament per a la planta. De fet, la distribució espacial de plàntules en la zona d'estudi està determinada principalment per la disponibilitat d'aglans, mentre que el possible efecte protector dels arbusts no té tanta importància com esperàvem prèviament, degut a les característiques del bosc (coberta arbòrea densa).
Aquesta tesi documenta que la interacció entre planta i rosegadors pot ser molt variable depenent del context on es dóna, de manera que el paper dels rosegadors com a dispersors i depredadors d'aglans en boscos Mediterranis de Quercus pot diferir en funció de l'estructura del bosc (per exemple deveses vs. boscos tancats). Aquesta variabilitat temporal i espaial es deu principalment a la flexibilitat comportamental dels rosegadors, que adapten les seves decisions al context de cada lloc i moment. En canvi, hem documentat altres comportaments amb una tendència més fixa, com la preferència per llavors grans. En aquest sentit, aquests comportaments més fixes poden exercir pressions selectives importants sobre els trets vitals de la planta, mentre que comportaments més variables no tindran un efecte tant clar. Estudis futurs centrats en aquesta interacció entre planta i rosegadors haurien de tenir en compte aquesta variabilitat temporal i espacial, així com les interaccions assenyalades en el nostre estudi amb altres animals de la xarxa tròfica (carnívors i competidors).Earth's biodiversity results from a complex evolutionary history of interactions among organisms. Plant-animal interactions are a paradigmatic example of such ecological relationships, from antagonistic to mutualistic relationships, although determining its result might be difficult, like in the case of seed dispersal by rodents. Many rodent species are avid seed consumers, but also active dispersers, caching seeds in burrows for further consumption, potentially contributing to the dispersion and regeneration of the species with which they interact. Thus, many studies have focused on this interaction, although the influence of the great spatial and temporal variability of the context where it occurs has not been generally considered. The main objective of this thesis is to assess how the acorn predation/dispersal patterns by rodents may be influenced by the contextual variability, and to determine how this variability might affect the recruitment of the species with whom they interact. To that end we have used a well-known study model paradigmatic of Mediterranean environments: the wood mouse, Apodemus sylvaticus, as seed predator and disperser of acorns in a mixed oak forest of Holm oak (Quercus ilex) and Downy oak (Quercus pubescens) in the Collserola Natural Park. We have intensively monitored the rodent population in the study area, some environmental factors (acorn production and abundance, vegetation cover, wild boar rooting), and oak’s seedling emergence. We have also analyzed the acorn predation/dispersal patterns of rodents by recording their foraging behaviour and monitoring tagged acorns. Our results show that the demographic dynamics of A. Sylvaticus are conditioned by the availability of acorns, with important population declines in the summers, due to the effects of drought and food scarcity. Moreover, the differences in seeding phenology between Q. ilex and Q. pubescens also affect rodent’s foraging decisions, as they change their seed preferences for the most abundant species. We have also documented an effect of upper trophic levels (carnivores) on seed’s fate by influencing rodent’s behaviour, as well as effects from competitors for that resource (wild boars and conspecifics) on the acorn predation/dispersal patterns. Rodent’s activity also plays an important role in oak’s seedling establishment, as seed dispersers, removing many acorns from under shrubs towards open sites in these close canopy forests, but also as seed pilferers, reducing the recruitment opportunities of oaks. In fact, the spatial distribution of oak seedlings in the study area is mainly determined by the availability of acorns, while the potential nursing effect of shrubs does not have such an important effect as we had previously anticipated, due to the forest characteristics (dense tree canopy). This thesis documents the great context dependent variability in the interaction among plants and rodents, so that rodent’s role as acorn predators and dispersers in Mediterranean oak forests may be very different according to the forest structure (e.g. savanah-like forests vs. close canopy forests). This spatial and temporal variability occurs mainly due to the behavioural plasticity of rodents, which adapt their foraging choices to the context of every place and moment. On the other hand, we have also documented other behaviours that show a rather fixed trend, such as the preference for bigger and sound acorns. In this sense, these more fixed behaviours might represent important selective pressures on the life history traits of the plants they interact with, while more variable behaviours will not have such clear effect. Further studies focussed on this interaction among plants and rodents should consider this great temporal and spatial variability, as well as the interactions with other animals of the trophic web shown in our study (carnivores and competitors).
