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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Forestry production'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 28 May 2022

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1

Andersson, Mikael. "Spatial allocation of forest production : aspects on multiple-use forestry in Sweden /." Alnarp : Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2002. http://diss-epsilon.slu.se/archive/00000166/.

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Thesis (doctoral)--Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2002.
Thesis documentation sheet inserted. Appendix includes four papers and manuscripts co-written with others. Includes bibliographical references. Also partially issued electronically via World Wide Web in PDF format; online version lacks appendix.
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2

Jucker, Tommaso. "Relating aboveground wood production to tree diversity in forest ecosystems." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2015. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.709094.

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3

Ofoegbu, Chidiebere. "An evaluation of the socio-economic impact of timber production with and without the inclusion of biomass energy production." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/4111.

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Thesis (MScFor (Forest and Wood Science))--University of Stellenbosch, 2010.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The discussion on climate change is leading to a re-evaluation of tree plantations in South Africa; prompting the adoption of forest bioenergy system as one of the cost effective ‘carbon mitigation options’. In an analysis of this changing paradigm, emphasis was placed on the socio-economic aspects of integrated commercial tree plantations and forest bioenergy systems with special attention to harvest residues recovery for bioelectricity production and construction and operation of a bioelectricity plant. The study also explored the direct and indirect benefits that adjacent communities derive from tree plantations in South Africa in order to determine the potential impact of integrated timber and bioelectricity production on rural livelihood and conventional forestry operations. Structured questionnaires and in-depth interviews were used in randomly sampling twelve villages on Mondi tree plantations in the Piet Retief and Iswepe areas of South Africa. Six villages from each area were selected; and a systematic random sampling of ten households per village was carried out. The possibility of using harvest residues from final clear felling from these plantations for bioelectricity production was examined. The study developed and described a scenario for a five megawatt bioelectricity generation facility, requiring an annual volume of 19,569.85 dry tonnes of residues as feedstock for its operation. The study revealed that adjacent rural communities to Mondi plantations in Piet Retief and Iswepe areas enjoy direct benefits such as employment opportunities, utilization of harvest residues, utilization of non-timber resources, and free accommodation. Indirect benefits that these communities enjoy include: free farmland and graze-land and various social benefits. Issues of concern and dislike such as: lack of electricity; poor health and sanitation and transportation problems were also identified. Using NPV and IRR, the study estimated the economic impacts of integrated pulpwood and bioelectricity production, compared to conventional pulpwood production operation. The study concluded that integrated pulpwood and harvest residue recovery for bioelectricity production is a profitable means of producing renewable energy. The approach was found to increase the profitability of conventional forest operations.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Besprekings rondom klimaatsverandering lei tot ‘n her-evaluasie van boom plantasies in Suid Afrika wat aanleiding gee tot die aanvaarding van bio-energie stelsels as een van die koste effektiewe “koolstof versagtende opsies”. In ‘n ontleding van hierdie paradigma verandering, is klem geplaas op die sosio-ekonomiese aspekte van die integrasie van boom plantasies en bos bio-energie stelsels. Spesiale aandag is gegee aan onginningsafval herwinning vir bio-energie produksie en die konstruksie en werking van ‘n bio-elektriese kragsentrale. Die studie ondersoek ook die direkte en indirekte voordele wat gemeenskappe, aangrensend aan boom plantasies in Suid Afrika verkry, om sodoende die potensiële effek van geintegreerde hout en bio-elektriese produksie op landelike lewensbestaan en konvensionele bosbou operasies te bepaal. Gestruktureerde vraelyste en indiepte onderhoude is gebruik om ‘n lukraakte steekproef van twaalf dorpies op Mondi boom plantasies in die Piet Retief en Iswepe areas van Suid Afrika uit te voer. Ses dorpies in elke area is gekies en ‘n sistematiese lukraakte steekproef van tien huishoudings per dorpie is uitgevoer. Die moontlikheid om ontginningsafval van finale kaalkap van hierdie plantasies vir bio-elektrisiteit te gebruik is ook ondersoek. Die studie het ‘n senario ontwikkel en beskryf van ‘n vyf megawatt bio-elektriese kragsentrale wat ‘n jaarlikse volume van 11,708 droë ton ontginningsafval benodig as voermateriaal vir kragopwekking. Die studie het getoon dat aangrensende landelike gemeenskappe langs Mondi plantasies in die Piet Retief en Iswepe areas direkte voordele soos werksgeleenthede, gebruik van ontginningsafval, gebruik van nie-hout hulpbronne en gratis akkommodasie geniet. Indirekte voordele wat gemeenskappe geniet sluit in gratis toegang to landbou grond en weiding, sowel as sosiale voordele. Probleemfaktore waarmee hulle saamleef is ‘n gebrek aan elektrisiteit, swak gesondheids en sanitasie dienste en vervoerprobleme. Deur die gebruik van NPV en IRR analitiese metodes is die ekonomiese impak van geintegreerde pulphout en bio-elektrisiteits produksie bepaal en vergelyk met konfensionele pulphout produksie. Die gevolgtrekking is dat geintegreerde pulphout en ontginningsafval herwinning vir bio-elektrisiteit produksie ‘n winsgewende manier van hernubare energie produksie is. Die benadering kan die winsgewendheid van konfensionele bosbou operasies verbeter.
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4

Abrudan, Ioan Vasile. "Ecological and wood production investigations of the semi-natural beech-conifer mixtures in the Upper Dragan watershed (north-west Romania)." Thesis, Bucks New University, 1997. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.714439.

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5

Poudel, Bishnu Chandra. "Carbon Balance Implications Of Forest Biomass Production Potential." Doctoral thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Avdelningen för ekoteknik och hållbart byggande, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-22075.

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Forests in boreal and temperate forest-ecosystems have an important function since they sequester atmospheric carbon by uptake of carbon-dioxide in photosynthesis, and transfer and store carbon in the forest ecosystem. Forest material can be used for bio-fuel purposes and substitute fossil fuels, and supply wood products, which can replace carbon- and energy-intensive materials. Therefore it is vital to consider the role of forests regarding today´s aim to mitigate climate change. This thesis assess (i) how climate change affects future forest carbon balance, (ii) the importance of different strategies for forest management systems, and biomass production for the carbon balance, (iii) how the use of forest production affect the total carbon balance in a lifecycle perspective, and (iv) how the Swedish carbon balance is affected from the standpoint of both the actual use of forest raw material within Sweden and what Swedish forestry exports. The analysis was made mainly in a long-term perspective (60-300 year) to illustrate the importance of temporal and also the spatial perspective, as the analysis includes stand level, landscape level, and national level. In this thesis, forestry was considered a system. All activities, from forest regeneration to end use of forest products, were entities of this system. In the evaluation, made from a systems perspective, we used life-cycle analysis to estimate carbon stock in different system flows. Different forest management systems and forest production were integrated in the analyses. Different forest management scenarios were designed for the Swedish forest management in combination with the effect of future climate change; (i) intensive forest practice aiming at increased growth, (ii) increased forest set-aside areas, changes in forest management systems for biomass production, and (iii) how the use of forest production affect the total carbon balance (construction material, bioenergy and other domestic use). The results showed that future climate changes and intensive forest management with increased production could increase the biomass production and the potential use of forest raw material. This has a positive effect on carbon storage for the forest carbon stock, litter production and carbon storage in the ground etc. and help mitigating carbon-dioxide. Increased forest set-aside areas can increase the short-term carbon stock in forest ecosystems, but will reduce the total long-term carbon balance. The net carbon balance for clear-cut forestry did not differ significantly from continuous-cover forestry, but was rather a question of level of growth. Most important, in the long term, was according to our analysis, how forest raw material is used. Present Swedish forestry and use of forest raw material, both within Sweden and abroad, reduce carbon-dioxide emissions and mitigate climate change. The positive effect for the total carbon balance and climate benefit take place mostly abroad, due to the Swedish high level of export of wood products and the higher substitution effects achieved outside Swedish borders. One strategy is to increase production, harvest and change the use of Swedish forest raw material to replace more carbon intensive material, which can contribute to significant emission reduction. Carbon-dioxide mitigation, as a result of present Swedish forestry, was shown to be almost of the same level as the total yearly emission of greenhouse gases. The total carbon benefit would increase if the biomass production and felling increased and if Swedish wood products replaced carbon intensive materials.This thesis shows also that, by changing forest management, increase the growth and the use of forest raw material and export of forest material we can contribute to even larger climate benefits. In a long-term perspective, the substitution effects and replacement of carbon- and energy-intensive materials are of greater significance than carbon storage effects in forests. A more production oriented forestry needs to make balances and increase the prerequisite for biological diversity, improve recreation possibilities, and protect sensitive land areas and watersheds.Climate benefits, from Swedish forestry, are highly dependent on policy decision-making and how that can steer the direction for the Swedish forestry.
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6

Borralho, N. M. G. "Genetic improvement of Eucalyptus globulus Labill. ssp. globulus for pulp production." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.302761.

