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Journal articles on the topic 'Forging process in closed die'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 15 February 2022

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1

Xin, Xuan Rong, Ding Xu, Cheng Song He, and Xin Cheng Liu. "Claw-Pole Closed Forging Process." Advanced Materials Research 912-914 (April 2014): 605–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.912-914.605.

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Aimed at the present domestic problems in the forging process of claw pole, such as insufficient corner filling, excessive forming force and short life of dies. On the basis of the analyzing in the claw pole, a new process named the closed hot die forging, direct extrusion process of claw pole is constituted. The numerical simulation using DEFORM-3D and the special mould are used in the forging experiment in order to check the new process. The results show that, new technology has greatly reduced the forming force, thereby reducing the production processes and improving the life of dies for ma

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2

Navarrete, J., M. E. Noguez, J. Ramı´rez, G. Salas, and T. Robert. "Die Forging Stress Determination: A Dimensional Analysis Approach." Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering 123, no. 3 (2000): 416–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1370498.

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The stress provided by the forging press for manufacturing closed die forgings (forging stress) is evaluated through dimensional analysis. Five dimensionless groups, from the process variables, are proposed in order to simplify this forging stress determination. These groups are experimentally related. This relation is compared with the forging stresses of four industrial pieces with different shapes and alloys, reported in the literature. The results show that this methodology is useful for predicting the actual forging stress necessary in industrial closed die forgings.

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3

Kapustová, Mária. "The Rationalization of Production of Ring-Shaped Drop Forgings Using Computer Simulation of Closed-Die Forging Process." Key Engineering Materials 660 (August 2015): 335–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.660.335.

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The rationalization of ring-shaped drop forgings production may be considered from different points of view. Important aspects of evaluation and selection of optimal production alternative are material and energy savings and issue of forging tool life. This contribution describes advanced technology of closed die forging without flash, which represents an effective method of manufacture of ring-shaped drop forging from steel alloy type 16MnCr5. This proposed method offers a cheaper possibility of production of mentioned forging piece resulting from saving of batch material. At present drop for

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4

Zhao, De Ying, Lian Dong Zhang, and Hui Xue Sun. "Research on Closed Die Forging Process of Car Steering Knuckle." Materials Science Forum 575-578 (April 2008): 204–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.575-578.204.

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Steering knuckle, which has strict requirements with regard to dimensional precision and quality, is a key component in cars. Conventional plastic forming methods are involved with intricate procedures and high energy consumptions. Normally, a 40 MN hot die forging press or a 100 KJ electro-hydraulic hammer is required to produce the steering knuckle. Closed die forging, which is a new precision forming technology developed in recent years, has some virtues, such as good mechanical properties, easy to form and improving of metal plastic deformation. Aiming at Jetta steering knuckle in this pap

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5

Gao, Jian Xin, Pei Feng Zhao, Ke Xing Song, and Qing Wang. "The Numerical Simulation of Conductive Body Forming Process and Mould Design." Materials Science Forum 704-705 (December 2011): 177–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.704-705.177.

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T2-copper conductive body is a important part used in high voltage switch, it has poor machining process due to the complex shape. Through Deform numerical simulation, conductive body was formed by open-die forging and closed die forging. In the open-die forging simulation，heat transfer coefficient between blank (880°C) and open-die (200°C) is 11, the surrounding environment temperature is 20°C, friction factor is 0.3. The main open-die forging process parameters is: outer draft angle α=6.5°; inner draft angle β＝10°; bridge width b＝5、8、11mm. punching skin and cylindrical blank. Simulation resu

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6

Kapustova, Maria. "The Verification of Material Plastic Flow at Optimal Warm Forging Temperature Using Computer Simulation." Applied Mechanics and Materials 421 (September 2013): 229–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.421.229.

