Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Forests and foresting'
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Schulte, zu Sodingen Beate. "Der völkerrechtliche Schutz der Wälder : nationale Souveränität, multilaterale Schutzkonzepte und unilaterale Regelungsansätze /." Berlin : Springer, 2002. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb400441983.
Full textMention parallèle de titre ou de responsabilité : The @International Legal Protection of Forests : National sovereignty, multilateral protection concepts, and unilateral approaches to regulation. Quelques textes en anglais. Bibliogr. p. 503-554.
Garrier, Claude. "Forêt et institutions ivoiriennes /." Paris ; Budapest ; Kinshasa [etc.] : l'Harmattan, 2007. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb40979006q.
Full textOuelmouhoub, Samir. "Gestion multi-usage et conservation du patrimoine forestier : cas des subéraies du Parc national d'El Kala, Algérie /." Montpellier : CIHEAM-IAMM, 2005. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb40095695q.
Full textCIHEAM-IAMM = Centre international des hautes études agronomiques méditerranéennes-Institut agronomique méditerranéen de Montpellier. En appendice, choix de documents. Bibliogr. p. 105-108. Résumé en français et en anglais.
Allard, Yannick. "Fusion d'informations multisources : application à la classification en milieu forestier." Sherbrooke : Université de Sherbrooke, 2002.
Find full textFritzbøger, Bo. ""A windfall for the magnates" : the development of woodland ownership in Denmark, c. 1150-1830 /." Odense : University Press of Southern Denmark, 2004. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb39977154h.
Full textBoucher, Brigitte. "Un essai d'utilisation d'information écologique à l'aide d'un sig dans une perspective d'aménagement intégré d'un territoire forestier : le cas de Girardville /." Thèse, Chicoutimi : Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 1996. http://theses.uqac.ca.
Full textDoua, Marcel. "La protection juridique intégrée des forêts en Côte d'Ivoire." Thesis, Rennes 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015REN20009.
Full textThe Ivorian forest is facing advanced degradation. To preserve it, Côte d’Ivoire has drafted Law No. 65 - 425 dated 20 december 1965 on the Forest Code and its implementing regulations. But first legal instrument of protection was not as effective as expected. Indeed, sectoral scope , forest law can govern the entire forest area. Other sectoral legalization as the 1965 Law on hunting, the Water Code, the 1998 Law on rural land law will step in to fill the legislative gap in the forestry code. The result is a law on the forest and its uncoordinated and non-integrated resources, the consequences are obvious risks of overlapping jurisdiction, sources of conflict and blocking and duplication. To ensure appropriate legal framework for the protection of the Ivorian forest, this legal integration must take into account all socio-political and economic dimensions of forests, ensuring the participation of all stakeholders, allow the integration of text content and require a cooperation of management structures
Morales, Jorge. "Analyse régionale du développement forestier le cas de la huitième région de Concepcion, Chili /." Lille 3 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37608223h.
Full textLabarthe, Marie-Thérèse. "L'Espace forestier en vallée d'Aspe, Pyrénées atlantiques de l'écosystème pastoral à l'intégration étatique /." Lille 3 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37606703s.
Full textChéret, Véronique. "La sapiniere du luchonnais (pyrenees hautes-garonnaises) : etude phytoecologique, recherches sur le phenomene de deperissement forestier." Toulouse 3, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987TOU30042.
Full textHins, Caroline. "Sélection de l'habitat par le caribou forestier en forêt boréale exploitée." Thèse, [Rimouski, Québec] : Université du Québec à Rimouski, 2008.
Find full textTitre de l'écran-titre (visionné le 30 juin 2008). Mémoire présenté à l'Université du Québec à Rimouski comme exigence partielle du programme de maîtrise en gestion de la faune et de ses habitats. Comprend un résumé. CaQRU CaQRU CaQRU Comprend des réf. bibliogr. Publié aussi en version papier. CaQRU
Moad, Kamel. "Modélisation et optimisation multi-niveaux du transport forestier." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0101/document.