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7

Ohlsson, Bo. "Farmers and forest land use in Lao PDR and Vietnam /." Umeå : Dept. of Forest Resource Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2009. http://epsilon.slu.se/200918.pdf.

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8

Holmgren, Eva. "Forest commons in boreal Sweden : influences on forest condition, management and the local economy /." Umeå : Dept. of Forest Resource Management and Geomatics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2006. http://epsilon.slu.se/10124692.pdf.

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9

Clarke, Gary C. "Patterns of cone production in Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.) and the prediction of cone crops." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1997. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU090388.

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The location of cones in crowns of grafts and mature planted tress was studied in detail and relationships between cone type and shoot characteristics were investigated. The results enabled a regression model to be developed to relate cone counts in certain crown zones to overall cone bearing. It was demonstrated that there are patterns of cone production in the crowns of Picea sitchensis. Preferred zones for female bearing are high in the tree. Male cones tend to occur lower in the tree and more proximal to the stem than female cones. As total female cone production increases, cones are borne progressively further down the tree and towards the main stem. In all cases there were shoots that remained vegetative, regardless of total cone bearing. There were also interactions between the type of cone and the nature of the bearing shoot. On lower order shoots both male and female cones tended to be borne in the proximal lateral position. On progressively weaker shoots there is a tendency for cones to be borne in progressively more distal positions. The same progress of cone bearing - from proximal to distal positions - occurred on shoots of decreasing size. On forest trees the vast majority of cones are borne on trees of above average dimensions. Of the three measured variables (height, dbh and crown depth) height appeared to be the most important in influencing cone production. Prognostic tree and stand models were developed which were quite successful in predicting cone production in forest stands, particularly at low or zero levels of bearing. The presence of female cones on the bearing shoots affected both the development of more proximal buds on that shoot and the characteristics of offspring shoots. Offspring shoots on bearing parents were smaller and tended to bear fewer needles. The effect on the number of buds formed was not conclusive.
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10

Krapfl, Kurt J. "Soil resource and production dynamics of a tree-grass intercropping system managed across gradients of interspecific competition." Thesis, Mississippi State University, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3700075.

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Belowground competition presents a threat to the production and sustainability of tree-grass ecosystems. Management scenarios designed to optimize the spatial and temporal distribution of soil resources will improve resource-use efficiency and promote greater co-production. We conducted three experiments to assess competition dynamics between loblolly pine and switchgrass.

In a three-year field trial, loblolly pine and switchgrass were intercropped across varying competitive intensities. Interspecific competition decreased loblolly pine annual growth; however, establishing vegetation exclusion zones surrounding pines largely mitigated these effects. Switchgrass yields were less affected by interspecific competition compared to pines and land equivalency ratios indicated that with proper management co-production yields may exceed those of switchgrass monoculture. Switchgrass was a constant and significant competitor across all years while loblolly pine resource use was minimal in year 1 but increased in subsequent years.

In a short-term greenhouse experiment, native soil was amended with biochar and inorganic N fertilizer and the effects of these amendments upon soil properties and switchgrass productivity were assessed. Biochar increased soil pH, total soil carbon, and soil moisture. However, N fertilization had negligible effects upon soil properties. Plant response to biochar was neutral to negative while N fertilization increased switchgrass foliar biomass but no interactive effects of the amendments were observed. Although the effects of biochar upon switchgrass production were trivial, its positive influence upon soil properties suggests a potential for mitigating competitive interactions.

Finally, a field-scale study examined co-production of loblolly pine and switchgrass over two years in response to competition control, biochar, and N fertilizer. As expected, interspecific competition reduced soil resources and decreased plant productivity. Biochar increased total soil C and soil moisture levels but had relatively minor impacts upon other aspects of soil fertility or plant production. Nitrogen fertilization acidified soil pH and decreased total soil C and N but positively affected loblolly pine foliar N concentrations and switchgrass yields. A positive association between soil inorganic N and switchgrass yield suggests the species competitive influence may be increased with greater N supply.

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11

Nordmark, Urban. "Value recovery and production control in the forestry-wood chain using simulation technique /." Luleå : Luleå University of Technology, 2005. http://epubl.luth.se/1402-1544/2005/21.

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12

Ranasinghe, D. M. S. Hemanthi K. "The effect of management influences on biomass production, biomass distribution and the nutrient distribution of fast growing woody species." Thesis, Bangor University, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.327760.

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13

Holmgren, Eva. "Forest commons in boreal Sweden aims and outcomes on forest condition and rural development /." Umeå : Dept. of Forest Resource Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2009. http://epsilon.slu.se/200996.pdf.

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14

Cattle, Christopher. "Grown furniture : a move towards design for sustainability." Thesis, Bucks New University, 2002. http://bucks.collections.crest.ac.uk/9676/.

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This thesis deals with the proposal that environmentally benign items of free standing furniture may be produced by the use of such well established techniques as training and grafting natural tree growth to shape. The project has been driven by the growing environmental concerns of which mankind has become aware in the late twentieth century, and which are starting to exert such a powerful influence in the twenty first. A broad history of man's use and control of natural tree growth, ranging geographically from Europe to Australia, and in size from hand held agricultural picks to eighteenth century sailing ships, is followed by a brief description of the ways in which the explosive increase in world popuanon. together with the expanding industrial activities of the Western consumer society, are feared to be threatening the stability of the natural environment. The various disasters and catastrophic accidents which have brought this situation to the attention of the general public are briefly surveyed, together with National, International and a range of Industrial responses. As one of the professions most closely concerned with the production of consumer items, the various reactions of the Design Community are similarly examined. In conclusion, the author's proposal for an experimental item of furnitureenvironmentally benign in production, use and disposal - is described and illustrated. A simple free standing three legged stool, the form of both the item itself and that of the jig required to control it's growth, are described and illustrated. The growth of examples of this, carried out on three sites across southern Britain are documented, experimental results reported and discussed. A further range of designs suitable to be produced using this method of controlling and grafting natural growth is proposed, and suggestions made for further experimentation.
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15

Graham, Gary W. "Analysis of production practices and demographic characteristics of the Ohio maple syrup industry." The Ohio State University, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1116697646.

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16

Thornton, Rory Owen. "Evaluation of willow oak acorn production and the effects of midstory control and flooding on underplanted willow oak seedlings in two Arkansas greentree reservoirs." Master's thesis, Mississippi State : Mississippi State University, 2009. http://library.msstate.edu/etd/show.asp?etd=etd-03312009-135925.

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17

Karačić, Almir. "Production and ecological aspects of short rotation poplars in Sweden /." Uppsala : Dept. of Short Rotation Forestry, Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences, 2005. http://epsilon.slu.se/200513.pdf.

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18

Loganbill, Andrew Wood. "Post-fire Response of Little Creek Watershed: Evaluation of Change in Sediment Production and Suspended Sediment Transport." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2013. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/1028.

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The Little Creek watershed was assessed to identify changes in event-based suspended sediment export and determine the factors contributing to sediment production the first year following the Lockheed Fire in 2009. The amount and volume of near-stream sediment sources were found to decrease, while an increase in hillslope sediment production was documented. High intensity, short duration rainfall (up to 87 mm/hr for 10 minute duration) initiated extensive rilling and minor channel-derived debris torrents originating from the upper south facing slopes. Rainfall simulations, hillslope erosion plots, and soil infiltration tests indicated that fire produced soil water repellency, the lack of ground cover, steep slopes, and high soil burn severity were the most influential factors contributing to hillslope erosion. Contrary to results reported in other western U.S. studies, regression analyses determined that the effect of fire significantly decreased suspended sediment concentrations with higher flows at North Fork and Upper North Fork monitoring stations. The effect of the fire did not produce increases in stormflow volumes and event sediment load, likely due to the fact near-stream sediment contribution was minimal and the majority of hillslope-derived sediment sources were not hydrologically connected. This study provides valuable information for landowners and land managers to understand how a coastal redwood dominated watershed responds to wildfire and prepare post-fire mitigation efforts following future wildfires.
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19

Tian, Xiaohui. "Three Essays on the Economics of Carbon Sequestration, Timber Production and Land Use." The Ohio State University, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1407416316.

