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Journal articles on the topic 'Forêts – Inde'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 3 February 2022

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1

Agrawal, Arun. "Communautés, gouvernement intime et sujets de l’environnement au Kumaon, Inde." Anthropologie et Sociétés 29, no. 1 (November 18, 2005): 21–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/011739ar.

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RésuméLe présent article examine la formation des subjectivités environnementales au Kumaon, dans l’État d’Uttar Pradesh, en Inde. Il s’attarde sur l’exemple d’une gestion communautaire de la forêt qui a débuté il y a 70 ans et montre comment des stratégies de réglementation associées à une prise de décisions collective transforment également les convictions et les positions des sujets qui prennent part à ces activités de régulation. L’expérience de la rareté, les responsabilités associées au gouvernement des forêts et la participation à l’élaboration de règles ont une influence déterminante sur les personnes qui en viennent, à la longue, à se considérer comme des sujets de l’environnement. L’étude se fonde sur des données d’archives et sur les résultats d’une recherche ethnographique effectuée à deux périodes distinctes.

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2

Peltier, Regis. "Quelle place pour l’agroforesterie dans l’avenir des forêts tropicales ?" BOIS & FORETS DES TROPIQUES 341 (August 20, 2019): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.19182/bft2019.341.a31769.

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Avec une population estimée à dix milliards d’habitants dans quelques décennies, l’avenir du monde intertropical sera obligatoirement entre les mains des êtres humains. Ceux-ci protégeront une petite partie des forêts dites naturelles afin d’essayer d’y conserver la biodiversité qu’elles abritent ; ils géreront de façon plus productive une autre partie, ce qui passera très probablement par une simplification de leur diversité, dans la mesure où l’on favorisera les espèces les plus productives, les plus faciles à régénérer et dont les produits seront faciles à industrialiser et à vendre.Et entre la forêt protégée et la forêt aménagée, que restera-t-il ? Des plantations monospécifiques de bananiers, de riz, de cacaoyers, de coton ? Mais alors, comment les espaces forestiers pourront-ils évoluer en échangeant du matériel génétique, s’adapter aux changements climatiques, résister aux maladies nouvelles, etc. ?Les écologues estiment que la forêt ne pourra survivre que s’il existe des liens de continuité entre les massifs forestiers. La connectivité écologique ne pourra que très rarement être assurée par des corridors forestiers continus. L’existence d’îlots forestiers discontinus mais proches et à distance régulière permet le passage en « pas japonais » de nombreuses espèces végétales et animales, mais pas de toutes. Les micro-organismes et la macrofaune des sols forestiers ne peuvent se déplacer qu’à la condition d’une certaine continuité dans la trame arborée. Celle-ci n’est possible que par la présence d’arbres dans les zones cultivées, voire urbanisées. L’agroforesterie est la voie la plus prometteuse pour assurer cette continuité écologique.L’agroforesterie consiste à associer des arbres avec l’agriculture et/ou l’élevage, au niveau des parcelles, des exploitations ou des paysages. Les systèmes traditionnels, à faibles niveaux d’intrants, étaient et sont encore agroforestiers ; mais l’agriculture industrielle à hauts niveaux d’intrants (cf. mécanisation du travail, apport d’engrais, d’herbicides, de semences très améliorées, voire génétiquement modifiées) a, en général, exclu l’arbre des parcelles.Aujourd’hui, de nombreux agronomes, pastoralistes et forestiers travaillent ensemble pour appuyer techniquement et politiquement le retour des arbres dans l’espace agricole et pastoral.La diffusion à grande échelle de méthodes standardisées, mises au point en station de recherche, a rarement marché en milieu tropical. Par exemple, la culture en couloirs, mise au point par l’Icraf1 dans ses stations du Kenya au cours des années 1980, n’a pas été adoptée par les agriculteurs. Elle nécessitait trop de travail pour rabattre régulièrement les rejets d’arbres et limiter le développement de leurs racines, sans résoudre le problème de l’acidification des sols.Croire que l’agroforesterie permettra de stopper les défrichements forestiers par les agriculteurs essarteurs (sur abattis-brûlis) est également une erreur d’analyse. Il est certes vrai que l’agroforesterie permet aux agriculteurs qui la pratiquent de récolter chez eux de nombreux produits qu’ils récoltaient autrefois en forêt ; elle facilite également la culture continue sur le même sol, sans avoir à défricher de nouvelles forêts. Cependant, tant que les gouvernements laisseront les agriculteurs s’approprier des terres en défrichant la forêt publique, puis en la brûlant et en la mettant en culture, ceux-ci continueront à utiliser cette pratique qui permet d’étendre son capital foncier et de cultiver, avec peu de travail et une bonne production, pendant au moins une trentaine d’années.Les systèmes agroforestiers, qui permettent de répondre à presque tous les besoins d’une famille sur une surface limitée, nécessitent une bonne technicité pour limiter les concurrences entre espèces végétales et animales, récolter les différents produits – il est par exemple difficile d’abattre un arbre, pour en récolter son bois, sans écraser les cultures associées – et demandent un travail soutenu. C’est pourquoi les systèmes agroforestiers les plus performants se rencontrent dans les pays où la densité de la population rurale est la plus forte et où les forêts ont disparu (lakous d’Haïti, jardins agroforestiers de Java, bocage Bamilèkè et parcs arborés sur terrasses Kapsiki au Cameroun). Les résultats les plus probants, en matière de diffusion des systèmes agroforestiers au cours des trois dernières décennies, résultent du respect de modalités présentées ci-après :- L’accès aux forêts est limité, soit de fait lorsqu’il n’en existe plus, soit par décision du gouvernement qui met des forêts « sous cloche », en créant des forêts protégées définitivement (parcs et réserves) ou temporairement (capital foncier pour l’avenir), ce gouvernement ayant les moyens de faire appliquer cette politique, ce qui est très rarement le cas (ex. : Costa Rica, certains États de l’Inde).- On apporte une subvention durable aux agriculteurs qui conservent de jeunes arbres pour restaurer ou étendre leurs systèmes agroforestiers. C’est le cas de l’extension des parcs à Faidherbia albida au Nord-Cameroun, la subvention étant financée par un prélèvement sur la vente du coton. Également, les agroforestiers sont subventionnés pour les services écosystémiques qu’ils rendent à une communauté solvable ; tel est le cas des têtes de bassins versants approvisionnant une ville en eau en Inde ou au Costa Rica. En dehors des zones tropicales, ailleurs dans le monde, la plantation de haies bocagères est financée, notamment par la PAC2 en Europe.- On valorise les produits issus des systèmes agroforestiers en leur donnant des labels, qui permettent de les vendre plus cher à des consommateurs engagés (cas du café bio et équitable et du bois d’œuvre au Nicaragua).- On sécurise le foncier, ce qui garantit à l’agriculteur que les arbres qu’il plante pourront être récoltés par lui ou ses héritiers (exemple de la loi Gestion locale sécurisée, à Madagascar).- On encourage chaque agroforestier à adapter le système à ses possibilités (conditions écologiques, sociales, économiques) et à son accès aux marchés. Par exemple, dans l’Ouest-Cameroun, les agriculteurs éliminent de leurs haies des arbres devenus sans valeur (exemple : ficus producteurs de fibres végétales) pour les remplacer par des fruitiers ou des arbres producteurs de bois de sculpture et de menuiserie, de plus en plus recherchés en ville.Sans être une panacée qui permettra de bloquer le défrichement des forêts, l’agroforesterie est une nécessité absolue pour assurer aux populations du monde tropical une partie des biens et des services qui étaient autrefois rendus par les forêts. Par ailleurs, elle permettra aux forêts conservées d’être moins sollicitées par les populations, et elle contribuera à assurer leur survie à long terme, en facilitant le flux et l’évolution des ressources génétiques forestières.

