Academic literature on the topic 'Forests and forestry Soil surveys'
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Journal articles on the topic "Forests and forestry Soil surveys"
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Sena, Kenton L., Kevin M. Yeager, Christopher D. Barton, John M. Lhotka, William E. Bond, and Kimberly J. Schindler. "Development of Mine Soils in a Chronosequence of Forestry-Reclaimed Sites in Eastern Kentucky." Minerals 11, no. 4 (April 16, 2021): 422. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min11040422.
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Surface mining for coal has contributed to widespread deforestation and soil loss in coal mining regions around the world, and particularly in Appalachia, USA. Mined land reforestation is of interest in this and other regions where forests are the dominant pre-mining land use. This study evaluated mine soil development on surface-mined sites reforested according to the Forestry Reclamation Approach, representing a chronosequence of time ranging from 0 to 19 years after reclamation. Soils were sampled in depth increments to 50 cm and analyzed for a suite of soil physical and chemical characteristics. Overall, soil fines (silt + clay) tended to increase over time since reclamation (17% silt at year 0 increasing to 35% at year 11; 3.2% clay at year 0 increasing to 5.7% at year 14) while concentrations of metals (e.g., Al, Mg, Mn, Na) demonstrated varied relationships with time since reclamation. Concentrations of organic carbon (OC) tended to increase with time (0.9% OC at year 0 increasing to 2.3% at year 14), and were most enriched in near-surface soils. Some soil characteristics (e.g., Na, OC, Ca) demonstrated patterns of increasing similarity to the forest control, while others were distinct from the forest control throughout the chronosequence (e.g., Al, clay, Mn, gravel). Future surveys of these soils over time will elucidate longer-term patterns in soil development, and better characterize the time scales over which these soils might be expected to approximate forest soil conditions.
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Sims, R. A., and P. Uhlig. "The current status of forest site classification in Ontario." Forestry Chronicle 68, no. 1 (February 1, 1992): 64–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc68064-1.
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Forest sites are diagnostic forest-landscape ecosystem units that resource managers must deal with during the planning and implementation stages of management. Forest sites are the basic building blocks for undertaking integrated resource management which weighs wildlife, recreation, environmental impact and various other concerns along with timber harvesting. Consequently, accurate and practical systems for classifying and mapping forest sites are becoming increasingly necessary to organize, communicate and use existing and new management knowledge and experience effectively.Over the past four decades in Ontario, a number of studies and resource surveys have provided important background information on forest sites. Many have considered, to varying extents, the integrative roles of vegetation, soil-site, landform and general climate on forests and forest land. Generally, the emphasis has been on description and classification, with results generating a better understanding of how various forests in different areas develop, both qualitatively and quantitatively, in relation to soil-site or other features of the basic land resource. Some of these studies and surveys have been instrumental in advancing the definitions and understanding of forested ecosystems. Others have provided new information on site dynamics, interrelationships and functions, or have contributed to the science (and art) of site evaluation and classification.This paper briefly summarizes the current status of forest site classification in Ontario. Over time, the role of forest site classification has evolved in response to new technologies and information, and to new emphases and values in resource management. In general, site classification research has become increasingly integrative and quantitative. Some of the important future challenges facing forest site classification in Ontario are briefly discussed. Key words: ecological land classification, forest ecology, forest ecosystem classification, forest management interpretations, forest site classification, land use planning, Ontario.
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McLaughlin, D. L., M. Chiu, D. Durigon, and H. Liljalehto. "The Ontario Hardwood Forest Health Survey: 1986 – 1998." Forestry Chronicle 76, no. 5 (October 1, 2000): 783–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc76783-5.
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In 1986 the Ontario government established a long-term program to monitor hardwood forest health. The program was initiated in response to widespread reports of forest decline in North America and Europe and the implication that air pollution, specifically acidic deposition, was a causal factor. Visual symptoms of branch dieback, leaf colour, and leaf size, have been quantitatively evaluated on about 15 000 trees in 110 plots. This report summarizes the results of the first 12 years (1986 to 1998). Over that time period, relative to the 1986 baseline year, 84% of the plots have improved in condition, 12% have not changed, and 4% have deteriorated. Generally, hardwood forest health in the province appears to be quite good; severe decline is limited and very site-specific, occurring only in selected northern regions on acid-sensitive and/or marginal sites, or in southern areas on very shallow soils. Northern forests growing on coarse-textured shallow soils underlain by precambrian rock are in poorer health relative to southern forests growing on finer-textured, deeper soil over limestone. On soils sensitive to acidic deposition, tree health deteriorated as soil pH and exchangeable aluminum levels increased. Key words: forest health, forest decline, decline index, Ontario, hardwood, air pollution, acid rain
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Atkinson, D. "Soil Resource Surveys for Forestry: Soil, Terrain and Site Mapping in Boreal and Temperate Forests." Geoderma 43, no. 1 (October 1988): 75–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0016-7061(88)90056-0.
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Havel, J. J. "Soil resources surveys for forestry: Soil, terrain and site mapping in boreal and temperate forests." Forest Ecology and Management 23, no. 1 (January 1988): 78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-1127(88)90017-5.
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Rieger, Isaak, Ingo Kowarik, Daniel Ziche, Nicole Wellbrock, and Arne Cierjacks. "Linkages between Phosphorus and Plant Diversity in Central European Forest Ecosystems—Complementarity or Competition?" Forests 10, no. 12 (December 17, 2019): 1156. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f10121156.