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Warm forging is most commonly used for production of die forgings which are manufactured by means of precise forging. As compared to cold forging, warm forging enables to reduce forging forces size considerably. Development of warm forging technology is connected to formability and plasticity research of forged material at warm temperatures. This contribution brings a methodology for optimal forging temperature determination from recommended interval of warm temperatures used for chromium-manganic steel 16MnCr5. The given steel is appropriate for case hardening and precise die forgings product

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7

Kapustová, Mária, and Jozef Bílik. "The Description of Precision Forging Technology in Closed Die of Mg Alloy AZ31 Using Computer Simulation." Applied Mechanics and Materials 686 (October 2014): 78–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.686.78.

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Automotive industry is nowadays constantly strengthening its dominant position. Its primary objective is to reduce weight of automobiles in order to decrease fuel consumption and amount of harmful pollutant emissions. From the viewpoint of further development in the field of automotive industry, very interesting are the issues of die forgings production from light non-ferrous metals. This article describes research of precision die forging technology in closed die with regard to magnesium alloy type AZ 31. Given alloy type Mg-Al-Zn is suitable for bulk forming and is characterized by good form

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8

Stoschka, Michael, Hermann Maderbacher, and Martin Stockinger. "Microstructural Assessment of IN718: A Closed-Loop Fatigue Approach." Materials Science Forum 706-709 (January 2012): 2468–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.706-709.2468.

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The goal of relating a local fatigue life approach with different microstructures requires the consideration of the main forging process dependent influence factors and their effect on grain size, grain shape, grain contiguity and others. The presented methodology shows the generation and use of a microstructural based evaluation method to link the grain-shape based texture and morphology to the low-cycle-fatigue behavior of superalloy 718. The developed microstructural based energy approach supports an alternative description of the microstructure and grain shape texture. Both, the morphology

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9

Cheng, Lian Jun, Tie Zhu Zhang, and Hong Xin Zhang. "The New Preforging Method of Closed-Die Forging with Controlled-Flash for Steering Knuckles." Advanced Materials Research 482-484 (February 2012): 2409–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.482-484.2409.

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In this paper, the new forging process for forming the steering knuckle of the truck is proposed, which includes preforming, preforging and finish-forging. The key technology of new forging process is focused on the preforging design. The closed-die forging with controlled-flash process for the preforging is proposed, by which the material utilization rate is enhanced greatly. The proper preforming includes three steps: rod extrusion, fork flatting and cleaving. The 3D finite element method (FEM) for simulation the forging process is also presented. The new and the traditional forging processe

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10

Yang, Cheng, Sheng Dun Zhao, and Jian Jun Zhang. "A Single Stage Hot Forging Process of Alternator Poles." Advanced Materials Research 189-193 (February 2011): 2792–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.189-193.2792.

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Based on precision forging method, a single stage hot forging process of alternator poles is put forword, which the heated blank can be forging by only one press in a special closed die. In the last this process is verified by the software of Deform-3D which is employed rigid-plastic FEM method.

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11

Luca, Dorin. "A numerical solution for a closed die forging process." MATEC Web of Conferences 112 (2017): 02008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201711202008.

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12

Kapustova, Maria, Jozef Bilik, Martin Sahul, Martin Ridzon, and Cristina Stefana Miron Borzan. "Experimental Research Regarding the Plastic Flow of Aluminium Alloy EN AW-7075 in Closed-die Forging Without Flash." Materiale Plastice 54, no. 2 (2017): 326–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/mp.17.2.4844.

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The paper describes an innovative method of production of non-ferrous drop forgings, a manufacturing method based on closed die forging without flash. From economic point of view, this method is very interesting for production, due to small quantity of lost material. The research was verified using DEFORM 3D software. In this way can be better understood the principles of forging process and can be analyzed the plastic flow of the material into the die cavity. This experiment was successfully performed at laboratory conditions and the results will be applied in practice.

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13

El-Domiaty, A., M. Shabara, and M. Al-Ansary. "Closed-Die Forging of Gear-Like Elements." Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering 120, no. 1 (1998): 34–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2830108.