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Heinken, Thilo, and Dorit Raudnitschka. "Do wild ungulates contribute to the dispersal of vascular plants in central European forests by epizoochory? A case study in NE Germany." Universität Potsdam, 2002. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2005/585/.
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The external dispersal ("epizoochory") of vascular plant diaspores (seeds and fruits) by roe deer and wild boar, i.e. the most common wild large mammals with a large home range in central Europe, was investigated in a 6.5-km² forest area in NE Germany dominated by mesic deciduous forests. The study involved brushing out the diaspores from the coats and hooves of 25 shot roe deer and nine wild boar. The results were compared with the forest vegetation of the study area. Whilst wild boar transported large amounts of various diaspores in the coat, the significance of roe deer for epizoochory was low due to their sleek fur and different behaviour compared to wild boar. Altogether, 55 vascular plant species were transported externally. Since only a limited number of seeds came from woodland habitats, the open landscape was at least as important as a source of attached seeds as the forest vegetation. Thus, most plant species occurring in the studied forest area, especially characteristic woodland herbs, showed no adaptations to epizoochorous dispersal, although being very abundant in the herb layer. We conclude that hoofed game play a particular role concerning the dispersal of ruderal and grassland species in the agricultural landscape of central Europe. However, the actual spread of some herb species in forests of northern Germany, e.g. Agrostis capillaris, Brachypodium sylvaticum, Deschampsia flexuosa, Galium aparine and Urtica dioica, may be mainly facilitated by wild ungulates. Though dispersal by large mammals is an important mechanism for long-distance dispersal of plants in general, our results suggest that most of the characteristic herb species of mesic deciduous forests have only low epizoochorous dispersal potentials. The implications for nature conservation and silviculture are discussed.Die Ausbreitung von Gefäßpflanzen-Diasporen (Samen und Früchte) durch äußerliche Anhaftung ("Epizoochorie") an Rehen und Wildschweinen, den beiden häufigsten Schalenwild-Arten in Mitteleuropa, wurde im 6,5 km² großen Forst Brieselang bei Berlin (Bundesland Brandenburg) untersucht, in dem mesophile Laubwälder vorherrschen. Dazu wurden die Felle und Hufe von 25 geschossenen Rehen und neun Wildschweinen ausgekämmt und die Diasporen anschließend bestimmt. Die Ergebnisse wurden mit der Waldvegetation verglichen. Während Wildschweine große Mengen verschiedener Diasporentypen transportierten, war die Bedeutung von Rehen für die Ausbreitung von Pflanzen auf Grund des glatten Fells und der im Vergleich zum Wildschwein unterschiedlichen Verhaltensweisen wesentlich geringer. Insgesamt wurden 55 Phanerogamenarten epizoochor transportiert. Da nur ein kleiner Teil der ausgebreiteten Pflanzen Waldhabitate bevorzugt, war das Offenland eine mindestens ebenso wichtige Quelle anhaftender Diasporen wie die Waldvegetation. Die meisten Waldpflanzenarten wurden nicht ausgebreitet; insbesondere solche Arten, die ausschließlich in Wäldern wachsen, wurden nicht nachgewiesen. Viele Pflanzenarten sind – vermutlich auf Grund ihrer Diasporenmorphologie – weitgehend vom Transport ausgeschlossen, obwohl sie sehr häufig in der Krautschicht des untersuchten Waldes vorkommen. Daher ist Schalenwild in der Agrarlandschaft Mitteleuropas vermutlich vor allem für die Ausbreitung von Ruderal-, Segetal- und Grünlandpflanzen von Bedeutung. Die Ausbreitung einiger Pflanzenarten der Krautschicht in norddeutschen Wäldern z.B. Agrostis capillaris, Brachypodium sylvaticum, Deschampsia flexuosa, Galium aparine und Urtica dioica, könnte jedoch wesentlich auf Schalenwild zurückgehen. Obwohl Großsäuger insgesamt ein wichtiger Vektor für die Fernausbreitung von Pflanzen sind, zeigt unsere Studie, dass die meisten charakteristischen Waldbodenpflanzen mesophiler Laubwälder kaum ausgebreitet werden, also nur ein geringes epizoochores Ausbreitungspotenzial aufweisen. Die Bedeutung der Ergebnisse für den Waldnaturschutz und den Waldbau wird diskutiert.
