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Academic literature on the topic 'Forêts – Productivité – Méthodes de simulation'
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Forêts – Productivité – Méthodes de simulation"
Miranda, Salas Marcelo. "Modélisation de la productivité forestière de Pinus radiata D. Don à partir de patrons de variabilité spatiotemporelle de l'espèce et de l'environnement." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/19447.
Full textPerot, Thomas. "Quel est le niveau de détail pertinent pour modéliser la croissance d'une forêt mélangée ? Comparaison d'une famille de modèles et application aux peuplements mélangés chêne sessile - pin sylvestre." Paris, AgroParisTech, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/43/25/73/PDF/ManuscritTheseTPerotVF.pdf.
Full textAppropriate tools and models are needed for the management of mixed forests. The aim of this thesis is to show how the construction and the comparison of models with different levels of detail can help us to choose the most appropriate level to model the growth of a mixed stand. We developed a family of models at different levels of detail from data collected in mixed stands of sessile oak (Quercus petraea L. ) and Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L. ) : a tree distance independent model (MAID), a tree distance dependent model (MADD), three stand models and an intermediate model bridging the MAID and the MADD. We ensured consistency between models using several approaches in order to make relevant comparisons. These models have given us some knowledge on the growth and dynamics of these forests, in particular on the spatial and temporal interactions between oaks and pines. Thus, we showed a compensatory growth phenomenon between the two species using the MAID. The MADD made it possible to show that, in these stands, the intraspecific competition was stronger than interspecific competition. A stand model developed from the MADD helped us to study the influence of mixing rate on production. To assess the quality of models predictions, we used an independent data set obtained by splitting our data. For example, we have shown that the MAID was more efficient than the MADD to predict individual increments. The models were also compared on examples of applications with short or medium term simulations. The proposed approach is of interest for both understanding the studied phenomenon and developing predictive tools. The different results of this work, allowed us to assess the relevance of a type of model for different contexts of use. This very general approach could be applied to the modeling of other processes such as mortality or regeneration
Benoit, Scott. "Évaluation de l'éco-efficacité des procédés de transformation des produits laitiers : développement d'un outil de simulation." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/31384.
Full textEco-efficiency is a concept specifically designed for the business world and which links theenvironmental and economic performances of a product or service. Since 2012, eco-efficiency is subject to a standardised assessment (ISO 14045) which imposes life cycle analysis to conduct the assessment of the potential environmental impacts. Eco-efficiency assessment thus offers the business world the opportunity to make decisions not only based on economical criteria but also factoring in the potential environmental impacts. Among the countless industrial activities likely to benefit from the eco-efficiency concept is dairy processing. Indeed, this sector of the agri-food industry surely enables valorisation of dairy raw material but it concomitantly exploits a significant part of the natural resources. The first objective of this thesis was to conduct a state of play on the development and implementation of the ecoefficiency concept in the dairy processing field. A first study enabled to look at the dairy processing activity from a life-cycle perspective, and to investigate the successive developments of the eco-efficiency concept in this field. In particular, the study showed that process simulation presented a sound interest in overcoming the difficulties associated with eco-efficiency assessment according to the ISO 14045 standard: the need for a complete inventory of material and energy flows, and for a certain expertise in life cycle analysis. Therefore, the second objective of this thesis was to develop a process simulation tool enabling the ecoefficiency assessment of the dairy processes. A second study thus led to the development of a software prototype allowing for eco-efficiency assessment of dairy products. This prototype relies on a process simulator specifically designed for dairy processes and which includes datasets of potential environmental impacts. These features allow for both the generation of detailed inventories of material and energy flows and potential environmental impact assessments, thereby overcoming the challenges identified in the first study. The developed prototype not only allows for eco-efficiency assessments of the modelled processes but also enables identification of the improvement opportunities, comparison of multiple scenarios of raw milk valuation, and assessment of the economic viability of the modelled scenarios. This tool was used in a third and last study in order to assess the contribution of pressure driven filtration operations to the overall eco-efficiency of dairy processes. These operations are omnipresent in the dairy processing activity and hold a potential for eco-efficiency improvement which has not been yet demonstrated. Three scenarios of Cheddar cheese production were compared in this study: two integrating pressure driven filtration processes at the cheese milk standardisation stage, and one that did not include such operations. Results revealed that although introducing pressure driven filtration processes at the cheese milk standardisation stage can significantly improve the cheese yields, it does not allow for an improvement of the eco-efficiency of the cheese production process. Analysis of the results showed that t he potentials for eco-efficiency improvements in dairy processing through the introduction of pressure driven filtration operations could probably be achieved by incorporating them in the by-product valuation processes. The research work conducted within the framework of this thesis fulfilled all the different objectives set and therefore should help make eco-efficiency assessment more accessible to all the decision-makers related in one way or another to the dairy processing industry.