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3

Gueulou, Nina, Brahima Coulibaly, Noufou Doudjo Ouattara, Anatole Kanga N'guessan, Assandé Ahoba, and Adama Bakayoko. "Modes de gestion et efficacité de conservation des reliques de forêts naturelles en zone tropicale sèche : cas du Département de Korhogo (Nord, Côte d’Ivoire)." International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences 13, no. 7 (February 13, 2020): 3332–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijbcs.v13i7.28.

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L’étude a été réalisée dans trois îlots de forêts naturelles caractérisées par trois différents modes de gestion dans les zones sèches de Côte d’Ivoire. Son objectif est d’évaluer la composition et la diversité floristique de ces reliques forestières afin de promouvoir le meilleur mode de gestion pour la conservation de ces forêts. L’échantillonnage de la végétation a été conduit dans les îlots forestiers de Lataha, de Dolékaha et de Korhogo. La collecte des données a été réalisée à l’aide de la méthode de relevé de surface complétée par des inventaires itinérants. Tous les individus de diamètre à hauteur de poitrine (dbh) ≥ 5 cm ont été mesurés dans des placettes carrées de 25 m de côté. Les résultats révèlent une plus forte richesse spécifique sur le site de Lataha (19,25 ± 4,55) et de Korhogo (17,72 ± 3,28). Les valeurs des indices de Shannon indiquent que la forêt de Korhogo est la plus diversifiée (2,47±0,28). Pour l’indice d’équitabilité de Piélou, la valeur la plus importante est similaire pour les sites de Korhogo et de Dolékaha (0,84± 0,05). Le site de Korhogo regorge encore la plus forte présence des espèces à valeur de conservation. La forêt de Korhogo qui bénéficie d’une cogestion comporte la meilleure composition et diversité floristique. De ce fait, des aménagements forestiers doivent de plus en plus associer les populations riveraines pour une gestion participative. Nos résultats peuvent être utiles pour élaborer des stratégies de conservation efficace des reliques forestières de toutes les zones phytogéographiques du pays et même ailleurs dans le monde.Mots clés: Forêts naturelles, zone sèche, modes de gestion, efficacité de conservation, Korhogo, Côte d’Ivoire. English Title: Management and effectiveness of conservation of natural forest relics in dry tropical zone: case of the Department of Korhogo (North, Côte d’Ivoire)This study was conducted in three types of natural forest distinguished by three different management methods in dry areas of Côte d'Ivoire. Its aims at assessing the floristic and diversity composition of these forest relics in order to promote the best mode of management for the conservation of these forests. Botanical sampling was conducted in the forest relics of Lataha, Dolékaha and Korhogo. Data collection was performed using surface survey method followed by the itinerant inventories. All individuals at a breast height diameter (dbh) ≥ 5 cm were measured in 25 m square plots. The results reveal a higher species richness at the Lataha (19.25 ± 4.55) and Korhogo (17.72 ± 3.28) site. Shannon index values indicate that the Korhogo forest is the most diversified (2.47 ± 0.28). For Piélou's index, the highest value is similar for the Korhogo and Dolékaha sites (0.84 ± 0.05). The Korhogo site still has the highest presence of species with conservation value. This study showed that the Korhogo forest, which benefits from co-management, has the best floristic and diversity composition. As a result, natural forest developments must increasingly involve local populations for participative management. Our results can be useful in developing strategies for the effective conservation of forest relics in all phytogeographic zones of Côte d’Ivoire and globally.Keywords: Natural forests, dry zone, management methods, effectiveness of conservation, Korhogo, Côted’Ivoire.