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The phosphorus nutrition status of European forests has decreased significantly in recent decades. For a deeper understanding of complementarity and competition in terms of P acquisition in temperate forests, we have analyzed α-diversity, organic layer and mineral soil P, P nutrition status, and different concepts of P use efficiency (PUE) in Fagus sylvatica L. (European beech) and Picea abies (L.) H. Karst. (Norway spruce). Using a subset of the Second National Soil Survey in Germany, we correlated available data on P in the organic layer and soil with α-diversity indices for beech and spruce forests overall and for individual vegetation layers (tree, shrub, herb, and moss layers). Moreover, we investigated α-diversity feedbacks on P nutrition status and PUE of both tree species. The overall diversity of both forest ecosystems was largely positively related to P content in the organic layer and soil, but there were differences among the vegetation layers. Diversity in the tree layer of both forest ecosystems was negatively related to the organic layer and soil P. By contrast, shrub diversity showed no correlation to P, while herb layer diversity was negatively related to P in the organic layer but positively to P in soil. A higher tree layer diversity was slightly related to increased P recycling efficiency (PPlant/Porganic layer) in European beech and P uptake efficiency (PPlant/Psoil) in Norway spruce. The diversity in the herb layer was negatively related to P recycling and uptake efficiency in European beech and slightly related to P uptake efficiency in Norway spruce. In spruce forests, overall and herb species richness led to significantly improved tree nutrition status. Our results confirm significant, non-universal relationships between P and diversity in temperate forests with variations among forest ecosystems, vegetation layers, and P in the organic layer or soil. In particular, tree species diversity may enhance complementarity and hence also P nutrition of dominant forest trees through higher PUE, whereas moss and herb layers seemed to show competitive relationships among each other in nutrient cycling.
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Saeid, Shabani. "Modelling and mapping of soil damage caused by harvesting in Caspian forests (Iran) using CART and RF data mining techniques." Journal of Forest Science 63, No. 9 (September 21, 2017): 425–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/125/2016-jfs.
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Controlling the soil damage caused by forest harvesting has a key role in forest management due to its effect on forest dynamics and productivity, mainly through modifying the physical, mechanical, and hydrological context of soil. This study was conducted to evaluate the soil damage susceptibility in one of the Caspian forests, Iran. For this purpose, two data mining techniques including classification and regression tree (CART) and random forest (RF) were applied. A total of 224 soil damage locations were identified primarily from field surveys. Then, 10 conditioning variables were produced in GIS. For model performance, the outputs of the analyses were compared with the field-verified soil damage locations. Our results show that slope degree, soil type, and slope aspect had the highest weight on soil damage, in the order of their appurtenance. Additionally, according to the relative operating characteristics curve, RF is a more suitable prediction model for soil damage zoning compared to CART. In summary, the findings of this study suggest that soil damage susceptibility mapping is an effective technique for Caspian forests, Iran.
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BADEA, Ovidiu, Diana Maria SILAGHI, Stefan NEAGU, Ioan TAUT, and Stefan LECA. "Forest Monitoring - Assessment, Analysis and Warning System for Forest Ecosystem Status." Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca 41, no. 2 (December 6, 2013): 613. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/nbha4129304.
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Forests provide essential benefits and services as an important component of terrestrial ecosystems. Their functionality and health result from multiple and cumulative interactions of biotic and abiotic stress factors such as air pollution, climate change, changes in land use, and poor management practices. A forest monitoring system was established to identify, analyse and assess the degradation of European forests. Two levels of forest monitoring were developed: I) large-scale forest condition surveys, based on an European grid system starting in 1986 and II) an intensive non-systematic survey network placed in representative forest ecosystems starting in 1994. Romania implemented both level I (1990-1991) and level II (1991-1992) forest monitoring surveys with the results showing the effects of increased air temperatures and a drastic decrease of precipitation since the decade of 1971-1980. Thus, the highest values of damaged trees (crown defoliation >25%) percent were recorded in 1993, 1994, 2000 and 2003 both in the national and European networks. Also, in southern and South-Eastern Romania the forests are more frequently damaged as a response to worsening of climatic factors in this region in recent decades, with temperatures rising 0.7-0.8°C. In general, in Romania, ozone concentrations remained below the critical threshold (40-50 ppb) for affecting growth or health of trees. The levels of S-SO4 and N-NO3 declined in the atmosphere but the accumulation continued to increase in the soil, leading to soil acidification, mainly at depths of 10-40 cm). In general, during the last decade, Romanian forests were affected at low to medium intensities with damage rate up to 11% of the trees and the status of general forest health improved slightly.
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Oester, Bernhard, and Markus Bolliger. "Zukünftige Ausrichtung der Waldbeobachtung in der Schweiz | The Future Orientation of Forest Monitoring in Switzerland." Schweizerische Zeitschrift fur Forstwesen 151, no. 5 (May 1, 2000): 161–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3188/szf.2000.0161.
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In June 1999 the directors of both the Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL and the Swiss Forest Agency (Buwal) undersigned an agreement for the continuation of the programme «Forest Monitoring in Switzerland». The aim of this programme is to determine the present condition and to forecast the long-term development of forests in Switzerland, to analyse the dangers to which they are exposed and the causes thereof, to estimate future hazards and to deduce the implications not only for sustained management but also for forest and environmental policies. The study programme will take into account the well-established National Inventory, for which the content and methodology for the third survey are already under way; the annual Sanasilva surveys in Europe, the Plant Health Observation Service,the long-term forest ecosystem research programme on long-term observation areas and, what is new, the sub-programmes«Soil» and «Biodiversity», two very important and problematic fields, which deserve much more attention in future.
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Březina, David, Jakub Michal, Zdeněk Adamec, and Jana Burdová. "Quantification of the economic value of the recreational function of forests in the territory of Městské lesy Hradec Králové a.s." Journal of Forest Science 65, No. 5 (May 31, 2019): 161–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/38/2019-jfs.
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This article aims at the valuation of the potential and economic significance of the recreational ecosystem services of forests. The research was conducted in the area of Městské lesy Hradec Králové a.s. in 2018. A part of the questionnaire survey assessed by means of statistical analysis was based on the travel cost method and the contingent valuation method, which investigate the respondents’ willingness to pay for services resulting from the recreational ecosystem service of forests. The research specifically dealt with the visitors’ willingness to pay for the services resulting from the use of forest logging roads, forest clearings, and small structures of forest infrastructure. The questionnaires were created using foreign publications and case studies. The findings of the questionnaire survey indicated that visitors prevailingly believed that the recreational service provided by the area of interest should not be chargeable. The reason for this opinion was mainly the fact that the visitors perceive the forests in the territory of Městské lesy Hradec Králové a.s. as public goods, hence the access to them should be free of charge.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Forests and forestry Soil surveys"
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Fabian, Christopher J. "Application of a digital terrain model for forrest land classification and soil survey." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/4107.