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20

Horton, C. "Biomass production, population structure, and self-thinning in experimental, short-rotation plantations of willow (Salix burjatica (Nasarov) 'Aquatica gigantea') in Northern Ireland." Thesis, University of Ulster, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.378610.

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21

Silva, Ramon Marcel da. "Silvicultura em pequenas e médias propriedades e a dinâmica da agricultura familiar no Planalto Sul de Santa Catarina." Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, 2014. http://tede.udesc.br/handle/handle/1954.

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Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-12T20:12:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PGEF14MA033.pdf: 752406 bytes, checksum: 3501f228c23b89b4fe17e363f0034bbb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-10-31
This study aims to identify, analyze and characterize the reforestation of exotic species deployed by smallholders in southern highlands de Santa Catarina, these stands here treated as "family forestry", and understand the dynamics of this forest that is common in the region even which contradicts the dynamics of enterprises. May form a hypothesis about the existence of family forestry in the region. The study area is in the mountainous plateau, known as the amures region, at an average altitude of approximately 856 meters, to meet the demand of this information, we made a survey region of quick questions used in the application of interviews with small and medium landowners rural, who are deploying stands of exotic forest species of the genus pinus, which applied 60 questionnaires distributed randomly in the study area, for a technical, economic and sociological analysis, in which area comprised a radius of up to 120 km from the location of the unit Klabin SA in Otacílio Costa (SC), where there is a high concentration of small and medium farmers with pine reforestation. To analyze the data collected made use of tools of descriptive statistics with means and proportions. After some data collected realized the need for a division of the questionnaires collected, it appeared two categories at work, the RESIDENTS and NO RESIDENTS of visited properties. Residents here with characteristics of farmers with smaller farms, smaller plantings, where hand labor is used for the family work on the farm, with the main source of income directed to agriculture, characterized also by not using people specialized to information regarding the manner of conducting the settlement, soon, with little forest management resulting in forests typically used in pulp and paper mills and power generation. Unlike the category of no residents, people with higher purchasing power, larger properties in general area entrepreneurs who use the land only for future investment and leisure, such that most respondents also is intended for the purpose of consumption of forest enterprises pulp and paper, since it is the predominant order in the region, showing the trend towards purpose in both categories, but this lower beyond these characteristics make use with these higher frequency of management techniques such as pruning and thinning also seeking other purposes wood, trying to capture more added value to the product
O presente trabalho tem como objetivo de identificar, analisar e caracterizar os reflorestamentos de espécies exóticas implantados por pequenos proprietários no Planalto Sul de Santa Catarina, povoamentos esses aqui tratados como silvicultura familiar , e entender a dinâmica dessa silvicultura que é frequente na região mesmo sendo contraria da dinâmica de grandes empresas. Podendo formar uma hipótese sobre a existência de uma silvicultura familiar na região. A área de estudo fica na região do Planalto Serrano, conhecida como região da Amures, em uma altitude média de aproximadamente 856 metros, para atender a demanda dessas informações, confeccionou-se um questionário de perguntas rápidas utilizado na aplicação das entrevistas com os pequenos e médios proprietários rurais, que estão implantando povoamentos de espécies florestais exóticas do gênero pinus, onde se aplicou 60 questionários distribuídos de forma aleatória na região de estudo, para uma análise técnica, econômica e sociológica, área na qual compreendeu um raio de até 120 km das instalações unidade da empresa Klabin S.A. em Otacílio Costa (SC), onde existe alta concentração de pequenos e médios agricultores com reflorestamento de pinus. Para análise dos dados coletados fez-se uso de ferramentas da estatística descritiva, com médias e proporções. Após alguns dados coletados percebeu-se a necessidade de uma divisão dos questionários coletados, com isso surgiu duas categorias no trabalho, os MORADORES e os NÃO MORADORES das propriedades visitadas. Moradores aqui com características próprias de agricultores familiares, com menores propriedades, menores plantios, onde a mão-de-obra utilizada é a familiar para trabalhos na unidade de produção, com principal fonte de renda voltada para a agricultura, caracterizado também pela não utilização de pessoas especializadas para indicações em relação à forma de condução do povoamento, logo, com pouco manejo florestal resultando em florestas tipicamente utilizadas em fabricas de papel e celulose ou geração de energia. Diferentemente da categoria dos não moradores, pessoas com maior poder aquisitivo, maiores propriedades, em geral empresários da região que utilizam as terras apenas para investimentos futuros e lazer, entrevistados esses que na maioria também tem como intenção a finalidade da floresta para consumo em empresas de celulose e papel, já que é o fim predominante na região, mostrando essa tendência em relação a finalidade em ambas categorias, porém nesta mais baixa, além dessas características os não moradores fazem uso com maior frequência de técnicas de manejo como poda e desbaste buscando também outros fins para madeira, tentando obter maior valor agregado ao produto
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22

Larsson-Stern, Marie. "Aspects of hybrid larch (Larix x eurolepis Henry) as a potential tree species in southern Swedish forestry /." Alnarp : Southern Swedish Forest Research Centre, Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences, 2003. http://epsilon.slu.se/8907884.pdf.

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23

Scheuermann, Cynthia M. "Forest Stand Structure and Primary Production in relation to Ecosystem Development, Disturbance, and Canopy Composition." VCU Scholars Compass, 2016. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/4653.

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Temperate forests are complex ecosystems that sequester carbon (C) in biomass. C storage is related to ecosystem-scale forest structure, changing over succession, disturbance, and with community composition. We quantified ecosystem biological and physical structure in two forest chronosequences varying in disturbance intensity, and three late successional functional types to examine how multiple structural expressions relate to ecosystem C cycling. We quantified C cycling as wood net primary production (NPP), ecosystem structure as Simpson’s Index, and physical structure as leaf quantity (LAI) and arrangement (rugosity), examining how wood NPP-structure relates to light distribution and use-efficiency. Relationships between structural attributes of biodiversity, LAI, and rugosity differed. Development of rugosity was conserved regardless of disturbance and composition, suggesting optimization of vegetation arrangement over succession. LAI and rugosity showed significant positive productivity trends over succession, particularly within deciduous broadleaf forests, suggesting these measures of structure contain complementary, not redundant, information related to C cycling.
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24

Shrestha, Prativa. "CARBON LIFE-CYCLE AND ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF FOREST CARBON SEQUESTRATION AND WOODY BIOENERGY PRODUCTION." UKnowledge, 2013. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/forestry_etds/14.

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Sequestering carbon in standing biomass, using woody bioenergy, and using woody products are the three potential ways to utilize forests in reducing greenhouse gases (GHGs) and mitigating climate change. These forestry related strategies are, however, greatly influenced by the existing markets and market based policies. This study focuses on the first two forest strategies. It investigates the combined impact of carbon and woody bioenergy markets on two different types of forests in the US – oak dominated mixed hardwood forests in the Central Hardwood Forests Region and loblolly pine forests in the southeastern US. A modification of the Harman model was used for the economic analysis of carbon sequestration and harvesting woody biomass for bioenergy. A forest carbon life-cycle assessment was used to determine the carbon emissions associated with management of forests and harvesting of wood products. Results from this study indicate that carbon payments and woody bioenergy production increase the land expectation value (LEV) for both forest types.
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25

Linnig, William A. III. "IS DENSIFIED BIOMASS FUEL FROM AGRO-FORESTRY WASTE A SUSTAINABLE ENERGY OPTION?" UKnowledge, 2012. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/me_etds/7.

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Raw biomass material is bulky, high in void fraction, and very low in transportation efficiency. Furthermore, biomass dissipates quickly in harsh environments of high heat furnaces because of its relatively low calorific value (BTU/lb) and has grinding or size degradation properties highly dissimilar from commonly-used fossil fuels like coal. Therefore, the development of transformational technologies are necessary to convert raw biomass into high-value and useful products of high hardness and calorific value without requiring excessive process energy. This thesis investigates the sustainability of densified biomass fuels. In addition, a procedure that converts raw biomass from agro/forest industry waste into a fuel source known as semi-carbonized densified biomass (SCDB) is shown to have the necessary performance qualities that are conducive to applications involving the harsh conditions of high heat furnaces. The SCDB is produced at temperatures between 115-230°C and pressures between 8-25 MPa. The raw biomass is transformed into a densified fuel source with maximum compressive strengths between 60-200 MPa and calorific values between 18-23 MJ/kg, which are essential to operating in high heat furnace environments. The procedural steps and equipment used to manufacture this densified fuel source are outlined in detail along with experimental results and discussions of initial testing.
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26

Lansing, David M. "The Spaces of Carbon: Calculation,Technology, and Discourse in the Production of Carbon Forestry Offsets in Costa Rica." The Ohio State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1250637819.