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4

Pastorella, F., and A. Paletto. "Stand structure indices as tools to support forest management: an application in Trentino forests (Italy)." Journal of Forest Science 59, No. 4 (April 30, 2013): 159–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/75/2012-jfs.

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Stand structure and species diversity are two useful parameters to provide a synthetic measure of forest biodiversity. The stand structure is spatial distribution, mutual position, diameter and height differentiation of trees in a forest ecosystem and it highly influences habitat and species diversity. The forest stand and species diversity can be measured through indices that provide important information to better address silvicultural practices and forest management strategies in the short and long-term period. These indices can be combined in a composite index in order to evaluate the complex diversity at the stand level. The aim of the paper is to identify and to test a complex index (S-index) allowing to take into account both the tree species composition and the stand structure. S-index was applied in a case study in the north-east of Italy (Trentino province). The results show that the Norway spruce forests in Trentino province are characterized by a medium-low level of complexity (S-index is in a range between 0.14 and 0.46) due to a low tree species composition rather than to the stand structure (diametric differentiation and spatial distribution of trees).  

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5

Dell, Robert F., P. Lee Ewing, and William J. Tarantino. "Optimally Stationing Army Forces." Interfaces 38, no. 6 (December 2008): 421–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/inte.1080.0401.

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6

Kulla, L., J. Tutka, and R. Marušák. "Forest yield index and its applicability to the assessment of future forest yields." Journal of Forest Science 55, No. 1 (February 3, 2009): 41–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/45/2008-jfs.

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The paper suggests and examines a simplified relative indicator of forest production, with special regard to possibilities of its use in projecting future forests. Forest yield index (<I>I</I><sub>Y</sub>), based on an economic parameter “value of final cutting yield” was proposed, and examined in the model territory of Kysuce in north-western Slovakia. The current values of final cutting yield, dependent on tree species, site index and the length of rotation period served as a basis for the assessment of expected yields. The possibilities and limitations of index applicability in long-term strategic forest management decision-making are discussed, considering the uncertainty of ecological and economic conditions during the long forest production cycle, as well as the complexity of tree species growth and production in the mixed forests, uneven aged forests and forests under climate change.

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7

Parra, Juan David, and Alejandro Arango. "Raworth, K. (2017). Doughnut Economics: Seven Ways to Think Like a 21st-Century Economist. Vermont: Chelsea Green Publishing." Investigación & Desarrollo 26, no. 2 (April 12, 2019): 159–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.14482/indes.26.2.330.

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8

Looney, Robert E., David A. Schrady, and Ronald L. Brown. "Estimating the Economic Benefits of Forward-Engaged Naval Forces." Interfaces 31, no. 4 (August 2001): 74–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/inte.31.4.74.9671.

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9

Ng, Kevin Y. K., M. Natalie Lam, and John R. Hudson. "Operating Aspects of Materiel Distribution Activity within the Canadian Forces." Interfaces 17, no. 4 (August 1987): 61–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/inte.17.4.61.

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Fleischer Fauske, Maria, Magnar Vestli, and Sigurd Glærum. "Optimization Model for Robust Acquisition Decisions in the Norwegian Armed Forces." Interfaces 43, no. 4 (August 2013): 352–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/inte.2013.0690.

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11

Emmons, Louise H., and Marc A. Dubois. "Leaf-area index change across river-beach successional transects in south-eastern Peru." Journal of Tropical Ecology 19, no. 4 (July 2003): 473–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467403003523.

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As part of the programme Écosystèmes et Paléoécosystémes des Forêts Intertropicales (ECOFIT,France),we are engaged in multisite comparative studies of how forests regenerate across ecotones such as those between forests and savannas (Vincens et al. 2000).One such ecotone comprises the forest succession from bare soil that occurs naturally on beach successions along meandering rivers. To gauge the development of foliar layers during succession and quantify changes of efficiency of the vegetation in capturing the available solar energy, we are measuring the Leaf Area Index (LAI) of transects within forests and across their edges.

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Miser, Hugh J. "Operations Analysis in the Army Air Forces in World War II: Some Reminiscences." Interfaces 23, no. 5 (October 1993): 47–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/inte.23.5.47.

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Kim,Yeong-Pyo. "Characteristics of Normalized Difference Vegetation Index According to Forest Landscape Metrics Index." Journal of Korean institute of Forest Recreation 18, no. 1 (March 2014): 45–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.34272/forest.2014.18.1.005.

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14

Silva, Valdecir Da, Vera Lúcia da Silva, Válter Da Silva, Dimítri De Araújo Costa, Francisco De Assis da Silva, Geuba Maria Bernardo da Silva, and Martin Lindsey Christoffersen. "ABUNDANCE OF TREES USED AS FOOD BY PRIMATES IN FRAGMENTS OF ATLANTIC FOREST." ENVIRONMENTAL SMOKE 1, no. 1 (December 7, 2018): 20–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.32435/envsmoke.20181120-41.