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Thesis (M.S.) University of Missouri-Columbia, 2004.The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file viewed on (June 30, 2006). Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
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Habermann, Birgit. "Ways of knowing of farmers and scientists : tree and soil management in the Ethiopian Highlands." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2014. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/49648/.
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The Ethiopian Highlands have been studied extensively, hosting a large amount of research for development projects in agriculture and forestry over several decades. The encounters in these projects were also encounters of different ways of knowing that were negotiated by the actors meeting in the space provided by the projects. This research explores these encounters and the social worlds they are embedded in, drawing on actor-oriented approaches as well as theories of narratives and framing. Ways of knowing and citizen epistemologies are taken as a lens to understand the role of identities in knowledge production and use. The two case studies were agroforestry research projects in the Ethiopian Highlands. The research followed a range of qualitative and ethnographic research methods. Different types of farmers and scientists meet in the case studies. I recognise that they all have individual agency, nevertheless I use the terms ‘scientist' and ‘farmer' in this thesis. I use the terms to describe certain groups of actors who all draw on different ways of knowing, and different value systems, when interacting with each other and their environment. The results indicate that the importance of social worlds at different scales and the contexts of research projects tend to be underestimated. In spite of good intentions scientific methodologies, terminologies and narratives tend to dominate. Scientists in the case studies acknowledged the existence of farmers' ‘indigenous' knowledge, but they determined the value of knowledge by its scientific applicability and the replicability of experiments. Research systems force the scientists into a certain modus operandi with limited possibilities to experiment and to respond to the complexities and diversities of people's social worlds. Farmers in the case studies preferred observation from their parents, observing from others or the environment as a way of learning and gaining knowledge. Depending on their personalities and their life histories they also relied on alternative ways of knowing rooted in spirituality, emotions and memories. Powerful influences on ways of knowing resulted from the way languages and authority had been used. These often led to the exclusion of marginalised community members from access to knowledge and technologies. Unfortunately, common narratives prevailed in the case studies, and alternative ways of knowing were often marginalised. By acknowledging different ways of knowing and the importance of different social worlds and different ways of doing research, both scientists and farmers could benefit and develop more sustainable pathways for agricultural and forestry land use.
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Newmann, Sarah McCarthy. "Plant-soil feedbacks in temperate and tropical forests." Diss., Connect to online resource - MSU authorized users, 2008.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Michigan State University. Dept. of Forestry Program in Ecology, Evolutionary Biology and Behavior, 2008.Title from PDF t.p. (viewed on July 13, 2009) Includes bibliographical references (p. 170-184). Also issued in print.
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Amichev, Beyhan Y. "Comparison of Techniques for Estimation of Forest Soil Carbon." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/9915.
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Soil organic carbon represents the largest constituent of the global C pool and carbon budgets are studied by researchers and modelers in C cycling, global climate change, and soil quality studies. Pedon and soil interpretation record databases are used with soil and ecological maps to estimate regional SOC even though these databases are rarely complete for surface litter and mineral subsurface horizons.
The first main objective of the project is to improve the ability to produce soil organic carbon estimates from existing spatial soils datasets, such as STATSGO. All records in the STATSGO Layer table that were incomplete or appeared to be incorrectly filled with a null or zero value were considered invalid. Data sorting procedures and texture lookup tables were used to identify exiting correct (valid) data entries that were used to substitute invalid records. STATSGO soil property data were grouped by soil order, MLRA, layer number, and texture to produce replacement values for all invalid data used to calculate mass SOC. Grouping criteria was specific to each variable and was based on texture designations. The resulting filled and unfilled tables were used with procedures assuming Normal and Lognormal distribution of parameters in order to analyze variation of mass SOC estimates caused by using different computation techniques.
We estimated mass SOC to 2 m in Maine and Minnesota using filled and unfilled STATSGO data tables. Up to 54% of the records in Maine and up to 80% of the records in Minnesota contained null or zero values (mostly in fields related to rock fragments) that were replaced. After filling, the database resulted in 1.5 times higher area-weighted SOC. SOC calculated using the Normal distribution assumption were 1.2 to 1.5 times higher than those using the Lognormal transformation. SOC maps using the filled tables had more logical geographic SOC distribution than those using unfilled tables.
The USDA Forest Service collects and maintains detailed inventory data for the condition and trends of all forested lands in the United States. A wide range of researchers and landowners use the resulting Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) database for analytical and decision making tasks. FIA data is available to the public in transformed or aggregate format in order to ensure confidentiality of data suppliers.
The second main objective of this project was to compute SOC (kg m-2) results by FIA forest type and forest type group for three depth categories (25 cm, 1 m, and 2 m) at a regional scale for the 48 contiguous United States. There were four sets of results derived from the filled STATSGO and FIA datasets for each depth class by region: (1) SOC computed by the Lognormal distribution approach for (1a) all soil orders, (1b) without Histosols; and (2) SOC computed by the Normal distribution approach for (2a) all soil orders, (2b) without Histosols.
Two spatial forest cover datasets were relevant to this project, FIA and AVHRR. We investigated the effects of FIA inventory data masking for Maine and Minnesota, such as plot coordinates rounding to the nearest 100 arc-second, and the use of 1 km resolution satellite-derived forest cover classes from AVHRR data, on SOC estimates to 2 m by forest type group. SOC estimates by soil mapping unit were derived from fixed STATSGO database tables and were computed by the Lognormal distribution approach including all soil orders.