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27

Sandberg, Dick. "Value Activation with vertical annual rings - material, production, products." Doctoral thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för teknik, TEK, 1998. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-19082.

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Ahimbisibwe, Beine Peter. "A socio-economic assessment of the impacts of invasive alien plant species on forestry production the case of Senna spectabilis in Budongo forest reserve, Uganda /." Diss., Pretoria : [s.n.], 2009. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-11302009-210738/.

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Cortés, López Miguel Ángel. "Efecto de la PMSG en la sincronización del estro sobre el comportamiento reproductivo de ovejas de Pelo." Tesis de Licenciatura, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11799/65512.

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Tesis para obtención de título.
El presente estudio fue realizado en el rancho La Esperanza, localizado en San Pedro Limón, en el municipio de Tlatlaya, México; con el objetivo de evaluar la administración parenteral de 0 y 333 UI de gonadotropina de suero de yegua preñada (PMSG), en ovejas prímalas con sincronización del estro, 24 h antes del retiro de una esponja intravaginal conteniendo progestágenos (acetato de fluorogestona). Se utilizaron 28 ovejas prímalas Pelibuey blanco, con edad y peso promedio de 8 meses y 40 kg, respectivamente. Las ovejas fueron alimentadas en pastoreo rotacional, además del consumo de alimento balanceado (0.750 kg/cabeza/d) conteniendo 13.9% de PC y 2.6 Mcal g kg MS-1. El análisis de las variables, horas a inicio del estro, horas al estro y prolificidad, se realizó bajo un diseño completamente al azar, y la comparación de medias se realizó por medio de la prueba de Tukey. El porcentaje de estro y las tasas de gestación y partos se analizaron mediante ji-cuadrada. El porcentaje de estro fue de 100 % para ambos tratamientos, sin encontrar diferencia entre tratamientos. Los intervalos horas a la presentación de signos de estro y horas a estro fueron menores (P< 0.0001) en las ovejas que recibieron 333 UI de PMSG, con valores de 16.261 ± 7.27 h y 24.261 ± 7.27 h, respectivamente. La tasa de gestación y partos no fue afectada por los tratamientos. La prolificidad fue mayor (P< 0.01) en las ovejas que recibieron 333 UI de PMSG, en comparación a las ovejas que recibieron 0 UI de PMSG (1.667 vs. 1.000, respectivamente) En base a los resultados obtenidos se concluye que la inyección de 333 UI de PMSG, 24 h antes del retiro de la esponja intravaginal, en ovejas prímalas Pelibuey blanco, reduce el intervalo horas a estro y mejora la prolificidad.
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30

Kindstrand, Claes. "On trade-offs between timber and biodiversity /." Alnarp : Southern Swedish Forest Research Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2008. http://epsilon.slu.se/10692539.pdf.

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31

Brownlow, Mark J. C. "The characteristics and viability of land-use systems which integrate pig and poultry production with forestry in the UK." Thesis, University of Reading, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.384901.

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32

Ngoma, Justine. "Effect on Climate Change on Maize Production in Zambia." Thesis, Linköping University, Linköping University, Department of Water and Environmental Studies, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-16058.

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Maize is one of the crops that is grown by most farmers in Zambia being the staple food for the majority of Zambians. However, despite the crop being so important, its production is dependent on climatic conditions. This means that any change in climate can affect the production either negatively or positively. This research therefore, focused on determining how the change in temperature and rainfall affect maize production on the Copper belt, Eastern, Lusaka and Southern provinces of Zambia and investigate the main adaptation measures implemented by both the government and non-governmental sectors. Also, assess through the review of National Agricultural Policy and action plans, how the government has documented issues of climate change. In order to obtain the needed data, interviews were conducted with different officials from both the government and non-governmental sectors. However, from the estimate of the impact of temperature and rainfall on maize production, the results did not show with any significance that either temperature or rainfall has effect on maize production. In fact, it was found that quantifying the effects of climate change on maize production is not easy due to difficulties in quantifying other factors that may also have large impact on maize production. It was therefore, not possible to conclude whether or to what extent climate change has effects on maize production. However from the interviews conducted, it was found that both the government and non-governmental sectors have introduced different activities in their programmes to ensure that farmers are food secure, though the ministry of agriculture has no policy document on how to handle the problem of climate change to address different issues of the sector. In fact, most offices in the ministry do not have much documented information on climate change which could also be seen from the review of National Agricultural Policy and action plans where climate change issue has not been emphasized. Though both the Government and non-governmental sectors have implemented some adaptation measures, it cannot easily be concluded whether the implemented measures are adequate or not due to the fact that we are not sure of the expected effects in different parts of the country. Nevertheless, to enhance food security with or without adverse effects of climate change on maize production, it was recommended that members of staff at all levels under MACO should be trained in the area of climate change for them to have a wider understanding of the issue and work responsively and that much research should be done to open up the mind of the people and help policy makers make effective plans.

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Gil-Moreno, David. "Potential of noble fir, Norway spruce, western red cedar and western hemlock grown for timber production in Great Britain." Thesis, Edinburgh Napier University, 2018. http://researchrepository.napier.ac.uk/Output/1506120.

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The limited range of commercial timber species in Great Britain has led the forestry sector to consider wider planting of other species. This research addresses wood properties, particularly relevant to structural timber, of noble fir, Norway spruce, western red cedar and western hemlock in Great Britain. Sampling covered three regions to get a representative sample for the country. Bending stiffness, bending strength, density and twist distortion from drying were assessed. The results showed high yields of C16 for all these species, with Norway spruce and western hemlock performing comparatively well to typical British-grown Sitka spruce. Within this dataset, variation of mechanical properties within trees was more important than differences between species. Strength and stiffness increased with age, whereas density followed different trends in the inner and outerwood. The three properties were modelled based on ring number. The use of acoustic techniques to assess the mechanical properties of wood (in particular stiffness), was investigated in clears, sawn timber, logs and trees. The best results were found combining density with acoustic velocity in sawn timber. The use of acoustic techniques in standing trees was more reliable measuring distances of two or three metres, rather than the commonly used one metre; most likely due to a change in the wave propagation. Tree architecture was studied for timber production and quality. Noble fir described the highest merchantable taper profile. Branchiness varied importantly with height in the stem, and models were built for number, diameter and angle of branches. Western red cedar and western hemlock had fewer but thicker branches compared to noble fir and Norway spruce. Future work should produce grading machine settings and address the variation of timber quality and merchantability under different silvicultural regimes. This thesis concludes that the four species investigated can contribute to diversity the timber industry in Great Britain.
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Wallentin, Cristofer. "Thinning of Norway spruce /." Alnarp : Southern Swedish Forest Research Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2007. http://epsilon.slu.se/200729.pdf.

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35

Sampson, Kaylene Ann. "Industry adjustment and community change: impacts of the cessation of indigenous production forestry in rural resource communities of South Westland, New Zealand." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Sociology, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/2986.

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This thesis explores the range of social impacts affecting Whataroa and Harihari, two of Westland's resource communities, following the cessation of logging in the adjacent indigenous forests in April 2002. Considerable changes eventuated from the decision to cease production forestry and the analysis of these changes has been contextualised within wider industry adjustment and change. The aims of this study were threefold; (i) to determine how the end to logging and the loss of a pivotal local industry affected the communities of Whataroa and Harihari; and, (ii) to explore wider industry change; and (iii) to address the question of how concomitant broader socio-economic changes of the last few decades have merged into existing social and physical structures. The study used extensive community consultation and secondary data analysis, in its appraisal of impacts. Exploration of the issues revealed considerable adjustments occurred to the overall patterns of social organization and work, as local people have become increasingly reliant on ad-hoc and seasonal working arrangements. In Whataroa, recent growth in tourism and expansion in the dairy sector has increased job opportunities; a diversification that has buffered local economy. The industry base in Harihari, in contrast, has narrowed to become predominantly dairy farming. Yet both communities have managed to continue, in spite of the loss of what had previously constituted a core cultural community marker. Its loss led local people to draw on aspects of local identity to assist in the negotiation of change. Shared discourses and collective rhetoric, embedded in the environment, have been used to maintain the specific local identity that has assisted the people of Whataroa and Harihari to reinforce and safeguard their communities in the face of social change. It is only by acknowledging the contribution of specific local identity, manifest in perceptions and engagement with physical and social environments, that the social and cultural impacts on community can be fully assessed.
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Bigger, Michele M. "Greening the Highways: Out-plant survival and growth of deciduous trees in stressful environments." The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1437668061.