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Closed die forging of spur gears is investigated using the slab method and the upper bound technique. The tooth regions are approximated by prismatic rectangular sections. The velocity field comprising three unit deformation regions is used. A constant frictional stress between workpiece and forging die is assumed. The average punch pressure normalized by the flow stress of the gear material is determined theoretically and compared with experimental results. The experimental work is carried out on a commercial pure aluminum (Al 1100) at room temperature. The forging process is carried out usin

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14

Zhu, Chun Dong, Tai Liang Dai, and Hui Wang. "The Technological Optimization of Closed Multiple-Ram Forging for Draw Rod." Applied Mechanics and Materials 29-32 (August 2010): 2339–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.29-32.2339.

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Draw rod is one of the main mechanical parts of vehicle steering system，which is required extremely high quality. At present the way to produce the draw rod is machining after common open-die forging. This technology will produce big flashings，damage the metal’s fibrous structure and reduce the material utilization. In this essay, we will use the technology of closed multiple-ram forging to produce it. We will utilize numerical simulation on several blanks through numerical simulation combined with experiments. In this way, the defects that some parts of the blank are folded and cannot fill we

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15

Ibhadode, A. O. A., and T. A. Dean. "The Influence of Process Variables on Load and Accuracy When Forging in a Completely Closed Cavity Die." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Management and engineering manufacture 202, no. 4 (1988): 237–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/pime_proc_1988_202_073_02.

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The effect of die design, billet location, billet volume variation, billet geometry, friction and die expansion, on forging loads and forged dimensions are investigated, for solid cylinders forged in completely closed die cavities. Forging tests were carried out on both a 2000 kN mechanical press and a 3000 kN hydraulic testing machine using BS 080M40 steel and commercially pure aluminium. The results show that the above factors can significantly affect forging load requirements and die cavity filling. They provide a basis of information for commercial development of net-shape or near-net-shap

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16

Schneider, Heiko, and Soenke Ruesch. "Process-integrated quality monitoring and control in closed die forging." International Journal of Manufacturing Technology and Management 4, no. 6 (2002): 479. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijmtm.2002.002520.

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17

Kim, Heon Young, and Dong Won Kim. "Computer-aided preform design in the closed-die forging process." Journal of Materials Processing Technology 41, no. 1 (1994): 83–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0924-0136(94)90178-3.

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18

Rao, K. P., K. Suresh, Y. V. R. K. Prasad, Norbert Hort, and Karl Ulrich Kainer. "Hot Forging of Cast Magnesium Alloy TX31 Using Semi-Closed Die and its Finite Element Simulation." Materials Science Forum 783-786 (May 2014): 449–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.783-786.449.

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Magnesium alloys based on Mg-Sn-Ca system have shown improved corrosion and creep properties. In this type of alloys,Sn forms a solid solution with Mg that improves the corrosion resistance while Ca forms thermally stable intermetallic phases in the matrix enhancing the creep resistance. The Sn to Ca ratio is an important variable in deciding the type of intermetallic phases that form in the microstructure.In Mg-3Sn-1Ca alloy (TX31), a single intermetallic phase CaMgSnforms, which is responsible for its improved creep strength.With a view to evaluate its forgeability,isothermal forging experim

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19

Ibhadode, A. O. A., and T. A. Dean. "Simulation and Experimental Verification of Completely Closed Cavity Die Forging on a Mechanical Press." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture 203, no. 1 (1989): 17–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/pime_proc_1989_203_042_02.

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A mathematical model for mechanical press forging is developed and applied to solid cylindrical shapes forged in a sprung completely closed cavity die. It is used to investigate the effects of various process variables on the forging process. Cold and hot forging tests, using commercially pure aluminium and AISI 1045 steel respectively, were carried out on a 2000 kN mechanical press. Experimental results compared well with those obtained from the theoretical model.

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20

Ji, Dong Sheng, Xin Yun Wang, Lei Deng, and Ju Chen Xia. "Closed Hot Precision Forging Process of a Bevel Gear with Large Cone Angle." Advanced Materials Research 154-155 (October 2010): 143–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.154-155.143.