The methods in this study can be used for a variety of ecological and resource inventory assessments and the automated procedures can be easily updated and improved for future uses. The procedures in this study point out areas that could benefit the most during future revisions of STATSGO. The resulting SOC maps are dynamic and can be rapidly redrawn using GIS whenever STATSGO spatial or tabular data undergo updating. Use of pedon data to define representative values for all properties in all STATSGO layers and correlation of STATSGO layers to soil horizons will lead to vast improvement of the STATSGO Layer table and promote its use for mass SOC estimation over large regions.Master of Science
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Hart, Tim. "Stem profile equations for several commercially important timber species in Wisconsin /." Link to full text, 2009. http://epapers.uwsp.edu/thesis/2009/Hart.pdf.
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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Stevens Point, 2009.Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the degree Master of Science in Natural Resources (Forestry), College of Natural Resources. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 82-87).
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Stum, Alexander Knell. "Random Forests Applied as a Soil Spatial Predictive Model in Arid Utah." DigitalCommons@USU, 2010. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/736.
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Initial soil surveys are incomplete for large tracts of public land in the western USA. Digital soil mapping offers a quantitative approach as an alternative to traditional soil mapping. I sought to predict soil classes across an arid to semiarid watershed of western Utah by applying random forests (RF) and using environmental covariates derived from Landsat 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) and digital elevation models (DEM). Random forests are similar to classification and regression trees (CART). However, RF is doubly random. Many (e.g., 500) weak trees are grown (trained) independently because each tree is trained with a new randomly selected bootstrap sample, and a random subset of variables is used to split each node. To train and validate the RF trees, 561 soil descriptions were made in the field. An additional 111 points were added by case-based reasoning using aerial photo interpretation. As RF makes classification decisions from the mode of many independently grown trees, model uncertainty can be derived. The overall out of the bag (OOB) error was lower without weighting of classes; weighting increased the overall OOB error and the resulting output did not reflect soil-landscape relationships observed in the field. The final RF model had an OOB error of 55.2% and predicted soils on landforms consistent with soil-landscape relationships. The OOB error for individual classes typically decreased with increasing class size. In addition to the final classification, I determined the second and third most likely classification, model confidence, and the hypothetical extent of individual classes. Pixels that had high possibility of belonging to multiple soil classes were aggregated using a minimum confidence value based on limiting soil features, which is an effective and objective method of determining membership in soil map unit associations and complexes mapped at the 1:24,000 scale. Variables derived from both DEM and Landsat 7 ETM+ sources were important for predicting soil classes based on Gini and standard measures of variable importance and OOB errors from groves grown with exclusively DEM- or Landsat-derived data. Random forests was a powerful predictor of soil classes and produced outputs that facilitated further understanding of soil-landscape relationships.
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Brown, Ian K. "Wisconsin statewide urban forest assessment : development and implementation /." Link to full text, 2007. http://epapers.uwsp.edu/thesis/2007/Brown.pdf.
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Holmström, Hampus. "Data acquisition for forestry planning by remote sensing based sample plot imputation /." Umeå : Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences (Sveriges lantbruksuniv.), 2001. http://epsilon.slu.se/avh/2001/91-576-6086-7.pdf.
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Schelling, Lisa R. "Soil seed banks in mixed oak forests in Southeastern Ohio." Ohio : Ohio University, 2006. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1141850222.
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Abdo, Maria Teresa Vilela Nogueira [UNESP]. "Caracterização da vegetação arbórea e atributos do solo da Reserva Biológica de Pindorama, SP." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/105249.
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abdo_mtvn_dr_jabo.pdf: 2025109 bytes, checksum: 89f5bff247436d6f48c4411240545115 (MD5)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
O Pólo Regional de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico do Agronegócio da Região Centro Norte em Pindorama, SP, com 532,8 ha possui quatro fragmentos florestais distribuídos em 120 ha classificados como floresta tropical estacional semidecidual do bioma Mata Atlântica. Transformados em Reserva Biológica (Lei Estadual nº 4960/86) detêm grande diversidade das espécies de ocorrência regional. O presente trabalho teve por objetivo caracterizar a vegetação arbórea de dois fragmentos pertencentes à Reserva Biológica de Pindorama - SP e sua possível variação florística e estrutural decorrente dos atributos de solos, de relevo, distância da borda e infestação da área. Foram demarcados dois transectos com parcelas sequenciais de 20 m x 20 m em fragmentos e solos distintos. Foi realizado um levantamento planialtimétrico usando as variáveis: declividade, altitude e disposição das parcelas ao longo do transecto. Foi sorteado um quadrante de 10 m x 10 m por parcela, para realizar as avaliações de granulometria e fertilidade do solo, bem como de identificação e classificação dos indivíduos arbóreos com diâmetro a altura do peito (DAP) ≥ 5,0 cm e dos seguintes descritores fitossociológicos: frequência, dominância e densidades relativas e absolutas, valor de importância (VI), Índice de Diversidade de Shannon (H`), Coeficiente de Equabilidade de Pielou (J) e o Índice de Similaridade de Jaccard (ISJ) entre as duas áreas. Em cada parcela de 20 m x 20 m foi avaliado o grau de infestação por plantas invasoras, a altura, o DAP, a área basal, e o distanciamento da borda das quatro maiores árvores. A caracterização da vegetação arbórea foi feita com o uso de análises estatísticas multivariadas dos dados obtidos. O Índice de Diversidade de Shannon (H’) calculado foi 3,38 para as duas áreas e se encontra dentro da média para fragmentos de...