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Forest fragmentation favours the propagation of some arboreal primate species that can alter the floristic composition of a community. This process may be associated with the loss of seed dispersants. In this work we propose to identify if the presence of frugivorous primates of medium and large size (Sapajus flavius and Alouatta belzebul) can influence forest diversity and structure. Further, we ask if the size of the fragment affects the availability of resources for these primates. Three fragments were studied in the Atlantic Forest of the State of Paraíba, Brazil, located in the municipalities of Sapé, Mamanguape, Rio Tinto, and Mataraca. In each area 25 plots of 50 x 4 m were delimited, randomly distributed along trails and transects. All trees with chest-high circumferences (CAP) above 12 cm found within the plots were marked with ribbons, and numbered continuously. A total of 114 plant species were documented in the Pacatuba Forest, 79 in the Asplan Forest, and 97 in the “Guaribas” (Sema III) Biological Reserve (REBIO) Forest. According to the Chao and Jacknife estimators, the REBIO Guaribas Forest can present more species than recorded in the present investigation. Species Tapirira guianensis, Protium giganteum and Protium heptaphyllum are the most abundant in the Asplan, Pacatuba and Sema III Forests, respectively. In the REBIO Guaribas Forest, the Shannon diversity index was (H') = 3.75, the Alpha-Fisher index was = 26.57 and the Simpson index (1-D) was = 0.90. Pacatuba was the forest fragment with the highest index of diversity (H') = 375, Alpha-Fischer = 33.74 and Simpson (1-D) = 0.95. Pacatuba and REBIO Guaribas Forsts possess greater Beta diversity. The results suggest that local and historical factors possibly increase Beta diversity, contributing to the increase in resources used as food by primates. Therefore, the presence of primates of medium and large size in the Pacatuba Forest may affect the diversity of resources, contributing to the dispersion of large fruits and seeds. The presence of primates of medium and large size can thus contribute to the preservation of floristic diversity in forest fragments.

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15

de Laubier, Patrick. "Religions et développement social." III. Institutions, idéologies et changement social, no. 17 (December 18, 2015): 127–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1034374ar.

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Quel est l’impact du religieux sur les politiques sociales dans le monde actuel ? L’article montre d’abord comment cette influence peut se situer à différents niveaux et prendre des aspects forts variés, pour ensuite l’illustrer à partir de trois exemples contemporains, à savoir l’influence de Gandhi en Inde, celle de l’enseignement social de l’Église catholique depuis l’élection de Jean-Paul II et l’impact de l’islam dans les pays d’Afrique noire. Il conclut sur la faillite des idées forces du XIXe siècle encore présentes aujourd’hui, le positivisme et l’idéal socialiste, impuissantes à donner un sens à l’activité quotidienne.

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Moon, Seongmin, and Ui Jun Kim. "The Development of a Concurrent Spare-Parts Optimization Model for Weapon Systems in the South Korean Military Forces." Interfaces 47, no. 2 (April 2017): 122–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/inte.2016.0869.

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MacLeod, Matthew R., and D. Gregory Hunter. "The Impact of Age Demographics on Interpreting and Applying Population-Wide Infection Fatality Rates for COVID-19." INFORMS Journal on Applied Analytics 51, no. 3 (May 2021): 167–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/inte.2020.1070.

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The ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic affects the Canadian Armed Forces (CAF) and its members in multiple ways. As the CAF manages its own healthcare system for its members, it must consider the impact of COVID-19 not only on the operational effectiveness of its workforce but also on its healthcare operations. Furthermore, given that the CAF has deployed task forces in support of other government departments, including into long-term care facilities that are experiencing outbreaks, it is important for the CAF to maintain situational awareness of the outbreak in the Canadian population generally. In providing analytical support to the CAF on these questions, we focused on establishing the applicability of estimates of COVID-19 infection fatality rates (IFRs) from the literature to the CAF and to the Canadian public. This paper explores how the age-dependent effects of COVID-19 must be taken into account when comparing estimates based on countries with very different age profiles, such as China and Italy. Furthermore, it explores how varying age structures within a country (e.g., within a subnational jurisdiction, or within a given working population) should affect how analysts apply estimates of IFR to scenarios involving those specific populations.

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Balážová, E., and J. Luptáková. "Application of the Economic Value Added index in the performance evaluation of forest enterprise." Journal of Forest Science 62, No. 5 (May 31, 2016): 191–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/48/2015-jfs.

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Jan, Kadavý, Kneifl Michal, Fedorová Barbora, and Bartůněk Jaroslav. "Evaluation of transformation from even-aged to selection forest by means of Gini index." Journal of Forest Science 63, No. 10 (October 20, 2017): 476–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/48/2017-jfs.

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We used the Gini index for evaluation of the 40-year transformation to selection forests in the Training Forest Enterprise Masaryk Forest Křtiny (Czech Republic). The Gini index values for particular forest stands were compared with the reference values derived from the diameter distribution model curve (type E) by Meyer. From a total of sixteen stands which were evaluated in 2013 (the last periodic inventory), only two stands reached the desired diameter structure. Four other stands reached the desired diameter structure at least once during the transformation period. We recommend the application of Gini index for determination of a success rate of even-aged stand transformation to selection forest.

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Bílek, L., J. Remeš, O. Švec, and D. Zahradník. "On the way to continuous cover forest at middle elevations – the question of forest structure and specific site characteristics." Journal of Forest Science 59, No. 10 (November 29, 2013): 391–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/57/2013-jfs.

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The transformation process of even-aged forest stands to irregular forest stands on waterlogged sites after 20 years effort was analysed. Data from two 1-ha PRP was analysed with special focus on structural (Shannon Evenness Index, Simpson Index and Gini Index) and species (Shannon Evenness Index and Simpson Index) diversity. Different development on study plots confirmed that the highest structural diversity is not often compatible with the concept of species diversity. On PRP 1 high diameter differentiation has led to lower values of species diversity, while on PRP 2 rather moderate diameter differentiation supported higher species diversity in lower DBH classes. The Gini Index was confirmed to be the best indicator for monitoring the diameter differentiation in the course of stand transformation.