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The closed hot precision forging process of a bevel gear with large cone angle was studied. According to the structure features of the bevel gear, two types of relief forging processes were proposed. First, simulations based on thermal-mechanical coupling finite element model were performed with Deform3D. Then the corresponding experiments were conducted and the results perfectly matched the simulation results. The advantages and deficiencies of two processes were discussed and a reliable basis for selecting the optimal process was proposed.

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21

Xu, Shu Bo, Cai Nian Jing, Ke Ke Sun, Guo Cheng Ren, and Gui Qing Wang. "Finite Element Analysis and Optimization of Deformation Behavior for Spur Gear Warm Forging Process." Advanced Materials Research 148-149 (October 2010): 854–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.148-149.854.

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Recent years have therefore seen growing interest in gear precision forging to net-shape form of forge bevel, spur and helical gears, as an alternative to conventional manufacturing. In this paper, gear precision forging processes are simulated by using metal forming finite element code DEFORM-3D. The investigations of gear precision forging processes are conducted with perform forging and final forging processes. The processes of completely closed-die forging, moving-die forging and central divided flow forging processes are investigated for spur gears. The effect of different processes on th

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22

Kang, Feng, E. Chuan Yang, Yan Bin Wang, Qiang Chen, and Da Yu Shu. "Study on the Cold Closed-Die Forging of Planetary Bevel Gears." Advanced Materials Research 803 (September 2013): 321–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.803.321.

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Taking the Planetary Bevel Gears as an object, the characteristic of cold Closed-die Forging was studied. By Using the FEM, the flowing rule of metal in the process of cold forging were analyzed, which is composed of dual-direction extrusion, upsetting and filling the gear form. The results show that each district of cavity was filled completely at the end of forging, without corner collapse, fold or crack. Taken the lower die as an example, the distribution of die stress was also analyzed. The results of numerical simulation were proved by the experiments, meanwhile the high precision and qua

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23

Zhu, Chun Dong, Chen Fu, and Hui Wang. "An Upper-Bound Analysis of Closed Multi-Ram Forging of Rod." Advanced Materials Research 189-193 (February 2011): 2511–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.189-193.2511.

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The shape of rod-shaped parts is complex, and the relative size changes more, so it is difficult to be deformed. Naturally the production of rod by closed multi-ram forging has many advantages. This paper introduces the analysis and calculation of the deformation load in auto rod pieces by closed multi-ram forging and the solve process of formula calculating deformation load of multi-ram forging, and then verified it by experiment. It has been shown that upper-bound analysis method is accurate in calculating the deformation load of multi-ram forging, and it can be used as the basis of the sele

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24

Zhang, Wei, and Yandong Yu. "Closed-die Forging Technology and Numerical Simulation of Aluminum Alloy Connecting Rod." Open Physics 17, no. 1 (2019): 497–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/phys-2019-0051.

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Abstract In order to improve quality and reveal the law of precision forging, closed-die forging technology is used in this paper to conduct a numerical analysis of the forming process of aluminum alloy connecting rod by the DEFORM software. Forming effects under different loading modes were acquired, and forming process, blank flow characteristics, stress-strain distribution and load-stroke curve characteristics were analyzed. Study results indicate that the forming effect under the loading mode featuring first movement of lateral punch and then movement of upper and lower punches is good wit

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Maarefdoust, Reyhaneh, and Mahdi Maarefdoust. "Analysis of Finite Volume of Forging Process of Connecting Rod." Advanced Materials Research 341-342 (September 2011): 313–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.341-342.313.

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Forging is a process of forming metals which leads to the deforming of work piece through its pressing. Shape and the number of pre-forms are the most significant issues in designing the process of closed die forging. The criteria for producing the pre-forms are creating a faultless die, fully the die completely, and homogenous deformation. In this study simulation in the designing the forging process of connecting rod via Pro/Engineer software and optimization of pre-form die and its analysis through the use of SuperForge software were investigated. Concerning the results, the simulation forg

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Li, Qian, Yi Bian, Zhi Ping Zhong, Gui Hua Liu, and Ying Chen. "Study on the Large Module Spur Gear Cold Forming Process by Means of Numerical Simulation." Advanced Materials Research 189-193 (February 2011): 2642–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.189-193.2642.