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37

Kuokkanen, M. (Matti). "Development of an eco- and material-efficient pellet production chain—a chemical study." Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2013. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789526201047.

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Abstract According to the EU’s strategy and the corresponding Finnish national strategy on waste materials, all kinds of waste must be utilised primarily as material (reuse, recycling) and secondarily as energy, and at the lowest level of waste hierarchy is their disposal using environmentally friendly methods. Today material efficiency is an essential topic in promoting sustainable use of natural resources, industrial by-products and waste material. The present goal proposed by the EU sets the target for the total proportion of renewable energy as high as 38% by 2020 in Finland. Up to 20 million tonnes of waste wood biomass per year are left unused in Finland, mainly in the forests during forestry operations, because supply and demand do not meet. As a consequence of high heat energy prices, the looming threat of climate change, the greenhouse effect and global as well as national demands to considerably increase the proportion of renewable energy, Finland currently has a tremendous interest in increasing decentralised pellet production alongside of large-scale factories. The aim of this thesis is to promote the development of eco-, material- and cost-efficient Nordic wood-based pellet production and utilisation of pellet bio-ash by means of chemical research. Using Finnish wood (sawdust and shavings) as a model raw material, the total functionality of a pilot-scale pellet facility combined with an extensive chemical toolbox was tested in this study to promote development of an eco-, material- and cost-efficient wood-based pellet production chain. The chemical toolbox includes measurements of moisture content, density, heat value, mechanical durability and particle size distribution, TG analysis and elementary analysis, as well as new applications for pellet biodegradation using BOD OxiTop equipment and optical microscopic staining methods. To improve the quality of pellets, considering the profitability of production and occupational safety factors (wood dust exposure, fire and explosion risk), it is profitable to use different binding agents, especially industrial by-products and locally utilisable residuals. Thus, lignosulphonate, residual potato flour and potato peel residue were used and tested as model adhesive binding agents. The results showed that binding agents increased the quality of pellets and changed their inorganic characteristics, but did not have a significant effect on their calorimetric heat values. Lignosulphonate even increased the rate of production. To characterise different starch-containing binding agents, a new specific optical microscopic staining method was developed and tested, and the initial results are presented in this thesis. Wood pellet ash has potential as a liming agent, in soil remediation, as a soil fertilizer, and in granulated form, in new applications such as road construction and waste water purification. Valuable information about raw materials, binding agents and the pelletizing process is necessary when developing good-quality pellets—a prime biofuel—from non-utilised low-value and/or moist biomass that has undergone a cost-efficient drying process. This way pellet production will have more essential importance in energy policy, especially in the European forest belt
Tiivistelmä Vallitsevan EU:n sekä Suomen kansallisen lainsäädännön mukaan kaikenlainen jäte täytyy hyödyntää ensisijaisesti materiaalina (uudelleenkäyttö, kierrätys), toissijaisesti energiana ja jätehierarkiassa alimpana tasona on sen hävittäminen ympäristöystävällisin keinoin. Materiaalitehokkuus on nykyään välttämätön aihe edistettäessä luonnonvarojen, teollisuuden sivutuotteiden ja jätemateriaalien kestävää käyttöä. EU-strategian mukainen tavoite uusiutuvan energian osuudelle kaikesta energiantuotannosta Suomessa on 38 % vuoteen 2020 mennessä. Jopa 20 miljoonaa tonnia jätepuubiomassaa vuodessa jää käyttämättä Suomessa lähinnä metsänharvennustöiden yhteydessä, koska kysyntä ja tarjonta eivät kohtaa. Seurauksena korkeista lämpöenergiahinnoista, uhkaavasta ilmastonmuutoksesta, kasvihuoneilmiöstä sekä globaalisista ja kansallisista vaatimuksista lisätä uusiutuvan energian osuutta, Suomessa on viime aikoina noussut voimakas kiinnostus lisätä hajautettua pellettituotantoa suurten pellettilaitosten rinnalle. Väitöskirjan tarkoituksena on edistää ja kehittää pohjoismaista eko- ja kustannustehokasta puupellettituotantoa ja pellettibiotuhkan hyötykäyttöä kemiallisen tutkimuksen avulla. Käyttäen suomalaista puuta (sahanpurua ja kutterinlastua) malliraaka-aineina, tässä tutkimuksessa testattiin pilot-mittakaavan pellettilaitoksen toimivuutta yhdistettynä laajaan kemialliseen ”työpakettiin”, edistämään tulevaisuuden eko-, materiaali- ja kustannustehokkaan pellettituotantoketjun kehittämistä. Kemiallinen työpaketti sisältää kosteuden, tiheyden, lämpöarvon, mekaanisen kestävyyden ja partikkelikokojakauman määritykset, TG- ja alkuaineanalyysin, kuten myös uudet sovellukset pellettien ja niiden sideaineiden biohajoavuuden määrittämiseksi BOD OxiTop -laitteistoilla sekä optisen mikroskooppivärjäysmenetelmän. Pellettien laadun kohottamiseksi, ottaen huomioon myös tuotannon kannattavuuden ja työterveydelliset ongelmat (puupölylle altistuminen, tulipalo- ja räjähdysvaara), on perusteltua käyttää sideaineita, erityisesti teollisuuden sivutuotteita ja paikallisesti hyödynnettävissä olevia jätemateriaaleja. Täten lignosulfonaattia, jäteperunajauhoa ja perunankuorijätettä käytettiin ja testattiin liimaavina mallisideaineina. Tulokset osoittivat, että sideaineet nostivat pellettien laatua ja muuttivat niiden epäorgaanisia ominaisuuksia, mutta niillä ei ollut merkittävää vaikutusta määritettyihin lämpöarvoihin. Lignosulfonaatti lisäsi selvästi pelletoinnin tuotantonopeutta. Työssä kehitettiin pelleteille uusi spesifinen optinen mikroskooppivärjäysmenetelmä erilaisten tärkkelystä sisältävien sideaineiden karakterisointiin ja ensimmäiset tulokset on esitetty tässä väitöskirjassa. Puupellettituhka on potentiaalinen kalkitus- ja maanparannusaineena, lannoitteena sekä rakeistettuna uusissa sovelluksissa, kuten tierakentamisessa ja jäteveden puhdistuksessa. Arvokas informaatio raaka-aineista, sideaineista sekä pelletöintiprosessista on välttämätöntä kehitettäessä tulevaisuudessa hyvälaatuisia pellettejä, ”priimaa” biopolttoainetta, hyödyntämättömästä huonolaatuisesta ja/tai kosteasta biomassasta, joka on ennen pelletointia käynyt läpi kustannustehokkaan kuivausprosessin. Täten voidaan olennaisesti lisätä pellettituotannon merkitystä energiapolitiikassa, erityisesti Euroopan metsävyöhykkeellä
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38

Садовський, О. С. "Удосконалення рубок догляду у малоцінних деревостанів на базі ДП "Семенівське лісове господарство"." Thesis, Чернігів, 2021. http://ir.stu.cn.ua/123456789/25115.