Full textThe present manuscript tackles the supply chain forest transportation problem in the context of forestry primary industry. In this context, several risks may affect the forest supply chain: the unpredictable weather conditions (tree falling provoked by major storms); sanitary emergencies (tree pest and diseases); and, diverse commercial circumstances (the variability of market demands). The aforementioned issues motivate the diverse forest sector protagonists (entrepreneurs, forest operators and drivers) to seek support for improving their logistic operations. The aim of this effort is to improve the service quality (offer-demand agreement) diminishing in this way the total costs. Therefore, the main goal of this thesis is the proposal of a novel management model which improves forest-to-mill transport performance. At the same time, the proposed model accounts for the forest sector manners and constraints. The contribution of this thesis is threefold: first a transportation model is developed, later on the transport planning is managed, and finally an optimization procedure is proposed.The thesis results propose a hierarchical planning for the forestry transportation. Two decision levels are suggested: tactic and operational. At a tactic level, a multi-period optimization is considered. The multi-period optimization strategy meets the customer supply demands while minimizes the global transportation activity. Such strategy takes into account the restrictions of the total available transportation means. Moreover, at this level the activity balancing politics may be developed, as well as subcontractors coordination between transport companies. On the other hand, at the operational level, the tactic planning assigned for each transporter is divided so an optimization of the fleet’s transport assignation is done considering the vehicles constraints.The decision process is modelled as a Mixed Linear Programming formulation. The application considers a data set coming from the industry settled at the Aquitaine region in France. The results have shown a significant improvement on the transport capabilities with respect to the conventional transport practices.It is worth to mention that the decision models were designed such that they may be adapted to different context either collaborative or not. In both cases, the tactic planning has a generic purpose, in other words, it is independent of the kind of organization involved, whereas specific organizations are taken into account when planning actors’ activities at the operational level
Sánchez-Pérez, José-Miguel. "Fonctionnement hydrochimique d'un écosystème forestier inondable de la plaine du Rhin : la forêt alluviale du secteur de l'île de Rhinau en Alsace /." Strasbourg : Centre d'études et de recherches éco-géographiques, 1992. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb35532255v.
Full textGarrier, Claude. "Forêt et institutions ivoiriennes : thèse pour le doctorat en droit présentée et soutenue publiquement le vendredi 24 février 1995 /." [Paris] : [s.n.], 1995. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb371618753.
Full textBorgemeister, Bettina. "Die Stadt und ihr Wald : eine Untersuchung zur Waldgeschichte der Städte Göttingen und Hannover vom 13. bis zum 18. Jahrhundert /." Hannover : Hahn, 2005. http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/fy0610/2005458864.html.
Full textGassama, Ibrahima. "Du rendement soutenu à l'aménagement forestier durable : Quelle gouvernance pour le Québec ?" Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLV063/document.
Full textThis thesis is an exploration to operationalize the concept of Sustainable Forest Management, overcoming the prospects offered by the concept of Sustained Yield. In this context, the approach is not to calculate the evolution of production volumes of wood to ensure a constant flow, but to define by the diversity of stakeholders, the consistency in the development of multiple forest activities. This approach requires an associated lighting expert knowledge but also knowledge from actors in forestry and governance stakeholders to understand the effects of such developments in the area. The reality on the ground shows that the concern of forest stakeholders goes beyond the preservation of wood volumes.Thus, forest sustainability encompasses other non-timber and non-monetary values and uses. An evaluation of these other values cannot be achieved without the creation of a participatory process whose aim is to build preferences by the actors themselves. Thus, Sustainable Forest Management becomes a social choice problem to identify acceptable forms of development by local actors. This research will strive to highlight the societal preferences on the pilot territory of Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean by a deliberative approach and multimedia tools of mediation of knowledge
Redaud, Louis. "Les forêts montagnardes de chênes dans le fonctionnement des systèmes agraires du Centre Népal : évolutions régressives et équilibres, essai de typologie." Grenoble 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987GRE10078.
Full textCohen-Fabre, Hélène. "Les accidents du travail en milieu forestier : étude rétrospective de 1973 à 1981." Montpellier 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988MON11218.
Full textSimon, Laurent. "Recherches biogéographiques en forêt de Coucy-Basse, Aisne cartographie thématique à grande échelle d'un massif forestier /." Lille 3 : ANRT, 1989. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37618548w.
Full textIbanda, Kabaka Paulin. "Réforme forestière de 2002 et droits des populations en RD Congo. Analyse de l'évolution du droit forestier dans ses aspects juridiques, fiscaux, écologiques et socio-économiques." Thesis, Pau, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PAUU2031/document.
Full textIn this thesis, it is a question of making an analysis of the consequences of the forest reform which is engaged in the DRC since 2002 at the instigation of the World Bank with the aim to favor the sustainable management of the forests and the development of the forest populations. However, the legal and economic assessment of this new forestry policy, carried out after fifteen years of application to measure the impact on sustainable forest management, forest taxation and local development of forest populations, shows that, if the 2002 forestry reform contributed to a slight improvement in the mobilization of forest tax revenues, but did not favor the sustainability of forests and the protection of the rights of forest peoples. To remedy this situation, we suggest some reforms to improve this forest policy
Reia, Lais. "Revisão taxonômica das espécies do grupo Moenkhausia oligolepis (Teleostei Ostariophysi: Characiformes) /." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/153684.