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21

Hosseini, S. A., M. E. Khalili, M. Pourmajidian, A. Fallah, and A. Parsakhoo. "Relationship between forest road length and village development during three decades in Neka-Zalemrood forest." Journal of Forest Science 58, No. 1 (January 27, 2012): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/44/2010-jfs.

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Forest roads are built to facilitate the transport of personnel and wood, and so to promote village development. In this study 18 development indices of village in relation to increasing forest road density were evaluated during three decades for the villages of Aryam, Estakhrposht, Hosein Abad, Daram, Sarm and Darzikola in Neka-Zalemrood forest. According to the National Population and Housing Census of Iran (NPHCI), the rank of zero was considered for cases when a village did not have a specific facility and the rank of one was considered for cases when a village had a specific facility and service. The total length of forest roads was measured on maps from the years 1986, 1996 and 2006. Results showed that the total length of built roads at the end of 1986, 1996 and 2006 was 7, 25 and 36 km, respectively. Index of development in the village of Estakhrposht and Daram was positive at the end of the second decade whereas the villages of Estakhrposht, Daram, Aryam and Darzikola with ranks of 1.494; 0.053; 0.293 and 0.053 had positive development index in the third decade. The index of development in other villages was still negative at the end of 2006. The villages of Sarm and Daram enjoyed 5 and 7 services and facilities, respectively, in the second decade. So, their development index increased from –0.3 to 0.06 for Sarm and from –0.3 to 0.17 for Daram. 7.5 km of forest roads in the village of Estakhrposht were asphalted in the third decade (1996–2006) and the village of Estakhrposht  enjoyed 18 development indices in total.  

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Álvarez González, Juan Gabriel, Ana Daría Ruíz González, Roque Rodríguez Soalleiro, and Marcos Barrio Anta. "Ecoregional site index models for Pinus pinaster in Galicia (northwestern Spain)." Annals of Forest Science 62, no. 2 (March 2005): 115–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/forest:2005003.

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23

Jiang, Yang, and Yan Li. "Study on the Forest Resources and the Spatial Distribution of its Change in Hangzhou." Advanced Materials Research 726-731 (August 2013): 4258–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.726-731.4258.

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The land cover maps of Hangzhou in 2000、2005 and 2010 are generated based on object-oriented method using multi-temporal TM/ETM+ images for the analysis of the forest distrabution and change detection.. The paper focuses on the method of the extraction of forest information, especialy the analysis of the characteristic variables that can be used for classification. LBV transformation,the K-T transformation and vegetation index are studies for various types of the forests, and the appropriate rules and parameters are derived accordingly to extract the forest information. The paper also illustrates the spatial distribution of the dynamic change of forest resource by analysing the land cover of three years .At last, the type and the proportion of the forests dynamic change are statistical calculated, and the driving forces for the change are analyzed to provide the decision-making basis for the relevant department.

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Kull, Olevi, and Ingmar Tulva. "Modelling canopy growth and steady-state leaf area index in an aspen stand." Annals of Forest Science 57, no. 5 (June 2000): 611–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/forest:2000130.

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Adame, Patricia, Isabel Cañellas, Sonia Roig, and Miren Del Río. "Modelling dominant height growth and site index curves for rebollo oak (Quercus pyrenaicaWilld.)." Annals of Forest Science 63, no. 8 (December 2006): 929–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/forest:2006076.

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Abu Hassan, Badrul Redzuan, and Roslina Abdul Latif. "Epistephilic forces in Malaysian indie documentary." Journal of Asian Pacific Communication 23, no. 2 (December 18, 2013): 286–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/japc.23.2.09abu.

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Documentary film has established itself as an important spatial extension of this nation’s historicity. This paper explores the terrains of this critical transformational space which in recent years, has been dominated arguably increasingly, by a cohort of ‘socialist’ filmmakers. That such an ‘alternative/independent’ group of documakers — a label it is often associated with — edges over the ‘mainstream’ ones in terms of its worthiness, timeliness and relevance of an issue, debate or perspective, is a claim or perception that needs to be qualified in this paper. Notable documakers gave in-depth interviews on their creative works and issues of nation building both in shaping the trajectory of ‘alternative’ documentary, hence, sustaining a potentially transformative public sphere. This paper will engage in analyzing critical and defining documentary works as its mode of inquiry followed by the discourses gleaned from the interviews.

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Ullah, M. R., X. D. Liu, and M. Al-Amin. "Spatial-temporal distribution of forest fires and fire weather index calculation from 2000 to 2009 in China." Journal of Forest Science 59, No. 7 (August 28, 2013): 279–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/8/2013-jfs.

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This paper describes the forest fire dynamics in the city of Sanming in Fujian province, China, from 2000 to 2009 with a view to understand the number of fires and burned areas in different counties. It also includes the spatial-temporal distribution of fires and application of the Canadian Forest Fire Danger Rating System (CFFDRS). Daily forest fire data was provided by the Department of Wildfire Prevention of Sanming Forestry Bureau. FWI calculator v.7.0.2.76 was used in this study for analysing the weather parameter data. The results showed that a total of 818 fires and burned areas of 8721.16 ha were found during the study period of 10 years. However, the highest and lowest forest fires were found in Youxi county and Sanming district, respectively. Most of the fires with large burned areas occurred at 2 p.m. Moreover, occurrences of fires were found the highest and lowest in March and June, respectively. Based on FWI calculation, the highest danger rating value was found in March, 2009. This study proposes that it would be possible to manage regular forest fire occurrences through the application of CFFDRS. Finally, to plan the fire prevention and management in southern China and other tropical countries, this system has a great opportunity for further implementations.  