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Lundquist, Kristin. "Vildsvinsbök i skogsmark – en studie i tre områden i Mellansverige." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för ekonomi, teknik och naturvetenskap, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-32034.
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I april-juli år 2010 undersöktes tre studieområden i mellersta Sverige avseende hur fördelningen av vildsvinsbök såg ut i dessa områden. Resultaten visade att vildsvinsbök främst återfanns i miljöer dominerade av tall-och granskog där åldern på träden låg runt 45-90 år, samt med fältskikt bestående av bärris, mossa eller gräs. På två utav de tre lokalerna påverkades inte arealen på bök av faktorer såsom trädartsammansättning, trädålder eller fältskikt men det fanns däremot korrelationer mellan dessa faktorer på en utav lokalerna. Vidare påverkades arealen på bök inte av populationstäthet eller hur lång tid vildsvin förekommit i området.In April-July in 2010, three forest dominated areas in central Sweden were studied to investigate wild boar rooting habits. The results showed that rooting mainly occurred in pine-and spruce dominated habitats where tree-ages varied between 45-90 years old and with ground surface vegetation consisting of shrubs (blueberry/lingonberry), mosses and grass. In two of the three study areas the size of rooted areas was not affected by factors such as tree species composition, forest age or vegetation ground cover, but correlations between these factors were found in one of the areas. The size of rooted areas was not affected by the population density or the time with wild boar present in the area.
Books on the topic "Forestry Board"
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Larson, Frederic R. International board-foot volume tables for trees in the Susitna River Basin, Alaska. [Portland, Or.]: Pacific Northwest Research Station, 1990.
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Larson, Frederic R. International board-foot volume tables for trees in the Susitna River Basin, Alaska. [Portland, Or.]: Pacific Northwest Research Station, 1990.
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California. State Board of Forestry. Centennial Conference. Forerunners of forestry's future: Proceedings, March 4-5, 1985, Yosemite National Park. [Sacramento]: State Board, 1985.
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Oregon State Board of Forestry. Board of Forestry report to the Oregon Legislature: Implementation of House bill 3396 : progress report. Salem, Or: Oregon State Board of Forestry, 1988.
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DeMars, Donald J. Board-foot and cubic-foot volume tables for Western redcedar in southeast Alaska. [Portland, Or.] (333 S.W. First Ave., P.O. Box 3890, Portland 97208-3890): U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 1996.
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DeMars, Donald J. Board-foot and cubic-foot volume tables for Western redcedar in southeast Alaska. [Portland, Or.] (333 S.W. First Ave., P.O. Box 3890, Portland 97208-3890): U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 1996.
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DeMars, Donald J. Board-foot and cubic-foot volume tables for Western redcedar in Southeast Alaska. [Portland, Or.]: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 1996.
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DeMars, Donald J. Board-foot and cubic-foot volume tables for Western redcedar in Southeast Alaska. [Portland, Or.]: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 1996.
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Walters, David K. Predicting merchantable volume in cubic feet to a variable top and in Scribner board feet to a 6-inch top for six major conifers of southwest Oregon. Corvallis, Or: Forest Research Laboratory, College of Forestry, Oregon State University, 1986.