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Садовський, О. С. Удосконалення рубок догляду у малоцінних деревостанів на базі ДП "Семенівське лісове господарство" : випускна кваліфікаційна робота : 205 «Лісoве гoспoдарствo» / О. С. Садовський ; керівник роботи Л. В. Дем'яненко ; НУ "Чернігівська політехніка", кафедра аграрних технологій та лісового господарства. – Чернігів, 2021. – 74 с.
Метою наших досліджень було узагальнення досвіду та виявлення позитивних і негативних сторін проведення реконструктивних рубок. Об’єкт дослідження – малоцінні деревостани ДП «Семенівське ЛГ», динаміка їх росту, лісівничих доглядів та наукового супроводу. Предмет дослідження – лісівничо-таксаційні показники та санітарний стан деревостанів після проведення рубок реконструкції. Методи дослідження – загальноприйняті у лісівництві, лісознавстві, методики, аналітичний, оцінювання санітарного стану лісів, математико- статистичні методи. Наукова новизна одержаних результатів. Визначено особливості структури лісового фонду ДП "Семенівське ЛГ". Виявлено особливості фонду реконструкції малоцінних насаджень та оцінено перспективи його впровадження у практику лісогосподарського виробництва. Практичне значення одержаних результатів. На основі аналізу динаміки проведення лісогосподарських заходів із реконструкції малоцінних насаджень в Україні та інших країнах світу доведено недоцільність їх запровадження на великих площах через значні трудовитрати та необхідність їх наукового супроводу протягом як мінімум 10-ти років.
The aim of our research was to summarize the experience and identify the pros and cons of reconstructive logging. The object of research is low-value stands of SE "Semenivske LH", the dynamics of their growth, forestry care and scientific support. The subject of the research is forestry and tax indicators and sanitary condition of stands after felling of reconstruction. Research methods - generally accepted in forestry, forestry, methods, analytical, assessment of the sanitary condition of forests, mathematical and statistical methods. Scientific novelty of the obtained results. Features are defined structure of the forest fund of SE "Semenivske LH". The peculiarities of the fund of reconstruction of low-value plantations are revealed and the prospects of its introduction into the practice of forestry production are estimated. The practical significance of the results obtained. Based on analysis dynamics of forestry measures for the reconstruction of low-value plantations in Ukraine and other countries proved the inexpediency of their introduction in large areas due to significant labor costs and the need for their scientific support for at least 10 years.
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39

Hamilton, Anna. "Effektivare samråd mellan rennäring och skogsbruk : förbättrad dialog via ett utvecklat samrådsförfarande = More effective consultations between reindeer herding and forestry : improved dialog by a developed consultation process /." Jönköping : Skogsstyr, 2003. http://www.svo.se/forlag/rapporter/1720.pdf.

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40

Averill, Catherine. "My Magnum Opus." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1311897399.

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41

Chiriboga, Christian Alejandro. "TREE HEALTH, CARBON SEQUESTRATION, AND SUSTAINABILITY OF URBAN FORESTS." The Ohio State University, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1366342199.

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42

Klang, Linda. "Opportunities and obstacles in the certification process : A case study on the development of the organic production and agriculture in Babati, Tanzania." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för livsvetenskaper, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-6419.

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Organic products have become more and more talked- about in today’s industrial world. The demand for organic products is increasing and the market is continuing to grow bigger. It is important to maintain what these products stand for, being environmental friendly, and to do so strict certification policies are needed. EU has today an international certification body called Regulation (EC) 834/2007 that needs to be followed for export to and within EU. Parts of Tanzania today have certification of some organic products but not in Babati, that lies in the northern of Tanzania in Manyara region where this case study was done. In Babati most of the farmers are smallholder farmers and many of them, founds it difficult to afford an international certification. For the smallholder farmers to get a certification there are two alternatives. One is to go together with other smallholder farmers and apply for a certification like EUs Regulation (EC) 834/2007 as a group and then get to pay lower fees. The other alternative is to go together and start local certification bodies that have fees that are adjusted to local farmers’ income. This case study was conducted between February and March of 2010 in villages around Babati and Babati town. Interviews were held with both organic- and non organic farmers. My goal was to find out if it was possible for Babati to develop the organic agriculture and have an organic market in the future. My conclusion ends up by perceiving that Babati has a very good chance of fulfilling the Regulation (EC) 834/2007 standards. However the farmers’ economical status is an obstacle for the farmers to get an international certification, because of the high cost in inspections and reinspections.  But through a local certification body that is adjusted to the smallholder farmers and the environment the farmers can get their certificate and the organic market can be developed in Babati.
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Almond, Peter C. "Soils and geomorphology of a lowland rimu forest managed for sustainable timber production." Lincoln University, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/1782.

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Saltwater Forest is a Dacrydium cupressinum-dominated lowland forest covering 9000 ha in south Westland, South Island, New Zealand. Four thousand hectares is managed for sustainable production of indigenous timber. The aim of this study was to provide an integrated analysis of soils, soil-landform relationships, and soil-vegetation relationships at broad and detailed scales. The broad scale understandings provide a framework in which existing or future studies can be placed and the detailed studies elucidate sources of soil and forest variability. Glacial landforms dominate. They include late Pleistocene lateral, terminal and ablation moraines, and outwash aggradation and degradation terraces. Deposits and landforms from six glacial advances have been recognised ranging from latest Last (Otira) Glaciation to Penultimate (Waimea) Glaciation. The absolute ages of landforms were established by analysis of the thickness and soil stratigraphy of loess coverbeds, augmented with radiocarbon dating and phytolith and pollen analysis. In the prevailing high rainfall of Westland soil formation is rapid. The rate of loess accretion in Saltwater Forest (ca. 30 mm ka⁻¹) has been low enough that soil formation and loess accretion took place contemporaneously. Soils formed in this manner are known as upbuilding soils. The significant difference between upbuilding pedogenesis and pedogenesis in a topdown sense into an existing sediment body is that each subsoil increment of an upbuilding soil has experienced processes of all horizons above. In Saltwater Forest subsoils of upbuilding soils are strongly altered because they have experienced the extremely acid environment of the soil surface at some earlier time. Some soil chronosequence studies in Westland have included upbuilding soils formed in loess as the older members of the sequence. Rates and types of processes inferred from these soils should be reviewed because upbuilding is a different pedogenic pathway to topdown pedogenesis. Landform age and morphology were used as a primary stratification for a study of the soil pattern and nature of soil variability in the 4000 ha production area of Saltwater Forest. The age of landforms (> 14 ka) and rapid soil formation mean that soils are uniformly strongly weathered and leached. Soils include Humic Organic Soils, Perch-gley Podzols, Acid Gley Soils, Allophanic Brown Soils, and Orthic or Pan Podzols. The major influence on the nature of soils is site hydrology which is determined by macroscale features of landforms (slope, relief, drainage density), mesoscale effects related to position on landforms, and microscale influences determined by microtopography and individual tree effects. Much of the soil variability arises at microscales so that it is not possible to map areas of uniform soils at practical map scales. The distribution of soil variability across spatial scales, in relation to the intensity of forest management, dictates that it is most appropriate to map soil complexes with boundaries coinciding with landforms. Disturbance of canopy trees is an important agent in forest dynamics. The frequency of forest disturbance in the production area of Saltwater Forest varies in a systematic way among landforms in accord with changes in abundance of different soils. The frequency of forest turnover is highest on landforms with the greatest abundance of extremely poorly-drained Organic Soils. As the abundance of better-drained soils increases the frequency of forest turnover declines. Changes in turnover frequency are reflected in the mean size and density of canopy trees (Dacrydium cupressinum) among landforms. Terrace and ablation moraine landforms with the greatest abundance of extremely poorly-drained soils have on average the smallest trees growing most densely. The steep lateral moraines, characterised by well drained soils, have fewer, larger trees. The changes manifested at the landform scale are an integration of processes operating over much shorter range as a result of short-range soil variability. The systematic changes in forest structure and turnover frequency among landforms and soils have important implications for sustainable forest management.
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Robert, Nicolas. "Vers une production durable de multiples services écosystémiques : Analyse par la simulation de la production jointe de bois et de non-bois en forêt." Phd thesis, AgroParisTech, 2013. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-01058410.

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Les écosystèmes produisent de nombreux biens et services contribuant au bien-être des sociétés. Cependant, l'utilisation intensive des ressources naturelles a compromis le fonctionnement de certains de ces écosystèmes ainsi que les services qu'ils rendent. La dégradation de certains services tels que le climat et la biodiversité a entraîné une prise de conscience de leur rôle dans fonctionnement des sociétés ainsi qu'une croissance de la valeur qui leur est accordée.Pour contrecarrer la dégradation des services rendus par les écosystèmes, des mécanismes de rémunération de leur production ont été mis en place tels que le marché européen du carbone ou les obligations de compensation lorsque des ouvrages ou infrastructures dégradent la biodiversité. Toutefois, lorsque les mécanismes mis en oeuvre ne concernent qu'un seul service, ils peuvent avoir des effets, positifs ou négatifs, sur la fourniture d'autres services produits conjointement. Afin d'éviter les effets indésirables, tels que la destruction d'un service pour en produire un autre, ou des inefficacités comme le double-paiement d'une même activité, il est nécessaire de mieux connaître les relations entre les productions des écosystèmes. Par cette thèse, nous contribuons à l'identification de ces relations entre produits et services en développant une approche par la simulation de la production jointe de bois et de non-bois en forêt.
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45