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The cold forging process of large module spur gear with four modules and 59mm breadth is performed by means of numerical simulation method. Two processes to forming such spur gears were compared by the simulation method, one is with the closed-die performing and extrusion in the finish-forging, the other is with divided-flow method in the finish-forging. Especially, the divided-flow method is analyzed in detail. The necessary reference and basis to realize practical cold precision forging process of spur gear with large modulus is provided eventually.

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Zhang, Yao Zong, Jian Bo Huang, Xue Lin, and Quan Shui Fang. "Numerical Simulation Analysis on Cold Closed-Die Forging of Differential Satellite Gear in Car." Materials Science Forum 575-578 (April 2008): 517–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.575-578.517.

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The cold closed-die forging process of the gear is a kind of new technique of the precise forming of gear in recent years. In this paper, the cold closed-die forging process of differential satellite gear in car was analyzed through numerical simulation method. Forming mold was designed with Pro/E Wildfire2.0 which included four components : upper punch, lower punch, tooth shape upper die and lower die for Normal Cone. The three-dimensional models of satellite bevel gear mould were built and imported into numerical simulation software DEFORM-3D. Because the gear has the uniform circumferential

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Tong, Ying. "Numerical Simulation and Experimental Study on Warm Forging Process of Half Axle Bevel Gear." Advanced Materials Research 291-294 (July 2011): 774–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.291-294.774.

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According to the shape character of half axle bevel gear forging a process based on closed-die forging scheme was proposed. Based on a series of simulation the influence of initial forging temperature on forming force, the influence of web thickness and web position on stress, damage factor and forming force were analyzed. According to numerical analysis the web dimensions and forging temperature which ensure a minimum stress, a minimum damage factor and a proper forming load were achieved. The forming result was simulated and evaluated, and the forming load was controlled under 760ton. At las

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29

Dziubińska, A., A. Gontarz, and K. Dziedzic. "Qualitative Research of AZ31 Magnesium Alloy Aircraft Brackets Produced by a New Forging Method." Archives of Metallurgy and Materials 61, no. 2 (2016): 1003–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/amm-2016-0171.

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AbstractThe paper reports a selection of numerical and experimental results of a new closed-die forging method for producing AZ31 magnesium alloy aircraft brackets with one rib. The numerical modelling of the new forming process was performed by the finite element method.The distributions of stresses, strains, temperature and forces were examined. The numerical results confirmed that the forgings produced by the new forming method are correct. For this reason, the new forming process was verified experimentally. The experimental results showed good agreement with the numerical results. The pro

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Krušič, Vid, and Tomaž Rodič. "Reliability of system for precise cold forging." Materials and Geoenvironment 64, no. 2 (2017): 91–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/rmzmag-2017-0006.

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AbstractThe influence of scatter of principal input parameters of the forging system on the dimensional accuracy of product and on the tool life for closed-die forging process is presented in this paper. Scatter of the essential input parameters for the closed-die upsetting process was adjusted to the maximal values that enabled the reliable production of a dimensionally accurate product at optimal tool life. An operating window was created in which exists the maximal scatter of principal input parameters for the closed-die upsetting process that still ensures the desired dimensional accuracy

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Foydl, Annika, Insa Pfeiffer, Matthias Kammler, et al. "Manufacturing of Steel-Reinforced Aluminum Products by Combining Hot Extrusion and Closed-Die Forging." Key Engineering Materials 504-506 (February 2012): 481–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.504-506.481.