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Technical Workshop to Explore Options for Global Forestry Management (1991 Bangkok, Thailand). Technical Workshop to Explore Options for Global Forestry Management: Bangkok, Thailand, 24 to 30 April 1991 : organised by Office of the National Environment Board, Ministry of Science, Technology and Energy : supported and assisted by International Tropical Timber Organisation ... et al.] : proceedings. Edited by Howlett David, Sargent Caroline, Thailand. Samnakngān Khana Kammakān Singwǣtlō̜m hǣng Chāt., International Tropical Timber Organization, and International Institute for Environment and Development. [London?]: International Institute for Environment and Development, 1991.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Forestry Board"
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Salfer, Martin, Hendrik Schweppe, and Claudia Eckert. "Efficient Attack Forest Construction for Automotive On-board Networks." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 442–53. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-13257-0_27.
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Pinmaneenopparat, Sutanan, Kulchadarat Punyawong, Itsarawan Huaihongthong, Nuttakul Khunnala, Patcharapon Jumsri, Sucharat Tungsukruthai, Wuthiwong Wimolsakcharoen, and Pongchai Dumrongrojwatthana. "Community Forest Board Game for Learning Interactions Among Ecosystem Components in Community Forest with Local People." In Translational Systems Sciences, 355–63. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-8039-6_33.
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"Appendices - abstracts from the pre-meeting report to the Maritime Board on Tropical Forestry." In TROPICAL HARDWOODS IN THE MARITIME ENVIRONMENT- A CASE FOR THEIR CONTINUED USE., 38–44. Thomas Telford Publishing, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/thitmeacftcu.45422.bm01.
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Lewis, Daniel. "Becoming Endemic." In Belonging on an Island. Yale University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.12987/yale/9780300229646.003.0005.
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This chapter examines the Japanese White-eye, Zosterops japonicus, and the confounding nature of introduced species, some of which have been here long enough to have evolved into something unique to the islands. The White-eye, also known by its Japanese name Mejiro, has been a fixture in the islands since it was introduced on Oʻahu by the Hawaiʻi Board of Commissioners of Agriculture and Forestry (BCAF) in 1929, which was interested in birds primarily as a form of insect control. The White-eye's introduction was then continued by the Hui Manu, a private group founded in 1930 as an acclimatization society that introduced birds from around the world for aesthetic reasons.
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Vogel, David. "Protecting the Land." In California Greenin', 48–83. Princeton University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691196176.003.0003.
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This chapter discusses the efforts to protect Yosemite and the sequoias in the Sierras in the nineteenth century and then turns to the more heated conflicts over the fate of the coastal redwoods. The roots of California's tradition of civic mobilization lie in nature protection. This tradition began with the efforts of a few prominent individuals—including John Muir, Horace Greeley, and Frederick Olmsted—and then became institutionalized in the upper-middle-class Sierra and Sempervirens clubs and the predominantly upper-class Save-the-Redwoods League. Broader grassroots citizen mobilization played a critical role in campaigns to return control of Yosemite to the federal government, expand the size of and increase the funding for state parks, and protect endangered sequoias in the Sierras. The state's administrative capacity to protect California's scenic environment was initially limited, paralleling its inability to regulate hydraulic mining during the mid-nineteenth century. However, this capacity subsequently expanded through the establishment of institutions such as the State Board of Agriculture, the State Forestry Commission, and the State Parks Commission.
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"Editorial Advisory Board." In Encyclopedia of Forest Sciences, 1. Elsevier, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b0-12-145160-7/00347-1.
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Wilshire, Howard G., Richard W. Hazlett, and Jane E. Nielson. "Once and Future Trees." In The American West at Risk. Oxford University Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195142051.003.0006.