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O gênero Moenkhausia ainda se encontra alocado como incertae sedis na família Characidae, com 88 espécies válidas. Moenkhausia oligolepis foi investigada com o intuito de verificar se esta representa uma única espécie ou um complexo de espécies, buscando assim esclarecer questões taxonômicas sobre o gênero. Além de M. oligolepis analisamos as espécies M. sanctaefilomenae, M. forestii e M. australe, pois observamos que estas são mais similares entre si quando comparadas as outras espécies do grupo “complexo Moenkhausia oligolepis/M. sanctaefilomenae”. Sendo assim, estamos considerando essas quatro espécies como o grupo “Moenkhausia oligolepis”. Foram analisados, através de dados morfométricos e merísticos, 321 lotes, totalizando 1522 espécimes disponíveis em coleções ictiológicas brasileiras e estrangeiras. A partir de nossas analises, foram identificadas e propostas duas novas espécies, distribuídas nas bacias dos rios Tapajós (Moenkhausia sp. n.1) e Guaporé (Moenkhausia sp. n.2). Nossos resultados não suportam a hipótese proposta por Benine et al. (2009), de que Moenkhausia oligolepis represente um complexo de espécies, uma vez que não foram detectados caracteres morfológicos diagnósticos justificando a separação e descrição tradicional entre os táxons dos rios Amazonas, Araguaia e Paraguai. Aqui, apontamos as variações morfológicas populacionais de M. oligolepis, como também discussões sobre sua distribuição e a sua relação com algumas espécies do complexo Moenkhausia oligolepis/M. sanctaefilomenae. As redescrições de M. australe e M. sanctaefilomenae são apresentadas com comentários, e ampliamos a distribuição de M. forestii para o rio Mamoré.
The genus Moenkhausia remaining as incertae sedis in the Characidae, with 88 valid species. Moenkhausia oligolepis was investigated in order to verify if it represents a single species or a complex, with the intention to illuminate taxonomic issues about the genus. Beside to M. oligolepis we analyzed the species M. sanctaefilomenae, M. forestii and M. australe, because we observed that these species are more similar to each other when compared to the other species of the group "Moenkhausia oligolepis / M. sanctaefilomenae complex ". Therefore, we are considering these four species as the group "Moenkhausia oligolepis". 321 lots were analyzed through morphometric and meristic data, totaling 1522 specimens available in Brazilian and foreign ichthyological collections. From our analyzes, two new species were identified and proposed, distributed in the rivers Tapajós (Moenkhausia sp. n.1) and Guaporé (Moenkhausia sp. n.2) basins. Our results do not support the hypothesis that Moenkhausia oligolepis is a species complex as proposed by Benine et al. (2009), since no morphological diagnostic characters were observed justifying the separation and traditional description among the taxa of the rivers Amazonas, Araguaia and Paraguay basins. Here we point out the population morphological variations of M. oligolepis, as well as discussions about their distribution and their relationship with some species of the Moenkhausia oligolepis / M. sanctaefilomenae complex. The redescriptions of M. australe and M. sanctaefilomenae are presented with comments and we have extended a distribution of M. forestii to the Mamoré River.
Chaste, Émeline. "Risques passés et futurs de feux de forêts et leurs incidences sur la résilience de la forêt boréale de l’Est Canadien." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEP047/document.
Full textChanges in forest composition and structure are projected in response to the future climate likely more conducive to fire and water stress. A decrease in carbon and biomass stocks could significantly affect the forest industry and global warming by high carbon emissions during fires. However, despite its ecological and socio-economic importance, the future of the forest is uncertain because the impacts of climate change on ecosystem processes and standing biomass are still poorly understood. The primary objective is therefore to assess the potential effects of climate change on vegetation dynamics and fires, and to characterize their joint effects on the resilience of eastern Canada's boreal forest on both sides of the northern limit of managed forests (NLMF). Simulations were carried out with the LPJ-LMfire dynamic global vegetation model and focused on three specific objectives: (1) to reconstruct fire activity during the 20th century and analyze changes in spatial and temporal fire trends related to vegetation and climate, (2) to analyze the forest response projection to climate change and to fire increase to assess if abrupt changes in biomass of dominant species could occur, (3) to simulate trajectories of past fires and vegetation in response to Holocene climatic variations to understand the relationship between climate, fire and vegetation. For the first time, simulations are performed on the eastern boreal forest with LPJ-LMfire over 6000 years and at high spatial resolution (100 km 2) over a study area stretching west to east, from Manitoba to Newfoundland. The plant functional types for the four dominant tree genera (Picea, Abies, Pinus, Populus) have been parameterized. The predictive capabilities of the model were tested over the 20th century by comparing simulated annual rates of combustion and biomass with independent observations. The same variables, simulated over the past 6,000 years, have been compared to paleoecological reconstructions from lacustrine records of microcharcoals and pollen. Finally, the present version of LPJ-LMfire has been used with IPCC climate scenarios to analyze trajectories along the 21st century. The results show that LPJ-LMfire correctly reproduces the spatio-temporal trends in fire frequency observed in the 20th century, particularly in Manitoba and Ontario. The simulated spatial distribution of plant biomass is also consistent with observations, except at the northern limit of trees where it is overestimated, especially for Picea. The trajectories of simulated fires and vegetation over the last 6,000 years were spatially shifted compared to paleoecological reconstructions: too far south in the west and too far north in the east. The observed difference would be due to the IPSL-CM5A-LR climate data provided as input of LPJ-LMfire. Climate variability and lightning impacts are the determining factors in the distribution of fire frequency during the 20th century, while vegetation feedbacks on fires control the distribution of their frequency over long time scales. Our results contradict the predicted increase in future fire risk, suggesting a decrease in fire frequency by 2100, especially in the south, associated with an increase in the proportion of deciduous taxa and an opening of landscapes that should limit ignition and spread of fires. The frequency and intensity of droughts induced by climate change are expected to increase and favor tree mortality south of the NLMF. Rising temperatures and atmospheric CO2 will only temporarily increase forest productivity. By 2100, declining biomass stocks and increasing broadleaf proportion south of the NLMF could threaten the economy of the forest sector. Silvicultural practices that preserve productivity and boreal forest resilience are therefore recommended to maintain sustainable forest management
Bastin, Jean-François. "Estimating the aboveground biomass of central African tropical forests at the tree, canopy and region level." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209006.