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Cutini, A. "The influence of drought and thinning on leaf area index estimates from canopy transmittance method." Annales des Sciences Forestières 53, no. 2-3 (1996): 595–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/forest:19960238.

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Kim,Yeong-Pyo. "Analysis of Distribution Characteristics According to TPI(Topographic Position Index) In Gayasan National Park Using GIS." Journal of Korean institute of Forest Recreation 15, no. 1 (March 2011): 73–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.34272/forest.2011.15.1.010.

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Granier, Andr�, Denis Loustau, and Nathalie Br�da. "A generic model of forest canopy conductance dependent on climate, soil water availability and leaf area index." Annals of Forest Science 57, no. 8 (December 2000): 755–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/forest:2000158.

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31

Hoff, Corine, and Serge Rambal. "An examination of the interaction between climate, soil and leaf area index in a Quercus ilex ecosystem." Annals of Forest Science 60, no. 2 (March 2003): 153–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/forest:2003008.

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32

Khosravi, S., M. Namiranian, H. Ghazanfari, and A. Shirvani. " Estimation of leaf area index and assessment of its allometric equations in oak forests: Northern Zagros, Iran." Journal of Forest Science 58, No. 3 (March 27, 2012): 116–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/18/2011-jfs.

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The focus of the present study is the estimation of leaf area index (LAI) and the assessment of allometric equations for predicting the leaf area of Lebanon oaks (Quercus libani Oliv.) in Iran’s northern Zagros forests. To that end, 50 oak trees were randomly selected and their biophysical parameters were measured. Then, on the basis of destructive sampling of the oak trees, their specific leaf area (SLA) and leaf area were measured. The results showed that SLA and LAI of the Lebanon oaks were 136.9 cm·g<sup>–1 </sup>and 1.99, respectively. Among all the parameters we measured, the crown volume exhibited the highest correlation with LAI (r<sup>2</sup> = 0.65). The easily measured tree parameters such as diameter at breast height did not show a high correlation with leaf area (r<sup>2</sup> = 0.36). Our obtained moderate correlations in the allometric equations could be due to the fact that branches of these trees had been pollarded by the local people when the branches were only 3 or 4 years old; therefore, the natural structure of the crowns in these trees might have been damaged.  

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Budiaman, Ahmad, Noor Farikhah Haneda, and Sarah Nova Irene Lumbantobing. "Dampak Jangka Pendek Penjarangan Hutan Campuran terhadap Keanekaragaman Serangga Terbang di KPH Banten (Short-Term Impact of Thinning of Mixed Forest on the Diversity of Flying Insects in Forest Management Unit of Banten)." Jurnal Sylva Lestari 9, no. 1 (January 29, 2021): 138. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/jsl19138-150.

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Forest thinning is a sylvicultural practice that aims to provide better growth space for increasing tree growth and stand quality. Forest thinning is a form of forest disturbance that has an impact on the forest environment, including flying insects. This study aimed to assess the impact of thinning of mixed forest stands on the diversity of flying insects. Eight circular plots of 0.1 ha were laid out systematically on thinning plots of 15.3 ha. Parameters observed in the plot included environment factors (stand composition, temperature, humidity, and canopy cover), abundance, species composition, and biodiversity index of flying insects (diversity index, species richness index, evenness index, and similarity index). The sweep net was used to collect the flying insects. Mann-Whitney test was used to compare the index of biodiversity of flying insects before and after forest thinning. Forest thinning caused a decrease in abundance, species composition, diversity index, richness index, and evenness index of flying insects. Forest thinning led to a decrease in the abundance of herbivorous flying insects and an increase in the abundance of predatory flying insects. Flying insect species found before thinning was not identical to those after thinning.Keywords: diversity index, flying insect, forest ecosystem, forest tending

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Rodrigues, Janderson R., and Vilson R. Almeida. "Optical forces through the effective refractive index." Optics Letters 42, no. 21 (October 23, 2017): 4371. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ol.42.004371.

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Pontailler, JY, R. Ceulemans, J. Guittet, and F. Mau. "Linear and non-linear functions of volume index to estimate woody biomass in high density young poplar stands." Annales des Sciences Forestières 54, no. 4 (1997): 335–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/forest:19970402.

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Struck, Gerhard, and Achim Dohrenbusch. "Development of a new branchiness index Asix - A simple tool to describe branchiness in young deciduous forest stands." Annals of Forest Science 57, no. 8 (December 2000): 811–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/forest:2000161.

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Bravo-Oviedo, Andr�s, and Gregorio Montero. "Site index in relation to edaphic variables in stone pine (Pinus pinea L.) stands in south west Spain." Annals of Forest Science 62, no. 1 (January 2005): 61–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/forest:2004086.

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38

Ratknic, Tatjana, Mihailo Ratknic, Nikola Rakonjac, Ivana Zivanovic, and Zoran Poduska. "Development of a national index for the purpose of forest fire risk assessments on the example of southern Serbia." Thermal Science 23, no. 6 Part A (2019): 3307–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci190412276r.