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Along the Colorado Plateau’s high-standing Mogollon Rim in northern Arizona’s Coconino National Forest stands a small patch of big trees that matured well before Europeans came to North America. Massive ponderosa pines, and even pinyon pines and western junipers, tower above the forest floor, shutting out all but the most shade-tolerant competitors. Few places like this one still exist anywhere in the United States, even on national forest lands. A tourist hoping to see all the diversity that earliest European arrivals found commonplace in the western landscape must seek out a wide scattering of isolated enclaves across the region. Western forests no longer contain the grand glades and lush thickets that our forerunners encountered because most woodlands, especially those owned by the public, largely serve a wide variety of human purposes, as campsites or home sites, board-feet of lumber, potential jobs, recreational playgrounds, and even temples of the spirit. We also rely on forests to maintain habitat for endangered species and seed banks for restoring depleted biodiversity—and to provide us with clean air and water, stable hillside soils, and flood control in wet years. Forests must perform these roles while being consumed, fragmented by roads, and heavily eroded. But there is no guarantee that these most beloved and iconic of natural resources can sustain such a burden. Federal, state, and local government agencies oversee and regulate western U.S. forest lands and their uses, trying to manage the complex and only partly understood biological interactions of forest ecology to serve public needs. But after nine decades of variable goals, and five decades of encroaching development, western woodlands are far from healthy. Urban pollution and exotic tree diseases, some brought by humans, are killing pines, firs, and oaks. Loggers have more than decimated the oldest mountainside forests—most valuable for habitat and lumber alike—with clearcutting practices that induce severe soil erosion. Illegal clearings for marijuana farms are increasing.
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Blair, Janis E. "Paracoccidioides brasiliensis." In Mayo Clinic Infectious Diseases Board Review, 171–73. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199827626.003.0018.
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Paracoccidioides brasiliensis is found only in Latin America. It is endemic in Mexico, Central America, and South America. Most cases (80%) have been reported from Brazil, followed by Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, and Argentina. Most cases occur in tropical and subtropical forests, where temperatures are mild and humidity is high throughout the year. Infection can be asymptomatic or can cause mucosal lesions involving the mouth, lips, tongue or nose. It can also cause lymphadenopathy, dyspnea, cough, and skin lesions. Diagnosis and treatment are also reviewed.
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Price, Max D. "Animals in a Landscape." In Evolution of a Taboo, 10–26. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197543276.003.0002.
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The geography of the Near East is laid out with specific reference to the environments most favorable to Sus scrofa, or pigs and wild boar—woodlands, marshes, and human settlements. Wild boar are nonruminating artiodactyls that evolved in Southeast Asia 10–5.3 million years ago. The domestication of pigs from wild boar developed in China and the Near East over a period of 10,000 years. Domestication is a biological process driven by human culture. It occurs when humans take control of animals, perceiving them as property, and animals develop genetic adaptations in response to human management. Humans have devised a number of methods for keeping pigs, generally ranging from the extensive (allowing pigs to roam the countryside or forests) to intensive (confining pigs to pens). Because of their uniqueness as a livestock species, several “pig principles” have been identified and have guided the study of pigs in the Near East.
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Vig, Shinu, and Richa Narayan Agarwal. "E-Waste Management in India." In Examining the Intersection of Circular Economy, Forestry, and International Trade, 165–73. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-4990-2.ch014.
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E-waste is a rising problem given the volumes of e-waste being generated and the content of both toxic and valuable materials in them. This new kind of waste has raised serious concerns regarding their disposition and recycling all over the world. Having hazardous components in television and computer monitors (lead, mercury, and cadmium) and in circuit boards (nickel, beryllium, and zinc), the recycling and discarding of e-waste becomes a key concern. Disposal of e-waste poses serious environmental and health hazards. However, these problems can be tackled with the help of a circular approach. In this backdrop, the chapter discusses the problem of e-waste management in India, the related environmental and health issues in e-waste handling and disposal. It also discusses e-waste recycling practices in India and the current policy level interventions by the government. The chapter also highlights the possible business opportunities offered by the circular approach to e-waste management.
Conference papers on the topic "Forestry Board"
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Sineva, I. S., and M. D. Molovtsev. "An Integrated Approach to the Regression Problem in Forest Fires Detection." In 2020 Systems of Signals Generating and Processing in the Field of on Board Communications. IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ieeeconf48371.2020.9078645.