Full textIn the present work, we propose to address these issues by using a multi-scale approach in order to improve our global understanding of AGB variations in dense tropical forests of Central Africa. In particular, we studied (i) forest AGB prediction from remote-sensing textural analysis, (ii) the potential role of largest trees as predictor of the entire forest-stand AGB and (iii) intra- and inter-individual radial variation of wood specific gravity (WSG, i.e. oven-dry mass divided by its green volume) and its potential consequences on the estimation of the AGB of the tree.
First, we analyzed the potential use of textural analysis to predict AGB distribution based on very high spatial resolution satellite scenes. In particular, we used the Fast Fourier Transform Ordination (FOTO) method to predict AGB from heterogeneous forest stands of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). Here, based on 26 ground plots of 1-ha gathered from the field, plus a successful combination of Geoeye and Quickbird contrasted scenes, we were able to predict and to map AGB with a robust model (R² = 0.85; RMSE = 15%) based on textural gradients.
Secondly, the research of AGB indicators was focused on the dissection of the role played by largest trees. Here we found largest trees not only hold large share of forest carbon stock but they contain the print of most of forest-stand structure and diversity. Using a large dataset from western Cameroon to eastern DRC, we developed a non-linear model to predict forest carbon stock from the measurement of only a few large trees. We found the AGB of the 5 % largest stems allow to predict the AGB of the entire forest-stand yielding an R² of 0.87 at a regional scale. Focusing on largest trees species composition, we also showed only 5 % of species account for 50 % of total AGB.
In the end, we investigated inter- and intra-individual WSG variations. Despite recognized inter- and intra-specific variations along the radial axis, their ecological determinants and their consequences on trees aboveground biomass assessments remain understudied in tropical regions. To our knowledge, it has never been investigated in Africa. Using a 3-D X-Ray scanner, we studied the radial WSG variation of 14 canopy species of DRC tropical forests. Wood specific gravity variance along the radial profile was dominated by differences between species intercepts (~76%), followed by the differences between their slope (~11%) and between individual cores intercept (~10%). Residual variance was minimal (~3%). Interestingly, no differences were found in the comparison of mean WSG observed on the entire core and the mean WSG at 1-cm under the bark (intercept ~0; coefficient = 1.03). In addition, local values of WSG are strongly correlated with mean value in the global data base at species level.
I deeply believe these results favor the development of promising tools to map and to estimate accurately the AGB of tropical forest-stands. The information provided by largest trees on the entire forest-stand is particularly interesting both for developing new sampling strategies for carbon stocks monitoring and to characterize tropical forest-stand structure. In particular, our results should provide the opportunity to decrease current sampling cost while decreasing its main related uncertainties, and might also favor an increase of the current sampling coverage.
Doctorat en Sciences agronomiques et ingénierie biologique
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Bouchot, Bernard. "Biogéographie et téléanalyse contribution à l'étude d'un massif forestier du nord-est de la France, la forêt des Ardennes." Lille 3 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37594513r.
Full textBarataud, Fabienne. "Analyse physique des transferts hydriques dans un sol forestier à plusieurs échelles spatiales." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997INPL026N.
Full textGauthier-Manuel, Annie. "L'acidité des pluies et les photooxydants atmosphériques : études récentes en Franche-Comté et la relation avec le dépérissement forestier." Besançon, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989BESA2017.
Full textRies, Sylvie. "Fonctionnement d'un écosystème forestier : le compartiment racines d'un taillis de châtaigniers (Castanea sativa Mill.) du Sud-Est de la France : biomasse, structure et évolution." Grenoble 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988GRE10011.