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The paper presents the results on the study of the possible application of the Canadian Forest Fire Weather Index and the Modified Angstrom Index in forest fire risk assessments. The daily values of these indices for the period 2005-2015 were related to the forest fire database. It was found that there is a relatively weak to moderate correlation between forest fires and the values of the Canadian Forest Fire Weather Index. In order to improve the wildfire risk assessments (including forest fires), the index was modified. The modified index has a significantly greater correlation with the actual events of forest fires and consequently a much wider application in southern Serbia. The modified index can be of great importance in the future concepts of forest fire risk management.

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39

Fadele, Oluwaseyi, Temiloluwa Amusan, Ademola Afolabi, and Clement Ogunlade. "Characterisation of briquettes from forest wastes: Optimisation approach." Research in Agricultural Engineering 67, No. 3 (September 27, 2021): 138–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/6/2021-rae.

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Waste from a forest environment constitutes an enormous quantity of renewable energy resources. In this study undesirable forest materials, such as jatropha seed shells (JSSs) and Eucalyptus camaldulensis wood shavings (EcWSs) were used in the production of briquettes with Acacia senegal as the binder using mixing proportions of 0 : 100, 25 : 75, 50 : 50, 75 : 25 and 100 : 0 while the binder was varied from 50, 60, 70, 80 to 90 g. Some physical properties, such as the density, moisture content, water resistance and shatter index, were optimised using the response surface methodology at these mixing proportions. The outcome of the production showed the briquettes to have mean values of 0.66 kg·m<sup>–3</sup>, 11.51, 91.12 and 99.7 % for the density, moisture content, water resistance and shatter index, respectively. The optimum mixing ratio and binder quantity of 75 : 25 and 60 g, respectively, would result in a briquette having a 0.70 kg·m<sup>–3</sup>, 10.88, 98.11 and 99.86% density, moisture content, water resistance and shatter index, respectively. It has been revealed that the JSS and EcWS are potential organic wastes which could be used as a feedstock for the production of briquettes. It could be concluded that the variation in the mixing proportion of the JSSs, EcWSs and A. senegal significantly affected the properties of the produced briquettes.

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이범, Kim Ki Weon, 고동욱, SHIN MAN YONG, 문가현, and 문나현. "A Study on the Development of Forest Healing Index Based on Forest Conditions and Geoinformation in Saneum Recreation Forest." Journal of Korean institute of Forest Recreation 21, no. 4 (December 2017): 9–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.34272/forest.2017.21.4.002.

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41

Bréda, N., and A. Granier. "Intra- and interannual variations of transpiration, leaf area index and radial growth of a sessile oak stand (Quercus petraea)." Annales des Sciences Forestières 53, no. 2-3 (1996): 521–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/forest:19960232.

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42

Calama, Rafael, Nieves Ca�adas, and Gregorio Montero. "Inter-regional variability in site index models for even-aged stands of stone pine (Pinus pinea L.) in Spain." Annals of Forest Science 60, no. 3 (April 2003): 259–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/forest:2003017.

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43

Whitehead, David, and Adrian S. Walcroft. "Forest and shrubland canopy carbon uptake in relation to foliage nitrogen concentration and leaf area index: a modelling analysis." Annals of Forest Science 62, no. 6 (September 2005): 525–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/forest:2005045.

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44

Weiskittel, Aaron R., and Douglas A. Maguire. "Response of Douglas-fir leaf area index and litterfall dynamics to Swiss needle cast in north coastal Oregon, USA." Annals of Forest Science 64, no. 2 (February 24, 2007): 121–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/forest:2006096.

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45

Agdialta, Rezfiko. "Pemantauan Tingkat Bahaya Kebakaran Hutan Dan Lahan Dengan Indeks Kekeringan Keetch-Byram Drought Index Selama Periode El-Niňo Di Provinsi Sumatera Selatan (Fire Hazard Monitoring Of Forest And Land Fire With Keetch-Byram Drought Index Method During El-Niňo Period In South Sumatra Province)." Jurnal Penelitian Kehutanan Sumatrana 2, no. 1 (April 29, 2021): 11–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.20886/jpks.2021.2.1.11-24.

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Human activity is not the only major cause of forest and land fires, however, there are supporting factors, namely extreme weather and climate conditions such as El Niño. One of index used to determine the potential for forest and land fires is the KBDI index (Keetch- Byram Drought Index). The drought index can determine the fire potential of an area by using a scale of nature. his study aims to determine the potential for forest and land fires every month in the South Sumatra region by using KBDI values during the El Niño event period in 2006 - 2015. The data used are daily rainfall data, daily maximum temperature data obtained from several observation posts in the Regency/City of South Sumatra and hotspot data from the Terra-Agua Satellite with fashionable sensors during the period 2006 - 2015. between The analysis was carried out by finding daily KBDI values using data obtained from several observation points in the South Sumatra region. The data is then made into a monthly average. The next step, mapped to see the conditions in every month for the potential forest and land fire affected by weather and climate factors. The result of the processing showed that the highest average potential for forest and land fires were in 2006, 2009 and 2015 occurred in July, August, September, and October. The peak occurred in September and October, and in that month the average KBDI was at extreme levels and had many hotspots.

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46

Islam, MS, MA Islam, NA Sweety, MAR Hossain, and MH Kabir. "Assessment of Aquatic Faunal Diversity in the Ratargul Swamp Forest at Sylhet in Bangladesh." Journal of Environmental Science and Natural Resources 9, no. 2 (April 14, 2017): 51–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jesnr.v9i2.32158.