The Pólo Regional Centro Norte in Pindorama, SP, has a 120 hectares area constituted of forest remainders transformed into Biological Reserve by the law nº 4960/86 since a great diversity of regional occurrence species was withhold. These forest remainders are classified as seasonal semi-deciduous tropical forest of the Atlantic Forest biome. This work aimed carry out a phytosociological survey of two toposequences in different remainders and its possible soil attributes due variation and relief. To such work two transects were demarcated with sequential parcels of 20 m x 20 m. A topographic survey was carried out using the following variables: slope, height and localization of the plots throughout the profile. A quadrant of 10 m x 10 m was chosen randomly in each parcel and in its area an evaluation of the physical and chemical soil attributes using samples in the 0-20 cm depth composed of 20 sub-samples. In this quadrant the individuals with breast height diameter (DBH) ≥ 5,0 cm were identified, marked, classified and their phytosociology describers calculated: relative and absolute frequency and densities, value of importance (VI), Shannon Diversity Index (H `), Equability (J) and the Jaccard Similarity Index (ISJ) between the two areas. For each parcel the degree of weeds was evaluated adopting ten classes according the infestation percentage varying from null to very high. The hierarchic grouping test based on the soil physical and chemical attributes allowed a division in five groups of parcels. For each group the average values of each characteristic were determined, as well as recalculated the diversity species index, equability and the similarity between the groups index. It could be concluded that the hierarchic method grouping analysis showed efficient to separate groups of phytosociology sampling parcels in seasonal semi-deciduous tropical forest when it was ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Books on the topic "Forests and forestry Soil surveys"
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Soil resource surveys for forestry: Soil, terrain, and site mapping in boreal and temperate forests. Oxford [Oxfordshire]: Clarendon Press, 1986.
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Streit, M. Fast growing forests soil survey standards. [Toronto?]: Ministry of Natural Resources, 1987.
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Singhal, R. M. Soil and vegetation studies in forests. Dehra Dun: Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education, 1996.
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Curran, Michael Patrick. Silviculture prescription data collection field handbook: Interpretive guide for data collection, site stratification, and sensitivity evaluation for silviculture prescriptions. Victoria: British Columbia, Ministry of Forests, Research Program, 2000.
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Moon, D. Land resource inventory of Mill and Woodfibre Creeks, British Columbia. [Ottawa]: Research Branch, Agriculture Canada, 1988.
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Nesser, John A. Soil Survey of Bighorn National Forest, Wyoming. [Washington, D.C.?]: The Service, 1986.
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Davis, Carl E. Soil survey of Gallatin National Forest, Montana. [Washington, D.C.?]: Forest Service, 1996.
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Sirucek, Dean. Soil survey of Helena National Forest Area, Montana. [Washington, D.C.?]: Forest Service, 2001.
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Cerutti, James R. Soil survey of Warren and Forest Counties, Pennsylvania. [Washington, D.C.?]: The Service, 1985.
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Sirucek, Dean. Soil survey of Helena National Forest Area, Montana. [Washington, D.C.?]: Forest Service, 2001.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Forests and forestry Soil surveys"
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Roth, Dennis. "Soil Survey and the U.S. Forest Service." In Profiles in the History of the U.S. Soil Survey, 191–214. Ames, Iowa, USA: Iowa State Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470376959.ch7.
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Tamminen, Pekka, and Michael R. Starr. "A Survey of Forest Soil Properties Related to Soil Acidification in Southern Finland." In Acidification in Finland, 235–51. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-75450-0_12.
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"Improving soil quality for urban forests." In Routledge Handbook of Urban Forestry, 309–22. London ; New York : Routledge, 2017.: Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315627106-21.
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Dudal, R. "Soils of Southeast Asia." In The Physical Geography of Southeast Asia. Oxford University Press, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199248025.003.0016.
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Towards the end of the nineteenth century, with the advent of soil science, soils of the humid tropics were recognized as a separate entity called ‘tropical forest lateritic soils’. The term ‘lateritic’ was derived from laterite (Latin later, brick), a term coined by Buchanan (1807) to describe an iron-rich clay from south India which, when hardened upon exposure, was used as building material. Originally it was thought that laterite represented soil formations throughout the humid tropics, hence the generalization of the name to all red soils in the region. The great diversity of the tropical soils was realized only around the 1930s along with the limited areal occupation of laterite in the tropics. It was actually in Southeast Asia that Vageler (1930) and Mohr (1944) wrote the first two books on tropical soils, based essentially on their study of soils in Indonesia. The two volumes of Mohr’s book were published in Dutch in 1934–8. The English translation appeared in 1944. They attempted to classify soils of the tropics according to thickness, degree of weathering, parent material, and fertility. The understanding of the morphology, genesis, and distribution of soils in Southeast Asia evolved with the establishment and development of soil surveys in different countries of the region from the 1950s. A first overview was prepared by Dudal and Moormann (1964), using the 1938 and 1960 soil classification systems of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) (Baldwin, Kellogg, and Thorp 1938; Soil Survey Staff 1960). A revised version was in place by 1974 (Dudal, Moormann, and Riquier 1974). Preparation of a soil map of the world at a scale of 1:5 million started in 1961 at the initiative of the Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations (FAO), UNESCO, and the International Society of Soil Science (ISSS). In 1974 a unified soil classification was prepared and published (FAO 1974). A volume was specifically devoted to Southeast Asia (FAO 1979). The present chapter is based on this publication, and reference should be made to it and the accompanying map (1:5 million) for detailed information about the soils of the region.
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Aide, Michael, Indi Braden, and Christine Aide. "Integrating Ecological Site Descriptions with Soil Morphology to Optimize Forest Management: Three Missouri Case Studies." In Environmental Management [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.97251.
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Academics and University Extension personnel have experience with soil mapping and providing soil suitability interpretations; however, a more efficient information conveyance to land custodians is desired to support informative land management applications. In the USA each state, in concert with the United States Department of Agriculture, has embarked on developing an online format linking soil survey with ecological site descriptions to provide information for forest and rangeland management to encourage soil protection - health and optimizing ecological services on individual land parcels. In this Missouri-based manuscript, we discuss three cases where soils and their associated ecological site descriptions provide land custodians information concerning their logical reference state vegetation community and detail land management decisions that transform the reference vegetation community to a different vegetation community. With each case, landscapes and their associated vegetations communities are potentially partitioned by soil, physiography, hydrology, and other attributes.
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Nava, Alejandro. "On Hebrew Soul." In In Search of Soul. University of California Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/california/9780520293533.003.0003.