Movahedkhah, Mahdi. "Proposition d'un modèle de dynamique des systèmes pour la simulation de l'évolution des indicateurs de performance des industries alimentaires." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002ECAP0971.
Full textThe purpose of this thesis is to put forward an original structuring of an Interactive Decision Support System (IDSS) applied to the management control of the production system in food industries. A study of the food industry was carried out using a systemic approach that makes reference to a multi-criteria vision of the performance suggested by Kaplan and Norton in their balanced scorecard. With this empirical approach, a representation of the causality relations between various industrial performance indicators was proposed, thus formalising a global influence diagram corresponding to the structural base of the suggested system dynamics generic model. It is within this theoretical framework and the particular field of application that we chose and proposed a continuous simulation model which, from initial values of performance indicators, is able to simulate the possible evolutions in the behaviour of these particular production systems, and consequently, evolutions of these same indicators. This IDSS will allow to forecast the evolution of performance indicators while being based on their causal and dynamic interdependence, thus being different from the traditional forecast methods based on past chronological series
Cherchali, Selma. "Contribution à la résolution du problème du pixel mixte en vue de l'amélioration de l'estimation de la productivité primaire nette en zone sahélienne (couplage haute et basse résolution spatiale)." Toulouse 3, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995TOU30084.
Full textBamana, Flora. "Analyse et simulation de stratégies de juste-à-temps dans le domaine de la construction : application à un bâtiment multi-étages en bois." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/31750.
Full textAs a driving force in the economic growth of the province of Quebec and Canada, the construction industry is constantly looking for measures to eliminate all forms of waste in its activities, from the design stage to completion of a project. This research aims to study the philosophy of just-in-time (JIT) for application in the construction field. To do so, a systematic literature review was conducted to establish a state of the art on JIT and the modalities of its application in construction. Afterward, a simulation model was developed to test different possibilities of JIT implementation for a real construction project with different key parameters. Statistical analyzes were then executed to determine the impact and interactions of these parameters on productivity in the construction project under investigation. Finally, the synthesis and recommendations step highlighted, through the analysis of the results, the best scenario to implement. Indeed, the best scenario allowed to reduce the construction duration from 26.09 to 22.31 weeks, to eliminate the risk of shortages and to increase workers utilisation rate. In sum, the study has provided thorough enlightenments on concepts essential to JIT implementation in construction. Few studies discussed the subject and even less demonstrated the quantitative benefits of its implementation. This study therefore contributes to science and the industry by reporting pathways of JIT implementation in construction while determining the extent to which JIT deliveries, Lean methods, and prefabrication could be implemented to derive benefits on construction sites.
Fortin, Mathieu. "Analyse de la dynamique des peuplements mixtes de sapin baumier et d'épinette rouge après coupe partielle : contraintes et méthodologies statistiques." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/33025.
Full textOger, Julie. "Méthodes probabilistes pour l'évaluation de risques en production industrielle." Phd thesis, Université François Rabelais - Tours, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00982740.
Full textFouqueray, Timothée. "Adaptations aux incertitudes climatiques de long terme : trajectoires socio-écologiques de la gestion forestière française." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLA029.