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Aluminum matrix composite extrusions reinforced with wires made of high strength stainless steel represent an innovative material concept for lightweight structures. The use of reinforcing elements should improve the mechanical properties and the performance of lightweight structures. This study deals with the process chain of extrusion and die forging to manufacture steel-reinforced products. The production of discontinuously-reinforced, semi-finished aluminum profiles by co-extrusion is in focus on the extrusion part. The material flow is analysed in order to understand, and further to influ

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Bai, Qian, Jian Guo Lin, Gao Feng Tian, Daniel S. Balint, and Jin Wen Zou. "A Novel Forming Process for Powder Metallurgy of Superalloys." Key Engineering Materials 622-623 (September 2014): 833–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.622-623.833.

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Powder metallurgy (PM) of nickel-based superalloys has been used for a wide range of products owing to their excellent special properties in processing and applications. Typical processes for high performance PM superalloys include hot isostatic pressing, hot extrusion and hot isothermal forging. Hot isostatic pressing is normally conducted at a high temperature, by using a low pressure for a long time in a closed vessel, resulting in high cost and low product efficiency. In this paper a novel forming process, i.e. direct powder forging for powder metallurgy of superalloys has been proposed. I

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Henke, Thomas, Gerhard Hirt, and Markus Bambach. "Optimization of a Closed Die Forging Process to Manufacture a Gear Wheel by the Use of a Response Surface Model." Advanced Materials Research 922 (May 2014): 254–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.922.254.

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Heavy-duty components used in the automotive industry, in wind turbines and in many other industrial applications are often produced using hot forging processes. Nowadays the design of hot forging processes aims for the optimization of process efficiency on the one hand and final mechanical product properties on the other hand. Excellent mechanical properties needed for hot-forged components e.g. high load capacity and high fatigue resistance depend on a fine homogeneous microstructure distribution across the final product’s cross-section. Efficiency in hot forging can be optimized by increasi

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Gryguć, Andrew, Seyed Behzad Behravesh, Hamid Jahed, et al. "A Method for Comparing the Fatigue Performance of Forged AZ80 Magnesium." Metals 11, no. 8 (2021): 1290. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met11081290.

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A closed die forging process was developed to successfully forge an automotive suspension component from AZ80 Mg at a variety of different forging temperatures (300 °C, 450 °C). The properties of the forged component were compared and contrasted with other research works on forged AZ80 Mg at both an intermediate forging and full-scale component forging level. The monotonic response, as well as the stress and strain-controlled fatigue behaviours, were characterized for the forged materials. Stress, strain and energy-based fatigue data were used as a basis for comparison of the durability perfor

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35

Bakhshi-Jooybari, M., I. Pillinger, T. A. Dean, and P. Hartley. "Development of Product and Process Comparison Criteria for an Intelligent Knowledge-Based System for Forging Die Design." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture 210, no. 6 (1996): 565–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/pime_proc_1996_210_155_02.

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An important feature of any intelligent knowledge-based system (IKBS) for the design of forging dies is the ability to compare new components with those previously encountered by the system. In order to accomplish this, it is necessary to identify the parameters that significantly influence the success or otherwise of the forging and the weighting effect of these parameters. An experimental method has been developed to obtain the weighting effects of different process and geometrical parameters in completely closed-die forging. The results have been implemented in the IKBS and are shown to be

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Politis, Nicholas J., Denis J. Politis, Catrin Mair Davies, Jian Guo Lin, and Trevor A. Dean. "An Experimental and Numerical Investigation into Forming Force Reduction in Precision Gear Forging." Key Engineering Materials 622-623 (September 2014): 165–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.622-623.165.

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A significant factor in the cost of industrial machinery for precision forging is the maximum load required to fully forge the final shape of components. Typically in a precision forging process, the required load increases greatly towards the end of the stroke. This study focuses on reducing the final sharp increase in load encountered in a typical closed die forging setup. A technique of reducing the peak load in the forging of gears is proposed, named the Peripheral Relief (PR) method. A gear forging tool set has been designed and manufactured. A number of experimental trials have been perf

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Jolgaf, M., A. M. S. Hamouda, S. Sulaiman, and M. M. Hamdan. "Development of a CAD/CAM system for the closed-die forging process." Journal of Materials Processing Technology 138, no. 1-3 (2003): 436–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-0136(03)00113-4.