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This chapter begins with a consideration of the terminology of nephesh in the Hebrew Bible, and also explores the meaning of this concept from a more elevated, bird's-eye perspective—one that surveys the dense, tangled forest of the soul from a literary and narrative perspective. Because the concept of the soul is the product of a story—a “living book” as Teresa of Ávila said—this chapter attempts to unspool the narrative threads of this story, with a specific focus on the way the Bible commingles tragedy and comedy and hence weaves together its drama with high and low strands of thought. The result is a pattern that features, in bold color, the sensibilities of the outcast, the outsider, and the downtrodden, so that if one can speak of the heart and soul of the Bible, it will be found in the Bible's predilection for these themes.
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Nolan, Andrew J. "From Rum to Recording Forest Soils via the Soil Survey of Scotland: a Life of Fieldwork." In Curious about Nature, 284–89. Cambridge University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/9781108552172.040.
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Neary, Daniel G. "Advances in nutrient and water management in forestry: monitoring, maintaining, and restoring soil health." In Achieving sustainable management of boreal and temperate forests, 413–46. Burleigh Dodds Science Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.19103/as.2019.0057.16.
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Veech, Joseph A. "Analysis of the Habitat Associations of a Hypothetical Beetle Species." In Habitat Ecology and Analysis, 117–34. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198829287.003.0008.
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A dataset for a hypothetical ground-dwelling beetle species is used to illustrate five methods of habitat analysis: (1) comparison of group means, (2) multiple linear regression, (3) multiple logistic regression, (4) classification and regression trees, and (5) principal components analysis. The dataset consists of abundance (counts of individuals) recorded in each of 100 small survey plots located throughout forested study sites. The following environmental predictor variables were measured in each plot: percentage canopy cover, depth of leaf litter, volume of woody debris, ratio of oak to non-oak trees, and soil type. Techniques for assessing normality of each variable and multicollinearity among variables are discussed and recommended prior to conducting the habitat analysis. Assumptions, strengths, and weaknesses of each method are discussed.
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"Landscape Influences on Stream Habitats and Biological Assemblages." In Landscape Influences on Stream Habitats and Biological Assemblages, edited by Thomas Woodcock, Timothy Mihuc, Edwin Romanowicz, and Eileen Allen. American Fisheries Society, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781888569766.ch19.
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<em>Abstract.</em>—Catchment characteristics and land-use practices can affect stream habitats at a variety of spatial scales. A suite of variables describing catchment geomorphology (area, circularity, slope, elevation, soil depth, surficial geology), surface water hydrology (drainage density, water velocity, Froude number), and patch (channel) habitat (slope, bank-full width, water depth, substrate particle size, stored and transported organic matter, transported inorganic sediment) were determined using a geographic information systems and field surveys in 19 upland Adirondack catchments (New York, USA) with differing land uses (New York Forest Preserve [Preserve] versus logging). Surber samples of macroinvertebrate assemblages and stored organic matter were collected in July 2003. Catchment geomorphology was similar between land-use types. However, Preserve streams tended to have deeper and wider channels, despite steeper channel slopes, while logged streams had more stored organic matter and finer substrate particles. We collected 177 macroinvertebrate taxa from the streams, and taxa richness was significantly reduced in logged catchments (<em>p </em>= 0.006). Twenty-seven taxa occurred more frequently in Preserve sites, while nine taxa occurred more commonly in logged streams (chi-square, <em>p </em>< 0.10). Distributions of these taxa were related to water quantity, channel geomorphology, and particle size at the patch scale and circularity, drainage patterns, and sediment load at the reach scale. The presence and absence of invertebrate taxa across the Adirondack landscape was controlled mainly by a combination of catchment-scale geomorphic and anthropogenic (forest management) factors. Patch-scale factors, although influenced by their catchments, had less effect on distributions.
Conference papers on the topic "Forests and forestry Soil surveys"
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Gourlay, Sydney. "Sensors for Soil Health: The Evolution of Soil Technologies and Integration with Household Surveys." In 2019 IEEE International Workshop on Metrology for Agriculture and Forestry (MetroAgriFor). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/metroagrifor.2019.8909280.
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Vinogradovs, Ivo, Oļģerts Nikodemus, Guntis Tabors, Imants Krūze, and Didzis Elferts. "ASSESSMENT OF FACTORS OF LANDSCAPE CHANGE IN MOSAIC TYPE LANDSCAPE: A CASE STUDY OF VIDZEME, LATVIA." In Conference for Junior Researchers „Science – Future of Lithuania“. VGTU Technika, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/aainz.2016.31.
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Landscape change has been extensively documented throughout rural Europe over the past decades. The dominating tendencies are intensification of agriculture and land marginalization. In territories of former USSR radical land use changes have shattered rural landscape structure throughout the 20th century, which in many cases have led to land marginalization in form of abandonment of agricultural lands and subsequent uncontrolled afforestation. This process is especially evident in mosaic type landscapes – landscapes of small intertwining structure of patches of agricultural land and forests. The paper presents the results of the study based on application of multinomial logistic regression and cross-analysis using binary logistic regression in R of important physical factors of landscape structure such as land quality, soil texture, slope, as well as land use patch size. Additionally certain human induced factors such as distance to closest paved road, cadastral plot size and availability of Single Area Payments are added for more accurate assessment of the driving forces of landscape change and possible vectors for supplementary studies. Data was gathered in intensive field surveys combined with analysis of high quality remotely sensed data. Results show strong interrelationship of several analyzed factors and thus calls for attention to further development of methodology.
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KAVALIAUSKAS, Marius, Edgaras LINKEVIČIUS, Donatas JONIKAVIČIUS, and Kornelija KOKANKAITĖ. "PUBLIC OPINION ANALYSIS ON STATE FOREST MANAGEMENT: STUDY AREA IN KAIŠIADORYS MUNICIPALITY." In Rural Development 2015. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2015.043.