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The study was conducted to asses the aquatic faunal diversity in the Ratargul Swamp Forest during the period from November 2014 to October 2015. For the systematic study of aquatic fauna, the quadrate method along with transect was used where 4 transects were selected in the swamp forest each with 5 stations based on topography and vegetation. A total of 24 species of aquatic fauna belonging to 18 families were identified during the period, which were crustaceans (7), molluscs (4), fishes (12) and annelid (1). Among them, fishes were the most dominant and abundant groups. The crustaceans, molluscs, fishes and annelid were shown different pattern of density and diversity within the Transects. The density of individuals in Ratargul Swamp Forest varied from station to station within a range of 8 to 40 Indm-². The lowest Simpsons Index of Diversity was 2.76 in T-4, which was situated in the transitional area between forested land and relatively deep lake within the forest. Leptocarpus potamiscus, Nandus nandus, and Pila globosa were the dominant shrimp, fish and mollusc species in the T-4, respectively. The highest Simpsons Index of Diversity was 3.89 in T-3, which was situated along the bank of a small channel within the forest. Nematopalaemon tenuipes, Puntius ticto, and Pila globosa were the dominant shrimp, fish and mollusc species in T-3, respectively.J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 9(2): 51-64 2016

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47

Dubois, Mark R., Thomas J. Straka, and W. F. Watson. "A Cost Index for Southern Forest Practices." Southern Journal of Applied Forestry 15, no. 3 (August 1, 1991): 128–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sjaf/15.3.128.

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Abstract Simple forest practice cost indexes, a weighted aggregate Southern Forest Practice Cost Index (SFPCI), and a Southern Forest Employee Wage Index (SFEWI) are developed. The SFPCI measures temporal changes in average costs of a fixed "operations basket" of southern forest practices. Each forest practices's relative contribution to the SFPCI are also calculated. General trends, and internal and external factors influencing cost index changes throughout time are examined in order to provide forestry managers insight for cost control measures. Simple cost indexes indicate all but two of the forest practices examined experienced cost increases from 1982 to 1988. The weighted aggregate SFPCI increased by 15% from 1982 to 1988, while the SFEWI increased by 19%; and inflation, as measured by the implicit Gross National Product price deflator, increased by 21%. In 1988, according to relative importance contribution values, forest practices associated with the establishment of new forestry crops accounted for 71% of total forest practice expenditures. South. J. Appl. For. 15(3):128-133.

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48

Santa Regin, I., and JF Gallardo. "Biogeochemical cycles in forests of the "Sierra de Béjar" mountains (province of Salamanca, Spain): decomposition index of the leaf litter." Annales des Sciences Forestières 52, no. 4 (1995): 393–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/forest:19950409.

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49

Wotton, B. M., B. J. Stocks, and D. L. Martell. "An index for tracking sheltered forest floor moisture within the Canadian Forest Fire Weather Index System." International Journal of Wildland Fire 14, no. 2 (2005): 169. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wf04038.

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The Duff Moisture Code (DMC) component of the Canadian Forest Fire Weather Index (FWI) System is used by fire management agencies across Canada as an indicator of the susceptibility of the forest floor to lightning fire ignition. However, this model was developed for the moisture content of the forest floor away from the sheltering influences of overstory trees, an area where lightning strikes usually ignite the forest floor. Through destructive sampling of the forest floor in a mature jack pine stand in northern Ontario over several summers, the moisture content of the forest floor in sheltered areas close to the boles of dominant overstory trees was found to be significantly lower than in other less heavily sheltered areas of the stand. Observations from a network of in-stand rain gauges revealed that rainfall penetration through the canopy (throughfall) was correlated with both open rainfall amount and the duration of a storm. Observed throughfall amounts were used to develop a throughfall relationship for extremely sheltered locations (within ~0.5 m of the boles) in a mature jack pine stand. This throughfall model was used, along with differences in forest floor drying rate, to develop a new duff moisture index for strongly sheltered areas of the forest floor. Calculated values of this new moisture model, which has the same daily weather observation requirements as the FWI System’s DMC model, were found to match observed moisture contents quite well.

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50

Martiník, A., L. Dobrovolný, and V. Hurt. "Comparison of different forest regeneration methods after windthrow." Journal of Forest Science 60, No. 5 (June 3, 2014): 190–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/66/2013-jfs.

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The prosperity of various forest regeneration methods was evaluated on the prepared windthrow area established in 2010 in a previously allochthonous coniferous stand growing in mid-elevations of the Czech Republic. The forest regeneration variants were as follows: (1) “planting” of target species (Picea abies [L.] Karst.) and Fagus sylvatica (L.), (2) “seeding” of pioneer (non target) species (Betula pendula Roth) and (3) spontaneous “succession”. Two years after windthrow   the “planting” was evaluated in accordance with the Czech forestry law as  regeneration method with  sufficient attributes, density (6,000–9,000 indd·ha<sup>–1</sup>) and regular spatial distribution of target tree species. The “seeding” and “succession” variants showed a insufficient attributes of target tree species – total density <br /> ca 3,000 indd·ha<sup>–1</sup> (being ca 1,000 indd·ha<sup>–1</sup> higher than 20 cm) and irregular distribution across the plot. The non-target species birch on the “seeding” variant showed a high density of plants (131,000 indd·ha<sup>–1</sup>) being eight times higher than the succession variant. The cost of the regeneration treatment was different between the variants – planting: 5,000–6,000 EUR·ha<sup>–1</sup>, 1,300 EUR·ha<sup>–1</sup>, succession: 1,000 EUR·ha<sup>–1</sup>. Comparing to “planting” the higher diversity of tree species and higher density of non-target species (20,000–134,000 EUR·ha<sup>–1</sup>) in the “seeding” and “succession” variants promise  success for the future, however the real potential of  regeneration methods that were used will be clear after long-term observations.    

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