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38

Zhao, De Ying, Lian Dong Zhang, and Li Na Sun. "Forming Mechanism of Folding Defect within Closed Die Forming Car Steering Knuckle." Materials Science Forum 704-705 (December 2011): 240–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.704-705.240.

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Steering knuckle is the key part of vehicle steering system. The forming technology combined closed die pre-forging with open finish-forging has some advantages such as higher material utilization ratio and lower forming forces and so on. While simulating the closed die extrusion forming process of car steering knuckle, folding defect emerges on the contact area of Branch I and lower punch in the lateral extrusion process. The forming mechanism of the folding defect is studied by numerical simulations and experiments, which mainly consider the influence of lower punch shape and size, extrusion

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Papenberg, Nikolaus, and Stefan Gneiger. "Closed Die Forging of Mg-Al-Zn-Ca-Y Alloys." Materials Science Forum 918 (March 2018): 28–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.918.28.

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In light of emission reduction and weight saving in transport applications, Mg parts gain alot attention due to their good specific mechanical properties and their low mass. While casting is themain process for manufacturing Mg parts for automotive applications, forged parts show some majorbenefits like superior mechanical properties and absence of porosity. In this work a comparison ofclosed die forged parts made from different Mg-alloys has been carried out. The materials used in thewarm forging process were AZ31 and various Mg-Al-Zn-Ca-Y type (AZXW) alloys. Ca additions areknown to improve

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Bublíková, Dagmar, Štěpán Jeníček, Michal Peković, and Hana Jirková. "NEW TREATMENT ROUTE FOR CLOSED-DIE FORGINGS OF STEELS WITH 2.5% MANGANESE." Acta Metallurgica Slovaca 24, no. 2 (2018): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.12776/ams.v24i2.1053.

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<p>The requirements placed on closed-die-forged parts of advanced steels have been increasing recently. Such forgings demand an innovative approach to both design and heat treatment. It is important to obtain high strength and sufficient ductility in closed-die forgings. High strength, mostly associated with martensitic microstructure, is often to the detriment of ductility. Ductility can be improved by incorporating a certain volume fraction of retained austenite in the resulting microstructure. Among heat treatment processes capable of producing martensite and retained austenite, there

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Poloczek, Łukasz, Łukasz Rauch, Marek Wilkus, et al. "Physical and Numerical Simulations of Closed Die Hot Forging and Heat Treatment of Forged Parts." Materials 14, no. 1 (2020): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14010015.

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The paper describes physical and numerical simulations of a manufacturing process composed of hot forging and controlled cooling, which replace the conventional heat treatment technology. The objective was to investigate possibilities and limitations of the heat treatment with the use of the heat of forging. Three steels used to manufacture automotive parts were investigated. Experiments were composed of two sets of tests. The first were isothermal (TTT) and constant cooling rate (CCT) dilatometric tests, which supplied data for the identification of the numerical phase transformation model. T

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Ohdar, Rajkumar, Md Israr Equbal, and Vinod Kumar. "Die Stress Optimization Using Finite Element and Taguchi Method." Materials Science Forum 762 (July 2013): 319–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.762.319.

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In this study, finite element simulation and the Taguchi method are employed to optimize the die stress in hot closed die forging process. Investigations are carried out for forging of automotive spring saddle by including all realistic process parameters. The research involved analyzing the effects of flash thickness, billet temperature, die temperature and friction coefficient on effective die stress by means of computer simulation. To obtain the result the forging process was modeled in CATIA V5, 3D Solid Modeling Software, simulated in DEFORMTM 3D Software, and statistically setup and exam

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Arkhipov, A. A., and S. V. Lyubimskiy. "FEM simulation of waveguide flange manufacture by closed bulk forming." Journal of «Almaz – Antey» Air and Space Defence Corporation, no. 2 (June 30, 2018): 60–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.38013/2542-0542-2018-2-60-64.