Full textDenardou-Tisserand, Anaïs. "Changements du stock de bois sur pied des forêts françaises : description, analyse et simulation sur des horizons temporels pluri-décennal (1975 - 2015) et séculaire à partir des données de l'inventaire forestier national et de statistiques anciennes." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LORR0009.
Full textContext. After centuries of decrease, the forest area of most developed countries increase, a phenomenon termed “forest transition”. While current increase in growing stock (GS) is greater than that in area, it remains far less studied. These changes are linked to major current issues. It is essential to assess these changes, to decipher their underlying causes, and to quantify them over the longer term in order to locate current forest resources on a broad trajectory and to anticipate their future dynamics. This thesis is dedicated to French metropolitan forests, which exhibit the most intensive changes in the growing stock in Europe, and relies on data from the French NFI program. Objectives. (1) Analyse forest areal, GS and GS density (GSD) changes and their spatio-temporal variations over 40 years (1975-2015). They were related to factors hypothesized to feature forest changes (geographical contexts, ownership and species composition). We screened for changes in the rate of expansion. The relationships between GS changes and some forest attributes (initial GS and GSD, recent forest area increase) were investigated. (2) Uncover the processes of GS changes and to split the GS expansion magnitude across dynamically-homogeneous forest ensembles. The study was based on GS flux estimation (growth, ingrowth, mortality and harvest). (3) Locate the actual GS expansion in a secular perspective. This analysis consisted in reconstructing the GS chronology since 1850. Levels of GS in 1892, 1908 and 1929 (associated to area of ancient statistics) were estimated using a conditional imputation approach for GSD estimation. Then, a holistic growing stock densification model was implemented to inquire the conditions required on densification patterns and magnitude to simulate the reconstituted GS chronology. Results. (1) Over 40 years, GS increases were three times faster than the areal ones, underlining the intensity of forest densification. No sign of saturation was found. Private forests, and mainly broadleaved ones, presented the greatest GS and GSD increases, suggesting the essential role of natural expansion and agricultural land abandonment. Regression models revealed the positive effect of initial GS and of recent areal increases on GS expansion. (2) The analysis of GS expansion processes evidenced the low level of harvests in comparison to forest growth, and the contribution of recent forests to wood resource development. It led to identify 4 synthetic forest ensembles contributing to the expansion and of distinct dynamics, mainly composed of private forests. (3) GS suggested a very low mean GSD at the beginning of the period (25 m3/ha) and a GS increase by almost +300% between 1892 and 2010, underlying the importance of this expansion. A convex growth model was required to simulate historical forest densification, attesting of a significant inertia in wood resource reconstitution after the forest transition, interpreted based on a gradual decrease in harvest rates for which indices were collected, or to a gradual recovery of site fertility. The analysis also suggested a distinct kinetics for GS densification in plantation forests. Conclusions. These researches reveal the magnitude of GS expansion and the importance of its analysis across forest contexts. This ancient expansion does not present any current sign of saturation and constitute a persistent carbon sink which should not decrease in the next decades assuming similar contextual conditions. According to the process analysis of GS expansion, a significant fraction of the GS increases does not constitute readily available additional wood resources. Thus, future harvest intensification policies must be contextualized and evolving in time
Larrieu, Laurent. "Les dendro-microhabitats : facteurs clés de leur occurrence dans les peuplements forestiers, impact de la gestion et relations avec la biodiversité taxonomique." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014INPT0130/document.
Full textTree microhabitats, such as cavities, are diverse and abundant in natural forests. A literature review revealed that they are dynamic and temporary key habitat resources for the complexity of forest ecosystems. However, since their study is recent, they are still poorly known. In harvested forest, tree microhabitats are well categorized as silvicultural items, mostly as wood defaults decreasing its commercial value. Therefore, how to reconcile the retention of ecological objects crucial for biodiversity and the production of high‐quality timber? This PhD thesis aimed, on the one hand, at participating to better qualify the ecological roles of tree microhabitats for forest biodiversity and, on the other hand, at giving practical recommendations to forest managers who integrate the conservation of species diversity in their usual management. 1028 plots were set up in 210 French forests to observe about 55,000 trees. We studied the relationships between tree microhabitats and species richness and composition of 9 taxa. Through the analysis of key features for tree microhabitats at the tree and stand levels, we showed that tree species and diameter at breast height explain 26 and 31 % of the variations in microhabitat occurrence and diversity, respectively, in beech‐fir forest unlogged for more than 100 years. We highlighted significant diameter thresholds for the occurrence and diversity of microhabitats borne by beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) and silver fir (Abies alba Mill.). Furthermore, tree microhabitat density, deadwood volume and their diversity were shown to be roughly constant throughout the silvigenetic cycle in mountain mixed forests. Secondary tree species play a crucial role in the regulation of deadwood and microhabitat pools, especially during the phases where the dryad trees supply a low amount of microhabitats and deadwood. A