Sousa, Juliano Pereira de. "Produção e viabilidade nas primeiras intervenções de dois métodos de condução de desbrota em talhadia de eucalipto." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2016. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/6438.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
The insertion of new forestry methods of operation can change plant growth beneficially, bringing larger increments to a forest. This work was conducted to study biomass, carbon and nutrient allocation in the first interventions sprouting eucalyptus. The study was developed in the Forest II farm belonging to Co-op COMIGO in the town of Rio Verde - GO. The experimental design used was a randomized block with two treatments and four replications. The treatments were early sprouting and conventional sprouting. Seventeen months after clearcutting forest, one tree per plot were harvested for quantification of biomass, carbon and nutrient allocation. With regard to biomass, carbon and nutrients for the tree, the study showed no statistical difference between the early and conventional treatments of sprouting. However, when the values of biomass, carbon and nutrients was analyzed per hectare occurred no significant statistical difference between treatments, it was caused by low survival in the conventional sprouting treatment, showing greater increase for carbon biomass and nutrients for early sprouting treatment.
A inserção de novos métodos de operação florestal pode alterar o crescimento das plantas beneficamente, trazendo maiores incrementos para uma floresta. Assim, este trabalho foi realizado com objetivo de estudar biomassa, carbono e alocação de nutrientes nas primeiras intervenções de desbrotas em eucalipto. O estudo foi desenvolvido na fazenda Florestal II pertencente a Cooperativa COMIGO situada na cidade de Rio Verde - GO. O delineamento usado foi em blocos ao acaso, com dois tratamentos e quatro repetições. Os tratamentos aplicados foram: desbrota precoce e desbrota convencional. Dezessete meses após o corte raso da floresta, uma árvore por parcela foi colhida para quantificação de biomassa, carbono e alocação de nutrientes. No que tange a biomassa, carbono e nutrientes por árvore, o estudo não apresentou diferença estatísticas entre os tratamentos desbrota precoce e convencional, mas quando foi analisado o valor de biomassa, carbono e nutrientes por hectare houve diferença estatística significativa entre tratamentos, causada pela baixa sobrevivência no tratamento desbrota convencional, mostrando maior incremento para biomassa, carbono e nutrientes para o tratamento desbrota precoce.
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46

C?rtes, Ra?ssa Tamassia. "Florestal e Agricultura Familiar: o caso da Regi?o Serrana Fluminense." Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, 2017. https://tede.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/jspui/2445.

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This study seeks to present the dynamic of forestry production in family farming properties, to comprehend their practice of usual management, to apprehend the producers? interests in forestry activities, and the capacity that these activities have to provide wood for the local market. The Serrana Region of Rio de Janeiro State was chosen as study area because in it land structure predominates small rural properties, of family farming. This Region has the second major reforestation area of the State. As the topic of family forestry production has been little discussed in academic level, this essay is an exploratory research, with a collective case study. The presence or absence of forestry activities in the small properties of the region, as well as the supply and the demand of wood products in local level was obtained through secondary data. The analysis of the family producers? silvicultural system, in terms of management and production costs, availed information collected through interviews with technicians and local farmers. The study showed that the forestry production in familiar farming in the Serrana Region has potential to supply the wood local market. The forestry activities has great value to diversify the rural landscape and combating illegal logging of tropical forests. There is still a lot of resistance to these activities by farmers, given the history of eucalyptus monoculture expansion. Other species with silvicultural potential, and suitable to the small and medium farmers management, should be studied to meet the market demands. The forest element must bring a ransom and a respect to the traditional management and the way the activities are performed into each farm, in the life of each family, in the way of more sustainable activities.
O presente estudo procura apresentar a din?mica da produ??o florestal em propriedades de agricultura familiar, no sentido de compreender a pr?tica do manejo usual nessas propriedades, perceber os interesses dos produtores nas atividades florestais, e a capacidade dessas atividades para abastecer o mercado local de madeira. A Regi?o Serrana do Estado do Rio de Janeiro foi escolhida como ?rea de estudo pois sua estrutura fundi?ria se caracteriza pela predomin?ncia de pequenas propriedades rurais, de produ??o principalmente familiar. Esta regi?o se destaca por ter a segunda maior ?rea de plantios de reflorestamento do Estado, e tem como foco principal o abastecimento do mercado local. Visto que o tema da produ??o florestal familiar tem sido pouco discutido no ?mbito acad?mico, este trabalho se caracteriza como uma pesquisa explorat?ria, a partir de um estudo de caso coletivo. A presen?a ou aus?ncia da atividade florestal nas pequenas propriedades da regi?o, bem como as rela??es de oferta e demanda de produtos madeireiros a n?vel local foram obtidas de dados secund?rios. J? a an?lise do sistema silvicultural utilizado pelos produtores, em termos de manejo e custos de produ??o, foi realizada a partir das informa??es obtidas dos depoimentos de t?cnicos e produtores locais. Neste trabalho, notou-se que a produ??o florestal que ocorre em propriedades de agricultura familiar na Regi?o Serrana apresenta potencial para abastecer o mercado local de madeira. As atividades florestais t?m grande import?ncia para a diversifica??o da paisagem rural e no combate ? extra??o ilegal de madeira nativa de florestas tropicais. Ainda h? muita resist?ncia a essas atividades por parte dos agricultores, visto o hist?rico da expans?o dos monocultivos de eucalipto. Outras esp?cies com potencial silvicultural, e adequadas ao sistema de manejo existente nas pequenas e m?dias propriedades, devem ser estudadas para atender as demandas do mercado. A inser??o do elemento florestal deve trazer um resgate e um respeito ao manejo tradicional e ? forma como as atividades s?o realizadas dentro de cada propriedade, na viv?ncia de cada fam?lia, no caminho em dire??o a atividades mais sustent?veis.
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47

Schirmer, Guilherme Karsten. "Utilização do lodo de esgoto na vermicompostagem e como substrato para a produção de mudas de Pinus elliottii Engelm." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2010. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/5503.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
The urban population growth causes an increase in solid and liquid waste quantity produced by man. A viable alternative to use of these wastes would be its application in agricultural sector. The sewage sludge can fall as one of these residues. In Santa Maria/RS, a wastewater treatment plants collection a predominantly domestic sewage. Although this residue can be used in agriculture, may contain pathogens such as coliforms and helminth, attract vectors and have an unpleasant odor. In the present work had as objectives: 1) study the feasibility of using the vermicomposting process as treatment of sewage sludge, 2)evaluate the use of sewage sludge, pure or in mixtures, as a substrate to Pinus elliottii mycorrhizal seedling production. In first study examined the effect of sewage sludge in reproduction of earthworms Eisenia andrei, and evaluate the effect of earthworms on population of nematodes and faecal coliforms present in residue, over a period of 21 weeks. The second study was tested in greenhouse, the use of sewage sludge as substrate for growing pine seedlings inoculated with isolate UFSC ectomycorrhizal Sc 124, where the end of 80 days evaluated the dry matter of shoot and root, height, collar diameter, Dickson index quality and percentage colonization. The use of sewage sludge was acceptable as a substrate for multiplication of earthworms Eisenia andrei. The presence of earthworms in sewage sludge reduced the population of free-living nematodes present in residue. The amount of fecal coliform in sewage sludge reduced, remaining within the parameters established by law, however there was no effect of earthworms in the process. The use of sewage sludge mixed with peat fertile satisfactory growth of P. elliotii seedlings, inoculated with the ectomycorrhizal fungus UFSC Sc 124, the conditions under which experiment was conducted. Sewage sludge improved the physical conditions of the substrate F, increasing the quality of seedlings of P. elliotii. The use of sewage sludge as substrate for multiplication of earthworms and production of P. elliotti mycorrhizal seedlings is feasible.
O crescimento populacional urbano causa um aumento consideravelmente a quantidade de resíduos sólidos e líquidos produzidos pelo homem. Uma alternativa viável para o aproveitamento destes resíduos seria sua aplicação no meio agrícola. O lodo de esgoto doméstico pode se enquadrar como um destes resíduos. No município de Santa Maria/RS, uma estação de tratamento de esgoto coleta e trata um esgoto predominantemente doméstico. Embora este resíduo possa ser utilizado na agricultura, pode conter organismos patogênicos como coliformes e helmintos, atrair vetores e possuir odor desagradável. No presente trabalho teve-se por objetivos: 1) estudar a viabilidade da utilização do processo de vermicompostagem como pós-tratamento do lodo de esgoto; 2) avaliar o uso do lodo de esgoto, puro ou em misturas, como substrato para produção de mudas de Pinus elliottii micorrízadas. No primeiro estudo analisou-se o efeito do lodo de esgoto na reprodução das minhocas da espécie Eisenia andrei, além de avaliar a ação das minhocas sobre a população de nematóides e coliformes fecais presentes no resíduo, num período de 21 semanas. O segundo estudo testou-se, em casa de vegetação, o uso do lodo de esgoto como substrato de crescimento para mudas de pinus inoculadas com o isolado ectomicorrízico UFSC Sc 124, onde ao final de 80 dias avaliaram-se as fitomassas seca da parte aérea e raiz, altura, diâmetro de colo, índice de qualidade de Dickson e percentual de colonização micorrízica. A utilização do lodo de esgoto foi viável como substrato para multiplicação de minhocas da espécie Eisenia andrei. A presença de minhocas no lodo de esgoto reduziu a população de nematóides de vida livre presentes no resíduo. A quantidade de coliformes fecais no lodo de esgoto reduziu, permanecendo dentro dos parâmetros estabelecidos por lei, entretanto não foi verificada influência das minhocas no processo. A utilização do lodo de esgoto em mistura com turfa fértil proporcionou crescimento satisfatório das mudas de P. elliotti, inoculadas com o isolado de fungo ectomicorrízico UFSC Sc 124, nas condições em que o experimento foi conduzido. O lodo de esgoto melhorou as condições físicas do substrato F, aumentando a qualidade das mudas de P. elliotti. O uso do lodo de esgoto como substrato para multiplicação de minhocas e produção de mudas de P. elliotti micorrizadas é viável.
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48