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The relation between public and forest changes during the time. Public opinion and interests has considerable influence on decision making regarding forestry. Half of Lithuania’s forests (circa 1.1 mill. ha) has state forest status and are managed by state forest enterprises (SFEs) under confidence rights. One of the most important strategic aims for SFEs is to meet public needs. Yet, public opinion and forestry facts mismatches. Therefore, this study aims to analyse prevailing opinion on forestry practices in state forests managed by Kaišiadorių SFE that are located in Kaišiadoriai municipality. The sociological survey methodology was applied that was conducted involving respondents representing inhabitants over 18th years old. Data was analysed by conducting frequency analysis. Results showed incorrect public opinion concerning with increase of forest coverage, sustainable cutting intensity and increasing environmental consideration. According to opinion of the respondents, the quality of the forests, afforestation and forest sanitary was well improved by Kaišiadorių SFE. It was determined the demand to develop more recreation infrastructure objects in Kaišiadorys municipality forests. The comparison between surveys conducted in 2007 and 2014 showed increasing amount of public that was quite well informed on forestry issues. Also, it determined changes in information sources concerning forestry. Results of the research stressed the necessity of the long-term strategy for the information dissemination.
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Bonasif, Jorge. "The Deficient Harvesting Rainwater System in Kuala Lumpur and the Human-made Water Pollution Conditions." In Environmental Engineering. VGTU Technika, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/enviro.2017.070.
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Rainwater harvesting is a method to collect water from rain, in forms such as direct from the roof, tanks deposits, ponds or artificial lakes. In the city of Kuala Lumpur (1.7 million inhabitants) the process has in consideration flash flood, river pollution, soil erosion. With an annual rainfall of 2486 mm, and build-up area reaching 1663.23 km2 in 2014 while forest area has suffered reductions of 8.3% in 2014. The paper examines the conditions that exert pressure in the infrastructure of Kuala Lumpur whose center has experienced an increase in the number of violent flooding yet at the same time prevent an effective harvesting of stormwater. The primary methodology used is consultation of the available literature, journals, published reports, interview with experts and survey at impacted neighbourhoods. A secondary source of information is the observation in situ with a sample case, to help to support the validation of the conclusions. The deficiency in the control of the flooding system in a negative correlation to the city’s development. This fact is related to the insufficient drainage system, narrowed stretches in rivers, low prices of water, and the lack of an adequate incentive policies and low volume of information to the population.
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Ferioli, Jose´ Fernando M., and Fernando Borja Pereira. "Unconventional Procedure for Purging a Crack-Weakened Pipeline." In 2002 4th International Pipeline Conference. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2002-27194.
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The Arauca´ria to Paranagua´ Pipeline (OLAPA) owned by PETROBRAS, was built in 1976 in Parana´ State, Brazil, connecting an oil refinery nearby the city of Curitiba to a marine terminal near Paranagua´ Seaport. The pipeline had been operating normally for 25 years, moving liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) and diesel fuel to the refinery as well as petrochemical Naphtha and light cycle oil (LCO) in the opposite direction. The second week of February 2001 came along with heavy and continuous summer rain on Parana´ State most of which on a hilly terrain portion crossed by the pipeline, currently regarded as an environment preservation area of the Atlantic Rain Forest. On 16th day, that same month, while the line was on shut in condition, a hardly noticeable landslide across the right-of-way led the pipeline to the complete rupture, succeeded by product spill. Further analysis on the rupture section pointed to circumferential cracks caused by axial stress induced by a slow and steady slide on the adjacent soil. Surveys on other regions possibly affected by similar soil movement on the right-of-way warned operations staff that there could be more weakened sections along the pipeline, therefore pipe failures and product spill might still happen due to the continuation of the rainy season. Product removal became required to avoid environmental threats. The purging procedure should meet two main constrains, i.e., minimize pressure and volume flow through the identified risky locations. This paper describes the planning and execution of such purging process, tailored for a weakened pipeline on an environmental sensitive area, adopting unconventional methods to move liquid products upward high steeps, considering restrains to operational pressures around one third of normal values.
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Ivanovs, Janis, Toms Stals, and Santa Kaleja. "Impact of the use of existing ditch vector data on soil moisture predictions." In Research for Rural Development 2020. Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/rrd.26.2020.036.
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Wet soils play an important role in hydrological, biological and chemical processes, and knowledge on their spatial distribution is essential in forestry, agriculture and similar fields. Digital elevation models (DEM) and various hydrological indexes are used to perform water runoff and accumulation processes. The prerequisite for the calculation of the hydrological indexes is the most accurate representation of the Earth’s surface in the DEM, which must be corrected as necessary to remove surface artifacts that create a dam effect. In addition, different resolutions for DEM give different results, so it is necessary to evaluate what resolution data is needed for a particular study. The aim of this study is to evaluate the feasibility of using existing ditch vector data for DEM correction and the resulting implications for soil moisture prediction. Applied methodology uses a network of available ditch vectors and creates gaps in the overlapping parts of the DEM. The data were processed using open source GIS software QGIS, GRASS GIS and Whitebox GAT. Ditch vector data were obtained from JSC Latvian State Forests and the Latvian Geospatial Information Agency. The results show that by applying the bottomless ditch approach in forest lands on moraine deposits, depending on the accuracy of the ditch vector data, the values of the prediction of the soil wetness both increase and decrease. On the other hand, in forest lands on graciolimnic sediments it is visible that predicted soil wetness values increase in the close proximity of ditches. For forest lands on glaciofluvial and eolitic sediments there were no visible changes because of lack of ditches.
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KARLOVSKA, Amanda, Inga GRĪNFELDE, Ina ALSIŅA, Gints PRIEDĪTIS, and Daina ROZE. "PLANT REFLECTED SPECTRA DEPENDING ON BIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND GROWTH CONDITIONS." In Rural Development 2015. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2015.045.