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The purpose of the study was to analyze the basic technological process of manufacturing waveguide flanges at PJSC “ALMAZ R&P Corp.” LEMZ Division. A method for optimizing the process has been proposed, and a theoretical study using the finite element method has been carried out. The stress-strain state of the forging of a complex shaped flange during its manufacture with closed bulk forming has been analyzed as well.

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Cheng, Feng, and Hong Yan Jiang. "Finite Element Simulation and Experimental Study on Isothermal Forging Technology for a Complex-Shaped Titanium Alloy Wing." Key Engineering Materials 575-576 (September 2013): 523–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.575-576.523.

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A closed isothermal forging process was adopted for precision forming of the Ti-6Al-4V wing with a variable cross-section asymmetric structure. Firstly, simulations under different process parameters, such as the deformation temperature, punchs velocity et al. were analyzed with DEFORM-3D software to eliminate the defects in the isothermal forming process. The simulation results demonstrated that the loads during isothermal deformation were determined not just by the forging temperature but the punchs velocity, the less velocity of punch, the better filling ability, and yet temperatures from 9

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Guo, Wei, and Jin Zou. "Optimization of Process Parameters for Closed-die Forging Based on Finite Element Simulation." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 638 (October 11, 2019): 012015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/638/1/012015.

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Zhu, Yuanzhi, Yin Zhimin, and Xu Jiangpin. "Microstructural mapping in closed die forging process of superalloy Nimonic 80a valve head." Journal of Alloys and Compounds 509, no. 20 (2011): 6106–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2011.03.038.

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Song, J. H., and Y. T. Im. "Process design for closed-die forging of bevel gear by finite element analyses." Journal of Materials Processing Technology 192-193 (October 2007): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2007.04.081.

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Gao, Zhen Shan, Xiao Zhong Deng, and Fu Xiao Chen. "A Study on Gear Tooth Metal Flowing Law and Process Optimization of Spiral Bevel Gear Forging." Advanced Materials Research 753-755 (August 2013): 215–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.753-755.215.

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Insufficient gear tooth corner filling and high forming load are the main problems in spiral bevel gear forging. In this study, three different preforms were proposed. According to the analysis of the forging spiral bevel gear process using the semi-closed die, which was based on elastoplastic finite element model, the metal flowing law of tooth along tooth alignment and profile are revealed. From the simulation results, the arc face shape preform and the finish die with divided flow cavity are good for forging gear, and an optimized process was presented. Experiments were carried out using el

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Zuo, Bin, Bao Yu Wang, and Le Yi Yang. "Forming Load Calculation of Hot Precision Forging of Cylindrical Gears." Applied Mechanics and Materials 456 (October 2013): 425–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.456.425.

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The Tooth Impact Factor was defined and introduced into the formula of forming load of closed-upsetting. Thus the formula for calculating the forming load of hot precision forging of cylindrical gears was put forward. The equation for the Tooth Impact Factor was fitted using the data from FE simulation of forging process in which gears with different modules were forged. Some forging tests for gears were conducted and the forming load was measured to ensure the validity of the formula. The tests also revealed that the formula is suitable for forming load calculation of hot precision forging of

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Zhang, Wei, Yong Liu, and Ming Yang Zhang. "Numerical Simulation and Defects Analyses of Titanium Aluminide Based Alloys Powder Forging." Advanced Materials Research 337 (September 2011): 192–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.337.192.

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Powder forging is an important method for behaviors in a closed die, including the net shape. In order to study the deformation characteristics, the closed die block forging of Ti-Al powder preforms was simulated by commercial plastic forming software DEFORM-3D, using a change of temperature, stress and strain at different regions of the billet. Based on distributions of the stress and strain, the occurrence of defects was analyzed. It indicates that some defects may occur near the edge of preform during the plastic deformation process. At last, the predicted results were evaluated by experime

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