surface of unharvested forest more than 10 hectares in area is necessary to observe the whole microhabitat diversity. Microhabitat occurrence patterns in logged forests were drastically different from those observed in forests unlogged for more than one century: tree microhabitats were systematically less diverse and the relative density of microhabitat types was modified. Moreover, the restoration of tree microhabitat pools was slow in set‐aside plain broadleaved forests. More than 30 years without harvests were not sufficient to observe the restoration of the tree microhabitat pool and significant changes in saproxylic beetle communities in all forest contexts. We measured the contribution of tree microhabitats to biodiversity, and we observed that the density of cavity‐ and fungus‐bearing trees were significant drivers for species richness and composition of saproxylic beetle assemblages. The density of trees bearing microhabitats, especially bark losses, significantly influenced the species richness of polypores. The stand openness and local climatic conditions affected these relationships in several forest‐taxon cases. We proposed a reference hierarchical typology of tree microhabitats in order to harmonize survey protocols and to facilitate data sharing in the future. Furthermore, we improved the consideration of tree microhabitats in an integrated management tool, i.e. the Potential Biodiversity Index (PBI). We also included the tree microhabitat pool into a simulation model of mountain forest dynamics (Samsara 2). Apart from being relevant management tools in conservation biology, tree microhabitats stand for natural microcosms available to further fundamental ecological researches. We hope that our work will help foresters to have a new insight on their managed forests
Drouin, M??lanie. "L'impact des vers de terre exotiques sur le recrutement des esp??ces v??g??tales foresti??res du sud du Qu??bec." Mémoire, Universit?? de Sherbrooke, 2014. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/68.
Full textMBARGA, BINDZI MARIE-ALAIN. "Processus de reconstitution de la foret dense mesophile guineenne : cas du secteur forestier de la region de yaounde (cameroun)." Paris 11, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA112346.
Full textAbadie, Juliet. "Ecologie historique des forêts méditerranéennes : déterminants du changement du couvert forestier et effets des usages passés sur les sols et la flore actuels." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0192/document.
Full textIn temperate regions, historical maps have demonstrated that forest ancientness determines soil properties and the presence of some plant species. However, those differences were rarely analysed in the Mediterranean region. The main objectives of this PhD thesis are to analyse the drivers of forest cover change and the effect of temporal continuity and past land uses on forest soils and understory vegetation in the Mediterranean region. This work relies on the territory of the Regional Natural Park of Luberon. The first part consists of identifying biophysical and socioeconomic drivers of land use and forest recovery spatial distribution, based on the comparison of 1860, 1958 and 2010 land uses. Forest maintained on the least productive land while forest recovery occurred on soils with low productivity, and close to pre-existing forests. The second part investigates the effect of forest temporal continuity and past land uses on their ecological characteristics, based on floristic and pedological data. Ancient and recent forests are distributed according to soil productivity and host species of differing traits and ecological preferences. Notably, species significantly preferring ancient forests are true forest species, phanerophytes and endozoochores. If this work relies on the État-Major map, it turns out that the historical ecology of Mediterranean forests requires complementary in situ approaches in order to fully understand the complexity of past landscape uses
Jang, Jae-Dong. "Evaluation of thermal-water stress of forest in southern Québec from satellite images." Thesis, Université Laval, 2004. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2004/21726/21726.pdf.
Full textThe thermal-water stress of the vegetation canopy was evaluated for southern region Québec from SPOT VEGETATION (VGT) and NOAA AVHRR images, and for the 1999 and 2000 reproduction seasons. To retrieve surface temperatures from AVHRR images, the algorithm of Coll et al. (1994b) was found to be the optimal method for our study area by comparing six algorithms. Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) were trained for cloud detection on daily synthesis (S1) and P data of the SPOT VGT system. The analysis demonstrated the superior classification of the network over the standard cloud masks provided with the data. The network detected not only bright thick clouds but also thin or darker clouds. As another application study, ANNs were employed for estimating air temperatures. The input variables for the networks were the five bands of the AVHRR image, surface altitude, the solar zenith angle, and Julian day. The network using all the input data provided the best results, with 22 nodes in the hidden layer. The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and the Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI) were derived from SPOT VGT for evaluating vegetation water status and surface temperature was retrieved from AVHRR for the thermal status. The two vegetation indices were integrated for evaluating the vegetation condition and water status as a new index, namely the Normalized Moisture Index (NMI). A trapezoid was defined by the NMI and by surface temperature and the thermal-water status of the vegetation canopy was determined according to the four sectors of the trapezoid. The thermal-water status was validated by comparing it with the indices of the Canadian Forest Fire Weather Index System.
Hayatte, Asalhi. "Analyse de sensibilité des indices de végétation au-dessus d'un couvert forestier de sapin: étude comparative à partir des données de simulation entre MODIS-EOS, VEGETATION-SPOT et AVHRR-NOAA." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/22520.