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Sustainable and economically based forestry needs modern inventory and monitoring techniques. One of the most common technologies for identification of forest tree species and monitoring of forest growth conditions is the hyperspectral remote sensing. This technology gives an opportunity to economize human resources and time for data collecting and processing. The spectral behaviour of plant leaves depends on number of factors, including environmental background. The aim of this study was to assess the tree reflectance spectra in relation to the growth conditions to take into account potential differences for increasing precision of species identification in Latvian forests and for estimating of forest growth conditions. Remote sensing data were obtained using a specialized aircraft (Pilatus PC-6), which is equipped with a high-performance airborne VNIR pushbroom hyperspectral system (AisaEAGLE). The study area was flown at 1000 m altitude. Data was recorded in the 400–970 nm spectral range, spectral resolution was 3.3 nm, ground resolution 0.5 m. Data processing consisted of manually selecting trees with a recognizable tree crowns in the airborne images. Tree centres were adjusted by putting them in the accurate position according to the situation in aerial photography. All trees with a diameter at breast height DBH of more than 5 cm were measured and for each tree coordinates, its species, height, DBH, crown width and length were recorded. Differentially corrected Global Positioning System measurements were used to determine the position of each plot centre. Data from different hyperspectral bands were compared using ANOVA at confidence level 95 %. Four species: Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) H. Karst), silver birch (Betula pendula Roth), and European aspen (Populus tremula L.) – were examined in distinct forest site types. The spectral response of studied species was 1) different between species and 2) different between site types within each species, correlating with soil fertility gradient and soil moisture gradient. Differences between species occurred most in the intensity of reflected electromagnetic radiation rather than distinctive locations of maximums or minimums in spectrum curve, and near infrared (NIR) region of spectrum showed more differences between species than visible light zone. Most informative wavebands for distinguishing differences between site types were 805 nm and 644 nm.
Reports on the topic "Forests and forestry Soil surveys"
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Phuong, Vu Tan, Nguyen Van Truong, Do Trong Hoan, Hoang Nguyen Viet Hoa, and Nguyen Duy Khanh. Understanding tree-cover transitions, drivers and stakeholders’ perspectives for effective landscape governance: a case study of Chieng Yen Commune, Son La Province, Viet Nam. World Agroforestry, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5716/wp21023.pdf.
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Integrated landscape management for sustainable livelihoods and positive environmental outcomes has been desired by many developing countries, especially for mountainous areas where agricultural activities, if not well managed, will likely degrade vulnerable landscapes. This research was an attempt to characterize the landscape in Chieng Yen Commune, Son La Province in Northwest Viet Nam to generate knowledge and understanding of local conditions and to propose a workable governance mechanism to sustainably manage the landscape. ICRAF, together with national partners — Vietnamese Academy of Forest Sciences, Soil and Fertilizer Research Institute — and local partners — Son La Department of Agriculture and Rural Development, Son La Department of Natural Resources and Environment, Chieng Yen Commune People’s Committee — conducted rapid assessments in the landscape, including land-use mapping, land-use characterization, a household survey and participatory landscape assessment using an ecosystem services framework. We found that the landscape and peoples’ livelihoods are at risk from the continuous degradation of forest and agricultural land, and declining productivity, ecosystem conditions and services. Half of households live below the poverty line with insufficient agricultural production for subsistence. Unsustainable agricultural practices and other livelihood activities are causing more damage to the forest. Meanwhile, existing forest and landscape governance mechanisms are generally not inclusive of local community engagement. Initial recommendations are provided, including further assessment to address current knowledge gaps.
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Venäläinen, Ari, Sanna Luhtala, Mikko Laapas, Otto Hyvärinen, Hilppa Gregow, Mikko Strahlendorff, Mikko Peltoniemi, et al. Sää- ja ilmastotiedot sekä uudet palvelut auttavat metsäbiotaloutta sopeutumaan ilmastonmuutokseen. Finnish Meteorological Institute, January 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.35614/isbn.9789523361317.
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Climate change will increase weather induced risks to forests, and thus effective adaptation measures are needed. In Säätyö project funded by the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, we have summarized the data that facilitate adaptation measures, developed weather and climate services that benefit forestry, and mapped what kind of new weather and climate services are needed in forestry. In addition, we have recorded key further development needs to promote adaptation. The Säätyö project developed a service product describing the harvesting conditions of trees based on the soil moisture assessment. The output includes an analysis of the current situation and a 10-day forecast. In the project we also tested the usefulness of long forecasts beyond three months. The weather forecasting service is sidelined and supplemented by another co-operation project between the Finnish Meteorological Institute and Metsäteho called HarvesterSeasons (https://harvesterseasons.com/). The HarvesterSeasons service utilizes long-term forecasts of up to 6 months to assess terrain bearing conditions. A test version of a wind damage risk tool was developed in cooperation with the Department of Forest Sciences of the University of Eastern Finland and the Finnish Meteorological Institute. It can be used to calculate the wind speeds required in a forest area for wind damage (falling trees). It is currently only suitable for researcher use. In the Säätyö project the possibility of locating the most severe wind damage areas immediately after a storm was also tested. The method is based on the spatial interpolation of wind observations. The method was used to analyze storms that caused forest damages in the summer and fall of 2020. The produced maps were considered illustrative and useful to those responsible for compiling the situational picture. The accumulation of snow on tree branches, can be modeled using weather data such as rainfall, temperature, air humidity, and wind speed. In the Säätyö project, the snow damage risk assessment model was further developed in such a way that, in addition to the accumulated snow load amount, the characteristics of the stand and the variations in terrain height were also taken into account. According to the verification performed, the importance of abiotic factors increased under extreme snow load conditions (winter 2017-2018). In ordinary winters, the importance of biotic factors was emphasized. According to the comparison, the actual snow damage could be explained well with the tested model. In the interviews and workshop, the uses of information products, their benefits, the conditions for their introduction and development opportunities were mapped. According to the results, diverse uses and benefits of information products and services were seen. Information products would make it possible to develop proactive forest management, which would reduce the economic costs caused by wind and snow damages. A more up-to-date understanding of harvesting conditions, enabled by information products, would enhance the implementation of harvesting and harvesting operations and the management of timber stocks, as well as reduce terrain, trunk and root damage. According to the study, the introduction of information is particularly affected by the availability of timeliness. Although the interviewees were not currently willing to pay for the information products developed in the project, the interviews highlighted several suggestions for the development of information products, which could make it possible to commercialize them.