Full textAdapting forest management to climate change (CC) is a key issue, as forests are crucial for mitigation policies and the provision of many ecosystem services (ES). Understanding the magnitude of the progress made in this respect can help shape further adaptation developments and avoid the putative maladaptive side effects of forest management evolutions. Here, I aim to bridge the knowledge gap of adaptation implementation in French forests.Chapter 1: Based on semi-structured interviews with foresters, my findings highlight unprecedented aspects of adaptations: (i) a focus on productive ES at the expense of other essential services such as water supply or natural habitats; (ii) adaptations rely on technical changes in forest management and do not deal with climate impacts through organizational or economic tools; and (iii) envisaging ecological processes through adaptations is instrumental and limited to small spatial and temporal scales. My results also extend the existing body of knowledge to the framework of forest management: (i) CC is not the main driver of forestry changes; (ii) extreme events are windows of opportunity to stimulate adaptive changes; and (iii) proactive adaptation to unexperienced hazards is very weak.Chapter 2: Assessment of the diversity of research projects in the forest sciences focusing on CC. I categorized projects according to discipline and main focus, using data from the online description of French public calls for proposals and from selected projects. Since 1997, mitigation research has gradually given way to adaptation. Despite pledges for the inclusion of social sciences, research rarely draws on the social sciences and focuses on ES of economic interest. Biomass production is paramount, being addressed either directly or through projects on tree species of industrial interest. Hence, instead of a diverse search for adaptation strategies, climate research is geared toward a few ES. Without denying the need for timber and biofuel production, I encourage public funders to complement current calls for proposals with more diverse approaches beneficial for both biomass production and other ES.Chapter 3: I study how multiple mechanisms for the mitigation of CC have been developed, drawing on a combination of reducing and offsetting greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. While mechanisms are mandatory for certain economic sectors, some business that are not required to mitigate their GHG emissions would nevertheless like to do so. I examine two study cases in France to analyze how public and private foresters seized this opportunity to obtain complementary funding from such companies for forestry operations. I focus on offset contracts issued by associations linking public sector forestry agencies, forest landowners, and offset funders. Carbon mitigation was a reason shared by all contractors to commit to the agreement, although it concealed multifarious motivations. Hence, I argue that voluntary offset contracts act like a Trojan horse by enabling foresters to dialogue with entities that would otherwise not be interested in supporting forest management. Regional embedding was crucial to overcoming the mitigation challenges.Chapter 4: To gain insight on how can socio-economic adaptive tools complement technical evolutions of forestry, I designed Foster Forest, a participatory simulation of forest management. It combines a role-playing game, an agent-based model, and a scenario of CC with high uncertainties. Drawing from multiple applications in French regions, I show that climate change is not a short-term matter of concern for private and public foresters. I analyze the emergence of socio-economic changes (mainly payment for carbon storage) in the provision of ES, and participants’ negotiations to spontaneously change the simulation rules. I also highlight how collective adaptive action was steered by stakeholders with a public interest role
Leroy, Céline. "Rôle de l'architecture dans l'interception lumineuse des couronnes de "Tectona grandis" et "Acacia mangium" : utilisation pour la simulation des bilans radiatifs dans les systèmes agroforestiers." Phd thesis, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00012166.
Full textBooks on the topic "Forêts – Productivité – Méthodes de simulation"
International Symposium of the FORESEA Miyazaki (1998). Global concerns for forest resource utilization: Sustainable use and management : selected papers from the International Symposium of the FORESEA Miyazaki, 1998. Dordrecht: Boston, 1999.
Find full textModelización del crecimiento y la evolución de bosques. Vienna: IUFRO Secretariat, 2001.
Find full text(Editor), Atsushi Yoshimoto, and Kiyoshi Yukutake (Editor), eds. Global Concerns for Forest Resource Utilization - Sustainable Use and Management (FORESTRY SCIENCES Volume 62). Springer, 1999.
Find full text1978-, Hughes Josie, and Pacific Forestry Centre, eds. Modeling the effect of landscape pattern on mountain pine beetles. Victoria, B.C: Pacific Forestry Centre, 2006.
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