Full textFarcy, Christine. "L'aménagement forestier à la croisée des chemins : éléments de réponse au défi posé par les nouvelles attentes d'une société en mutation." Université catholique de Louvain, 2005. http://edoc.bib.ucl.ac.be:81/ETD-db/collection/available/BelnUcetd-10102005-164813/.
Full textMcLaughlin, Stephan. "Évaluation de la densité (tiges/ha.) et caractérisation de la défoliation d'un territoire forestier boréal à l'aide de la vidéographie aérienne multispectrale (VAM) /." Thèse, Chicoutimi : Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 1998. http://theses.uqac.ca.
Full textSanchez, Inès. "Etude de la variabilite enzymatique de terminalia superba engler et diels : arbre forestier d'afrique tropicale." Paris 7, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA077148.
Full textAudigier, Romaric Matthias Michel. "Zona de empate : o elo entre transformadas de watershed e conexidade nebulosa." [s.n.], 2007. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/261112.
Full textTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Eletrica e de Computação
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Resumo: Esta tese introduz o novo conceito de transformada de zona de empate que unifica as múltiplas soluções de uma transformada de watershed, conservando apenas as partes comuns em todas estas, tal que as partes que diferem constituem a zona de empate. A zona de empate aplicada ao watershed via transformada imagem-floresta (TZ-IFT-WT) se revela um elo inédito entre transformadas de watershed baseadas em paradigmas muito diferentes: gota d'água, inundação, caminhos ótimos e floresta de peso mínimo. Para todos esses paradigmas e os algoritmos derivados, é um desafio se ter uma solução única, fina, e que seja consistente com uma definição. Por isso, propõe-se um afinamento da zona de empate, único e consistente. Além disso, demonstra-se que a TZ-IFT-WT também é o dual de métodos de segmentação baseados em conexidade nebulosa. Assim, a ponte criada entre as abordagens morfológica e nebulosa permite aproveitar avanços de ambas. Em conseqüência disso, o conceito de núcleo de robustez para as sementes é explorado no caso do watershed.
Abstract: This thesis introduces the new concept of tie-zone transform that unifies the multiple solutions of a watershed transform, by conserving only the common parts among them such that the differing parts constitute the tie zone. The tie zone applied to the watershed via image-foresting transform (TZ-IFTWT) proves to be a link between watershed transforms based on very different paradigms: drop of water, flooding, optimal paths and forest of minimum weight. For all these paradigms and the derived algorithms, it is a challenge to get a unique and thin solution which is consistent with a definition. That is why we propose a unique and consistent thinning of the tie zone. In addition, we demonstrate that the TZ-IFT-WT is also the dual of segmentation methods based on fuzzy connectedness. Thus, the bridge between the morphological and the fuzzy approaches allows to take benefit from the advance of both. As a consequence, the concept of cores of robustness for the seeds is exploited in the case of watersheds.
Doutorado
Engenharia de Computação
Doutor em Engenharia Elétrica
Nys, Claude. "Fonctionnement du sol d'un écosystème forestier étude des modifications dues à la substitution d'une plantation d'épicéas commun (Picea abies) à une forêt feuillue mélangée des Ardennes /." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37608495x.
Full textBertault, Jean-Guy. "Étude de l'effet du feu en foret semi-décidue de Cote d'Ivoire au sein d'un dispositif d'expérimentation sylvicole." Nancy 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992NAN10018.
Full textImbert, Charles-Edouard. "Expansion d'un ravageur forestier sous l'effet du réchauffement climatique : la processionnaire du pin affecte-t-elle la biodiversité entomologique dans les zones nouvellement colonisées ?" Phd thesis, Université d'Orléans, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00717391.
Full textMANTZAVELAS, ANTONIS. "Typologie de stations : un outil de traitement statistique des donnees phytoecologiques et d'aide a la decision en amenagement forestier. application a la foret domaniale de kerdylio (grece)." Nancy 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994NAN10341.
Full textCamblanne, Lionel. "Les comportements de gestion des forestiers : contribution à la connaissance des conséquences de perspectives intergénérationnelles sur les décisions du dirigeant d'entreprise familiale." Thesis, Bordeaux 4, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BOR40004.
Full textThe forest landowner can be set up as a model of a business manager who leads a wood manufacture, his woodland. He can be considered as a particular business manager whose activity is characterized by an unique decision, to cut or not to cut the trees ; and by a long planning horizon on several generations.Through the observation that the forest landowners' behaviors are not totally rational in comparison with the function of the woodland production, the research explores the origins of biases that affect behaviors, and specifically the family vision on business, due to the impact of each decision on the future of the coming generations. In this objective, based on psychological researches, a theoretical background is implemented, which proposes a model of the various biases that can affect managers.By comparing the different cases of forest landowners, the family vision is found as the origin of a conative bias that triggers a behavioral inertia. This inertia appears to be variable according to the specificities of the managers' families. The various forest landowners' behaviors allow to grasp new elements concerning behavioral governance through the proposition of both a behavior analyzing tool and a mechanism which aims to identify the origins of biases through a differential method , and allow to infer the mean to correct them
BADRE, BOUCHRA. "Recyclage de la matiere organique et dynamique des elements mineraux en milieu forestier alluvial. Influence du degre d'inondabilite. Comparaison entre deux sites : 1. site inondable: foret de l'ile de rhinau. 2. site non inondable: foret du dachsenkopf." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996STR13282.