Bremmer, Anders, and Anders Sjöblom. "Minor Field Study for the International Finance Corporation (IFC) and the Worldbank Group: Investment conditions for a bio-fuel pellet production in Bolivia contributing to an improved and sustainable indigenous forestry." Thesis, KTH, Industriell produktion, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-49740.

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This report presents the findings from a Minor Field Study aimed to describe the preconditions for an investment in large-scale Bolivian production of wood pellets for export contributing to an imrpoved and sustainable indigenous forestry. The study was carried out on behalf of the International Finance Corporation, IFC, a member of the World Bank Group that promotes sustainable private sector investment in developing countires as a way to reduce poverty and improve poeple´s lives. Wood pellets are dried biomass processed into an easily combustible pellet form that offers a renewable and carbon neutral fuel source with higher energy density and more efficient transport properties than most traditional biomass energy sources. The global demand for pellets is strong and predicted to grow by over 25% per year until 2020. Bolivia is a country rich in natural resources with over 53,6 million ha of forest. But despite both the natural resources and a global demand for forest products Bolivian forest exports are very low. At the same time the large indigenous population, who possesses large unexploited land and forest is very poor and lack work. A large-scale  investment in a pellet production seems to have the potential of increasing Bolivian forestry export and thus improve the living conditions for indigenous. By the means of a field study in the Bolivian forestry sector and researching literature and scientific reports this project has tried to create a business case analyzing the preconditions in Bolivia in a way that is relevant for a potential commercial investor. The work has resultes in a business case analyzing three major segments; the global wood pellet market, Bolivia on a national level and finally the Bolivian forestry sector on an more detailed level including a cost estimation for a potential pellet plant. The study finds that while Bolivia offers investors great opportunities with large forest reservs and vacant land for plantations in combination with a beneficial legislation. However, important weaknesses are the complicated business climate, small and fragmented wood supply and costly and complicated transportation. The study identifies three urgent and prioritized issues in the Bolivian forestry sector and suggest next steps to take in order to face the challenges. Furhter the study concludes that in order to be able to serve as a major supplier of wood the indigenous actors will have to be organized on an aggregated and commercial level. The organization would need long-term involvement of a commercial actor to train, equip and bring together the indigenous sppliers. If done successfully the indigenous groups could benefit from being a supplier with access to an international, fast growing market without having to masterinternational business. This can in turn lead to increased sustainable wealth with new job opportunities and improved social conditions. The study also suggests that indigenous groups could profit from new forest plantation on their fallow land while it also would bring improved environmental conditions, increased wood supply with facilitated extraction and higher productivity.
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49

Mazzei, De Freitas Lucas. "Durabilité écologique et économique de l'exploitation forestière pour la production de bois d'œuvre et pour le stockage du carbone en Amazonie." Phd thesis, AgroParisTech, 2010. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00611175.

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L'évaluation de la durabilité écologique et économique d'une exploitation forestière dans le contexte amazonien est l'objectif de ce travail. Deux sites ont été utilisés : 1)le site de Paracou en Guyane française sur lequel la dynamique forestière est suivie depuis 1984; 2) une forêt privée située au Pará, Brésil, offrant des données sur l'impact de l'exploitation et ses coûts et recettes. Premièrement, ce travail a consisté à améliorer le simulateur de la dynamique forestière Selva. 11 modèles spécifiques aux processus de mortalité et de recrutement ont été élaborés. Les processus de mortalité sur pied et par chablis utilisent respectivement des variables biologiques de l'arbre et des variables descriptives du peuplement. Des variables décrivant la structure et la composition floristique du peuplement ont permis de modéliser le recrutement de 30 espèces, surtout des pionnières/héliophiles. L'incorporation de ces modèles a permis d'intégrer 92 stratégies de vie dans le simulateur. La forêt virtuelle générée montre une structure et une diversité spécifique proches d'une forêt primaire. Dans le cadre de la législation brésilienne préconisant des cycles de 25-35ans, la simulation montre qu'il est possible d'exploiter 4 tiges/ha/cycle en maintenant une surface terrière 20% inférieure à l'originale. Si l'exploitation forestière engendre des bénéfices variant entre 147 et 239 US$/ha/an, la déforestation produit des bénéfices légèrement supérieurs (295 US$/ha/an). Un schéma de compensation financière de changement d'un système émetteur de carbone (déforestation) pour un autre (exploitation forestière) représenterait un coût d'abattement de la tonne du carbone supérieur à US$ 10
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50

Martins, William Rodrigues. "Produção de híbridos de Eucalyptus grandis x E. urophylla em plantios adensados no sudoeste goiano." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2016. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/7606.

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Goiás - FAPEG
The objective of this work was to verify the volumetric production per area, the growth in height and diameter at breast height (DBH) in hybrid of Eucalyptus urophylla x E. grandis W. Hill., in reduced different planting spacings in southwest Goiás. The work was implemented in the Experimental Farm of the Federal University of Goiás, Regional Jataí (UFG / REJ), town of Jataí-GO, following the assumptions of completely randomized design, with three hybrids, two treatments for hybrid treatments and three replications, totaling 18 plots with 50 seedlings per plot. The hybrids were AEC1528, I144 and GG100 and the evaluated spacings were 3.0 m x 0.5 m and 3.0 m x 1.0 m. At 33 months of age tree were collected for the volume analysis, growth in height and diameter. The spacing of 3.0 m x 0.5 m in energy forests, affect the individual growth for both diameter and height, as to volume. The differentiation of hybrids was in height and production, where I144 hybrid gained greater prominence. The greatest expression in volume production, for wood with bark, not bark and bark volume was observed for 3.0 m x 0.5 m spacing.
Objetivou-se com este trabalho verificar a produção volumétrica por unidade de área, o crescimento em altura e diâmetro a altura do peito (DAP) em povoamentos de híbridos de Eucalyptus urophylla x E. grandis W. Hill., em diferentes espaçamentos reduzidos de plantio no sudoeste goiano. O trabalho foi implantado na Fazenda Experimental da Universidade Federal de Goiás, Regional Jataí (UFG/REJ), Município de Jataí-GO, seguindo os pressupostos do delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com seis tratamentos, e três repetições, totalizando 18 parcelas, com plantio de 50 mudas por parcela. Os híbridos avaliados foram o AEC1528, I144 e GG100 e os espaçamentos avaliados foram 3,0 m x 0,5 m e 3,0 m x 1,0 m. Assim observou-se aos 33 meses de idade que os crescimentos em diâmetro e altura são diretamente afetados pelo adensamento das plantas, e consequentemente com a redução da área útil disponível para cada planta. Os espaçamentos de 3,0 m x 0,5 em florestas energéticas afetam o incremento individual, tanto para diâmetro e altura, quanto para volume. A diferenciação dos híbridos ocorreu para o incremento em altura e produção, onde o híbrido I144 destacou-se. A maior expressão na produção volumétrica, para a madeira com casca, sem casca e o volume de casca foi observada para o espaçamento 3,0 m x 0,5 m.
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