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Alexandrovich, Kalashnikov Evgeniy, Kondybayeva Almagul Baurzhanovna, and Ositis Anastasia Petrovna. "Inner parameters' optimization in the artificial neural network for the traffic data classification in radiofrequency applications: Classification of nonstationary data using the machine learning algorithm “random forest”." In 2018 Systems of Signals Generating and Processing in the Field of on Board Communications. IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/sosg.2018.8350599.
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Chen, Zheng, Mengmeng Sun, Xing Shu, Jiangwei Shen, and Renxin Xiao. "On-board state of health estimation for lithium-ion batteries based on random forest." In 2018 IEEE International Conference on Industrial Technology (ICIT). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icit.2018.8352448.
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Mokros, Martin. "FIRST TEST OF LOW-COST SINGLE-BOARD COMPUTER BASED CAMERA FOR CLOSE-RANGE FOREST PHOTOGRAMMETRY." In 17th International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference SGEM2017. Stef92 Technology, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2017h/33/s14.066.
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Исаева, Елена, Elena Isaeva, Ольга Педосич, and Olga Pedosich. "SWEET OAT CULTIVATION IN LUPIN CROP ROTATION IN DIFFERENT SYSTEMS OF THE MAIN SOIL TILLAGE." In Multifunctional adaptive feed production. ru: Federal Williams Research Center of Forage Production and Agroecology, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.33814/mak-2019-21-69-86-90.
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The article presents results of tests which have been done during the stationary experiment carried out in the South-West of Bryansk region of the Non-Chernozem zone of Russia on gray forest soil. The test object in 2015–2018 was to study methods of the main soil tillage and their effect on productivity of sweet oat. The test scheme consists of four variants of the main soil tillage at sweet oat cultivation in four-field lupin crop rotation. The variant earth board ploughing added by deep loosening once in four years for lupin stood out under the test period conditions. Sweet oat had high yield and nutritive value at this soil tillage. These indices were energetically profitable.
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Cole, Daniel P., Monica Rivera, and Mark Bundy. "Characterization of Mechanical Properties in Multifunctional Structural-Energy Storage Nanocomposites for Lightweight Micro Autonomous Systems." In ASME 2011 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2011-5182.
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A major concern in the design of micro-robotic systems is an on-board energy supply capable of providing the necessary power requirements, while limiting the volume/mass burden to the vehicle. The conventional solution to this design problem is to maximize the energy density of the on-board power supply. An alternative approach is to replace single-function structural components with multifunctional structural-energy storage materials. The mass and volume savings associated with the material substitution could potentially result in improved endurance and/or increased payload (e.g. video camera, microphone, chemical/biological sensors). In this study, carbon nanotube (CNT) based composites were used to fabricate structural-energy storage materials. Specifically, supercapacitor electrodes were constructed from paper covered with CNT ink and from polymer matrices infused with aligned CNT forests. The composites were subject to bulk mechanical tests in order to characterize their suitability as structural components in micro-autonomous systems. Tensile tests on the paper composites show directional and strain rate dependencies. The CNT-ink deposition process was found to degrade the elastic modulus of the paper by approximately 50%, although the tensile strength of the materials was largely unaffected. Preliminary electrical characterization of the CNT-coated electrode materials indicate that the nanomaterials potentially reach a percolation threshold after multiple depositions, resulting in a conductive surface network. Initial results indicate that improvements in the electrical properties of the CNT paper electrodes are met with reductions in the mechanical performance of the composites.
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Narayanagari, Lekhasree, and Baidya Nath Saha. "Machine Learning Driven IoT Based Smart Health Care Kit." In Intelligent Computing and Technologies Conference. AIJR Publisher, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21467/proceedings.115.24.