Full textBelkacem, Saïd. "Étude de la restauration des sols acides soumis à de forts apports acides : effet des formes et doses d'amendements sur le fonctionnement d'un sol acide forestier." Nancy 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993NAN10282.
Full textBozon, Nathalie. "Répartition et dynamique des boisements feuillus post-agricoles : analyse structurale de formations à frene, érable et merisier dans les Alpes." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995GRE10113.
Full textEsparon, Stéphane. "Analyse de la durabilité systémique d'un réseau de création de valeurs forestier : étude de cas à l'échelle d'une communauté de communes dans le massif des Landes de Gascogne." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0377/document.
Full textPublic policies stimulate the deployment of circular economy (EC). Among the application tools, industrial and territorial ecology aims is to improve productive systems by optimizing materials loops. However, studies have shown that elements organizations of a system influences the holistic capabilities of this system.The objective of this thesis is to exploring the influences of the network shapes of a companies set, on systemique durability of this set at local scale.The forest system of « Les Landes de Gascogne » is an appropriate industrial ecosystem to analyse innovative organization shapes and regional networking. Our experimental territorial unit is surrounded by forest and gives support to many companies, therefore we mapped the material wood flow, in order to build the collaborations structure between companies. Using comparative analysis we observed some network indicators related to robustness, flexibility and stability.The first contribution of this thesis is the extended created value network as a optimal framework to observe all activities involved in the value-creation of local resource. The second contribution is the proposition of the municipalities conurbation as adequate scales, to understand flux topology from local naturals ressources and the end-of-life goods.It is necessary to reproduce our study on other territories or on experimental data sets to improve our methods and results
Charru, Marie. "LA PRODUCTIVITÉ FORESTIÈRE DANS UN ENVIRONNEMENT CHANGEANT : CARACTÉRISATION MULTI-ÉCHELLE DE SES VARIATIONS RÉCENTES À PARTIR DES DONNÉES DE L’INVENTAIRE FORESTIER NATIONAL (IFN) ET INTERPRÉTATION ENVIRONNEMENTALE." Thesis, Paris, AgroParisTech, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AGPT0027/document.
Full textGrowth trends have been reported in many regions of Europe over the twentieth century. However, an integrated assessment of productivity changes, including focus on a wide geographical scale, analysis of spatial heterogeneity, and the inter-specific diversity of growth responses is still lacking. The aim of this Ph.D work was to assess recent changes in forest productivity on a national, regional and local scale in France, and to investigate their potential environmental causes, based on statistical modeling approaches of stand basal area increment (BAI), and environmental indicators. We used the French NFI data for 8 species of contrasted ecological niches and distributions (Fagus sylvatica, Quercus robur, Quercus petraea, Quercus pubescens, Picea abies, Abies alba, Pinus sylvestris and Pinus halepensis), taken in pure and even-aged stands. We identified the main factors influencing tree species productivity on a national scale, and produced productivity maps suggesting that species distribution ranges are not always limited by environmental conditions. Between 1980 and 2005, the productivity trends reported were positive, modal or non-significant for all species, except the two Mediterranean species for which productivity decreased, highlighting inter-specific differences in these changes. We observed strong variations of productivity changes, both in intensity and sign, on a regional and intra-regional scale. These results question the relevance of wide-scale average assessments and highlight their context-dependence. The role of recent climatic warming in featuring the BAI trends was highlighted. This work provides an enriched scale- and species-dependent assessment of tree species reaction to a changing environment. We emphasized the species- and context dependence of productivity changes, due to differences in species autecology and spatial variations in the limiting factors. Further focus on the effect of environmental factors and their complex interactions is needed for the prediction of species future productivity
Chorfi, Kamel. "La prise en compte du contexte économique et social dans le plan d'aménagement forestier intégré : le cas des forêts de genévrier du Sud Kirghizistan [Asie Centrale]." Phd thesis, AgroParisTech, 2008. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00004420.
Full textGoulet, André. "Épidémiologie du champignon Chondrostereum purpureum, agent de maîtrise biologique de la reproduction végétative des feuillus de lumière en milieu forestier, Epidemiology of the fungus Chondrostereum purpureum, a biological control agent of the asexual reproduction of deciduous tree species in forest environment." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp04/mq26214.pdf.
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