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This paper focuses on developing a machine learning driven IOT based smart healthcare kit. It plays an important role in emergency medical service like Intensive Care Units (ICU), by using an INTEL GALILEO 2ND generation development board. It facilitates to monitor and track different health indicators such as Blood Pressure, Pulses, and Temperature of the patient. This system allows to send the real time data of a patient to the physician and record it for future use. In this research we conducted two experiments: a)heart disease prediction from pathology data and b) lung disease prediction from X-ray images. For heart disease prediction we evaluate the performance of K-Nearest Neighbour and Random Forest Classifier and for lung disease prediction, we use VGG19 deep architecture. Experimental results demonstrate that machine learning can help to automate the IoT based smart healthcare kit and help doctors to diagnose the diseases.
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Buzzetto-More, Nicole. "Navigating the Virtual Forest: How Networked Digital Technologies Can Foster Transgeographic Learning." In InSITE 2006: Informing Science + IT Education Conference. Informing Science Institute, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/2948.
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During the past decade the globally networked digital technologies that operate within the realm of the internet have encouraged academicians and educators the world over to communicate, collaborate, and share knowledge. They have stimulated the creation of transgeographic educational initiatives which broaden the opportunities of learners and are an effective means of eradicating ethnocentrism, xenophobia, and cultural divides. The construction of transgeographic learning communities within the unmapped virtual forest of the internet requires an organized and systematic approach. Success is dependent on committed participants; a shared learning platform; a clear understanding of purpose; extensive student and instructor preparedness towards technology usage; exemplary curricula; a central focus for investigation; interaction with experts; extensive opportunities for intellectual discourse; and collaboration. The purpose of this paper is to offer an independent examination of a successful technology-dependent transgeographic learning project that serves as a model from which to base future projects. The Summer Ecosystems Experience for Undergraduates (SEE-U) is available to colleges and university students worldwide, operating at three geographically distinct locations concurrently. The program includes global networking, GPS and GIS usage, a shared investigative focus, real-time interactions, data collection, a globally networked geo-referenced digital database that was specifically created for this project, data manipulation, online lectures, bulletin board discussions, Web-based office hours, links to relevant resources, expert presenters, online demonstration videos, networked simulations, collaborative research, and a series of student presentations.
Reports on the topic "Forestry Board"
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Viguri, Sofía, Sandra López Tovar, Mariel Juárez Olvera, and Gloria Visconti. Analysis of External Climate Finance Access and Implementation: CIF, FCPF, GCF and GEF Projects and Programs by the Inter-American Development Bank. Inter-American Development Bank, January 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003008.
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In response to the Paris Agreement and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), the IDB Group Board of Governors endorsed the target of increasing climate-related financing in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) from 15% in 2015 to 30% of the IDB Groups combined total approvals by 2020. Currently, the IDB Group is on track to meet this commitment, as in 2018, it financed nearly US$5 billion in climate-change-related activities benefiting LAC, which accounted for 27% of total IDB Groups annual approvals. In 2019, the overall volume and proportion of climate finance in new IDBG approvals have increased to 29%. As the IDB continues to strive towards this goal by using its funds to ramp-up climate action, it also acknowledges that tackling climate change is an objective shared with the rest of the international community. For the past ten years, strategic partnerships have been forged with external sources of finance that are also looking to invest in low-carbon and climate-resilient development. Doing this has contributed to the Banks objective of mobilizing additional resources for climate action while also strengthening its position as a leading partner to accelerate climate innovation in many fields. From climate-smart technologies and resilient infrastructure to institutional reform and financial mechanisms, IDB's use of external sources of finance is helping countries in LAC advance toward meeting their international climate change commitments. This report collects a series of insights and lessons learned by the IDB in the preparation and implementation of projects with climate finance from four external sources: the Climate Investment Funds (CIF), the Forest Carbon Partnership Facility (FCPF), the Green Climate Fund (GCF) and the Global Environment Facility (GEF). It includes a systematic revision of their design and their progress on delivery, an assessment of broader impacts (scale-up, replication, and contributions to transformational change/paradigm shift), and a set of recommendations to optimize the access and use of these funds in future rounds of climate investment. The insights and lessons learned collected in this publication can inform the design of short and medium-term actions that support “green recovery” through the mobilization of investments that promote decarbonization.